Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections
In the article, the history of the development of Archaeology and Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines at the Lviv University (the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) is traced. The close relationship is emphasised between the teaching and learning of these sciences from the time of...
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irk-123456789-1996432024-10-19T15:42:30Z Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections Bilas, N.M. Tseluiko, O.P. Iсторiя науки In the article, the history of the development of Archaeology and Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines at the Lviv University (the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) is traced. The close relationship is emphasised between the teaching and learning of these sciences from the time of the creation of the classical university in Lviv to the present day, as well as the corresponding educational activities, and scientific achievements. У статті простежено історію розвитку археології та спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін у Львівському університеті. Наголошено на тісному зв’язку у викладанні й вивченні цих дисциплін від часу створення у Львові класичного університету, на науковій та освітній діяльності на цій ниві, відповідному доробку польських та українських учених. Вказано, що, попри давні традиції викладання цих наук у Львівському університеті, їх інституалізація різнилася. Якщо викладання археології забезпечували професори та доценти спеціалізованих кафедр, то спеціальні (допоміжні) історичні дисципліни читали викладачі різних кафедр, у тому числі й археологічних. Частково це пояснювалося міждисциплінарністю наукових інтересів тогочасних істориків, універсальністю застосовуваних ними наукових методик, рівнем оволодіння методологічним апаратом. Викладачі Львівського університету брали активну участь в австрійський та міжвоєнний періоди у діяльності низки наукових товариств, що сприяли розвитку як археології, так і спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін. У перші роки радянізація історичного факультету Львівського університету супроводжувалася істотною перебудовою навчального та наукового процесу, реорганізацією структурних одиниць, змінами у персональному складі. Утім, викладання археології та спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін надалі провадили українські фахівці, що сформувалися як дослідники ще до 1939 р. Вони продовжили традиції міждисциплінарних студій, заклали основи їх становлення у подальшому. Прикладом співпраці археологів та фахівців зі спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін стала діяльність створеного у 1967 р. Музею археології та нумізматики. На чолі цієї інституції почергово стояли фахівці із згаданих наук, провадилася робота зі збереження, збільшення та вивчення нумізматичної та археологічної колекцій, планувалося видання відповідного наукового збірника. Паралельно готувалося відкриття єдиної спеціалізації з археології і допоміжних історичних дисциплін, укладався навчальний посібник зі спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін, низку розділів якого повинні були підготувати фахівці з археології. 2024 Article Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections / N.M. Bilas, O.P. Tseluiko // Археологія. — 2024. — № 2. — С. 103-116. — англ. 0235-3490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2024.02.103 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/199643 902:980](477.83-25) en Археологія Інститут археології НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| language |
English |
| topic |
Iсторiя науки Iсторiя науки |
| spellingShingle |
Iсторiя науки Iсторiя науки Bilas, N.M. Tseluiko, O.P. Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections Археологія |
| description |
In the article, the history of the development of
Archaeology and Special (Auxiliary) Historical
Disciplines at the Lviv University (the Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv) is traced. The close
relationship is emphasised between the teaching
and learning of these sciences from the time of
the creation of the classical university in Lviv
to the present day, as well as the corresponding
educational activities, and scientific achievements. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Bilas, N.M. Tseluiko, O.P. |
| author_facet |
Bilas, N.M. Tseluiko, O.P. |
| author_sort |
Bilas, N.M. |
| title |
Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections |
| title_short |
Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections |
| title_full |
Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections |
| title_fullStr |
Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections |
| title_sort |
archaeology and special historical disciplines at lviv university: obvious and less obvious parallels and intersections |
| publisher |
Інститут археології НАН України |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| topic_facet |
Iсторiя науки |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/199643 |
| citation_txt |
Archaeology and Special Historical Disciplines at Lviv University: Obvious and Less Obvious Parallels and Intersections / N.M. Bilas, O.P. Tseluiko // Археологія. — 2024. — № 2. — С. 103-116. — англ. |
| series |
Археологія |
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| first_indexed |
2024-10-20T04:03:00Z |
| last_indexed |
2024-10-20T04:03:00Z |
| _version_ |
1813404168878030848 |
| fulltext |
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2 103
Iсторiя нaуки
УДК: 902:980](477.83-25)
https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2024.02.103
© N. M. BILAS, O. P. TSELUIKO* 2024
ARCHAEOLOGY AND SPECIAL
HISTORICAL DISCIPLINES AT LVIV
UNIVERSITY: OBVIOUS AND LESS
OBVIOUSPARALLELS AND INTERSECTIONS
In the article, the history of the development of
Archaeology and Special (Auxiliary) Historical
Disciplines at the Lviv University (the Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv) is traced. The close
relationship is emphasised between the teaching
and learning of these sciences from the time of
the creation of the classical university in Lviv
to the present day, as well as the corresponding
educational activities, and scientific achievements.
