Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C
The superconducting and magnetic properties of HoNi₂B₂C single crystals are investigated through transport, magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. In the magnetic phases that enter below the superconducting critical temperature, the small-angle neutron scattering data u...
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irk-123456789-1194322017-06-07T03:05:46Z Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, M. Yagmurcu, A. Cho, E.-M. Lee, S.-I. Knigavko, A. Gaulin, B.D. К восьмидесятилетию антиферромагнетизма ІІ. Эксперимент The superconducting and magnetic properties of HoNi₂B₂C single crystals are investigated through transport, magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. In the magnetic phases that enter below the superconducting critical temperature, the small-angle neutron scattering data uncover networks of magnetic surfaces. These likely originate from uncompensated moments, e.g., at domain walls pinned to crystallographic grain boundaries. The field and temperature dependent behavior of SANS appears consistent with the metamagnetic transitions reported in earlier works. 2014 Article Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C / M. Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, A. Yagmurcu, E.-M. Choi, S.-I. Lee, A. Knigavko, B.D. Gaulin // Физика низких температур. — 2014. — Т. 40, № 2. — С. 205-210. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — англ. 0132-6414 PACS 72.10.D, 72.15.Eb, 72.15.Jf, 74.25.–q, 75.30.Kz http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/119432 en Физика низких температур Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України |
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К восьмидесятилетию антиферромагнетизма ІІ. Эксперимент К восьмидесятилетию антиферромагнетизма ІІ. Эксперимент |
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К восьмидесятилетию антиферромагнетизма ІІ. Эксперимент К восьмидесятилетию антиферромагнетизма ІІ. Эксперимент Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, M. Yagmurcu, A. Cho, E.-M. Lee, S.-I. Knigavko, A. Gaulin, B.D. Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C Физика низких температур |
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The superconducting and magnetic properties of HoNi₂B₂C single crystals are investigated through transport, magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. In the magnetic phases that enter below the superconducting critical temperature, the small-angle neutron scattering data uncover networks of magnetic
surfaces. These likely originate from uncompensated moments, e.g., at domain walls pinned to crystallographic grain boundaries. The field and temperature dependent behavior of SANS appears consistent with the metamagnetic transitions reported in earlier works. |
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Article |
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Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, M. Yagmurcu, A. Cho, E.-M. Lee, S.-I. Knigavko, A. Gaulin, B.D. |
| author_facet |
Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, M. Yagmurcu, A. Cho, E.-M. Lee, S.-I. Knigavko, A. Gaulin, B.D. |
| author_sort |
Ramazanoglu, M. |
| title |
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C |
| title_short |
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C |
| title_full |
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C |
| title_fullStr |
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C |
| title_sort |
small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of honi₂b₂c |
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Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України |
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2014 |
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К восьмидесятилетию антиферромагнетизма ІІ. Эксперимент |
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http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/119432 |
| citation_txt |
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi₂B₂C / M. Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, A. Yagmurcu, E.-M. Choi, S.-I. Lee, A. Knigavko, B.D. Gaulin // Физика низких температур. — 2014. — Т. 40, № 2. — С. 205-210. — Бібліогр.: 31 назв. — англ. |
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Физика низких температур |
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| fulltext |
Low Temperature Physics/Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2014, v. 40, No. 2, pp. 205–210
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study
of HoNi2B2C
M. Ramazanoglu1,2, M. Laver3, A. Yagmurcu4, E.-M. Choi5, S.-I. Lee5,
A. Knigavko6, and B.D. Gaulin1,7
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
2Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
E-mail: mr.mehmet.ramazanoglu@gmail.com
3Department of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
4Ministery of Development, Ankara 06100, Turkey
5National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, Pohang University
of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
6Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
7Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 180 Dundas St. W., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
Received August 6, 2013
The superconducting and magnetic properties of HoNi2B2C single crystals are investigated through transport,
magnetometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. In the magnetic phases that enter be-
low the superconducting critical temperature, the small-angle neutron scattering data uncover networks of mag-
netic surfaces. These likely originate from uncompensated moments, e.g., at domain walls pinned to crystallo-
graphic grain boundaries. The field and temperature dependent behavior of SANS appears consistent with the
metamagnetic transitions reported in earlier works.
