Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Spectra of stationary fluorescence and of fluorescence synchronous scanning for a scintillation composition based on poly(methyl mathacrylate) containing 1,4-bis(5-pheny-loxazol-2-yl)-benzene (0.4 mass %) and naphthalene as luminescent admixtures have benn studied. The napthalence content in the sam...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Datum:2006
Hauptverfasser: Khakhel, O.A., Romashko, T.P., Sakhno, Yu.E.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України 2006
Schriftenreihe:Functional Materials
Online Zugang:http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/134183
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Назва журналу:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Zitieren:Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate) / O.A. Khakhel, T.P. Romashko, Yu.E. Sakhno // Functional Materials. — 2006. — Т. 13, № 3. — С. 415-418. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id irk-123456789-134183
record_format dspace
spelling irk-123456789-1341832018-06-13T03:03:12Z Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate) Khakhel, O.A. Romashko, T.P. Sakhno, Yu.E. Spectra of stationary fluorescence and of fluorescence synchronous scanning for a scintillation composition based on poly(methyl mathacrylate) containing 1,4-bis(5-pheny-loxazol-2-yl)-benzene (0.4 mass %) and naphthalene as luminescent admixtures have benn studied. The napthalence content in the samples was varied from 5 to 20 mass %. Basing on the spectral data consideration, the contribution to the polymer fluorescence characteristics due to the non-radiative energy transfer from naphthalene to 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)-benzene has been estimated. 2006 Article Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate) / O.A. Khakhel, T.P. Romashko, Yu.E. Sakhno // Functional Materials. — 2006. — Т. 13, № 3. — С. 415-418. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/134183 en Functional Materials НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language English
description Spectra of stationary fluorescence and of fluorescence synchronous scanning for a scintillation composition based on poly(methyl mathacrylate) containing 1,4-bis(5-pheny-loxazol-2-yl)-benzene (0.4 mass %) and naphthalene as luminescent admixtures have benn studied. The napthalence content in the samples was varied from 5 to 20 mass %. Basing on the spectral data consideration, the contribution to the polymer fluorescence characteristics due to the non-radiative energy transfer from naphthalene to 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl)-benzene has been estimated.
format Article