K e y w o r d s: special (auxiliary) historical
disciplines, numismatics, archaeology, Lviv
University.
Statement of the problem
In one of our publications, we noted the need for
the study of interdisciplinary connections between
Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines and Ar-
chaeology (Білас, Целуйко 2014). In it, we empha-
sised the importance of further studying the history
of the development of such disciplines in Ukrainian
lands and pointed out that one of the aspects of such
studies should be the emergence of complex re-
search that would contain information on the men-
tioned sciences’ tools development, their interac-
tion, and complementarity. In our opinion, the anal-
ysis of such interdisciplinary connections will help
not only to better understand the historiographical
processes in our lands, and will allow studying the
methods and techniques used by scholars, but will
also point out possible ways of developing the tools
of the mentioned disciplines today, outline certain
aspects of further development of the historiograph-
ical discourse, etc. Analysis of the history of certain
structural units of higher education institutions op-
erating in Ukrainian lands should become a part of
the aforementioned research. In this regard, the ex-
perience of the Lviv University is rather interesting,
in which the oldest Departments of Auxiliary His-
torical Disciplines (1784) and Archaeology (1905)
were established in Ukraine, and the development
and teaching of those disciplines were closely in-
terconnected.
Historiography of the issue
In recent years, the number of studies devoted
to the scientific and educational activities of Lviv
University historians has been growing exponen-
tially both in Ukraine and abroad, primarily in Po-
land. Without elaborating on the causes of this phe-
nomenon in detail, let us point out that its visible
results have become a number of prepared disserta-
tion studies (R. V. Lavretskyi, N. M. Bilas, P. S. Yu-
reiko, S. O. Kozlovskyi, etc.), several individual and
collective monographs (eds. Вінниченко, Целуйко
2000; eds. Zaszkilniak, Sierżęga 2015; Maternicki,
Pisulińska, Zaszkilniak (red.) 2016; Тарнавський
2016), articles in the Encyclopedia of the Lviv Uni-
versity (ENCYCLOPEDIA 2011—2014), etc. On
the pages of monographs and scientific collections
describing the entire the Lviv historical corpora-
tion, the predominant place is given to the activi-
ty of historians of Lviv University (Ситник 2012;
Булик 2014; Maternicki (red.) 2007; Pisulińs-
ka 2012; Maternicki, Sierżęga, Zaszkilniak (red.)
2014). Thanks to the publications of N. M. Bilas,
N. M. Bulyk, O. S. Sytnyk, O. P. Tseluiko, S J. Ci-
ara, R. M. Shust, and other authors, our knowledge
about the place and role of Archaeology and Special
(Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines in the training of
* BILAS Nаtaliia Mykolaiivna — PhD, Associate Professor,
Department of Archaeology and Special Historical Studies,
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, ORCID: 0000-
0002-2185320, nataliya.bilas@lnu.edu.ua
TSELUIKO Oleksandr Petrovych — PhD, Associate
Professor, Department of Ancient History of Ukraine and
Special Historical Studies, Ivan Franko National University
of Lviv, ORCID: 0000-0001-89736927, oleksandr.
tseluyko@lnu.edu.ua
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2104
students at this higher educational institution, the
activities of the certain structural units, their lead-
ership, and employees has significantly increased.
