Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України
The article deals with a collection of ancient lamps from the funds of the National Museum of History of Ukraine, covering the period of the first centuries AD. Centers of production and dating are clarified.
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| Published in: | Археологія |
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| Date: | 2019 |
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| Pages: | 74-94 |
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2019
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| author | Sheiko, Iryna M. Puklina, Olha O. |
| author_facet | Sheiko, Iryna M. Puklina, Olha O. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Iryna M. Sheiko",
"institution": "Institute of Archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2176-8145"
},
{
"author": "Olha O. Puklina",
"institution": "National museum of History of Ukraine",
"orcid": ""
}
] |
| author_orcid_str_mv | 0000-0002-2176-8145 |
| author_sort | Sheiko, Iryna M. |
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| container_title | Археологія |
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| datestamp_date | 2020-01-19T08:44:35Z |
| description | The article deals with a collection of ancient lamps from the funds of the National Museum of History of Ukraine, covering the period of the first centuries AD. Centers of production and dating are clarified. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/archaeologyua2019.02.074 |
| first_indexed | 2026-08-07T01:01:40Z |
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ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2019, № 274
Публiкацiї
археологiчних матерiалiв
ROMAN LAMPS
FROM THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY OF UKRAINE
УДК 904.23"652":069.5(477-25)
© I.M. Sheiko, O.O. Puklina, 2019
I.M. Sheiko, O.O. Puklina *
https://doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2019.02.074
* SHEIKO Iryna Mykolaivna — PhD, research fellow in
the department of Ancient Archaeology of the Institute
of Archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, ORCID 0000-0003-2005-3081, ira.sheiko@
gmail.com
PUKLINA Olha Oleksandrivna — Deputy Chief
Collections Curator in the National museum of History
of Ukraine, o_puklina@ukr.net
The article deals with a collection of ancient lamps from the
funds of the National Museum of History of Ukraine, covering
the period of the first centuries AD. Centers of production and
dating are clarified.
K e y w o r d s: Olbia, Roman period, lamps, collection,
museum, dating.
The National Museum of History of Ukraine
contains a representative collection of antiquities,
consisting of more than 20 thousand items. More
than a half is the collection of excavations in the
ancient city of Olbia. It includes different groups of
materials — household items, pottery, jewelry, and
etc. Among them a significant place is occupied
by lamps. They not only illuminated the houses,
streets, theaters, workshops, but played a significant
role in cults, worship of the gods and burial rites.
Lamps were devoted to the gods, they were placed
in temples, sanctuaries, at home altars, lit during
various processions on holidays or days of mourning.
According to mythological traditions, inflamed
lamps were perceived as the embodiment of the deity.
They were simultaneously a symbol of the soul and
are often found in the graves of ancient necropolises.
Roman lamps, from the collection of the
National Museum of History of Ukraine “Ancient
cities — states of the Northern Black Sea region”,
include 197 complete forms and fragments. The
vast majority of them come from excavations at the
“Lower city” in Olbia, as well as from the “Lower
city of Farmakovskyi”, sections “И” and “ИN”,
which were investigated in the 1930-ies and 1940-
ies headed by L.M. Slavin. This publication is an
attempt to introduce into the scientific circle a
group of clay products of everyday use, and due to
modern analogies from various cities of the ancient
world, shed light on their dating and production
centers.
The study of the “Lower city” sector made it
possible to detect extremely important construction
remains, in particular, the citadel wall and the
complex of adjacent premises, the bakery, and
also in this area was one of the Olbia’s ceramic
quarters — the location of pottery workshops
of the first centuries of our era. Partly, the lamps
from the excavations of the “Lower city” were
published in 1940 (Славин 1940, p. 49—78), but
the author did not stop separately on the types and
images on the lamps discuses, just as on dating and
analogies. In addition, the category of Corinthian
lamps originating from this area was also published
in a special study (Шейко 2017, p. 116—121).
That is why the publication of material from the
excavations of the mentioned site is so important.
Not all of them are included onto this publication,
but only the most representative ones, namely 82
items among 197. However, the characteristics of
the collection are made for every item.
The lamps available in the collection can be
divided as follows: handmade and molded, the
latter are distinguished by the presence or absence
of plots on the discuses: lamps with the image of
warriors and their attributes, lamps with groove
ornamentation on the rim, raised points ornaments
and rosettes, without ornamentation and etc.
Among lamps of the collection there is a significant
part of local items, which are copies of imported
types of lamps.
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Handmade lamps. A large part of the collection
is represented by handmade lamps of various types
and shapes. Their dating is quite broad — first
centuries AD, however, among them there are more
narrowly dated items. In total in the collection of
handmade lamps are 32 items.
Among them there are wide-open lamps on
a high stand, which look like bowls, though they
have a separated sooty nozzle (fig. 1, 1—2). Such
lamps are found in various cities of Northern Black
Sea Region: Kitey (Молев 2010, Tab. 87: 2, in the
layer of I—II c. AD), Tanais (Арсеньева 1988,
Tab. 30: 1; Tab. 34: 1; Tab. 37: 3, with the dating —
mid III c. AD), Hermonassa (Коровина 2002,
Tab. 18: 18, IV c. AD) and Olbia (Марченко 1988,
fig. 32: 12—14, with a rather early dating — end
of IV — first half of I c. BC). To our opinion, it is
expedient to date these lamps by the first centuries
AD, namely — mid I — mid III c. AD.
The most widespread among the finds of
handmade lamps in the “Lower city” sector were
wide-open lamps, often with separated nozzle
(fig. 2, 1—2, 4—5; 3, 1—4, 6, 8). Such lamps have
analogies in the above mentioned ancient cities:
Kitey (Молев 2010, Tab. 54: 2, 4, 5, in the layer of
I — II c. AD), Tanais (Арсеньева 1988, Tab. 34:
3; Tab. 36: 1; Tab. 37: 1, with the dating — mid III
c. AD), moreover, they are represented in Tyras
(Гаврилюк 2006, fig. 6, 25—29, with the dating by
mid II — III c. AD). Beyond the Northern Black
Sea Region, similar lamp was found in Britain with
the same buff clay with mica (Bailey 1988, Pl. 9:
Q1642PRB, second half of I — first half of II c.
AD).
Several handmade lamps have other shape. In
particular, the lamp in the shape of a “boot” with
a side handle (fig. 1, 3), which also has a broad
dating — mid I — IV c. AD: Beliaus necropolis
(Дашевская 2014, burial 2, Tab. 23: 1—2; burial
10, Tab. 32: 17), Tanais (Арсеньева 1988, Tab. 30:
3; Tab. 31: 1—3), Hermonassa (Коровина 2002,
Tab. 18: 17). Also, an interesting shape has a semi-
closed lamp with the base of a side handle in the
form of a tuck (fig. 3, 5) that has analogies in Tanais,
but without any date (Арсеньева 1988, Tab. 45: 4).
Several open triangular in shape handmade lamps
(fig. 1, 4; fig. 2, 3; fig. 3, 7) are also dated by the first
centuries AD, as the rest of the open lamps.
Lamps with the images of gladiators and their
attributes. The following category consists of 15
items. The most common images are gladiators
(fig. 4, 1—3). The three lamps in the collection
Fig. 1. Handmade lamps
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have the same image of two warriors in combat.
These lamps have a rather “blurred” image, due to
the “worn-out” of the form from which they were
made, but according to the analogies we managed
to identify it. The first two items (fig. 4, 1—2)
have an admixture of sand in clay and red, poorly
preserved, slip covering, so it can be assumed that
they were made locally, namely in Olbia, and
served as copies of imported goods. The third lamp
(fig. 4, 3) has different clay, with golden mica, and
a reddish-colored coating, which proves in favor
of its production outside the Northern Black Sea
Coast. This plot is quite common in the ancient
world, so many similarities have been found. In
particular, in Trier, among the complex of the
necropolis (Goethert 1997, Taf. 4: 22f; Taf. 54: 397
(M.94), the end of Tiberius’s rule — the beginning
of Claudius); among the finds from Egypt (Heres
1972, Taf. 59: 552, second half of I c. AD); Italy
(Młasowsky 1993, kat. no. 173—174, 40—70 AD),
however, it should be noted that all these analogies
are of a somewhat early period, with the presence
of a triangle-shaped nozzles with volutes. Our
lamps, at least the first two, which are completely
preserved, have a round shape of the nozzle, which
testifies in favor of their dating of the Type 8 by the
classification of Loeschke, that is, the middle — the
end of I c. AD (Loeschke 1919, p. 239). However,
in the catalogue of the British Museum, identical
to our copies there is a lamp with a rounded nozzle,
but heart-shaped, dated by the first half of II c. AD
(Bailey 1980, Pl. 122: Q3296), which allows us
slightly extend the date of this type existence.
The authors, in addition to the title of the plot:
two gladiators in combat, mentioned some more
details: “two gladiators, hoplomachus and veles
(?)” (Bailey 1980, Pl. 122: Q3296), and “Thrax
und Hoplomaechus” (Goethert 1997, cat. No 397
(M.94).
It is interesting that the same lamp was found
during excavations in Olbia in 1902, and published
in the catalogue of O.F. Valdgauer (Вальдгауер
1914, cat. No. 334), unfortunately, no information
is available on the place of discovery. In addition,
the find of an identical lamp is also made in
Chersonese (Вальдгауер 1914, cat. No 335). The
Fig. 2. Handmade lamps
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author mentions that these products are local
imitations of Italian products and dates them by
III c. AD, which is not correct.