author Khakhel, O.A.
Romashko, T.P.
Sakhno, Yu.E.
spellingShingle Khakhel, O.A.
Romashko, T.P.
Sakhno, Yu.E.
Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Functional Materials
author_facet Khakhel, O.A.
Romashko, T.P.
Sakhno, Yu.E.
author_sort Khakhel, O.A.
title Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
title_short Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
title_full Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
title_fullStr Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
title_full_unstemmed Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
title_sort energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate)
publisher НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
publishDate 2006
url http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/134183
citation_txt Energy transfer in scintillation composition on the base of poly(methyl methacrylate) / O.A. Khakhel, T.P. Romashko, Yu.E. Sakhno // Functional Materials. — 2006. — Т. 13, № 3. — С. 415-418. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ.
series Functional Materials
work_keys_str_mv AT khakheloa energytransferinscintillationcompositiononthebaseofpolymethylmethacrylate
AT romashkotp energytransferinscintillationcompositiononthebaseofpolymethylmethacrylate
AT sakhnoyue energytransferinscintillationcompositiononthebaseofpolymethylmethacrylate
first_indexed 2025-07-09T20:28:18Z
last_indexed 2025-07-09T20:28:18Z
_version_ 1837202565733810176
fulltext (QHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�LQ�VFLQWLOODWLRQ�FRPSRVLWLRQRQ�WKH�EDVH�RI�SRO\�PHWK\O�PHWKDFU\ODWH� 2�$�.KDNKHO��7�3�5RPDVKNR��<X�(�6DNKQR $FDGHP\�RI�7HFKQRORJLFDO�&\EHUQHWLFV�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH�� 3ROWDYD�'LYLVLRQ��������0DUVKDO�%LU\X]RY�6W���������3ROWDYD��8NUDLQH 5HFHLYHG�-DQXDU\��������� 6SHFWUD� RI� VWDWLRQDU\� IOXRUHVFHQFH� DQG� RI� IOXRUHVFHQFH� V\QFKURQRXV� VFDQQLQJ� IRU� D VFLQWLOODWLRQ� FRPSRVLWLRQ� EDVHG� RQ� SRO\�PHWK\O� PHWKDFU\ODWH�� FRQWDLQLQJ� ����ELV���SKHQ\� OR[D]RO���\O��EHQ]HQH������PDVV����DQG�QDSKWKDOHQH�DV�OXPLQHVFHQW�DGPL[WXUHV�KDYH�EHHQ VWXGLHG��7KH�QDSKWKDOHQH�FRQWHQW�LQ�WKH�VDPSOHV�ZDV�YDULHG�IURP���WR����PDVV����%DVLQJ RQ� WKH� VSHFWUDO� GDWD� FRQVLGHUDWLRQ�� WKH� FRQWULEXWLRQ� WR� WKH� SRO\PHU� IOXRUHVFHQFH� FKDUDF� WHULVWLFV�GXH�WR�WKH�QRQ�UDGLDWLYH�HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�IURP�QDSKWKDOHQH�WR�����ELV���SKHQ\OR[D� ]RO���\O��EHQ]HQH�KDV�EHHQ�HVWLPDWHG� jÏ��ËÓ©�°¹Ë}�¯©�°�È�ÒºÓȯӺ®�Áã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�ÒÒ�Ò�°ÒÓ²¯ºÓÓº�º�°}ÈÓÒ¯ºmÈÓÒ«�Áã�º� ¯Ë°�ËÓ�ÒÒ� °�ÒÓ�Òãã«�ÒºÓÓº®� }ºä¹ºÏÒ�ÒÒ� ÓÈ� º°ÓºmË� ¹ºãÒäË�ÒãäË�È}¯ÒãÈ�È� °� ����­Ò°��� ÁËÓÒãº}°ÈϺãÒã����­ËÓϺãºä������äȰ�����Ò�ÓÈÁ�ÈãÒÓºä�m�}È�˰�mË�ã