However, despite these improvements, it is
worth emphasising some aspects that require fur-
ther elaboration. They include, among other things,
studying the experience of interdisciplinary coop-
eration of researchers of various branches of his-
torical science, tracing the path of their formation
and development, institutionalisation of scientific
and educational activities, etc. This study will try
to fill one of these gaps, related to the development
and formation of Archaeology and Special (Auxil-
iary) Historical Disciplines at Lviv University.
Presentation of the material
Although the official date of establishment of the
Lviv University is considered to be 1661, the classi-
cal secular European higher educational institution
was established in the city only after the coming of
the Austrians in 1784. At that time, the so-called
Emperor Joseph University in Lviv (the Josephin-
ian University) began its work, which, according
to the tradition of the time, consisted of four facul-
ties: Law, Medicine, Theology and Philosophy. The
latter included a number of both natural and exact
sciences, as well as humanitarian departments; dur-
ing their first years, the aforementioned faculty pre-
pared students of other faculties for studying at the
university. In the early 1780s, Gottfried van Swiet-
en, a Councilor of the State of Emperor Joseph II,
drew up a curriculum for the faculties of Philosophy
of the Habsburg state universities. The curriculum
stipulated that, in addition to one ordinary Depart-
ment of General History, universities should have
two more extraordinary Departments of History1.
One of them (Heraldry and Diplomacy) would tra-
ditionally focus on the study of the history of the
document and the contemporary practice of using
coat of arms images, while the other — Antiquities
Study (in the terminology of the time — Altertum-
skunde, Archaeology) and the Department of Nu-
mismatics — paid attention to material items, asso-
ciated with the study of the past (Szymański 1991,
p. 318).
Such a combination of these disciplines within
the framework of the activities of one department
should not be surprising, because archaeological
studies then had the character of numismatic-heral-
dic, and church-historical documentary studies, and
archaeology itself was closely related to the envi-
ronment of classical-linguistic studies. However, at
the Lviv University (as well as at the Prague Uni-
versity), instead of two, there was only one Depart-
1 The division into ordinary and extraordinary departments
outlined the list of mandatory (ordinary) and auxiliary
(extraordinary) sciences.
Fig. 1. The building of the Lviv University, in which was located the Department of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory at the
beginning of the 20th century
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2 105
ment of Extraordinary History, where Diplomacy,
Heraldry, and Numismatics were taught. It is not
known whether the head of that department, Profes-
sor Gottfried Uhlich (1743—1794), gave any infor-
mation on archaeology in his lectures. Archaeology
was not mentioned in the official titles of that schol-
ar and his successors (L. Zehnmark (1753—1814),
F. Vuchych (1784—1818)) in the position of the
head of the department. We emphasise this because,
at the Prague (Charles) University, where a similar
department had been operating since 1784, its head
F. Steinsky (1752—1816) was titled a Professor of
“Diplomatiky, Numismatiky, Heraldiky a Starožit-
ností” (“Diplomatics, Numismatics, Heraldry and
Archaeology”) (Katedra… 2022).
The Emperor Joseph University in Lviv, due to
a number of political circumstances, did not exist
for long and ceased its activities in 1805. For some
time, a Lyceum operated in the city, based on which
the so-called Franciscan University was founded
in 1817. Before that, there was a discussion about
the structure of the new higher educational institu-
tion, what faculties and departments would be es-
tablished in it. In 1816, the Senate and the assem-
bly of professors of the Department of Philosophy
of the Lviv Lyceum prepared documents that made
provisions for the establishment of general and a
number of extraordinary departments at the univer-
sity, including the Departments of Archaeology and
Numismatics, Old Slavic Diplomacy and Sphragis-
tics. The need to teach Archaeology and Heraldry
at the University was referred to in another similar
document, the author of which was local govern-
ment official (uriadnyk) F. K. von Hochfelden (Fin-
kel, Starzyński 1894, pp. 198, 202). However, none
of the mentioned plans were implemented, and the
constitutive documents of the Franciscan Universi-
ty did not stipulate the establishment of such depart-
ments.