Two lamps depicting warriors have a blurred
image or the one that is lost (fig. 4, 4, 6). Both
lamps should be dated by the presence of a round
nozzle no earlier than by the mid I — the beginning
of II c. AD, which is confirmed by analogies to our
lamp (fig. 4, 6) from Italy (Hübinger 1993, Taf. 16:
129) and Gaul (Bémont, Chew 2007, cat. No. GA
100—101, 40—100 AD).
There is an interesting fragment of the imported
lamp nozzle with the image of the warrior equipment
(fig. 4, 8). Analogies to such lamps are found in
Gaul (Bémont, Chew 2007, cat. N o. GA 108,
Tiberius — debut Trajanic time), Italy (Miączewska
2015, cat. No. Cb8, 25—50AD; Młasowsky 1993,
cat. No. 173—174, with a triangular nozzle, 20—
50 AD), Egypt (Miączewska 2015, cat. No. Cb10,
50—100 AD), Vindonissa (Loeschke 1919, Taf. XI:
457—459, Type IV, second half of II c. AD) and
Salamin (Oziol 1977, Pl. 17: 303—309, second half
of II c. AD). In addition, among the description
of the image there is an equipment affiliation:
“gladiatorial equipment belonging to a thrax and a
murmillo” and, of course, listing all the equipment:
“a pair of greaves, one straight scarf, one sica, one
rectangular shield, one gallery” (Miączewska 2015,
cat. N o. Cb8, Cb10), which is very useful due to
the fact that our fragment is very small and contains
only the lower part of the picture.
A separate image of an eagle with opened
wings was also very widespread in ancient world:
Magdalensberg (Farka 1977, Taf. 40: 1350, first
half of I c. AD), Trier (Goethert 1997, Taf. 37:
171(M.156), Claudius/Neron — early Flavian
time), Berlin museum collection (Heres 1972,
Taf. 61: 583, I—II c. AD, Taf. 22: 175, Taf. 18:
139, Tiberius — Claudius time), Pannonia (Iványi
1935, Taf. VII: 7—8, cat. N o. 170—171, Tiberius
time — mid I c. AD), Carthage (Deneavue 1969,
cat. N o. 949, 630, 773, second quarter of I c. —
beginning of II c. AD), Vindonissa (Loeschke 1919,
Pl. XIII: 281, end of I c. AD, Pl. IV: 330, second
half of II c. AD), Cyprus (Oziol 1977, Pl. 29:
530—531, II c. AD; Bailey 1988, Pl. 64: Q2414,
40—100 A D), Schloessinger museum collection
(Rosenthal, Sivan 1978, cat. No. 97, II c. AD).
Fig. 3. Handmade lamps
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Identical images of the eagles on the pedestal,
which we have on the items of our collection, were
found only among finds of Carthage (Deneavue
1969, Pl. XLI: 356, the end of I c. AD) and
among the finds of Moesia, namely Tomis (?)
with more modern dating — the middle of II—
III c. AD (Topoleanu 2012, cat. No. 66—67), one
from the territory of modern Albania (Busuladžić
2007, cat. No. 34, 40—80 AD — the beginning of
II c. AD).
Eagles with folded wings are found on the
discuses of Roman lamps too: Gaul (Bémont, Chew
2007, Pl. 48: GA 146—147, cat. N o. 838, 50—
100 A D), Carthage (Bonnet 1988, fig. 18: 2—4,
end of III c. AD; Deneavue 1969, Pl. LXXIII: 772,
773, second half of I c. — beginning of II c. AD),
Trier (Goethert 1997, cat. N o. 196 (M.159a), 218
(M.159b), 230 (M.159b), Flavian time and II c. AD),
Pannonia (Ivanyi 1935, Taf. VII: 9, cat. N o. 172,
Tiberius time — mid I c. AD), Vindonissa (Loeschke
1919, Pl. XIII: 285, the end of I c. AD), Italy
(Młasowsky 1993, cat. No. 250—251, 40—100 AD),
Schloessinger museum collection (Rosenthal, Sivan
1978, cat. N o. 49, 98, the beginning of Augustus
time — Flavianic time), Merida museum collection
(Rodrigues 2002, fig. XVII: 249, the beginning of
I — beginning of II c. AD).
In addition, in Olbia, there are known lamps
with the image of an eagle that holds in claws a
rabbit, which turned out to be rather rare (Шейко
2017, p. 120), unlike images of eagles in general:
Carthage (Deneavue 1969, Pl. L XXIII: 772—
773), Trier (Bailey 1988, Pl. 140: Q3505), Ephesus
(Bailey 1988, Pl. 103: Q3078, Flavian-Trajanic
time), Vindonissa (Loeschke 1919, Pl. XIII: 280,
the end of I c. AD), Cyprus (Oziol 1977, Pl. XII:
193, the end of I c. AD).
No less interesting are handles of lamps
with the images of eagles: Greece (Heres 1972,
Taf. 54: 490, 505, II—IV c. A D), Egypt (?)
(Młasowsky 1993, cat. N o. 247—248, I—II c.
AD); and also handles in the shapes of terracotta
eagles: Pannonia (Iványi 1935, Taf. XLVII: 1,
cat. N o. 1210, no date), Italy (Bailey 1988,
Pl. 155: Q1052bis, second half of II c. AD),
Carthage (Deneavue 1969, Pl. L IX: 572, 573,
Augustus-Tiberius — the beginning of Julius
Claudius time), Egypt (?) (Młasowsky 1993,
cat. No. 249, II — the beginning of III c. AD),
Tibiscum (Regep-Vlascici, Muscalu 2007, the
beginning — second half of II c. AD).
Moreover, in 1902 in Olbia was found another
lamp with an eagle on the discus, of the identical
form to our (fig. 4, 5). The latter has a “foot” stamp
Fig. 4. Lamps with the images of gladiators and their attributes
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on the base and is dated by the author by III—
IV c. AD (Вальдгауер 1914, cat. No. 546).
Lamps with “grooves” on the rim ornamentation.
Such items in the collection are 24. Lamps of
this type are widespread mainly among cities
of the Northern Black Sea Coast, especially in
Chersonese, where they make up 30 % of the total
number of lighting devices originating from the
necropolis and the settlement together (Сорочан
1982, p. 43). That is why it seems reasonable to
use the classification for the typology and dating of
S.B. Sorochan. The author divided the “grooves”
lamps by the shape of the body into two types:
pear-shaped and round-egg-shaped (Сорочан
1982, c. 44).
To this classification D.V. Zhuravlev is also
relies on, who dates them to the second quarter
of III — the end of IV c. A D (Журавлев, �����Туро-
ва 2012, p. 375; Chrzanovski, Zhuravlev 1998,
p. 133—135). As for the center of production of
this type of lamp, it should be noted that, despite
their significant distribution in the Northern Black
Sea, the clay of some specimens is different, which
may indicate several different production centers,
as well as D.V. Zhuravlev noted (Журавлев, �����Туро-
ва 2012, p. 376).
Rounded “grooves” lamps dominate in our
collection (fig. 5, 3—8), and there are only a few
pear-shaped ones (fig. 5, 1—2). We have identical
lamps among the collections of the Yalta Museum
(Журавлев, Турова 2012, Tab. 14: 83, 85—86,
93) and the Museum of Warsaw (Bernhard 1955,
Tab. XCIII: 331—333). The identical ware to our
lamp (fig. 5, 7), originates from Ephesus, and is
dated from the end of II c. AD, but the latter has
volutes on the sides of the nozzle, indicating an
earlier date (Lyon-Caen 1986, cat. N o. 125). In
addition, such lamps are common in the Danube
region (Кузманов 1992, cat. No. 277—278).
Raised points ornamentation and rosettes. The
share of these lamps is 38. All of them have various
clay and coating, as well as the shape. First two
lamps (fig. 6, 1—2) have volutes and very similar
shape of the body to the Hellenistic lamps, however
their dating is much later. For instance, such lamps
from Pannonia are dated by the second half of I —
the beginning of II c. AD (Iványi 1935, Taf. XXV:
5, 7), in Africa Proconsularis they are dated by
100—170 AD, but have black slip covering (Bailey
1988, Pl. 12: Q1674), and the most late date for
such lamps is the end of IV — first half of V c. AD,
by the layer materials of Naples, where they
present a local type (Garcea 1999, Tav. I: 5—7).
Similar device, but with additional dots round the
reservoir, was found in the Northern Black Sea
region with the date III c. A D (Цветаева 1984,
Tab. CXXXII: 35). Moreover, such examples
with volutes are known in Carthage (Deneavue
1969, Pl. XCIII: 1033) and Trier (Zeischka 1997,
cat. No. 101).
Fig. 5. Lamps with “grooves” on the rim ornamentation
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The lamp with a 4-petal rosette on the discus
and raised dots ornamentation (fig. 6, 4) has an
analogy in Sicily (Civiletti 2003, Sch. 3, II c. AD),
Trier (Zeischka 1997, cat. N o. 195), in the
collection of Yalta museum (Журавлев, Турова
2012, Tab. 10: 44), Black Sea region (Вальдгауер
1914, cat. No. 379) and Chersonese (Chrzanovski,
Zhuravlev 1998, cat. N o. 55—56, the end of
II—III c. AD). Similar lamp, but without a
handle was found in Gaul (Bémont, Chew 2007,
cat. No. GA113, 30—100 AD).