PACS: 72.10.Di Scattering by phonons, magnons, and other nonlocalized excitations;
72.15.Eb Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys;
72.15.Jf Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects;
74.25.–q Properties of type I and type II superconductors;
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.).
Keywords: superconductivity, magnetism, metamagnetic transitions.
1. Introduction
The rare-earth nickel borocarbide compounds RNi2B2C
exhibit superconductivity even when the rare-earth element
R is a magnetic ion [1–5]. Due to the possibility of study-
ing the interplay between superconductivity and mag-
netism, these materials have remained at the forefront of
condensed matter physics research for over a decade fol-
lowing their discovery [6,7]. For the non-magnetic ions
R = Y and Lu, the superconducting critical temperatures
are = 15cT and 16 K, respectively [2,7,8]. For the magne-
tic ions R = Ho, Tm or Er, Néel states enter at temperatures
below cT , whereas for R = Dy superconductivity is stable
only within the antiferromagnetic region [1,2,9–16]. All
the rare-earth nickel borocarbides share a nominally tetrago-
nal crystal structure, though orthorhombic distortions can
appear due to magnetoelastic effects [1,5]. The unit cell is
formed of alternating RC and Ni2B2 layers, with supercon-
ductivity understood to originate in the latter [2–5,7].
In HoNi2B2C, the superconductivity appears at ~ 9cT K.
Subsequently, a cascade of different magnetic structures
within a narrow range of temperatures 6.0 to 5.2 K results
in a near-reentrant behavior of the superconducting phase
[9–11,17,18]. The interplay between magnetism and super-
conductivity in HoNi2B2C has been succinctly probed by
Bitter decoration measurements by Vinnikov et al. [19],
© M. Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, A. Yagmurcu, E.-M. Choi, S.-I. Lee, A. Knigavko, and B.D. Gaulin, 2014
mailto:mr.mehmet.ramazanoglu@gmail.com
M. Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, A. Yagmurcu, E.-M. Choi, S.-I. Lee, A. Knigavko, and B.D. Gaulin
where it was demonstrated that magnetic domain boundaries
strongly pin superconducting vortices, at least in the com-
mensurate magnetic phase at low temperatures ( < 5.2T K).
Similar pinning to magnetic domain boundaries was also
observed in ErNi2B2C [19]. Intriguingly, the antiferromag-
netic state for < 6T K in ErNi2B2C develops a ferromag-
netic component below 2.3 K [20] raising the possibility of
a subsequent spontaneous formation of superconducting
vortices [20]. It would be intriguing to see if similar effects
should occur at the metamagnetic transitions in HoNi2B2C.
This article is the first report of a small-angle neutron scat-
tering (SANS) study on this material. At zero and low ap-
plied fields we find sharply increasing SANS as the sam-
ples are cooled through ~ 5T K. We associate this signal
to scattering from magnetic surfaces (i.e., domain walls) in
the low-temperature collinear magnetic phases.
This article is continued as follows: in the following
section (Sec. 2) we outline the materials and methods; in
the Results section (Sec. 3) we report the results of our
resistivity (Sec. 3.1), magnetization (Sec. 3.2) and SANS
(Sec. 3.3) measurements. A short summary and discussion
is provided in the concluding section (Sec. 4).
2. Experimental details
Single crystals of HoNi2B2C were grown using a slow-
cooling flux method with isotropic enrichment of 11B in
order to reduce the neutron absorption in our SANS experi-
ments. The details can be found elsewhere [21]. Magnetiza-
tion and transport measurements were performed in the
physics laboratories at McMaster University using a quan-
tum design magnetic properties measurement system and a
quantum design physical properties measurement system,
respectively. Resistance was measured by the standard four-
point probe technique. The SANS experiments were carried
out at the NIST Center for Neutron Research using the NG3-
SANS and NG7-SANS instruments [22]. In a typical setup,
9≈ Å wavelength neutrons were used and the small-angle
scattering detected with a 2D area detector placed ~ 13.7 m
away from the sample. Two HoNi2B2C single crystals
(8×5×1 and 5×4×1 mm) were co-aligned on an Al sample
holder by x-ray Laue diffraction. The holder was mounted
into a superconducting cryomagnet so that the samples’ c
axes, applied field (H) and neutron beam directions were all
initially coincident, with the [110] and [110] crystallogra-
phic axes were aligned horizontal and vertical, respectively.