An attempt to establish the Department of Auxil-
iary Historical Disciplines in 1821 was unsuccessful:
the competitive tender announced at that time was
recognised as not having taken place and the case it-
self was shelved. In 1826, the faculty of Philosophy
submitted a memorandum to the Halychyna Region-
al Governorate about the need to teach archaeology
at Lviv University, but despite the obvious relevance
of the problem, it did not receive a positive decision
either then or in the following years. Under those
conditions, the teaching of auxiliary historical disci-
plines was entrusted to the head of the Department
of General History, J. Mauss (1778—1856), who de-
livered them on a regular basis until his retirement
at the end of 1848. It should be noted that Numis-
matics was sporadically among those disciplines, the
lectures of which were combined with archaeology,
which at that time was traditionally understood as the
science of ancient sites and objects (Ilkiv-Swydny-
cki, Kaczmar 2016, p. 78).
A significant restructuring of scientific and edu-
cational activities at the Lviv University is dated to
the second half of the 19th — the beginning of the
20th centuries. That was because of the transition
from universities with scholastic lectures, aimed at
acquiring the necessary knowledge, to research-type
universities (called Humboldt model universities).
Since, then universities turned into research institu-
tions where science was inextricably combined with
the reformed educational process. It was assumed
that such changes would contribute to the intellectual
development of the individual, the growth of the cul-
tural level, etc. (Кришко 2014). This model stipula-
ted a certain freedom in teaching and learning, which
allowed it to depart from the strict requirements of
the previous standards. Those changes had a pos-
itive effect on the development of Special (Auxil-
iary) Historical Disciplines and Archaeology at the
Lviv University. It did not always lead to rapid insti-
tutional changes. Thus, the Department of Classical
Archaeology and Prehistory emerged at this univer-
sity only in 1905, but the establishment of a sepa-
rate Department of Auxiliary Historical Sciences, de-
spite certain attempts, never happened. However, it
did not mean that that these disciplines and sciences
were on the margins of historical studies and lectures
in the specified period. On the contrary, researchers
confidently point out that a new tradition of teaching
auxiliary historical sciences was initiated by a num-
ber of Polish and Ukrainian professors at that time.
It was mainly about theoretical courses and practical
classes in Diplomacy and Paleography delivered by
the professors of the Department of History of Po-
land (K. F. Liske (1838—1891), T. Wojciechowski
(1838—1919), S. Zakrzewski (1873—1936)) and the
Department of History of Ukraine (officially — the
Department of World History with a Special Over-
view of the History of Eastern Europe, M. S. Hru-
shevskyi (1866—1934)). The necessity for such
studies was explained by their importance in train-
ing future historians, forming their professional tools,
which would enable independent source studies, par-
ticipation in archaeographic projects, etc. Howev-
er, other disciplines were not forgotten as well. The
aforementioned K. F. Liske, as the students remem-
bered, was ready to give the necessary explanations
to their requests regarding Sрhragistics (Sigillogra-
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2106
phy), Archaeology, or History of Arts, help with the
relevant literature (Sawczyński 1891, p. 522), and in
1873 his work Archaeological Models was published
(Liske 1873).
In parallel, courses in Historical Geography at
the Lviv University were delivered by I. Szaranie-
wicz (1829—1901), a Professor of the Department
of History of Austria, whose activity, according to
the famous Ukrainian archaeologist Ya. I. Paster-
nak, “...as a practical researcher and populariser
of native antiquities, as well as his work as a prop-
agator of respect for them, assured him the honor-
able place of a pioneer among all archaeologists
of Eastern Halychyna...”2 (Пастернак 1929). A
certain part of the materials gained by I. Szaranie-
wicz during archaeological surveys and excava-
tions enriched the source base of Special (Auxilia-
ry) Historical Disciplines, and the scholar himself
widely used both the results of his own archaeo-
logical research and genealogical research in his
historical studies (Szaraniewicz 1886, p. 40).