The same lamp to our sample (fig. 6, 5) was
found at atrium building at Cosa, with a dating —
the end of II c. — 225 AD (Fitch, Goldman 1994,
fig. 89: 837), at Volubilis (Ponsich 1961, Pl. XXIV:
327, III c. AD), and at Smyrna with earlier date —
the end of I — II c. AD (Heres 1972, Taf. 43:
422).
Identical lamps to our example (fig. 6, 6) are
found among lighting devices of Italy (Bémont,
Chew 2007, cat. No. IT85, III c. AD), local Rome
fabric (Hayes 1992, Pl. 28: 249, III c. AD) and Trier
(Zeischka 1997, cat. No. 197).
As to the rosettes, the one analogy of a 13-
petal rosette at the discus and ornamentation with
leaves around it (fig. 6, 10) is dated by III c. AD
(Крунић 2011, cat. N o. 322—323). A 16-petal
rosette (fig. 6, 9) can be dated by the second half of
II c. AD by the analogy from Sarmicegetusa (Alicu
2006, Taf. VI: 384). Therefore, we can say that the
dating for lamps with rosettes on the discus from
our collection (fig. 6, 7—10, 12—14) can be named
around second half of II—III c. AD.
One lamp with the shell on the discus and a
row of ovolos and raised points around it (fig. 6,
11) is similar to the example from Bulgarian
Fig. 6. Raised points ornamentation and rosettes
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Archaeological museum collection (������Кузма-
нов 1992, cat. N o. 154, second half of II — the
beginning of III c. AD).
Lamps with no ornamentation on the discus.
The collection has several lamps that are non-
ornamented on the discus (fig. 7, 1—6), but
sometimes have raised dots, or a row of ovolos on the
sides. Nevertheless, these lamps are very common
among ancient centers. All of the devices that are
represented in our collection are imported from
various ancient cities, due to their slip covering and
clay impurities, which are not usual for our region.
The lighting device with volutes and long nozzle
(fig. 7, 1) finds analogies in Cotta (Ponsich 1961,
Pl. 14: 151, I c. AD), Athenian Agora (Perlzweig
1961, Pl. 6: 159, first half of II c. A D), Ephesus
(Bailey 1988, Pl. 99: Q3024—3025, Flavian-
Trajanic time), Naukratis (Walters 1914, Pl. XIV:
490). Due to its red thick slip covering and visual
impurities of golden mica in clay its Italian origin
can be assumed.
The lamp with a row of ovolos round the
discus (fig. 7, 2) has an Italian or Gaul provenance
(Bémont, Chew 2007, cat. N o. GA211, GA214,
IT58, 40—100 AD), also found in Magdalensberg
(Farka 1977, Taf. 20: 661, first half of I c. AD).
There is one lamp with a small hole near the
nozzle (fig. 7, 3), which is believed to be the air hole
for better lighting. Similar lamps to our sample are
found in Histrian necropolis (Alexandrescu 1966,
Pl. 79: 36.12, mid I — mid II c. AD), but without
a vertical handle, in Italy/Africa? (Bémont, Chew
2007, cat. No. AF7, second half of II c. AD; cat.
No. IT 65, IT69, 75—140 AD), Trier necropolis
(Goethert 1997, Taf. 77: 647, 650, 677, I c. AD),
Gaul (Bailey 1988, Pl. 3: Q1569, first half of II c.
Fig. 7. Lamps with no ornamentation on the discus
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AD). The slip covering of our sample is brown and
badly preserved, as in Asia Minor lamps.
Two lamps without ornamentation, but with
several raised points near the nozzle are placed in
this group (fig. 7, 5—6). They are alike samples
with grooves, though the ornamentation is not
preserved. However, the shape of a “pear” with
long nozzles, raised points near nozzles and wide
handles can evidence to the fact that they should
probably be added to the group with “grooves”
ornamentation with the dating second quarter of
III — end of IV c. AD. As to their red slip covering
and thick clay with no visual admixtures it is
believed that their origin is not the Northern Black
Sea Region. The one lamp with thick slip covering
and one raised point near nozzle has not found
analogies yet, though its clay is similar to Italian
workshops (fig. 7, 4).
A few lamps of this group have not been
preserved completely, namely the discus pictures
that make them very hard for identification (fig. 7,
7—9). The ornamentation around the discus with
ovolos and leaves is very common for Roman
lamps. Their heart-shaped nozzles can tell that the
date is not earlier than the second half of I—II c.
AD. The covering and clay is probably of Italian
or Asia Minor manufacture. The one example
with such lanceolate leaves ornamentation around
the discus, similar to our (fig. 7, 8) is found at
Cosa (Fitch, Goldman 1994, cat. No. 826, 50—
100 AD).
One lamp has a definite Olbian manufacture
(fig. 7, 10). There are several dozens of such lamps
found in other sectors of Olbia, but of Hellenistic
time, due to their semi-closed shape. These lamps
are believed to be made with other kitchen wares,
as they have the exact clay with big fragments of
sand, and sometimes lime, and rough surface. The
analogy for this lamp hasn’t been found yet, but its
shape is common for the first centuries AD.
The terracotta lamp in the shape of a drama
actor (fig. 7, 11) is very rare in ancient world and
the closest analogy, but without volutes was found
at Delos with the dating of I c. AD (Bruneau 1965,
Pl. 36: 4766).
Two unique samples in the collection are
presented by two lamps. The first one is a fragment
of a several-lamp lighting device that were
connected with each other by a special stand (fig. 7,
12). The second lamp has a 4-petal rosette in front
of the nozzle and grooves on raised volutes on the
sides of it (fig. 7, 13). The shapes of both closed
lamps evidence on the Roman period of the lamp
manufacture. As to the clay and slip covering it
probably can be Asia Minor centers. Unfortunately,
there haven’t been found analogies yet.
A rosette of twenty petals swirling counter
clockwise on the discus of a fragmented lamp (fig. 7,
Fig. 8. Various pictures on the discus
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14) is found at Cosa with rather narrow date — 20—
45 AD (Fitch, Goldman 1994, Pl. 1: 512). However,
our sample is twice bigger in diameter and is made
of local Olbian clay.
Various pictures on the discus. There are lots of
various pictures on the discuses of Roman lamps
that are presented in the collection. For instance,
two identical lamps with a bust of a human, probably
a man (fig. 8, 1—2), that have an analogy in Central
Italy with the dating 175—250 AD (Bémont, Chew
2007, cat. N o. IT70). The authors note that the
bust owner can be goddess Diana (Bémont, Chew
2007, p. 194). The clay with no impurities and the
slip covering confirm their imported manufacture,
though the lamps have wrong inexact shapes.
Another lamp with a figure of a man (fig. 8, 3)
has similar analogy among Knidos/Ephesos lamps
(Bruneau 1965, Pl. 28: 4570), however the latter
is preserved with a triangular shape of the nozzle,
therefore the dating by the end of I c. AD is rather
early for our sample. The horn of plenty on the
discus (fig. 8, 4) has an Ephesus origin (Bailey
1988, Pl. 102: Q3064, Trajanic-Antonine time).
Another two identical pictures presented on
the discuses with a man (fig. 8, 5—6) have the only
analogy that comes from Fragonisi cemetery near
Olympia and are dated back to the II—III c. AD.
A small fragment of the discus with a Satyr
holding a hand of a small woman figure (fig. 8, 7) is
a unique one, because as usual Satyr in this posture
is pictured with a goat: Cyprus (Bailey 1988, Pl. 69:
Q2554, 175—250 A D); Corinth (Bruneau 1977,
Fig. 37 et 38, cat. No. 73). The head of a Satyr on
the discus (fig. 9, 4) has a wide dating — the end
of I — the beginning of III c. AD (Heres 1972,
Taf. 40: 363). In Merida museum collection it is
also presented with the dating — the beginning of
I — beginning of II c. AD (Rodrigues 2002, fig. IV:
47).
A small fragment preserved with two erotes
(fig. 8, 8) has an analogy from Vaudreuil (Eure)
in modern France with a wide dating of the
mid I — mid III c. A D (Bémont, Chew 2007,
cat. No. OI24). However, our fragment due to the
clay and gray slip covering is more common for
Ephesus manufacture.
Various pictures with animals, except eagles that
were mentioned in another group, are presented
in the collection too. There are: cock, bull and
wading-bird. Three lamps with cock (fig. 9, 1—3)
with various clay and slip covering have analogies
in Cyzicus (?) (Bailey 1988, Pl. 122: Q3297, first
half of II c. AD), Syria/Palestine (Rosenthal, Sivan
1978, cat. No. 363—364, III c. AD) with the same
Fig. 9. Various pictures on the discus
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clay as our examples. The first sample (fig. 9, 1) has
a really worn-out picture and by the clay admixtures
is believed to be of an Italian origin. One of the
lamps (fig. 9, 3) has got an inscription on the base
that is badly preserved.