The field direction H of the cryomagnet was initially
aligned relative to the neutron beam using the vortex lattice
in a Nb single crystal. The HoNi2B2C scattering measure-
ments detailed herein were carried out with c turned away
by ~ 45, so that H and the neutron beam direction were
~ 45 to c in the (110) plane. Datasets as a function of tem-
perature were collected by applying the desired field at high
temperatures > cT T , cooling to base temperature ( 3 K) and
then measuring at selected temperatures on warming.
3. Results
3.1. Resistivity
Figure 1(a) shows a plot of electrical resistivity ρ as a
function of temperature at zero field. The current created
by the four probe measurement lies in the ab plane of the
crystal. As can be seen in this figure, the onset of super-
conductivity appears at ~ 9cT K. Overall metallic behavior
can also be seen for cT T> in the limited temperature range
probed. In Fig. 1(b), ρ at low temperatures is shown as a
function of applied field H in the two directions, 0 and
~ 45 from the crystallographic c axis, for direct compari-
son with the SANS measurements. At = 2T K and H || c,
the upper critical field is found at 0 2( = 2 K)cH Tµ ~ 0.7 T,
in agreement with previous works [10,23]. The coherence
length at = 2T K from this value is 200ξ Å. A kink at
lower fields ~ 0.4 T can also be observed in this figure. We
note that the slope of ( )Hρ steepens with increasing field
Fig. 1. (Color online) Resistivity ρ measurements as functions of
temperature T and of magnetic field H : (a) shows ( )Tρ at zero
field; (b) shows ( )Hρ at = 2T and 3.5 K, with fields H applied
parallel to c and also at 45 to c in the (110) plane. The arrow
shows the point for 2cH (T = 2 K) of the previous study [10]. In
(a) the yellow background shading highlights the superconduct-
ing region.
(a)
(b)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
T, K
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8
30
20
10
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
T = 2 K,
T = 3.5 K,
T = 3.5 K,
206 Low Temperature Physics/Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2014, v. 40, No. 2
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi2B2C
through the kink, implying that the superconductivity ab-
ruptly weakens. This can be associated with increased fluc-
tuations arising from the lower 2( )cT H of the reentrant
region.
Similar kinks are observed at 0.35≈ T in the = 3.5T K
datasets. For H || c, we see that 0 2( = 3.5 K)cH Tµ ~ 0.5 T
in agreement with the expected form of 2( )cH T [10]. A
slight decrease in 2cH is anticipated on rotation of H from
c towards the tetragonal basal plane [23], and indeed a
small leftwards shift of ( )Hρ in the upper critical field
region may be discerned going from H || c to H applied 45
from c. In the latter, the ( )Hρ further rises into a broad
maximum at fields above 2cH . This may be a consequence
of the metamagnetic transitions to be discussed in Sec. 3.3;
similar features in the resistivity have previously been re-
ported for fields applied in the basal plane [23].
3.2. Magnetization
Figure 2 illustrates our magnetometry data. In Fig. 2(a),
the zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetic
responses in a small applied field of 1 mT are plotted as a
function of temperature. The reentrant superconductivity
manifests itself as a reduced superconducting response in
the region = 5T to 6 K. In Fig. 2(b) we show the magneti-
zation at 2 K as a function of increasing field applied paral-
lel to c after cooling in zero field. The overall signal is
dominated by the linear paramagnetic response of a com-
ponent of the ( 10 B≈ µ ) Ho3+ moments, but one can esti-
mate the value of the upper critical field from the point of
departure from the linear normal state behavior illustrated
by the dashed line; one then obtains 0 2 ~ 0.7cHµ T in
agreement with our resistivity measurements [Fig. 1(b)]
and previous Hall probe results [10]. The ( )M H data in
Fig. 2(b) can also be used to estimate the lower critical
field value as 0 1 ~ 4cHµ mT at = 2T K, though this esti-
mate does not take into account sample demagnetization or
Ho3+ moment alignment effects.
