Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties
Present paper deals with spectroscopic investigations of electric arc discharge plasma in argon flow between Cu- Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB₆ composite electrodes. Obtained profiles of temperature and electron density were used for calculation of plasma composition and metals’ content in assumption of local th...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2012
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| Цитувати: | Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties / A.N. Veklich, A.V. Lebid, P.V. Soroka, V.F. Boretskij, I.L. Babich // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2012. — № 6. — С. 202-204. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-1092062016-11-22T03:02:34Z Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties Veklich, A.N. Lebid, A.V. Soroka, P.V. Boretskij, V.F. Babich, I.L. Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Present paper deals with spectroscopic investigations of electric arc discharge plasma in argon flow between Cu- Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB₆ composite electrodes. Obtained profiles of temperature and electron density were used for calculation of plasma composition and metals’ content in assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Significant influence of LaB₆ admixture on plasma properties was found. Pабота посвящена спектроскопическим исследованиям плазмы электродугового разряда между Cu-Mo и Cu-Mo-LaB₆ композитными электродами в потоке аргона. Полученные распределения температуры и электронной концентрации использованы для расчета состава плазмы и содержания металлов в предположении состояния локального термодинамического равновесия. Установлено существенное влияние примеси LaB₆ на свойства плазмы. Pобота присвячена спектроскопічним дослідженням плазми електродугового розряду між композитними Cu-Mo та Cu-Mo-LaB₆ композитними електродами в потоці аргону. Отримані розподіли температури та електронної концентрації використано для розрахунку складу плазми та вмісту металів у припущенні стану локальної термодинамічної рівноваги. Встановлено суттєвий вплив домішки LaB₆ на властивості плазми. 2012 Article Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties / A.N. Veklich, A.V. Lebid, P.V. Soroka, V.F. Boretskij, I.L. Babich // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2012. — № 6. — С. 202-204. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.25.Os, 52.70.-m, 52.80.Mg http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109206 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
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Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии Veklich, A.N. Lebid, A.V. Soroka, P.V. Boretskij, V.F. Babich, I.L. Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
Present paper deals with spectroscopic investigations of electric arc discharge plasma in argon flow between Cu- Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB₆ composite electrodes. Obtained profiles of temperature and electron density were used for calculation of plasma composition and metals’ content in assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Significant influence of LaB₆ admixture on plasma properties was found. |
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Article |
| author |
Veklich, A.N. Lebid, A.V. Soroka, P.V. Boretskij, V.F. Babich, I.L. |
| author_facet |
Veklich, A.N. Lebid, A.V. Soroka, P.V. Boretskij, V.F. Babich, I.L. |
| author_sort |
Veklich, A.N. |
| title |
Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties |
| title_short |
Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties |
| title_full |
Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties |
| title_fullStr |
Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties |
| title_sort |
investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. part і: the influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| topic_facet |
Низкотемпературная плазма и плазменные технологии |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/109206 |
| citation_txt |
Investigations of thermal plasma with metal impurities. Part І: The influence of electrodes composition on plasma properties / A.N. Veklich, A.V. Lebid, P.V. Soroka, V.F. Boretskij, I.L. Babich // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2012. — № 6. — С. 202-204. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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202 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №6(82)
INVESTIGATIONS OF THERMAL PLASMA WITH METAL
IMPURITIES.
PART I: THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRODES COMPOSITION
ON PLASMA PROPERTIES
A.N. Veklich, A.V. Lebid, P.V. Soroka, V.F. Boretskij, I.L. Babich
Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kiev, Ukraine
E-mail: van@univ.kiev.ua
Present paper deals with spectroscopic investigations of electric arc discharge plasma in argon flow between Cu-
Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB6 composite electrodes. Obtained profiles of temperature and electron density were used for
calculation of plasma composition and metals’ content in assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).
Significant influence of LaB6 admixture on plasma properties was found.
PACS: 52.25.Os, 52.70.-m, 52.80.Mg
INTRODUCTION
Composite materials on copper base are widely used
for contacts and electrodes in switching devices for the
electrical engineering industry [1,2]. Exploitation
efficiency of switching devices is determined by mass
transfer of electrode’s materials inside discharge gap.
Amount of metal vapours in discharge gap affected by
mutual interaction between electrode’s material and
electric arc plasma, which appeared during switching.
Therefore, investigations of such plasma can be useful
for optimization of new composite materials, their
composition and fabricating technologies.
Plasma of electric arc discharge between Cu-Mo and
Cu-Mo-LaB6 composite electrodes were studied by
optical emission spectroscopy. Obtained values of
temperature and electron density were used for
calculation of plasma compositions for both electrodes’
types in assumption of LTE.
Such approach allows identify the influence of LaB6
admixture on plasma composition, and, consequently on
erosion properties of studied materials.
It must be mentioned, that gas (vapour) phase mass
transfer of metal is dominated in case of electric arc
discharge between composite Cu-Mo electrodes [3].