Two lamps with the bull (fig. 9, 5—6) are of
different origin too. The first one (fig. 9, 5) has a
Corinthian provenance, because of the clay and
was published earlier (Шейко 2017, с. 120). An
identical lamp with a picture of a bull and vertical
sigmas along the edge was published in the catalog
of O.F. Valdgauer, where the author dates it back
to III—IV c. AD (Вальдгауер 1914, cat. No 491).
There is a similar lamp in the collection of an
archaeological museum of Belgrade (Кузманов
1992, cat. No 187). In addition, the last lamp has
an image of ivy leaves, as in our case. The image of
ivy on the bottom is also on a lamp coming from
Kerch, and it is dated to IV c. A D (Вальдгауер
1914, cat. No 441). A lamp with a picture of a bull
and vertical sigmas along the edge is also available in
the Corinthian catalogue (Broneer 1930, Pl. XXIX:
1241), but the author does not mention its dating.
It should be noted that the image of the bull on
the discus is quite common in the ancient world,
for example, on a lamp from Hannover, the bull
is depicted with a turned head to the right side.
The item is of Italian origin due to its red clay and
red slip covering and is dated by the author to the
beginning of I c. AD, namely, to 20 AD (Młasowsky
1993, cat. No 240). We have the same lamp in our
collection (fig. 9, 6). In addition, several analogies
originate from Asia Minor (Heres 1972, Taf. 43:
391, second half of I c. AD), Vindonissa (Loeschke
1919, Taf. XII: 499—500, second half of II c. AD),
Kerch and Chersonese (Вальдгауер 1914, cat. No
319, 368), and Belbek IV necropolis (Chrzanovski,
Zhuravlev 1998, cat. No 38, burial 131, end of I —
the beginning of II c. AD).
The lamp fragment with a wading-bird (fig. 9,
7) finds analogies in Merida museum collection
(Rodrigues 2002, fig. XVII: 250, beginning of I —
beginning of II c. AD), Ephesus (Bailey 1988,
Pl. 102: Q3061, Trajanic-Antonine time). However,
our lamp fragment has thick red slip covering with
golden mica impurities in clay, so Italian production
can be assumed.
Two small fragments of lamps in the collection
have erotic scenes (fig. 9, 8—9). The first fragment
preserved contains two figures of a woman and a
man (fig. 9, 8), the analogy for which was found
in Carthage with the dating of I c. AD (Loeschke
1919, cat. N o 488, 619, 682). The second one
(fig. 9, 9) shows a woman and a horse and is made
of Corinthian clay, the analogy for which was found
namely at the Athenian Agora (Bruneau 1977,
cat. N o 229) with the same date as the previous
fragment.
The picture with an amphora on the discus
preserved not completely (fig. 10, 2). It has a lot of
analogies among the ancient world centers: Histria
(Alexandrescu 1966, Pl. 79: 30.15, mound 30, mid
I c. AD), Samothrace necropolis (Rosental, Sivan
1978, cat. No W9-1, 75—100 AD), Athenian Agora
(Perzlweig 1961, Pl. 6: 172, second half of I c. AD),
where the picture is described as: “garlanded wine
amphora with tip set in flat base and forked stick
to brace it”. Similar lamp was also found at the
Bosporan Kingdom as a local imitation to Italian
sample with the date of III c. AD (Вальдгауер
Fig. 10. Various pictures on the discus
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1914, cat. No 340). This lamp has a signature “T”
on the base that can be dated by the 100—200 AD
(Rodrigues 2002, fig. XXV: 60—61, p. 177—178).
A fragment of a lamp with a very “worn-out”
picture can be Isis (?) (fig. 10, 3), however there
are other versions: “a priest in front of an altar”
(Крунић 2011, cat. No 37, p. 359, second half —
end of II c. AD); “Bacchic scene: goatherd carrying
a goat and looking back at child riding goat”
(Bailey 1988, Gaul, Pl. 2: Q1514, 30—100 AD). As
we can see the picture is too damaged to recognize
it perfectly, so the interpretations can be various.
Our sample has a brown thick slip covering with
gray clay that probably can evidence its Egyptian
origin. The dating of this fragment due to the shape
of the nozzle is no earlier than the second half of
I—II c. AD.
Two lamps from our collection of this group
haven’t found analogies yet. The first one (fig. 8,
9) is preserved only by a fragment of a vertical
handle a small piece of the rim with the leaves
ornamentation. It has got red slip covering and
orange clay with no visual impurities. Probable
place of manufacture can be Italy. The second one
(fig. 10, 1) is a small fragment of the discus with
a picture of a dancing woman is made of a local
Olbian gray clay with sand and lime particles. Both
of them, according to the shape can be dated by
I—II c. AD.
Lamps, which are stored in the funds of the
National Museum of History of Ukraine, represent
an extremely valuable collection of Roman period.
Given the wide chronological range, these lamps
provide an opportunity to trace the main centres
of imports and the share of local production of the
very late stage of Olbia’s existence, which is still the
least studied. The share of locally produced lamps
of the first centuries of our era, originating from the
excavations of the “Lower City” sector, is 30 %.
The rest — imports from Italy, Asia Minor, Corinth
and other ancient centres.
Catalogue
1. O-35/521/Б2/533 (Fig. 1, 1). Handmade lamp fragment on
a stand. The lower part of the stand is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 8,2 cm; D — 7,5 cm; D (base) —
3,5 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with sand and lime; the surface is
smooth.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate No 6.
Dating: mid I — mid III c. AD.
2. O-35/4301/Б2/532 (Fig. 1, 2). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 6,5 cm; D — 5,5 cm; D (base) —
4,2 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with sand and lime; the surface is
smooth.
Context of the find: Unknown.
Dating: mid I — mid III c. AD.
3. O-36/347/ Б3/1097 (Fig. 1, 3). Handmade lamp fragment.
Vertical handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 4,3 cm, D — 2,6 cm, L — 10,1 cm.
Clay and covering: Admixtures of lime and sand. Rough
surface.
Context of the find: “И” sector, chance find.
Dating: mid I—IV c. AD.
4. O-40/1684/Б7/88 (Fig. 1, 4). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,3 cm; L — 9,5 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with impurities of sand and lime.
Rough surface.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: first centuries AD.
5. O-38/1129 (Fig. 2, 1). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,5 cm; L — 10,8 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with impurities of sand and lime.
Rough surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 33—
34(east), clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,50 m.
Dating: second half of I — mid III c. AD.
6. O-38/3342/Б5/100 (Fig. 2, 2). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,5 cm; L — 10,8 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with lime and sand. Rough
surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 45, near
kiln at the south-western corner of the quadrate No 45.
Dating: second half of I — mid III c. AD.
7. O-36/2767/Б3/1090 (Fig. 2, 3). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,0 cm; L — 6,7 cm.
Clay and covering: Admixtures of lime and sand. Smooth
surface, covered with engobe.
Context of the find: “ИN” sector, quadrate XVIII, masonry
No. 152 cleaning.
Dating: first centuries AD.
8. O-38/1715/Б5/839 (Fig. 2, 4). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 5,5 cm; L — 14,0 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with sand and lime fragments.
Rough surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 26 and
36, gray-clayish layer, depth: 2,15—2,60 m.
Dating: second half of I c. — mid III c. AD.
9. O-39/1226/Б6/411 (Fig. 2, 5). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 4,3 cm; L — 16,3 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with sand and lime fragments.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, along the western
border of the site, gray-clayish layer, depth: 2,40—2,70 m.
Dating: second half of I c. — mid III c. AD.
10. O-38/3655/Б5/98 (Fig. 3, 1). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,7 cm; L — 11,2 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with impurities of sand and lime.
Smooth surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 35, room
No 6, clayish-ashy layer, depth: 2,60—3,10 m.
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Dating: second half of I c. — mid III c. AD.
11. O-39/1208/Б6/99 (Fig. 3, 2). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 4,7 cm; L — 10,4 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with impurities of sand and lime.
Rough surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 55, room
in the south-eastern part of the quadrate, gray-clayish layer,
depth: 2,20—2,50 m.
Dating: second half of I c. — mid III c. AD.
12. O-35/1811/Б2/799 (Fig. 3, 3). Handmade complete lamp.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,5 cm; D — 5,2 cm; L — 7,5 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with impurities of sand and lime.
Rough surface.
Context of the find: “И” sector, quadrate 78.
Dating: mid I — mid III c. AD.
13. O-38/3384/Б5/99 (Fig. 3, 4). Handmade lamp fragment.
Vertical handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 2,7 cm; L — 9,0 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with impurities of sand and lime.
Rough surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 42,
south-western corner between masonries “y” and “п”, clayish
layer, depth: 1,60—2,00 m.
Dating: second half of I c. — mid III c. AD.
14. O -38/1469/Б5/1063 (Fig. 3, 5). Handmade fragment of
the lamp. Parts of the nozzle and handle are absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,1 cm; L — 7,8 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with fragments of lime and sand.
Smooth surface.
Context of the find: Unknown.
Dating: first centuries AD.
15. O-39/2498/Б6/103 (Fig. 3, 6). Handmade lamp fragment.
Part of a handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,4 m; L — 7,3 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with fragments of lime and sand.
Smooth surface.
Context of the find: Unknown.
Dating: second half of I — mid III c. AD.