In Fig. 2(b) we measure a linear paramagnetic response
of 1750 emu·mol–1·T–1, or 0.31 Bµ T–1 per Ho3+ ion. It is
interesting to compare this with previously published val-
ues. Ref. 24 reports 0.3 Bµ T–1/ion in agreement with our
measurement. In contrast, a smaller value of 0.1 Bµ T–1/ion
is reported in Ref. 18. It should be noted that all works
report comparable M values at the metamagnetic transi-
tions present for H ⊥ c; this is expected for an intensive
quantity like magnetization. The possible non-intensive
nature of M for H || c suggests that its origin may not be
an intrinsic property of the bulk of samples. In the next
section, we moot the possibility that this magnetization
arises from more easily polarizable Ho3+ moments at crys-
tallographic grain boundaries and dislocations.
3.3. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)
We now turn to the main results of this manuscript.
Figures 3 and 4 summaries the dependences of the small-
angle neutron scattering (SANS) on temperature, applied
field and scattering vector q. As a function of applied field,
HoNi2B2C exhibits a series of metamagnetic transitions
with magnetic structures depending on the field direction
[8,10–12,23,25–27]. At low temperatures 5T K with H
applied along the [110] easy axis, the magnetic structures
are constructed from ferromagnetic sheets, with each sheet
being a basal plane, within which all Ho3+ moments co-
align along one of the four 110〈 〉 directions [18]. The zero-
field structure consists of antiferromagnetically coupled
basal plane sheets, denoted by ↑↓ . At the first me-
tamagnetic transition at 0.41 T at 2 K, a jump in the mag-
netization signals that two thirds of the basal plane sheets
align along H || [110] and only one along [110]; this is
Fig. 2. (Color online) Magnetometry M as functions of tempera-
ture T and of magnetic field H . (a) The temperature dependence
of /M H , measured after cooling in zero field (ZFC) and field-
cooling (FC) using a small applied field of 1 mT. (b) ( )M H at
= 2T K. The dashed line indicates the linear paramagnetic re-
sponse of a component of the Ho3+ moments at high fields. The
inset in each panel shows a magnified region of the main figure.
In these measurements, the magnetic field is applied parallel to
the c axis. For clarity, yellow background shading has been added
to highlight the superconducting region.
Low Temperature Physics/Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2014, v. 40, No. 2 207
M. Ramazanoglu, M. Laver, A. Yagmurcu, E.-M. Choi, S.-I. Lee, A. Knigavko, and B.D. Gaulin
denoted ↑↑↓ . Subsequently this becomes the high-field
↑↑↑ phase with another magnetization jump at the second
metamagnetic transition at 1.07 T at 2 K. Fields applied
away from [110] in the basal plane yield a second interme-
diate field phase ↑↑→ . The → indicates that the magnetic
structure is non-collinear; it has a wave vector ≈(4/7 0 0)
r.l.u. [26,27]. A recent torque magnetometry study [8] con-
firms that this phase does not appear for H applied within
1° of [110], in support of the results of mean-field theory
accounting for the crystalline electric field and Ruderman–
Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida exchange interaction [28].
For fields applied along the hard c axis, there are no
metamagnetic transitions over this field regime. Therefore,
for our orientation of field direction 45≈ from c in the
(110) plane, we anticipate two clear metamagnetic transi-
tions; the first from ↑↓ to ↑↑↓ at 0.41/ cos45 = 0.58 T
and the second to ↑↑↑ at 1.51 T.