äÒÓ˰�ËÓ�Ó©²��º­È� mº}��vº�˯ÎÈÓÒË�ÓÈÁ�ÈãÒÓÈ�m�º­¯ÈÏ�Ȳ�mȯ Ò¯ºmÈ㺰 �m�¹¯Ë�ËãȲ�º�����º����äȰ�����sÈ º°ÓºmË� ÈÓÈãÒÏÈ� °¹Ë}�¯Èã Ó©²��ÈÓÓ©²�º�ËÓËÓ�m}ãÈ�� ­ËÏ©Ïã��È�Ëã Óº�º�¹Ë¯ËÓº°È� ªÓ˯� �ÒÒ� °� ÓÈÁ�ÈãÒÓÈ�ÓÈ�����­Ò°���ÁËÓÒãº}°ÈϺãÒã����­ËÓϺã� m�Áº¯äÒ¯ºmÈÓÒË�Áã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�� Ó©²�²È¯È}�˯Ұ�Ò}�¹ºãÒä˯ºm� ,W� LV� MXVW� D� SRO\�PHWK\O� PHWKDFU\ODWH� �300$�� FRPSRVLWLRQ� FRQWDLQLQJ� QDSKWKD� OHQH� DQG� ����ELV���SKHQ\OR[D]RO���\O��EHQ� ]HQH� �32323�� DV� OXPLQHVFHQW� DGPL[WXUHV WKDW� LV� WKH� REMHFW� EHLQJ� VWXGLHG� LQ� WKLV ZRUN�� 6XFK� V\VWHPV� DUH� XVHG� DV� PDWHULDOV IRU�SURGXFWLRQ�RI�SODVWLF�VFLQWLOODWRUV��UDGLD� WLRQ� FRQYHUWHUV�� HWF�� >����@�7KH� QRQ�UDGLD� WLYH� WUDQVIHU� RI� HOHFWURQ� H[FLWDWLRQ� HQHUJ\ EHWZHHQ�WKH�FKURPRSKRUH�FHQWHUV�LV�RI�JUHDW LPSRUWDQFH� LQ�SHUIRUPDQFH�RI�VXFK�GHYLFHV� 7KLV�ZRUN�SURYLGHV�DQ�DSSURDFK�WR�WKH�HIIL� FLHQF\� HVWLPDWLRQ�RI� WKDW�SURFHVV� EDVLQJ�RQ WKH� XVH� RI� IOXRUHVFHQFH� V\QFKURQRXV� VFDQ� QLQJ�VSHFWURVFRS\��)66�VSHFWURVFRS\��>�@� 7KH� 300$�32323�QDSKWKDOHQH� VDP� SOHV�FRQWDLQLQJ�����PDVV���RI�32323�ZHUH H[DPLQHG�� 7KH� QDSKWKDOHQH� FRQWHQW� LQ� WKH VDPSOHV�ZDV�YDULHG� WR�EH� RI������������DQG ���PDVV����7KH�SRO\PHUV�ZHUH�V\QWKHVL]HG E\� PDVV� SRO\PHUL]DWLRQ� LQ� WZR�VWDJH� WHP� SHUDWXUH� UHJLPH� �DW����&�IRU����K� IROORZHG E\� DGGLWLRQDO� SRO\PHUL]DWLRQ� DW� ����&�� $]R�LVREXW\URQLWULOH�ZDV�XVHG�DV�WKH�SRO\P� HUL]DWLRQ� LQLWLDWRU�� 7KH� FKURPRSKRUHV� ZHUH LQWURGXFHG�LQWR�WKH�PL[WXUH�SULRU�WR�SRO\P� HUL]DWLRQ��7KH�VDPSOHV�REWDLQHG�ZHUH�VKDSHG DV���PP�WKLFN�VKHHWV� �JODVVHV���7KH�VSHFWUD ZHUH� PHDVXUHG� XVLQJ� D� 6'/��� �/202�� 6W� 3HWHUVEXUJ��XQGHU�IURQWDO�VDPSOH�H[FLWDWLRQ DW�URRP�WHPSHUDWXUH� ,Q�WKH�V\VWHP�XQGHU�FRQVLGHUDWLRQ��QDSK� WKDOHQH� LV� WKH� HOHFWURQ� H[FLWDWLRQ� HQHUJ\ GRQRU�DQG�32323��WKH�DFFHSWRU��7KH�HQHUJ\ WUDQVIHU�HIILFLHQF\�LV�D�IXQFWLRQ�� LQWHU�DOLD� RI�WKH�GRQRU�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��7KDW�GHSHQGHQFH FDQ�EH�GHWHUPLQHG�E\�PHDVXULQJ�RI�ERWK�VWD� WLRQDU\� IOXRUHVFHQFH� VSHFWUD� DQG� WKH� )66 RQHV�� ,I� WKH� DFFHSWRU� FRQWHQW� LV� WKH� VDPH� LQ DOO�WKH�VDPSOHV��LWV�FRPSRQHQW�FDQ�EH�XVHG�WR QRUPDOL]H�WKH�VSHFWUD�IURP�YDULRXV�VDPSOHV� ,Q�D�VSHFLILF�H[DPSOH��)LJ����SUHVHQWV�WKH VWDWLRQDU\� IOXRUHVFHQFH� VSHFWUXP� �FXUYH� �� RI� WKH� 300$�32323���� �� QDSKWKDOHQH VFLQWLOODWLRQ� FRPSRVLWLRQ�� 7KH� VWUXFWXUH IOXRUHVFHQFH�LQ�WKH����Ü����QP�UHJLRQ�FRU� )XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� �������Û�,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� UHVSRQGV�WR�QDSKWKDOHQH�PRQRPHU��7KH�ILUVW YLEUDWLRQ� PD[LPXP� IRU� WKH� QDSKWKDOHQH PRQRPHU� HPLVVLRQ� EDQG� LV� DW� ���� QP�� 7KH 32323�IOXRUHVFHQFH� LV�SUHVHQWHG�E\�D�EDQG