16. O-38/1793/Б5/841 (Fig. 3, 7). Handmade lamp fragment.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 3,4 cm; L — 8,7 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with sand and lime impurities;
rough surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 45,
yellow-clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,45 m.
Dating: first centuries AD.
17. O-37/1056/Б4/455 (Fig. 3, 8). Handmade lamp fragment.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 4,4 cm; D — 6,5 cm; D (base) —
4,0 cm; L — 8,7 cm.
Clay and covering: clay with sand and lime impurities;
rough surface.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 13—14,
yellow-clayish layer, depth: 0,20 m.
Dating: first centuries AD.
18. O -40/ 1339/Б7/39 (Fig. 4, 1). Molded lamp fragment.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 2,5 cm; D — 6,5 cm; D (base) —
3,0 cm.
Clay and covering: yellowish-brown clay with impurities of
lime, sand and lots of golden mica; red paint covering badly
preserved.
Décor: two gladiators in combat.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 54
(west), clayish-ashy layer, depth: 3,30 m.
Dating: 40 AD — second half of II c. AD.
19. O -38/4488/Б5/1065 (Fig. 4, 2). Molded lamp fragment.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 2,8 cm; D — 6,5 cm; D (base) —
3,2 cm.
Clay and covering: yellowish-brown clay with impurities of
lime, sand and lots of golden mica; red paint covering badly
preserved.
Décor: two gladiators in combat.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 25, room
No 4, ashy-clayish layer, depth: 2,4—2,60 m.
Dating: 40 AD — second half of II c. AD.
20. O -38/1220/Б5/1080 (Fig. 4, 3). Molded lamp fragment.
Half of a lamp with vertical handle is preserved.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,2 cm; H — 2,2 cm; D —
7,5 cm; D (base) — 4,3. Handle — 1,5 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: thin-walled; orange clay with golden
mica; red slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: two gladiators in combat.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 35
(north) — 36, yellow-clayish layer, depth: 1,25 m.
Dating: 40 AD — second half of II c. AD.
21. O-36/2043/ Б3/1094 (Fig. 4, 4).
Molded lamp fragment.
Place of production: Italy (?).
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,0 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
5,8 cm; D (base) — 2,5 cm. Handle — 1,8 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: thick orange clay with small fragments
of lime; red slip covering.
Décor: a warrior, wearing a helmet (?), a row of ovolos
around the discus.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 15,
depth: 0,5 m.
Dating: mid I — beginning of II c. AD.
22. Ол-36/2323/Б3/116 (Fig. 4, 5). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,5 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
6,3 cm; D (base) — 3,6 cm. Handle — 1,0 × 0,9 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime and
golden mica; solidly covered with red slip.
Décor: eagle in the sitting position on a stand on the discus
with his head turned to the right; wings are folded; ivy leaves
near the heart-shaped nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 16,
clayish layer of the room Б.
Dating: II — III c. AD.
23. O -36/2124/Б3/399 (Fig. 4, 6). Molded fragment of the
discus.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: D — 6,0 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with small particles of lime;
red slip covering.
Décor: a warrior (?).
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 1—2,
ashy-clayish layer, cleaning of the sector, depth: 2,75 m.
Dating: mid I — beginning of II c. AD.
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24. Ол-38/?/Б5/416 (Fig. 4, 7). Molded fragment of the lamp.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H — 2,7 cm; D — 5,8 cm; D (base) —
3,2 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime and
golden mica; solidly covered with red slip.
Décor: eagle in the sitting position on a stand on the discus
with his head turned to the right; wings are folded.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector.
Dating: II — III c. AD.
25. Ол-39/200 (Fig. 4, 8). Molded discus fragment.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: L — 4,2 cm; D — 6,0 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of golden
mica; red slip covering.
Décor: warrior equipment; volutes on the sides of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector.
Dating: second half of II c. AD.
26. O-38/1750/Б5/93 (Fig. 5, 1). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,8 cm; H — 2,8 cm; D —
5,8 cm; D (base) — 2,8 cm. Handle — 7,7 cm.
Clay and covering: yellow-green clay with impurities of
lime; reddish-brown paint covering.
Décor: grooves on the rim.
Base decoration: rosette.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 45,
yellow-clayish layer, depth: 1,00 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
27. O-38/2346/Б5/1041 (Fig. 5, 2). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,8 cm; D —
5,2 cm; D (base) — 2,4 cm. Handle — 1,8 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: light-orange clay with impurities of
lime; red paint covering.
Base decoration: rosette.
Décor: grooves on the rim; one raised point in front of the
nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city of Farmakovskyi” sector,
area between south room to the west from the house and the
wall of the 1937 site 5th layer.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
28. O-37/1850/Б4/ 464 (Fig. 5, 3). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
5,4 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 2,0 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
red slip covering.
Décor: grooves around the rim; raised stripe in front of the
nozzle.
Base decoration: rosette.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 16—26,
yellow-clayish layer, room No IV, depth: 1,70 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
29. O-39/1373 (Fig. 5, 4). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
5,4 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 2,0 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
red slip covering.
Décor: grooves around the rim; raised stripe in front of the
nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 54—
53(north), gray-clayish layer with yellow tone, depth: 1,65—
1,75 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
30. O -36/2159/Б3/117 (Fig. 5, 5). Molded fragment of the
lamp. Vertical handle is absent.
Place of production: Black Sea Region (?).
Measurements: H — 2,5 cm; D — 5,6 cm; D (base) —
3,0 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of silver
mica; solidly covered with red slip.
Décor: shoulders are decorated with grooves and rims,
all starting from the discus rim; raised point in front of the
nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 1—2,
clayish layer, depth: 3,01 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
31. O-38/4171/Б5/86 (Fig. 5, 6). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region (?).
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,7 cm; H — 2,0 cm; D —
5,5 cm; D (base) — 2,5 cm. Handle — 1,8 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
red slip covering.
Décor: shoulders are decorated with grooves and rims, all
starting from the discus rim; two raised points in front of the
nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 26,
clayish-ashy layer, room No.4, depth: 1,50—2,40 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
32. O-39/968/Б2/824 (Fig. 5, 7). Molded lamp fragment. Part
of a nozzle is absent.
Place of production: Black Sea Region.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,0 cm; H — 1,9 cm; D —
5,5 cm; D (base) — 2,6 cm. Handle — 1,6 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime;
thick red slip covering.
Décor: grooves on the rim.
Context of the find: “A” sector, quadrates 105—106 (south),
clayish-refuse layer, depth: 2,85—2,90 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
33. O-38/1425/Б5/1083 (Fig. 5, 8). Molded lamp fragment.
Upper part with a handle preserved.
Place of production: Black Sea Region ?
Measurements: H (handle) — 2,8 cm; H — 1,3 cm; D —
5,0 cm. Handle — 1,4 × 0,6 cm.
Clay and covering: yellow clay with lime.
Décor: grooves on the rim and cannelure on the handle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 33—34
(west), clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,40—1,80 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
34. O-37/62/ Б5402 (Fig. 6, 1). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Asia Minor (?).
Measurements: H (handle) — 5,5 cm; H — 3,8 cm; L —
12,0 cm; D (base) — 4,0 cm. Handle — 0,8 × 0,6 cm.
Clay and covering: light-brown clay with no visual
impurities; solidly covered with brown slip.
Décor: 5 rows of raised points round the rim; small volutes
in front of the nozzle; two grooves on the handle.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: second half of I — the beginning of II c. AD.
35. O-35/961 (Fig. 6, 2). Molded fragment of the lamp. Nozzle
is absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor (?).
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,5 cm; H — 3,2 cm; D
(base) — 3,0 cm; L — 7,2 cm. Handle — 0,4 × 0,3 cm.
Clay and covering: light-brown clay with no visual
impurities; solidly covered with brown slip.
Décor: 3 rows of raised points round the rim; small volutes
in front of the nozzle.
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Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrat No 1.
Dating: second half of I — the beginning of II c. AD.
36. O -38/1626/Б5/1067 (Fig. 6, 3). Molded lamp fragment.
Nozzle is absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,3 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
5,8 cm; D (base) — 2,8 cm. Handle — 1,1 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: thin-walled; light-orange clay with
impurities of lime; reddish-brown slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: two rows of raised dots around the rim; two
cannelures on the handle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 44,
clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,10 m.
Dating: end of II—III c. AD.
37. O -38/1813/Б5/1066 (Fig. 6, 4). Molded lamp fragment.
Part of the discus is absent.
Place of production: Sicily.
Measurements: H — 3,2 cm; D — 6,2 cm; D (base) —
2,8 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with lime and silver mica;
red slip covering.
Décor: 4-petal rosette on the discus with two rows of raised
dots around the rim. Two cannelures on the handle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 45,
clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,75 m.
Dating: second half of II — III c. AD.
38. O-39/1575 (Fig. 6, 5). Molded lamp fragment. Parts of the
discus and base are absent.
Place of production: Sicily.
Measurements: H — 3,2 cm; D — 6,2 cm; D (base) —
2,8 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with lime and silver mica;
red slip covering.
Décor: three rows of raised dots around the rim; two
cannelures on the handle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, pit-well No 12,
gray-clayish layer, depth: 3,70 m.
Dating: end of I — 225 AD.
39. O -40/1348/Б7/38 (Fig. 6, 6). Molded lamp fragment.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: local Rome fabric.