1. EXPERIMENT
The arc was ignited in argon flow 6.4 slpm between
the end surfaces of Cu-Mo or Cu-Mo-LaB6 non-cooled
electrodes. The diameter of the rod electrodes was 6
mm, the discharge gap was 8 mm, arc current was 3.5 or
30 A. To avoid the metal droplet appearing, a pulsing
high current mode was used: the current pulse 30 A was
put on the "duty" low-current (3.5 A) discharge. The
high-current pulse duration was 30 ms.
Cu-Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB6 composite electrodes were
fabricated by powder metallurgy, particularly, by copper
infiltration of the high-melting component. Ratio of copper and
molybdenum contents in these electrodes was 50%:50%.
Admixture of LaB6 in Cu-Mo-LaB6 electrodes was less than 1 %.
Technique of one-pass tomographic recording of the
spatial distribution of spectral line intensities was used [4].
Monochromator MDR-12 with 3000-pixels CCD linear
image sensor (B/W) Sony ILX526A accomplished fast
scanning of spatial distribution of radial intensity. Due to the
instability of the discharge, statistical averaging of the
recorded spatial distributions of the radiation characteristics
was carried out.
Selection of CuI spectral lines and analysis of their
spectroscopic data was previously carried out in [5]. It
was found in preliminary investigations that CuI lines
427.5 nm and 465.1 nm are overlapped by MoI lines
427.6 nm and 465.2 nm during arcing [6]. These lines
were withdrawn from further consideration. So,
CuI spectral lines 510.5, 515.3, 521.8, 570.0, 578.2,
793.3 and 809.3 nm were used for plasma diagnostic in
present work. Boltzmann plot method was applied for
plasma temperature determination.
For registration of spectral line profiles in case of 30 A
was used spectral device combined with Fabry-Perot
interferometer in etalon mode [7]. Electron density was
obtained from half-width of spectral line CuI 515.3 nm in
assumption of dominated quadratic Stark effect.
Unfortunately, such Fabry-Perot interferometer can’t
be used for half-width determination in case 3.5 A
current. So, electron density in this case was calculated
by algorithm based on previously obtained plasma
parameters, namely: temperatures distributions for 3.5
and 30 A, electron density for 30 A, intensities ratio of
CuI and MoI spectral lines. Comprehensive description
of the algorithm has place in work [5].
Plasma of electric arc discharge between Cu-Mo or
Cu-Mo-LaB6 in argon flow generally contains atoms
and ions of copper, molybdenum and argon. Plasma in
state of local thermodynamic equilibrium can be
described by equations set, which consist of Saha
equations for each plasma component, equation of
charge neutrality, perfect gas law. Additionally,
expression for ratio of Cu and Mo atoms’ content in
plasma volume were included into equations set. This
expression can be obtained from ratio of CuI and MoI
spectral lines intensities.
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Radial temperature profiles of electric arc discharge are
shown in Fig. 1. Profiles for 3.5 A are almost the same
within measurement error for both types of electrodes. In
contrast, at 30 A significant difference between temperature
profiles for Cu-Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB6 has place - in case of
Cu-Mo-LaB6 electrodes temperature are higher.
It is well known that increasing of metallic vapour
content in plasma volume leads to temperature
decreasing. So, lower content of metallic vapour
(copper and/or molybdenum) in plasma can be assumed
in case of Cu-Mo-LaB6 electrodes at 30 A current.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №6(82) 203
0 1 2
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
r, mm
T, K
a
0 1 2
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
r, mm
T, K
b
Fig. 1. Radial temperature profiles of electric arc discharge between Cu-Mo (a) and Cu-Mo-LaB6 (b) electrodes
at current 3.5 ( ) and 30 A ( )
Calculated plasma compositions of electric arc
discharge between Cu-Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB6 for 3.5 and
30 A currents are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
One can see, that electric conductivity of plasma
channel mainly supports by copper ionization.
Naturally, in contrast to high-melting molybdenum, the
amount of copper vapour in plasma volume is dominant.
In case of 3.5 A current contents of copper and
molybdenum are in reasonable agreement for both types
of electrodes.
Discrepancy in metallic vapour amount for Cu-Mo
and Cu-Mo-LaB6 electrodes has place in case of 30 A.
In the next step, the radial distributions of copper
atoms and ions (XCu, % = (NCu+NCu+)*100/∑Ni) and
molybdenum (XMo, % = (NMo+NMo+)*100/∑Ni) content
for both types of electrodes at 30 A current are
calculated (see Fig. 5).