LQ�WKH����Ü����QP�UHJLRQ��7KH��Ü��WUDQVL� WLRQ�IRU�WKH�32323�LQWURGXFHG�LQ�300$�LV DW� O� ����� QP�� DV� FDQ� EH� GHWHUPLQHG� IURP WKH� )66� VSHFWUXP� IRU� WKH� VDPSOH� �)LJ���� FXUYH� ���� $� FRPSRQHQW� GXH� WR� VFDWWHUHG HPLVVLRQ�RI�WKH�H[FLWDWLRQ�VRXUFH�FRQWDLQLQJ D�FKDUDFWHULVWLF�VWUXFWXUH�DW�ZDYHOHQJWK�H[� FHHGLQJ� ���� QP� LV� DOVR� REVHUYDEOH� LQ� WKDW VSHFWUXP�� +RZHYHU�� WKH� VFDWWHUHG� OLJKW� LV UHVSRQVLEOH�IRU�DQ�LQVLJQLILFDQW�FRQWULEXWLRQ RQO\�� DQG� LWV� FRPSRQHQW� FDQ� EH� HOLPLQDWHG� 7KXV�� WKH� 66)� DQG� VWDWLRQDU\� IOXRUHVFHQFH VSHFWUD�IRU�WKH�V\VWHP�FDQ�EH�FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\� LQWHQVLWLHV� ,I'�� ,I$�� ,V'�� ,V$� �)LJ����� RUE\� SDUDPHWHUV� 5I� �,I$�,I'�� 5V� �,V$�,V'�7KH�ODWWHU�FDQ�EH�LQWHUSUHWHG�DV�IROORZV� 5I�a�H$���DH'���E� ��� 5V�a� Hc$ Hc'���Ec� ��� +HUH�� H'� DQG� H$� DUH� H[WLQFWLRQ� FRHIIL�FLHQWV�IRU�WKH�HQHUJ\�GRQRU�DQG�DFFHSWRU��LQ WKLV� FDVH�� QDSKWKDOHQH� DQG� 32323�� UHVSHF� WLYHO\��DW�WKH�VWDWLRQDU\�IOXRUHVFHQFH�H[FLWD� WLRQ� ZDYHOHQJWK�� Hc'� DQG� Hc$�� WKRVH� DW� WKH�Ü��WUDQVLWLRQ�ZDYHOHQJWKV� 7KH� TXDQWLW\� D� LQ� ���� FKDUDFWHUL]HV� WKH LQFUHDVH� LQ� WKH� DFFHSWRU� HPLVVLRQ� LQWHQVLW\ GXH�WR�WKH�HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHU��7KLV�HYDOXDWLRQ PHWKRG� RI� WKH� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU� HIILFLHQF\ PDNHV� LW� SRVVLEOH� WR� XVH� GLUHFWO\� WKH� VSHF� WUDO� GDWD� >����@��7KH�D� TXDQWLW\�KDV� WKH�GL� PHQVLRQDOLW\� RI� H[WLQFWLRQ� FRHIILFLHQW�� ,Q RWKHU� ZRUGV�� WKH� LQFUHDVH� LQ� WKH� DFFHSWRU HPLVVLRQ� LQWHQVLW\� FDQ� EH� FRQVLGHUHG� DV� D ILFWLWLRXV� LQFUHDVH� RI� H[WLQFWLRQ� DW� LWV� H[FL� WDWLRQ� ZDYHOHQJWK�� 7KH� E� DQG� Ec� TXDQWLWLHV LQ� ���� DQG� ���� FKDUDFWHUL]H� WKH� IOXRUHVFHQFH LQWHQVLW\� UHGXFWLRQ� RI� WKH� HOHFWURQ� H[FLWD� WLRQ� HQHUJ\�GRQRU�GXH� WR� WKH�HQHUJ\� WUDQV� IHU� WR� WKH� DFFHSWRU�� 7KHVH� TXDQWLWLHV� KDYH WKH�GLPHQVLRQDOLW\�RI�H[WLQFWLRQ�FRHIILFLHQW� WRR��7KH�E�DQG�Ec�TXDQWLWLHV�FKDUDFWHUL]H�WKH ILFWLWLRXV� UHGXFWLRQ�RI� WKH�GRQRU�H[WLQFWLRQ DW�WKH�H[FLWDWLRQ�ZDYHOHQJWK�RI�WKH�VWDWLRQ� DU\�VSHFWUXP�DQG�DW�WKDW�RI�WKH��Ü��WUDQVL� WLRQ�� UHVSHFWLYHO\�� 2I� FRXUVH�� D�� E�� DQG� Ec DUH�IXQFWLRQV�RI�DOO�WKH�IDFWRUV�GHILQLQJ�WKH HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�HIILFLHQF\��LQWHU�DOLD��RI�WKH HQHUJ\� GRQRU� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�� 7KH� TXDQWLWLHV E�DQG�Ec�GLIIHU�IURP�RQH�DQRWKHU�DV�D�UXOH� EXW� WKH� UDWLRV� E�H'� DQG� Ec�Hc'� FRXOG� EH� DV�VXPHG� WR� EH� HTXDO�� 7KHUHIRUH�� ZH� REWDLQ IURP�����DQG�����WKDW �D�e�H$������a�5I�e�5V� ��� 7KXV�� GHWHUPLQLQJ� WKH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� GH� SHQGHQFH� RI�5I�5V� UDWLR�� ZH� FDQ� GHWHUPLQH