Measurements: H — 3,2 cm; D — 6,2 cm; D (base) —
2,8 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities.
Décor: three rows of raised points around the rim.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 54
(west), clayish-ashy layer, depth: 3,30 m.
Dating: III c. AD.
40. O -38/1605/Б5/1072 (Fig. 6, 7). Molded fragment of the
lamp. The vertical handle is absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle base) — 2,8 cm; H — 2,4 cm;
D — 5,5 cm; D (base) — 3,2 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of golden
mica; red slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: rosette.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 42—
43—44, gray-clayish layer, depth: 0,75—1,00 m.
Dating: second half of II—III c. AD.
41. O-38/2181/Б5/83 (Fig. 6, 8). Molded fragment of lamp.
Handle is absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H — 2,5 cm; D — 5,5 cm; D (base) —
3,0 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime and
golden mica; red slip badly preserved covering.
Décor: rosette.
Context of the find: “Lower city of Farmakovskyi” sector,
Lower area to the south-west from the house of 1911 site.
Dating: second half of II—III c. AD.
42. O-40/1313/Б7/40 (Fig. 6, 9). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,2 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
6,0 cm; D (base) — 3,7 cm. Handle — 0,6 × 0,6 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with lime impurities; red
slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: 16-petal rosette.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 54
(west), clayish-ashy layer, depth: 3,00 m.
Dating: second half of the II c. AD.
43. O-38/1053/Б5/1085 (Fig. 6, 10). Molded fragment of the
lamp. Lower part and the nozzle are absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 1,8 cm; D —
5,0 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime; red
slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: 13-petal rosette at the discus and ornamentation
with leaves around it.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector.
Dating: III c. AD.
44. O -40/1463/Б7/46 (Fig. 6, 11). Molded lamp fragment.
Half of the lamp is preserved.
Place of production: unknown.
Measurements: H (handle) — 5,0 cm; H — 3,0 cm; D —
7,0 cm; D (base) — 3,5 cm. Handle — 1,4 × 0,8 cm.
Clay and covering: orange-pinkish clay with golden and
purple mica; red slip covering.
Décor: shell on the discus and a row of ovolos and raised
points around it.
Base decoration: rosette.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 43
(south-west) — 53 (south), refuse layer, depth: 1,55—1,75 m.
Dating: second half of II — the beginning of III c. AD.
45. O-38/1776/Б5/1073 (Fig. 6, 12). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,0 cm; H — 2,6 cm; D —
5,8 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 1,8 × 0,6 cm.
Clay and covering: yellowish-brown clay; golden mica and
lime; red slip badly preserved covering.
Décor: rosette; cannelure on the handle; rectangles on
both sides of the rim.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 45,
yellow-clayish layer, depth: 1,10 m.
Dating: second half of II—III c. AD.
46. O -40/1338/Б7/43 (Fig. 6, 13). Molded fragment of the
lamp. Part of the discus and handle are absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H — 2,5 cm; D — 5,5 cm; D (base) —
3,0 cm.
Clay and covering: pinkish-brown clay with impurities of
lime and silver mica; red slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: 6-petal rosette; a row of ovolos around the rim.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 54
(west), clayish-ashy layer, depth: 3,30 m.
Dating: second half of II—III c. AD.
47. O-38/1814/Б5/2857 (Fig. 6, 14). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Italy (?).
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,6 cm; H — 3,0 cm; D —
8,2 cm; D (base) — 4,5 cm. Handle — 1,4 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime; red
slip covering.
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Décor: rosette on the discus; a row of grooves around the
discus; dots around the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 45,
clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,75 m.
Dating: second half of II—III c. AD.
48. O-38/1221/Б5/1069 (Fig. 7, 1). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,3 cm; H — 3,0 cm;
D — 5,0 cm; L — 9,3 cm; L (base) — 3,8 cm. Handle —
0,8 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with lime and golden mica;
thick red slip covering.
Décor: volutes on the sides of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 35
(north) — 36, yellow-clayish layer, depth: 1,25 m.
Dating: I c. — first half of II c. AD.
49. O-39/1249/Б6/82 (Fig. 7, 2). Molded lamp fragment. Part
of a nozzle is absent.
Place of production: Italy/Gaul.
Measurements: H (handle base) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,2 cm;
D — 6,2 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 1,2 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with small fragments of
lime; red slip covering.
Décor: a row of ovolos on the rim.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: first half of I c. AD — 100 AD.
50. O -38/1552/Б5/1078 (Fig. 7, 3). Molded lamp fragment.
Part of a handle is absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H — 3,2 cm; D — 6,8 cm; D (base) —
3,8 cm.
Clay and covering: light-brown clay with impurities of lime;
brown slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: no decoration. Air hole in front of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 35
(west), room No. 6 in the northern part of the quadrate, depth:
1,10 m.
Dating: mid I — mid II c. AD.
51. O -38/1321/Б5/1077 (Fig. 7, 4). Molded lamp fragment.
Vertical handle is absent.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: H — 2,7 cm; D — 5,5 cm; D (base) —
2,4 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of golden
mica and lime; thick red slip covering.
Décor: one raised point in front of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 35
(north) — 36, room between No 1 and No 2 floor, depth:
1,80 m.
Dating: mid II—III c. AD.
52. O-37/1580/Б4/462 (Fig. 7, 5). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region?
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,6 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
5,2 cm; D (base) — 2,3 cm. Handle — 1,6 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
red slip covering.
Décor: three raised points in front of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate No 23,
yellow-clayish layer, depth: 1,35—1,70 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
53. O-35/723/Б2/2716 (Fig. 7, 6). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Black Sea Region (?).
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,0 cm; D —
5,2 cm; D (base) — 2,5 cm. Handle — 1,8 × 0,6 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
red slip covering.
Décor: one raised point in front of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate No 6,
layer No 2, depth: 1,4 m.
Dating: second quarter of III — end of IV c. AD.
54. O -40/1462/Б7/41 (Fig. 7, 7). Molded lamp fragment.
Discus is partly absent and the handle too.
Place of production: Asia Minor (?)
Measurements: H — 2,6 cm; D — 6,0 cm; D (base) —
3,8 cm.
Clay and covering: pink clay with silver mica; red slip
covering.
Décor: two leaves in front of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 43
(south-west) — 53 (south), refuse layer, depth: 1,55—1,75 m.
Dating: second half of I c. — II c. AD.
55. O-36/2349/ Б3/1093 (Fig. 7, 8). Molded fragment of the
lamp.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4, 7 cm, H — 2,8 cm, D —
6,5 cm, D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 1,0 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime and
silver mica; red slip covering.
Décor: lanceolate leaves ornamentation around the discus.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, south part of
quadrate 16, clayish layer, depth: 2,03 m.
Dating: 50—100 AD.
56. O -36/1740/Б3/111 (Fig. 7, 9). Molded fragment of the
lamp. Parts of the nozzle and discus are absent.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
6,2 cm; D (base) — 2,8 cm. Handle — 1,2 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
solidly covered with red slip.
Décor: picture on the discus is not well preserved; small
ovolos round the discus.
Signature on the base: CTπα […]NIOY.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 16, room
Б, depth: 1,5 m.
Dating: second half of I c. — II c. AD.
57. O-39/1495/Б6/388 (Fig. 7, 10). Handmade lamp fragment.
Handle and part of the nozzle are absent.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H (handle base) — 2,5 cm; H — 1,7 cm;
D — 6,2 cm; D (reservoir) — 4,3 cm; D (base) — 2,2 cm.
Clay and covering: Clay includes sand and lime. Rough
surface.
Décor: no decoration.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 54—
53 (north), gray-clayish layer with yellow tone, depth: 2,40—
3,20 m.
Dating: first centuries AD.
58. O -40/1001/Б7/49 (Fig. 7, 11). Molded lamp fragment.
Part of the nozzle and discus are absent.
Place of production: Delos?
Measurements: H (handle) — 5,0 cm; H — 3,0 cm; L
(base) — 4,5 cm; L — 11,8 cm.
Clay and covering: thin-walled; orange-brown clay with
golden mica and lime; brown slip covering.
Décor: terracotta lamp in the shape of a drama actor; the
handle is in the shape of a palmette.
Context of the find: Lower city” sector, quadrat 54, collapse
of the border, in the room with mosaic floor.
Dating: I c. AD.
59. O -40/1124/Б7/50 (Fig. 7, 12). Molded lamp fragment.
Half of a several-lamp device is preserved.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
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Measurements: H — 7,2 cm; D — 4,8 cm.
Clay and covering: light-yellow clay with lime impurities;
red slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: grooves on the rim, garrote ornamentation around
the reservoir.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: first centuries AD.
60. O -36/2790/Б3/118 (Fig. 7, 13). Molded fragment of the
lamp. Vertical handle is absent.
Place of production: Attica centers (?)
Measurements: H — 2,0 cm; D — 5,2 cm; D (base) —
2,6 cm.
Clay and covering: light-orange clay with no visual
impurities; solidly covered with red slip.
Décor: round 4-petal rosette in front of the nozzle; grooves
on raised volutes on the sides of the nozzle.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: first centuries AD.