Figure 3 shows the SANS intensity integrated over
the 2D detector (this corresponds to a q-range of
3(3 14)·10q −≤ ≤ Å–1). We see there are indeed three dif-
ferent field regimes that correspond to the expected
metamagnetic transitions. First, at low fields < 0.58 T and
including zero field, the SANS temperature dependences
share a common form, with intensity at low temperatures
entering abruptly, rather like an order parameter with a
transition temperature of 5≈ K. Then, at an intermediate
applied field of 1.5 T, the magnitude of this order-parame-
ter-like response appears somewhat increased compared to
the low field regime. Finally at high fields > 1.51 T the
SANS intensity rises smoothly with falling temperature,
and also increases with increasing field.
To understand the origin of the SANS intensity appear-
ing at low temperatures, we first consider the possibility that
the SANS signal at fields 2< cH arises from superconduct-
ing vortices in the sample. To check for sharp Bragg reflec-
tions from a well-defined superconducting vortex lattice, at
selected low applied fields we also collected data as the
samples were rocked through the expected Bragg angles.
The field direction of the cryomagnet was initially aligned
relative to the neutron beam using the vortex lattice in a Nb
single crystal. No angular dependence was observed in the
rocking scans on our HoNi2B2C samples, precluding a well-
defined vortex lattice. At zero field, a SANS signal is ob-
served even when no superconducting vortices are present
(no spontaneously forming vortices are anticipated because
the magnetic ground state is antiferromagnetic). Hence su-
perconducting vortices, even in a disordered ensemble, can-
not account for the observed SANS response.
Next we turn to the possibility that temperature-induced
SANS is generated by multiple Bragg scattering between
slightly misoriented crystallites in the samples. This possi-
bility would be completely excluded by working at neutron
wavelengths λ above the Bragg cutoff max> 2dλ , where
maxd is the maximum d-spacing of the Bragg diffraction
planes. For HoNi2B2C, max = 10.53d Å, corresponding to the
(001) magnetic Bragg reflection that appears at < 5.2T K
in the commensurate Néel state. Unfortunately working at
> 21λ Å is infeasible due to the lack of flux at these wave-
lengths at even the best of today's neutron facilities. In-
stead we used 9λ ≈ Å. Nonetheless we may defenestrate
multiple Bragg scattering since this usually manifests itself
as isolated spots on the small-angle detector that typically
change rapidly with rotations of the sample or with neutron
wavelengths. Here, in contrast, we observe a smooth SANS
profile (c.f. Fig. 4) that is insensitive to small changes in
angle or wavelength.
Figure 4 shows the typical scattering vector = | |q q de-
pendence of the SANS intensity I induced at low tempera-
Fig. 3. (Color online) Integrated detector counts, summed over
the range of (~ 3 14q≤ ≤ )·10–3 Å–1 as a function of temperature
at various magnetic fields applied 45° from c in the (110) plane.
The zero field data collected in a separate experimental setup
have their own intensity scale (right).
Fig. 4. Intensity I as a function of scattering vector q at low
temperatures and 0 = 0.08Hµ T. A high temperature background
has been subtracted. The red line shows the power-law behavior
of nI q−∝ with the fitted = 4.0 0.2n ± .
208 Low Temperature Physics/Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2014, v. 40, No. 2
Small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study of HoNi2B2C
tures. In this figure we plot the behavior at 0.08 T (high
temperature > 9 K backgrounds have been subtracted) but
a similar behavior for the induced SANS intensity I is ob-
served at all fields. The data fit well to a Porod law
nI q−∝ with the fitted exponent ~ 4n at all fields. At 0.08
T, for example, we find = 4.0 0.2n ± . The atomic form
factor ( )AF q of the Ho3+ moments is essentially constant at
low q, and the SANS profile probes directly how these
moments arrange. The Porod behavior implies a network
of interfaces or surfaces, with the ~ 4n signifying that
these interfaces are smooth. Our experiments do not probe
sufficiently small scattering vectors to access the Guinier
regime of the ( )I q profile and we therefore deduce a lower
bound 1300D Å for the characteristic size D of the net-
work.