WKH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� GHSHQGHQFH� RI� WKH� DF� FHSWRU� HPLVVLRQ� LQWHQVLW\�� 1RWH� WKDW� WKH ��5V�TXDQWLW\�GHILQHV� WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�GH� SHQGHQFH�RI�WKH�GRQRU�HPLVVLRQ�LQWHQVLW\� +RZHYHU�� LW� LV�UDWKHU�GLIILFXOW�WR� UHDOL]H WKH� DERYH� LQ� H[SHULPHQWDO� SUDFWLFH�� )LUVW� WKLV� FRQFHUQV� WKH� UHJLVWUDWLRQ� RI� WKH� )66 VSHFWUD� LQ� WKH� OH[� �OHP� VFDQQLQJ� PRGH�6XFK� D� PRGH� LV� VHOHFWHG� PDLQO\� WR� UHFRUG WKH�)66�VSHFWUD�IRU�OLTXLG�VROXWLRQV�IRUPLQJ KRPRJHQHRXV� PHGLD� >�@�� )RU� SRO\PHU� VDP� SOHV�� WKH� VXUIDFH� TXDOLW\� LV� RI� LPSRUWDQFH DORQJ�ZLWK�WKH�KRPRJHQHLW\��,Q�SULQFLSOH��LW LV�SRVVLEOH�WR�REWDLQ�SRO\PHUV�SURYLGLQJ�WKH )66� VSHFWUD� UHFRUGLQJ� ZLWKRXW� WKH� PRQR� FKURPDWRU�GLVDGMXVWPHQW� >����@�� ,I�WKLV� LV�D )LJ����� 6WDWLRQDU\� IOXRUHVFHQFH� ���� DQG� )66 ���� ��� VSHFWUD� IRU� D� 300$���32323������� QDSKWKDOHQH�VDPSOH��7KH�IOXRUHVFHQFH�VSHFWUXP LV�UHFRUGHG�XQGHU�H[FLWDWLRQ�DW�O� �����QP��WKH )66�RQHV��LQ�WKH�OH[� �OHP�VFDQQLQJ�PRGH�ZLWK����DQG�ZLWKRXW�����SRODUL]HUV� 2�$�.KDNKHO�HW�DO����(QHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�LQ�VFLQWLOODWLRQ���� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� SUREOHP�� WKH� )66� VSHFWUD� DUH� UHFRUGHG� LQ WKH� OH[� �OHP���'O� VFDQQLQJ� PRGH�� EXW� WKHODWWHU� PHWKRG� FRPSOLFDWHV� DGGLWLRQDOO\� WKH TXDQWLWDWLYH�DQDO\VLV�RI�WKH�VSHFWUD� 1HYHUWKHOHVV�� ZH� KDYH� PDQDJHG� WR� SUH� SDUH�WKH�SRO\PHU�VDPSOHV�VXLWDEOH�IRU�UHJLV� WUDWLRQ� RI� WKH�)66� VSHFWUD� LQ� WKH�OH[� �OHPVFDQQLQJ�PRGH��7KLV�ZDV�SRVVLEOH��KRZHYHU� RQO\�XVLQJ�SHUSHQGLFXODUO\�RULHQWHG�SRODUL]� HUV�WR�VXSSUHVV�WKH�VFDWWHUHG�HPLVVLRQ�DW�WKH H[FLWLQJ� DQG� UHFRUGLQJ� PRQRFKURPDWRUV� 7KLV� WHFKQLTXH�UHVXOWV� LQ�D�FRQVLGHUDEO\�UH� GXFHG� VFDWWHUHG� OLJKW� EDFNJURXQG� >�@�� 7KLV VWDWHPHQW� LV� LOOXVWUDWHG� E\� FRPSDULVRQ� RI WKH� FXUYH��� LQ�)LJ���� WKDW� LV� UHFRUGHG�ZLWK SRODUL]HUV� ZLWK� WKH� FXUYH� �� RI� WKH� VDPH VDPSOH�UHFRUGHG�ZLWKRXW�SRODUL]HUV� 7KH� KLJK� QDSKWKDOHQH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� LQ WKH�SRO\PHU�FRPSRVLWLRQ�LV�DQRWKHU�XQIDYRU� DEOH� FLUFXPVWDQFH� WKDW� PD\� UHVXOW� LQ� DS� SHDUDQFH�RI�UHDEVRUSWLRQ�DQG� LQWHUQDO�ILOWHU HIIHFWV� LQ� WKH� VWDWLRQDU\� IOXRUHVFHQFH� DQG )66� VSHFWUD�� $W� WKH� RWKHU� KDQG�� D� KLJK QDSKWKDOHQH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� JLYHV� ULVH� WR� LWV DJJUHJDWLRQ� LQ�JURXQG�VWDWH�WKDW� LQIOXHQFHV WKH� SKRWRSK\VLFDO� SURFHVVHV� LQ� WKH� V\VWHP� 6R��DV� LV� VHHQ� LQ�)LJ����� FXUYH���� WKH�QDSK� WKDOHQH� EDQG� LV� DV\PPHWULF� EHLQJ� H[WHQGHG WRZDUGV�WKH� ORQJHU�ZDYHOHQJWK�VLGH��7KLV�LV W\SLFDO� RI� WKH� DURPDWLF� K\GURFDUERQ� DJJUH� JDWLRQ�LQ�WKH�JURXQG�VWDWH�>�@��7KH�DJJUHJD� WLRQ� LQIOXHQFHV� WKH� SKRWRSK\VLFDO� SURFHVVHV