61. O-38/1078/Б5/1091 (Fig. 7, 14). Molded fragment of the
discus with a part of the body and base.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: H — 4,0 cm; D — 8,5 cm; D (base) —
5,0 cm.
Clay and covering: very thick-walled; yellow-green clay
with impurities of lime.
Décor: rosette of twenty petals swirling counterclockwise
on the discus.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector.
Dating: 20—45 AD.
62. O-38/4207/Б5/2859 (Fig. 8, 1). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Central Italy.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,5 cm; H — 2,0 cm; D —
5,5 cm; D (base) — 2,7 cm. Handle — 1,7 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime and
golden mica; reddish-brown slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: a bust of a man, or goddess Diana (?).
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 35 and
45, control post No 2, clayish-ashy layer, depth: 1,50—3,35 m.
Dating: 175—250 AD.
63. O-38/2163/Б5/2858 (Fig. 8, 2). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Central Italy.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,0 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
6,2 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 1,5 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime and
golden mica; reddish-brown slip covering badly preserved.
Décor: a bust of a man, or goddess Diana (?).
Context of the find: “Lower city of Farmakovskyi” sector,
Lower area of the Western border of the site.
Dating: 175—250 AD.
64. O-35/1662/Б2/657 (Fig. 8, 3). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,4 cm; H — 2,7 cm; D —
6,8 cm; D (base) — 4,8 cm. Handle — 1,3 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: light-orange clay with impurities of
small golden mica and lime; Red thick slip.
Décor: Ivy leaves round the discus.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: end of I c. AD.
65. O-35/220/Б2/2404a (Fig. 8, 4). Molded discus fragment.
Place of production: Ephesus.
Measurements: D — 5,5 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of lime;
thick red slip covering.
Décor: horn of plenty.
Context of the find: unknown.
Dating: Trajanic-Antonine time.
66. O-37/1218/Б4/974 (Fig. 8, 5). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Olympia.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,2 cm; H — 2,6 cm; D —
6,2 cm; D (base) — 2,6 cm. Handle — 1,5 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: Orange clay with no visual impurities;
solidly covered with light-brown slip.
Décor: a man with various attributes.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 13,
yellow-clayish layer, depth: 1,65—1,80 m.
Dating: II—III c. AD.
67. O-37/1260/Б4/477 (Fig. 8, 6). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Olympia.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,0 cm; H — 2,8 cm; D —
7,0 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 1,4 × 0,4 cm.
Clay and covering: Orange clay with golden mica; solidly
covered with light-brown slip.
Décor: a man with various attributes.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 16(west),
gray-clayish layer, room “Ш”, depth: 1,20 m.
Dating: II—III c. AD.
68. O-40/1426/Б7/47 (Fig. 8, 7). Molded lamp fragment. Half
of the lamp is preserved.
Place of production: Italy?
Measurements: H — 2,8 cm; D — 7,0 cm.
Clay and covering: thick-walled; orange clay with impurities
of lime.
Décor: Satyr holding a hand of a small woman figure.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 54
(south-west), depth: 1,90—3,90 m.
Dating: 175—250 AD.
69. O-37/887/Б4/150 (Fig. 8, 8). Molded fragment of the lamp
discus.
Place of production: Ephesus.
Measurements: D — 7,0 cm.
Clay and covering: gray clay with silver mica; gray slip
covering.
Décor: two erotes.
Context of the find: “И” sector, quadrates 149, 161, humous
layer with a depth of 0,20 m, near northern-eastern point.
Dating: mid I — mid III c. AD.
70. O -38/?/Б5/1088 (Fig. 8, 9). Molded fragment of the
handle.
Place of production: Italy?
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
very thin-walled; red thick slip covering.
Décor: ornamentation with leaves; two cannelures on the
handle.
Context of the find: Unknown.
Dating: I—II c. AD.
71. O-38/2164/Б5/85 (Fig. 9, 1). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Italy?
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,3 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
6,0 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 1,4 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with silver mica and lime;
traces of badly preserved red slip covering.
Décor: cock.
Context of the find: “Lower city of Farmakovskyi” sector,
lower area of the site western border.
Dating: first half of II—III c. AD.
72. O -38/1570/Б5/1074 (Fig. 9, 2). Molded lamp fragment.
Parts of a handle and discus are absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H — 2,8 cm; D — 6,0 cm; D (base) —
3,0 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with silver mica and lime;
brownish-red slip covering badly preserved.
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Décor: cock.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 45—46
(south), clayish layer, depth: 0,75 m.
Dating: first half of II—III c. AD.
73. O -38/2205/Б5/89 (Fig. 9, 3). Molded fragment of the
lamp. Handle and part of the nozzle are absent.
Place of production: Italy?
Measurements: H (handle base) — 3,0 cm; H — 2,5 cm;
D — 5,6 cm; D (base) — 3,2 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with no visual impurities;
red slip covering.
Signature: badly preserved.
Décor: cock.
Context of the find: “Lower city of Farmakovskyi” sector,
Lower area to the south-west from the house of 1911 site.
Dating: first half of II—III c. AD.
74. O-35/700/Б2/823 (Fig. 9, 4). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Asia Minor (?)
Measurements: H (handle) — 3,7 cm; H — 2,5 cm; D —
5,8 cm; D (base) — 2,4 cm. Handle — 1,1 × 0,5 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with lime; red slip covering
badly preserved.
Décor: Satyr.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate No 3.
Dating: beginning of I — beginning of II c. AD.
75. O-40/1380/Б7/44 (Fig. 9, 5). Molded complete lamp.
Place of production: Corinth.
Measurements: H (handle) — 4,6 cm; H — 3,3 cm; D —
7,8 cm; D (base) — 3,0 cm. Handle — 0,7 × 0,7 cm.
Clay and covering: Thick-walled; light-yellow clay with
lime impurities and black fragments.
Décor: bull on the discus; a row of horizontal Sirmas
around the rim; two rectangular on the sides of the rim; two
cannelures on the handle.
Signature: E (ivy leaf) Y.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 53
(south), 43 (south-west), depth: 0,4—0,75 m.
Dating: III—IV c. AD.
76. O -38/2468/Б5/1043 (Fig. 9, 6). Molded lamp fragment.
Part of the nozzle and rims are absent.
Place of production: Asia Minor.
Measurements: H (handle base) — 3,4 cm; H — 2,5 cm;
D — 6,2 cm; D (base) — 2,8 cm.
Clay and covering: reddish-orange clay with impurities of
lime and silver mica. Walls are very thin; red slip badly preserved
covering.
Décor: bull on the discus; a row of ovolos on the rim.
Context of the find: “Lower city of Farmakovskyi” sector,
Upper area along the western border of the site, ashy layer.
Dating: beginning of I — beginning of II c. AD.
77. О-38/1845/Б5/1081 (Fig. 9, 7). Molded lamp fragment of
the discus.
Place of production: Italy.
Measurements: D — 5,8 cm.
Clay and covering: orange clay with impurities of golden
mica and lime; red slip thick covering.
Décor: wading-bird.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 43,
ancient lateral ditch, depth: 1,50—1,90 m.
Dating: beginning of I — beginning of II c. AD.
78. O -37/1297/Б4/975 (Fig. 9, 8). Molded fragment of the
discus.
Place of production: Carthage (?).
Measurements: H — 2,4 cm; D — 6,0 cm; L — 7,4 cm.
Clay and covering: grayish-brown clay with silver mica;
brown slip covering.
Décor: erotic scene between a man and a woman; volutes
on both sides of the nozzle.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 14, gray-
clayish ashy layer, depth: 1,90—2,00 m.
Dating: I c. AD.
79. O -38/1608/Б5/1087 (Fig. 9, 9). Molded fragment of the
discus.
Place of production: Corinth.
Measurements: D — 8,0 cm.
Clay and covering: light-yellow clay with impurities of lime.
Smooth surface.
Décor: erotic scene between a horse and a woman;
ornamentation with leaves on the rim.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate 42—
43—44, gray-clayish layer, depth: 0,75—1,00 m.
Dating: I c. AD.
80. O -35/429/Б2/818 (Fig. 10, 1). Molded lamp fragment.
Part of the discus is preserved.
Place of production: Olbia.
Measurements: D — 7,5 cm.
Clay and covering: brown-gray clay with impurities of lime
and sand.
Décor: a woman in a dancing posture.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrate No 1.
Dating: I—II c. AD.
81. O -40/1461/Б7/45 (Fig. 10, 2). Molded lamp fragment.
Handle and a part of the discus are absent.
Place of production: Italy (?)
Measurements: H — 2,8 cm; D — 5,8 cm; D (base) —
2,8 cm.
Clay and covering: brown clay with no visual impurities;
thick brown slip covering.
Décor: amphora on the discus; a row of ovolos around the
rim.
Signature: T.
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 43
(south-west) — 53 (south), refuse layer, depth: 1,55—1,75 m.
Dating: 75—200 AD.
82. O-40/1465/Б7/48 (Fig. 10, 3). Molded discus fragment.
Place of production: Egypt.
Measurements: D — 5,5 cm.
Clay and covering: gray clay with silver mica; brown slip
thick covering.
Décor: Isis (?)
Context of the find: “Lower city” sector, quadrates 43
(south-west) — 53 (south), refuse layer, depth: 1,55—1,75 m.
Dating: second half of I—II c. AD.