In the high field region, we find that the anisotropy of
the temperature-induced SANS is very similar to that of
the crystallographic background, as characterized by the
angular dependence of q measured over the 2D SANS de-
tector. The same can be said for the low field region, alt-
hough here there are fewer counts with which to make this
evaluation. Like the temperature-induced foreground
SANS intensity, the crystallographic background exhibits a
Porod law 4| |q −∝ , indicative of grain boundaries and dis-
location surfaces. It is likely that the temperature-induced
SANS also originates at these crystal grain boundaries and
dislocations. In the antiferromagnetic ↑↓ region at zero
and low fields, we conjecture that the grain boundaries and
dislocations serve as pinning sites for antiferromagnetic
domain walls that carry a net magnetic moment. Due to the
crystal electric field, at high fields the Ho3+ moments align
to the [110] direction that is nearest to the applied field H;
we postulate that additional small-angle scattering appears
at decreasing temperatures from interfacial moments at the
grain boundaries and dislocations that are susceptible to
align directly along H instead of along [110]. As mooted in
Sec. 3.2, these free moments at extrinsic interfaces may
also account for the discrepancies between the reported
values of the paramagnetic magnetization for H || c.
4. Discussion
To summarize, we have performed magnetometry,
transport and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) mea-
surements on HoNi2B2C single crystals. Additional SANS
intensity I appearing at low temperatures is observed at all
fields. In a low field region 0 < 0.58Hµ T that includes
zero field, the temperature dependence of the signal is or-
der-parameter-like with a transition at 5T ≈ K. At high
fields 0 > 1.51Hµ T, the SANS increases continuously on
cooling across the temperature range probed (from 3 K to
25 K).
At low but finite fields, superconducting vortices will
exist in the sample with an arrangement that is known to be
rather disordered from previous local Hall probe [10] and
Bitter decoration work [19]. SANS ( )I q profiles similar to
those observed here were previously reported on polycrys-
talline Sr0.9La0.1CuO2 and interpreted as scattering from
disordered vortices [29]. Such an interpretation cannot
account for our HoNi2B2C scattering data since we also
observe a SANS signal at zero field.
The agreement between the observed field regimes and
the expected metamagnetic transitions, plus the Porod-law
behavior exhibited in ( )I q , lead us to conclude that the
low-temperature SANS stems from uncompensated mo-
ments at crystallographic grain boundaries and disloca-
tions. At low fields, these uncompensated moments are
associated with domain walls in the antiferromagnetic ↑↓
phase, while at high fields they are suggested to stem from
paramagnetic moments at the interfaces that align along
the field direction rather than along the nearest [110] easy
axis in the bulk ferromagnetic structure. We emphasize
that these magnetic structures form a network of large
length scales 1300D Å. Magnetic contrast over similar
scales has already been observed in Bitter decoration of
non-superconducting TbNi2B2C and of the normal state of
ErNi2B2C [30]. In these high-resolution decoration studies,
the lamellar magnetic flux structures observed were
thought to be linked to crystallographic twin boundaries by
magnetoelastic stresses. In HoNi2B2C magnetoelastic ef-
fects lead to an orthorhombic distortion such that the unit
cell length along the [110] (tetragonal) direction closest to
H shrinks by ≈0.2% compared to [110] [1]. These large
magnetoelastic strains would likely favour the location of
magnetic domain walls at crystallographic grain bounda-
ries and dislocations [31]. It would be extremely interest-
ing to explore, in future work, the physics of antiferromag-
netic magnetoelastic domain wall boundaries using high-
resolution microscopy techniques in HoNi2B2C and in
other materials.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce,
in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work.
M.L. acknowledges support from DanScatt. This work uti-
lized facilities supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772.
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/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents that are to be checked or must conform to PDF/A-1b, an ISO standard for the long-term preservation \(archival\) of electronic documents. For more information on creating PDF/A compliant PDF documents, please refer to the Acrobat User Guide. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
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>> setdistillerparams
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/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|