It is known that Professor M. S. Hrushevskyi
also contributed to the development of Archaeol-
ogy and Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines
(Бандрівський 1994, p. 43-44; Целуйко 2022,
p. 163). K. Hadaczek (1873—1914), the first Pro-
fessor of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory at
the Lviv University, while studying at the Vienna
University (1897—1900), specialised not only in
the aforementioned disciplines, but also in numis-
matics, collected antiquities during his vacations,
and independently conducted archaeological sur-
veys. In 1901, a collection of antique numismatic
and archaeological materials, which K. Hadaczek
managed to collect in the lands of Eastern Haly-
chyna, was published (Hadaczek 1901). A collec-
tion of Roman coins formed by him evidenced his
not accidental interest in Numismatics. In 1918, a
few years after the tragic death of the professor, at
the “Auction of Archaeological Collections Ded-
icated to the Holy Memory of Professor K. Had-
aczek”, which were in court deposit, the price of
the numismatic collection increased so much that
representatives of Lviv public museums recog-
nised it as too high compared to the real value (al-
though the collection included coins from a trove
found in 1908 in a ravine near Kasperivtsi village
in Chortkiv region, Ternopil Oblast) (Білас 2017,
p. 420). Such a broad interdisciplinary nature of
scientific interests and areas of expertise of con-
2 Hereinafter translated from the Ukrainian by O. P. Tseulko
and N. M. Bilas.
temporary historians was not something surpris-
ing for the scientific environment and showed both
the universality of the scientific methods used and
the level of mastery of the relevant methodological
apparatus. However, it should be remembered that
the reverse side of that was often the absence of
highly specialised historical departments, as well
as the obstacles to their establishment. After all,
let’s not forget that a number of sciences, includ-
ing archaeology and a complex of special (auxilia-
ry) historical disciplines in the 19th century, were
just passing the stage of their academic formation.
Over the interwar period both Archaeology and
Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines got fur-
ther development at Lviv higher educational insti-
tutions. At that time, there were several institutions
that taught History in the city, due to the Polonisation
of the Lviv University (at that time it was named af-
ter King Jan II Kazimierz) and the establishment by
Ukrainians of their own institutions — the Ukrain-
ian Secret University (functioned in 1921—1925)
and the Lviv Theological Academy. As for the Jan
Kazimierz University, it did not come to the estab-
lishment of a separate Department of Auxiliary His-
torical Disciplines again, although the teaching of
such disciplines was not interrupted. Courses in Di-
plomacy, Paleography and Numismatics, practical
classes in those disciplines, and Sphragistics were
delivered by professors and employees (associate
professors, assistant professors) of the Department
of General History of the Middle Ages. Its head also
managed the Institution (Institute) of Auxiliary His-
torical Sciences, a special educational and scientif-
ic institution, aimed to become a base for students
to master relevant skills and abilities, established in
the early 1920s.
The first head of the Department of Gener-
al History of the Middle Ages, Professor J. Ptaśnik
(1876—1930), used to study archaeology at the Ger-
man Archaeological Institute under the supervision
of C. Hülsen (1858—1935). Certain special (auxilia-
ry) historical disciplines were also taught in other de-
partments. In 1920, the Department of Ancient His-
tory was established, and in November 1921, it was
headed by Professor K. Chyliński (1881—1939). It
is known that he was fond of archaeology and nu-
mismatics, and owned a rather respectable collec-
tion of coins. His research paper Związek miast grec-
kich Azji Mniejszej w końcu V-go wieku published
in Krakow in 1922 testified, among other things, to
the scholar’s good command of ancient numismatics
and relevant literature (Wichnera 2019, p. 96). Obvi-
ously, the knowledge of that Special (Auxiliary) His-
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2 107
torical Discipline and Archaeology helped Professor
K. Chyliński in preparing a course in Historical Ge-
ography of Ancient World, which he delivered spo-
radically in the late 1920s and 1930s.
The members of the Department of Classical
Archaeology, the only educational and scientific
unit of the same-name specialisation, were engaged
in research and teaching of the history of the
material and spiritual culture of the Mediterranean
civilisations of the Hellenistic era; special attention
was paid to the advanced study of antique art. The
head of the Department, Professor E. Bulanda
(1882—1951) delivered compulsory courses in
Classical Archaeology and History of Acient Art
and supervised the work of archaeological seminars.