Translated by Iryna Sheiko
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Iványi, D. 1935. Die pannonischen Lampen. Budapest.
Loeschke, S. 1919. Lampen aus Vidonissa. Zürich.
Lyon-Caen, Ch. 1986. Catalogue des lampes en terre cuite
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Miączewska, A.B. 2015. Roman discus lamps: studies in the
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Młasowsky, A. 1993. Die antiken Tonlampen im Kestner-
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cu ansa în formă de vultur descoperite la Tibiscum.
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Timisiensis, p. 159-170.
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Arte Romano (Mérida). Madrid.
Rosenthal, R., Sivan, R. 1978. Ancient Lamps in the
Schloessinger Collection. Qedem. No. 8.
Topoleanu, F. 2012. Lămpile antice din coleţiile Muzeului
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Надійшла 07.05.2019
Ірина М. Шейко1, Ольга О. Пукліна2
1Кандидат історичних наук, науковий співробітник відділу античної археології Інституту археології
Національної академії наук України, ORCID 0000-0003-2005-3081, ira.sheiko@gmail.com
2Заступник головного зберігача Національного музею історії України, o_puklina@ukr.net
РИМСЬКІ СВІТИЛЬНИКИ З НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МУЗЕЮ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ
Статтю присвячено публікації світильників римського часу, що зберігаються у колекції фондів Національного
музею історії України (НМІУ). Загальна кількість означених предметів складає 197 цілих форм та фрагментів.
Колекція містить предмети, що були досліджені протягом 1930—1940 рр. під керівництвом Л.М. Славіна в Ольвії,
переважно на ділянці «Нижнє місто». Через надзвичайну важливість цієї ділянки, автори вважають доцільним
опублікувати всю колекцію римських світильників, що походять зі згаданої ділянки.
Авторами було здійснено пошук найближчих аналогій не лише серед Північнопричорноморського регіону,
але й поза його межами, та уточнено датування.
До статті вміщено каталог, який нараховує 82 предмети, що є найбільш показовими серед колекції НМІУ.
Він містить коротку інформацію про зображення, розміри, датування та місце виробництва світильників перших
століть нашої ери з Ольвії.
Світильники, які зберігаються у фондах НМІУ, являють собою надзвичайно цінну колекцію виробів римсько-
го часу. З огляду на широкий хронологічний діапазон, згадані світильники дають можливість простежити основні
центри імпорту та частку місцевого виробництва найбільш пізнього етапу існування Ольвії, який досі є найменш
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2019, № 2 93
вивченим. Частка місцевого виробництва світильників перших століть нашої ери, що походять з розкопок ділянки
«Нижнє місто» складає 30 %. Решта — імпорт з Італії, Малої Азії, Коринфу та інших античних центрів.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: Ольвія, римський період, світильники, колекція, музей, датування.
И.Н. Шейко1, О.А. Пуклина2
1Кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник отдела античной археологии Института археологии
Национальной академии наук Украины, ORCID 0000-0003-2005-3081, ira.sheiko@gmail.com
2Заместитель главного хранителя Национального музея истории Украины, o_puklina@ukr.net
РИМСКИЕ СВЕТИЛЬНИКИ ИЗ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО МУЗЕЯ ИСТОРИИ УКРАИНЫ
Статья посвящена публикации светильников римского времени, хранящихся в коллекции фондов Национально-
го музея истории Украины. Общее количество указанных предметов составляет 197 целых и фрагментированных
светильников. Коллекция содержит предметы, которые были исследованы в течение 1930—1940 гг. под руко-
водством Л.М. Славина в Ольвии, преимущественно на участке «Нижний город». Из-за чрезвычайной важности
этого участка, авторы видят целесообразным опубликовать весь массив римских светильников, происходящих из
упомянутого участка.
Авторами был осуществлен поиск ближайших аналогий не только среди северопричерноморского региона, но
и за его пределами, и уточнена датировка.
В статье помещен каталог, который насчитывает 82 предмета, являющиеся наиболее показательными среди
коллекции НМИУ. Он содержит краткую информацию об изображении, размеры, датировки и место производ-
ства светильников первых веков нашей эры из Ольвии.
Светильники, которые хранятся в фондах Национального музея истории Украины, представляют чрезвычай-
но ценную коллекцию изделий римского времени. Учитывая широкий хронологический диапазон, упомянутые
светильники дают возможность проследить основные центры импорта и долю местного производства наиболее
позднего этапа существования Ольвии, который до сих пор является наименее изученным. Доля местного произ-
водства светильников первых веков нашей эры, происходящих из раскопок участка «Нижний город» составляет
30 %. Остальное — импорты из Италии, Малой Азии, Коринфа и других античных центров.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: Ольвия, римский период, светильники, коллекция, музей, датировка.
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| spelling | arheologia-com-ua-article-672020-01-19T08:44:35Z Roman Lamps from the National Museum of History of Ukraine Римские светильники из Национального музея истории Украины Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України Sheiko, Iryna M. Puklina, Olha O. Olbia, Roman period, lamps, collection, museum, dating. Ольвия, римский период, светильники, коллекция, музей, датировка. Ольвія, римський період, світильники, колекція, музей, датування. The article deals with a collection of ancient lamps from the funds of the National Museum of History of Ukraine, covering the period of the first centuries AD. Centers of production and dating are clarified. Статья посвящена публикации светильников римского времени, хранящихся в коллекции фондов Национального музея истории Украины. Общее количество указанных предметов составляет 197 целых и фрагментированных светильников. Коллекция содержит предметы, которые были исследованы в течение 1930—1940 гг. под руководством Л.М. Славина в Ольвии, преимущественно на участке «Нижний город». Из-за чрезвычайной важности этого участка, авторы видят целесообразным опубликовать весь массив римских светильников, происходящих из упомянутого участка. Авторами был осуществлен поиск ближайших аналогий не только среди северопричерноморского региона, но и за его пределами, и уточнена датировка. В статье помещен каталог, который насчитывает 82 предмета, являющиеся наиболее показательными среди коллекции НМИУ. Он содержит краткую информацию об изображении, размеры, датировки и место производства светильников первых веков нашей эры из Ольвии. Светильники, которые хранятся в фондах Национального музея истории Украины, представляют чрезвычайно ценную коллекцию изделий римского времени. Учитывая широкий хронологический диапазон, упомянутые светильники дают возможность проследить основные центры импорта и долю местного производства наиболее позднего этапа существования Ольвии, который до сих пор является наименее изученным. Доля местного производства светильников первых веков нашей эры, происходящих из раскопок участка «Нижний город» составляет 30 %. Остальное — импорты из Италии, Малой Азии, Коринфа и других античных центров. Статтю присвячено публікації світильників римського часу, що зберігаються у колекції фондів Національного музею історії України (НМІУ). Загальна кількість означених предметів складає 197 цілих форм та фрагментів. Колекція містить предмети, що були досліджені протягом 1930—1940 рр. під керівництвом Л.М. Славіна в Ольвії, переважно на ділянці «Нижнє місто». Через надзвичайну важливість цієї ділянки, автори вважають доцільним опублікувати всю колекцію римських світильників, що походять зі згаданої ділянки. Авторами було здійснено пошук найближчих аналогій не лише серед Північнопричорноморського регіону, але й поза його межами, та уточнено датування. До статті вміщено каталог, який нараховує 82 предмети, що є найбільш показовими серед колекції НМІУ. Він містить коротку інформацію про зображення, розміри, датування та місце виробництва світильників перших століть нашої ери з Ольвії. Світильники, які зберігаються у фондах НМІУ, являють собою надзвичайно цінну колекцію виробів римського часу. З огляду на широкий хронологічний діапазон, згадані світильники дають можливість простежити основні центри імпорту та частку місцевого виробництва найбільш пізнього етапу існування Ольвії, який досі є найменш вивченим. Частка місцевого виробництва світильників перших століть нашої ери, що походять з розкопок ділянки «Нижнє місто» складає 30 %. Решта — імпорт з Італії, Малої Азії, Коринфу та інших античних центрів. Institute of Archaeology NAS of Ukraine 2019-06-01 Article Article application/pdf https://arheologia.com.ua/index.php/arheologia/article/view/67 10.15407/archaeologyua2019.02.074 Arheologia; No 2 (2019): Arheologia; 74-94 Археологія ; № 2 (2019): Археологія; 74-94 Археология; № 2 (2019): Arheologia; 74-94 2616-499X 0235-3490 10.15407/archaeologyua2019.02 en https://arheologia.com.ua/index.php/arheologia/article/view/67/64 |
| spellingShingle | Ольвія римський період світильники колекція музей датування. Sheiko, Iryna M. Puklina, Olha O. Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України |
| title | Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України |
| title_alt | Roman Lamps from the National Museum of History of Ukraine Римские светильники из Национального музея истории Украины |
| title_full | Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України |
| title_fullStr | Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України |
| title_full_unstemmed | Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України |
| title_short | Римські світильники з Національного музею історії України |
| title_sort | римські світильники з національного музею історії україни |
| topic | Ольвія римський період світильники колекція музей датування. |
| topic_facet | Olbia Roman period lamps collection museum dating. Ольвия римский период светильники коллекция музей датировка. Ольвія римський період світильники колекція музей датування. |
| url | https://arheologia.com.ua/index.php/arheologia/article/view/67 |
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