EHFDXVH�LW�UHGXFHV�WKH�UHDO�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�RI WKH�PRQRPHU� FKURPRSKRUH� DV�ZHOO� DV� JLYHV ULVH� WR� D� SRVVLEOH� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU� IURP� WKH QDSKWKDOHQH� PRQRPHU� QRW� RQO\� WR� 32323 EXW� DOVR� WR� WKH� DJJUHJDWHV�� 7KH� DJJUHJDWHG QDSKWKDOHQH� PD\� EH� H[FLWHG� GLUHFWO\�� WRR� 6LQFH� WKH� �Ü�� WUDQVLWLRQV� IRU� QDSKWKDOHQH DJJUHJDWHV� KDYH� D� KLJKHU� HQHUJ\� WKDQ� WKDW IRU� 32323�� WKH� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU� IURP� WKH DJJUHJDWHV� WR� 32323� LV� SRVVLEOH�� ,Q� RXU RSLQLRQ��KRZHYHU�� WKH�QDSKWKDOHQH�DJJUHJD� WLRQ� LQIOXHQFHV� WKH� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU� HVWLPD� WLRQ� UHVXOWV� RQO\� LQVLJQLILFDQWO\��7KH� TXDQ� WLW\�D� LQ� ���� WDNHV� LQWR� DFFRXQW� WKH� HQHUJ\ WUDQVIHU� WR� 32323� LQGHSHQGHQWO\� RI� WKH GRQRU� QDWXUH�� 6LQFH� 5I� DQG� 5V� DUH� GHWHU� PLQHG� IRU� WKH� VDPH� VDPSOH�� WKH� GRQRU� DQG DFFHSWRU� FRQFHQWUDWLRQV� DUH� QRW� LQFOXGHG LQWR� ����� $V� WR� RWKHU� FLUFXPVWDQFHV�� LW� LV NQRZQ� >�@� WKDW� WKH� IOXRUHVFHQFH� UHFRUGLQJ PHWKRG� LQ� WKH� UHIOHFWLRQ� PRGH� LV� RSWLPDO IURP� WKH� YLHZSRLQW� RI� HOLPLQDWLRQ� RI� WKH HPLVVLRQ�UHDEVRUSWLRQ�LQIOXHQFH�RQ�WKH�VSHF� WUD� RI� YDULRXV� FRQFHQWUDWHG� VDPSOHV� DQG HYHQ� RI� WKH� FU\VWDOOLQH� FKURPRSKRUH�� ,Q IDFW�� WKH� EDQG� RI� VR�FDOOHG� �KRW�� QDSKWKD� OHQH� IOXRUHVFHQFH� KDYLQJ� D� ZHDN� PD[LPXP DW� O� ����� QP� DSSHDUV� LQ� WKH� VKRUW�ZDYH� OHQJWK� UHJLRQ� RI� WKH� � �)LJ����� FXUYH� ��� WKXV�� WKH� VSHFWUXP� GLVWRUWLRQ� GXH� WR� UHDE� VRUEWLRQ�LV�LQVLJQLILFDQW� 7KH� LQWHUQDO� ILOWHU� HIIHFW� WDNHV� SODFH� LQ DOO� WKH� VDPSOHV� XVHG� LQ� WKLV� ZRUN�� )LJ��� SUHVHQWV� WKH� IOXRUHVFHQFH�H[FLWDWLRQ�VSHFWUD IRU�QDSKWKDOHQH�DQG�32323�LQ�WKH�300$�� 32323��������QDSKWKDOHQH�VDPSOH�DW�VRPH ZDYHOHQJWKV��7KH� DUURZV�PDUN� WKH�PD[LPD SRVLWLRQV� LQ� WKH�DEVRUSWLRQ�VSHFWUD�RI� WKRVH FKURPRSKRUHV� WKDW� DUH� VHHQ� WR�EH�DEVHQW� LQ WKH�SUHVHQWHG�H[FLWDWLRQ�VSHFWUD�� 7KH�GDWD�RQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�GHSHQGHQFHV�RI 5I� DQG� 5V� REWDLQHG� IRU� WKH� V\VWHP� XQGHU VWXG\� XQGHU� H[FLWDWLRQ� DW� O� ����� QP� DUH VKRZQ� LQ� )LJ����� 7KH� )LJXUH� SUHVHQWV� DOVR WKH�GHSHQGHQFHV�IRU�5I�5V�DQG�IRU���5V��7KH ODWWHU� FDQ� EH� H[WUDSRODWHG� WR� ]HUR� QDSKWKD� OHQH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��7KH�TXDQWLW\���5V� LV� LQ SURSRUWLRQ� WR� WKH� GRQRU� FKURPRSKRUH� HPLV� VLRQ�LQWHQVLW\��VR�LW�LV�]HUR�LI�QDSKWKDOHQH�LV DEVHQW� LQ� WKH� V\VWHP�� ,Q� WKH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ UDQJH�RI���WR����PDVV����HPLVVLRQ�LQFUHDVH LV� VHHQ� WR� EH� LQVLJQLILFDQW�� ,W� VHHPV� WKDW VXFK� D� EHKDYLRU� RI� WKH� ��5V� GHSHQGHQFH� LV