In the 1930/1931 academic year Latin Epigraphy
was included in the curriculum of that major, and in
the amount of two hours per week during the 1st—
3rd trimesters it was delivered by the aforementioned
professor. In the following years, the name of the
subject was changed (“Outline of Latin Epigraphy”,
“Main Problems of Latin Epigraphy”, “Selected
Excerpts of Latin Epigraphy”), but it remained
in the curriculum until 1939. For the 1939/1940
academic year, another course in Special (Auxiliary)
Historical Disciplines was planned for students of
Classical Archaeology. It was named “Measures,
Weights and Coins in the Roman Province of
Syria”, and it had to be delivered by private-docent
Atanazy Urban Fic (1901—1943), one hour per
week during the third trimester (Білас 2012, p. 372-
375). The outbreak of the World War II and the
incorporation of Western Ukraine into the Ukrainian
SSR prevented the implementation of the academic
year program which was supposed to be started on
October 3, 1939.
There was a long-standing tradition of delivering
another discipline — Biblical Archaeology for
students who majored in Theology at the Lviv
University. Theologians, first of all, were interested
in those archaeological studies dealing with
biblical history and that could confirm the claims
expounded in the Bible using material objects
of the past. According to documentary evidence,
the first to deliver Biblical Archaeology at Lviv
University was Rev. J. Kuharski (1806—1874),
who headed the Department of Old Testament,
Bible and Oriental Languages in 1836. The 1890s
were particularly successful for the development
of Archaeology in the Faculty of Theology when
three experts with appropriate knowledge and
skills worked there — Rev. K. Sarnicki (1832—
1909), Rev. J. Bilczewski (1860—1923) and
Rev. E. Skrochowski (1834—1895). During the
interwar 20 years, archaeological issues in the
Faculty of Theology were dealt to a certain extent
by the Department of History of Ecclesiastical Art
through a special review of Christian Archaeology
(established in 1919), the Department of Biblical
Studies of the New Testament, and the Department
of Biblical Studies of the Old Testament (Professors
W. Żyła (1877—1925), P. Stach (1886—1961),
A. Klawek (1890—1969), Associate Professors
J. Poplicha (1888—?) and A. U. Fic) (Білас 2007,
p. 80-87). It is interesting that in 1925—1939, the
head of the Department of Classical Archaeology,
Professor E. Bulanda, taught in the Faculty of
Theology at Lviv University, and in 1930 he was
appointed deputy head of the Institute of Christian
Archaeology and History of Ecclesiastical Art. As a
regular professor of the Department of Ecclesiastical
Art, Church Music and Hygiene, he delivered
courses in Christian Archaeology (three hours
per week in the 1st—3rd trimesters), History of
Ecclesiastical Art and Artistic Objects Conservation
(Білас 2012, p. 359, 376-377).
The formation of a sufficient basis for the
development of Classical Archaeology at the
Lviv University was also facilitated by the quite
Fig. 2. Didactic material from the Archives of the Department
of Classical Archaeology of prof. E. Bulanda
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fruitful development of such a Special (Auxiliary)
Historical Discipline as Papyrology during the
interwar period. S. Witkowski (1866—1950),
R. Gansiniec (1888—1958), J. Manteuffel-Szoege
(1900—1954) and F. K. Smolka (1882—1942)
contributed to that, as they delivered theoretical
and practical courses and prepared the first Polish-
language textbook on this discipline (Smolka,
Manteuffel 1933). In addition, the aforementioned
lecturers conducted classes in Greek and Latin
Paleography, which gave their students the
opportunity to acquire the necessary knowledge
for working with antiquities.