One can see, that contents of copper are in good
agreement for both electrodes’ types, while content of
molybdenum are significantly lower for electrodes with
LaB6 admixture. It leads to temperature increasing for
Cu-Mo-LaB6 in comparison to Cu-Mo electrodes at
30 A current.
0 1 2
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
Mo
Mo+
Ar+
Cu
Nj,cm-3
r, mm
e-
Cu+
Ar
a
0 1 2
1014
1016
1018
b
Mo
Mo+
Ar+
Cu
Nj,cm-3
r, mm
e-
Cu+
Ar
Fig. 2. Plasma composition of electric arc discharge between Cu-Mo electrodes at 3.5 (a) and 30 A (b)
0 1 2
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
a
MoMo+
Ar+
Cu
Nj,cm-3
r, mm
e-
Cu+
Ar
0 1 2
1014
1016
1018
Mo
Mo+
Ar+
Cu
Nj,cm-3
r, mm
e-
Cu+
Ar
b
Fig. 3. Plasma composition of electric arc discharge between Cu-Mo-LaB6 electrodes at 3.5 (a) and 30 A (b)
204 ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №6(82)
0 1 2
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
a
Cu
XMo,%X
Cu
,%
r,mm
Mo
0 1 2
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
b
Cu
XMo,%XCu,%
r, mm
Mo
Fig. 4. Content of copper and molybdenum in plasma of electric arc discharge
between Cu-Mo (a) and Cu-Mo-LaB6 (b) electrodes at 30 A
CONCLUSIONS
Electric conductivity of electric arc discharge
between Cu-Mo and Cu-Mo-LaB6 composite electrodes
mainly supports by copper ionization. Plasma
composition and consequently erosion properties of
both electrodes types in 3.5 A current mode are in good
agreement. However, presence of LaB6 admixture
causes plasma temperature rising and decreasing of
molybdenum content in case of 30 A. This effect can be
caused by qualitative changes in plasma-surface
interaction at power input increasing.
REFERENCES
1 R.V. Minakova, A.P. Kresanova, M.M. Churakov,
E.V. Homenko. The development tendencies of
manufacturing technologies of composite materials and their
contacts // Electrical contacts and electrodes. / Kiev:
“Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science”.
1998, p. 5-19 (in Russian).
2. B. Miedzinski, W. Dzierzanowski, J. Wandzio,
N. Grechanyuk, V.N. Shoffa. Dynamics of sliding contacts
in mine slow-speed railway transportation // Electrical
contacts and electrodes. / Kiev: “Frantsevich Institute for
Problems of Materials Science”. 2012, p. 63-69.
3. I.L. Babich, V.F. Boretskij, R.V. Minakova,
A.N. Veklich. Plasma of electric arc between electrodes
from composite materials // Problem of Atomic Science and
Technology. Series “Plasma Physics” (14). 2008, №6,
p. 159-161.
4. A.N. Veklich, V.Ye. Osidach. Technique of spectroscopic
diagnostic of electric arc plasma // Bulletin of Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kiev. Radiophysics &
Electronics. 2003, №5, p. 12-14 (in Ukrainian).
5. I.L. Babich, V.F. Boretskij, A.N. Veklich, A.І. Ivanisik,
R.V. Semenyshyn, L.A. Kryachko, R.V. Minakova.
Spectroscopy of electric arc plasma between composite
electrodes Ag-CuO // Electrical contacts and electrodes/
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6. I.L. Babich, V.F. Boretskij, A.N. Veklich,
N.I. Grechanyuk, A.V. Lebid, R.V. Minakova, P.V. Soroka.
Investigations of electric arc discharge between composite
electrodes on copper base // Electrical contacts and
electrodes. / Kiеv: “Frantsevich Institute for Problems of
Materials Science”. 2012, p. 91-100 (in Ukrainian).
7. A.N. Veklich, V.Ye. Osidach The determination of
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Ukrainian).
Article received 20.09.12
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ПЛАЗМЫ С ПРИМЕСЯМИ МЕТАЛЛОВ.
ЧАСТЬ І: ВЛИЯНИЕ СОСТАВА ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ НА СВОЙСТВА ПЛАЗМЫ
А.Н. Веклич, А.В. Лебедь, П.В. Сорока, В.Ф. Борецкий, И.Л. Бабич
Pабота посвящена спектроскопическим исследованиям плазмы электродугового разряда между
Cu-Mo и Cu-Mo-LaB6 композитными электродами в потоке аргона. Полученные распределения температуры
и электронной концентрации использованы для расчета состава плазмы и содержания металлов в
предположении состояния локального термодинамического равновесия. Установлено существенное влияние
примеси LaB6 на свойства плазмы.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕРМІЧНОЇ ПЛАЗМИ З ДОМІШКАМИ МЕТАЛІВ. ЧАСТИНА І: ВПЛИВ
СКЛАДУ ЕЛЕКТРОДІВ НА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ПЛАЗМИ
А.М. Веклич, А.В. Лебідь, П.В. Сорока, В.Ф. Борецький, І.Л. Бабіч
Pобота присвячена спектроскопічним дослідженням плазми електродугового розряду між композитними
Cu-Mo та Cu-Mo-LaB6 композитними електродами в потоці аргону. Отримані розподіли температури та
електронної концентрації використано для розрахунку складу плазми та вмісту металів у припущенні стану
локальної термодинамічної рівноваги. Встановлено суттєвий вплив домішки LaB6 на властивості плазми.
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