GXH� WR� VXFK� IDFWRUV� DV� WKH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ TXHQFKLQJ�DQG�WKH�FKURPRSKRUH�DJJUHJDWLRQ UDWKHU� WKDQ� WKH� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU�� %XW� WKH ODWWHU� DOVR� WDNHV� SODFH�� DV� LV� HYLGHQFHG� E\ WKH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� GHSHQGHQFH� RI� 5I�5V�� $V LW� IROORZV� IURP� ����� LW� LV� LQ� SURSRUWLRQ� WR �D�H$Ü���� 7KH� SURSRUWLRQDOLW\� IDFWRU� LV� GH�ILQHG� E\� DEVRUSWLRQ� DQG� HPLVVLRQ� FKDUDF� WHULVWLFV� RI� WKH� HQHUJ\� GRQRU� DQG� DFFHSWRU DV� ZHOO� DV� E\� WKH� LQVWUXPHQW� SDUDPHWHUV� VXFK� DV� VSHFWUDO� VHQVLWLYLW\� RI� WKH� SKRWRUH� FHLYHU� DQG� WKH� VSHFWUDO� LQWHQVLW\� GLVWULEX� WLRQ�RI�WKH�H[FLWDWLRQ�VRXUFH��7KH�H[WUDSROD� WLRQ� RI� 5I�5V� GHSHQGHQFH� WR� ]HUR� QDSKWKD� )LJ����� )OXRUHVFHQFH� H[FLWDWLRQ� VSHFWUD� IRU� D 300$���32323��������QDSKWKDOHQH�VDPSOH DW� UHFRUGLQJ�ZDYHOHQJWKV� �QP��� ���� ����� ��� �����DQG��������� 2�$�.KDNKHO�HW�DO����(QHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�LQ�VFLQWLOODWLRQ���� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� OHQH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��L�H���WR�D� ����JLYHV�WKH�IDF� WRU�YDOXH�RI�DERXW��������VHH�)LJ������WKDW�FRUUH� VSRQGV�WR�WKH�32323�HPLVVLRQ�LQWHQVLW\�GXH�WR LWV�GLUHFW�H[FLWDWLRQ��7KH�VDPH�GHSHQGHQFH�VKRZV WKDW�LQ�WKH�VDPSOH�ZKHUH�QDSKWKDOHQH�FRQFHQWUD� WLRQ�LV�������WKH�HQHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�LV�UHVSRQVLEOH IRU�DERXW�D�KDOI�RI�WKH�32323�HPLVVLRQ� LQWHQ� VLW\��7KXV��D�H$|��IRU�WKDW�VDPSOH�0RUHRYHU��WKH�5I�5V�GHSHQGV�QRQ�OLQHDUO\ RQ�WKH�QDSKWKDOHQH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��,Q�WKH�UH� JLRQ� RI� LWV� YDOXHV� H[FHHGLQJ� ��� ��� WKH 5I�5V� LQFUHDVHV� LQ� D�PRUH� G\QDPLF�PDQQHU �)LJ������ 7KLV� IDFW� PLJKW� EH� DVVXPHG� WR� EH GXH� WR� WKH� DSSHDUDQFH� RI� DQ� DGGLWLRQDO� HQ� HUJ\�WUDQVIHU�PHFKDQLVP��3HUKDSV�WKH�H[FL� WDWLRQ� WUDQVIHU� WR� 32323� DW� ORZ� QDSKWKD� OHQH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQV�SURFHHGV�LQ�RQH�VWDJH�LQ WKH�QHDUHVW�HQYLURQPHQW�RQO\��$V�WKH�QDSK� WKDOHQH� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� ULVHV�� WKH� HQHUJ\ WUDQVIHU� EHWZHHQ� WKH� GRQRU� PROHFXOHV� EH� FRPHV�SRVVLEOH��WKXV�HQODUJLQJ�WKH�UDGLXV�RI D�VSKHUH�ZKHUH�32323�DFWV�DV�WKH�QDSKWKD� OHQH�IOXRUHVFHQFH�TXHQFKHU� 7KH� FRPSRVLWLRQ� 300$������� � 32323�QDSKWKDOHQH� KDV� EHHQ� VHOHFWHG� IRU WKLV� ZRUN� GXH� WR� LWV� SUDFWLFDO� LPSRUWDQFH� 7KLV�FRPSRVLWLRQ�ZLWK������QDSKWKDOHQH�FRQ� WHQW� KDV� EHHQ� SURSRVHG� >�@� DV� DQ� HIILFLHQW VFLQWLOODWLRQ� PDWHULDO� DQG� LV� SURGXFHG� QRZ RQ� LQGXVWULDO� VFDOH�� 7KH� VFLQWLOODWRUV� DUH WHVWHG� XVLQJ� VSHFLDO� HTXLSPHQW� >�@� WKDW� KRZHYHU�� SURYLGHV� GHWHUPLQDWLRQ� RI� WKH WRWDO� OLJKW� \LHOG� RQO\�� +HUH�� LQ� FRQWUDVW�� ZH DUH� DEOH� WR� HVWLPDWH� WKH� FRQWULEXWLRQ� RI� WKH HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU� WR� WKH� SRO\PHU� IOXRUHVFHQFH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� 7KXV�� WKLV� ZRUN� LOOXVWUDWHV� WKH� SRVVLELO� LW\� WR� XVH� WKH� )66� VSHFWURVFRS\� WR� GHWHU� PLQH� WKH�HIILFLHQF\�RI�QRQ�UDGLDWLYH�HQHUJ\ WUDQVIHU�EHWZHHQ�OXPLQHVFHQW�DGPL[WXUHV�LQ PDWHULDOV�EHLQJ�XVHG�LQ�WKH�SODVWLF�VFLQWLOOD� WRU� SURGXFWLRQ�� :LWKLQ� WKH� IUDPH� RI� WKDW DSSURDFK��GHWHUPLQHG�DUH� WKH�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� HPLVVLRQ� IRU� SULPDU\� DQG VHFRQGDU\� OXPLQHVFHQW� DGPL[WXUHV� LQ� WKH 300$���������32323���QDSKWKDOHQH�VFLQ� WLOODWLRQ�FRPSRVLWLRQ� LQ�WKH�QDSKWKDOHQH�FRQ� FHQWUDWLRQ�UDQJH�RI���WR����PDVV����7KH�UH� VXOWV� REWDLQHG� KDYH� VKRZQ� D� QRQ�OLQHDU� FRQ� FHQWUDWLRQ� GHSHQGHQFH� RI� WKH� HOFWURQ H[FLWDWLRQ� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIHU� IURP� QDSKWKDOHQH WR�32323� 5HIHUHQFHV � ���1�1�%DUDVKNRY��2�$�*XQGHU��)OXRUHVFHQW�3RO\� PHUV��(OOLV�+RUZRRG��1HZ�<RUN��/RQGRQ�������� � ���9�6DOLPJDUHHYD��6�.ROHVRY��,QVWUXP��DQG�([S� 7HFKQ������������������ � ���-�%�)�/OR\G�� ,�:�(YHWW�� $QQDO��&KHP��� ��� ������������ � ���7�9�6DNKQR��(�<D�(OL]DURY��1�1�%DUDVKNRY�HW DO���9\VRNRPRO��6RHG��6HU��$������������������ � ���2�$�.KDNKHO���9�(�.U\NXQRYD��-��/XPLQ������ ���������� � ���1�1�%DUDVKNRY�� 7�9�6DNKQR�� 5�1�1XUPXN� KDPHWRY�� 2�$�.KDNKHO�� 3RO\PHU�� ���� ���� ������� � ���(�/�,QPDQQ�-U���-�'�:LQHIRUGQHU��$QDO��&KHP�� ���������������� � ���&�$�3DUNHU�� 3KRWROXPLQHVFHQFH� RI� 6ROXWLRQV� (OVHYLHU��$PVWHUGDP�������� � ���&�$XURXHW��+�%OXPHQIHOG��*�%RVF� HW� DO���1XFO� ,QVW��0HWK��LQ�3K\V��5HV������������������ �˯ËÓ�°�ËÓ˯�L����°�ÒÓ�Òã«�L®ÓL®�}ºä¹ºÏÒ�L��ÓÈ�º°ÓºmL�¹ºãLäË�ÒãäË�È}¯ÒãÈ�� |�k�tȲËã ������cºäÈ�}º����p�vȲӺ iº°ãL�ÎËÓº�°¹Ë}�¯Ò�°�È�LºÓȯӺ��Áã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�L���È�°ÒÓ²¯ºÓÓº�º�°}ÈÓ�mÈÓÓ«�Áã�º¯Ë� °�ËÓ�L��°�ÒÓ�Òã«�L®Óº��}ºä¹ºÏÒ�L��ÓÈ�º°ÓºmL�¹ºãLäË�ÒãäË�È}¯ÒãÈ���Ï�����­L°���ÁËÓLãº}� °ÈϺãLã����­ËÓϺãºä������äȰ������È�ÓÈÁ�ÈãLÓºä�«}�ã äLÓ˰�ËÓ�ÓÒäÒ��ºäL�}ÈäÒ��{äL°� ÓÈÁ�ÈãLÓ�� �� ϯÈÏ}Ȳ� mȯL mÈm°«� m� äËÎȲ� mL�� �� �º� ��� � äȰ�� ��� sÈ� º°ÓºmL� ÈÓÈãLÏ� °¹Ë}�¯Èã ÓÒ²��ÈÓÒ²�º�LÓËÓº�mÓ˰º}�­ËÏmÒ¹¯ºäLÓ mÈã Óº�º�¹Ë¯ËÓº°��ËÓ˯�L��Ï�ÓÈÁ�ÈãLÓ��ÓÈ ����­L°���ÁËÓLãº}°ÈϺãLã����­ËÓϺã���Áº¯ä�mÈÓÓ«�Áã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�ÓÒ²�²È¯È}�˯Ұ�Ò}�¹ºãLä˯Lm� )LJ����� &RQFHQWUDWLRQ� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI�5I��5V� 5I�5V� DQG���5V� IRU�300$���32323���QDSK� WKDOHQH�FRPSRVLWLRQ� 2�$�.KDNKHO�HW�DO����(QHUJ\�WUDQVIHU�LQ�VFLQWLOODWLRQ���� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������