Lviv University lecturers took an active part in
a number of scientific societies’ activities during
the Austrian and interwar periods that contributed
to the development of Archaeology and Special
(Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines. One of them
was the Numismatic and Archaeological Society in
Krakow, which had been functioning since the end
of the 19th century. It is known that the Institution
of Classical Archaeology of the Jagiellonian
University was quite hospitable to that society, but
Lviv archaeologists cooperated with the society
as well. As mentioned above, far back in 1901, a
research paper by the future head of the Classical
Archaeology Department of the Lviv University,
K. Hadaczek, appeared on the pages of its print
periodical. During the interwar period, among the
Society’s members, subscribers (prenumerants)
to its print periodical were Professor E. Bulanda
and two structural units of the Lviv University
— the Institute of Classical Archaeology and
the Institution (Institute) of Auxiliary Historical
Sciences3.
Several courses in Special (Auxiliary) His-
torical Disciplines, in particular Paleography and
Diplomacy (Professor B. O. Barvinskyi (1880—
1958), I. S. Svientsitskyi (1876—1956)) were
delivered to students at the Ukrainian Secret
University. A certain place was given to such
disciplines in the lectures at the Lviv Theological
Academy. Within its walls, unlike the Secret
University, Archaeology courses were delivered.
There were several reasons for that. The Academy,
which was established in 1928 on the initiative
3 Spis członków Tow. Numizmat. w Krakowie w r. 1936.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczno-Archeologiczne, t. ХІХ.
Kraków, 1938, s. 152-153. It is noteworthy that one of
the copies of this print periodical stored in the Scientific
Library of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
comes from the collection of books of the Institution
(Institute) of Classical Archaeology.
and support of Metropolitan A. Sheptytskyi
(1865—1944), was supposed to become the
Ukrainian Catholic University with a number of
faculties. Theology originated first, and after a
few years, Philosophy was established. Ukrainian
professors, including experts in Special (Auxiliary)
Historical Disciplines and Archaeology, primarily
ecclesiastical, were invited to work at the Academy.
Interest in this science was not accidental. Just
before the World War I, in 1909, the teaching
of a short course in Church Archaeology was
introduced in the Greek Catholic Theological
Seminary in Lviv by J. Bocian (1879—1926), its
future rector (1910—1914), and later bishop. At
the same time, the Ukrainian National Museum
became the base for the training of a number of
educatees of the Seminary. On the initiative of
the Seminary rectorate and with the assistance
of the museum directorate (I. S. Svientsitskyi), a
two-month course in Local History and Church
Archaeology was organised for those seminarians
(“the chosen group”) who were preparing for
the planned expedition (“systematic tour”) over
Halychyna (Свєнціцький 1927; 1930). During
the interwar period, I. S. Svientsitsky delivered the
course in Church Archaeology at the Theological
Academy along with History of Ecclesiastical Art.
Fundamental changes in the work of Lviv
higher educational institutions took place after the
annexation of the Western Ukrainian lands by the
USSR. The Sovietisation of the Lviv University
(since 1940 it was called the Ivan Franko Lviv
State University) was accompanied not only by the
inculcation of ideological dictates and new forms
of relations, but also by a significant restructuring
of the educational and scientific processes,
reorganisation of structural units, and changes in
teaching staff. The attempt to organise a separate
Department of Auxiliary Historical Sciences at
that time was unsuccessful again: it existed for
several months (from December 1939 to February
1940), after which it was liquidated, and its head
T. Modelski (1881—1967), who in the interwar
period, replaced J. Ptaśnik in the position of head of
the Department of General History of Middle Ages
and the Institution (Institute) of Auxiliary Historical
Sciences, continued to work as a professor in the
Department of History of Middle Ages.
In November 1939, the Department of Arc-
haeology was headed by Professor Ya. I. Pasternak
(1892—1969). This famous Ukrainian arc-
haeologist also contributed to the development
of Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines
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in Halychyna. While being the director of the
Cultural and Historical Museum of the Shevchen-
ko Scientific Society, he was responsible for its
collections, including coins, banknotes, seals,
orders, and medals, and introduced into scientific
circulation the information about some of those
items. Ya. I. Pasternak prepared and delivered a
report about the seal with the inscription “Dneslovo”
(‘Днѣслово’) from Belz and a series of studies about
the antique coins at the meetings of the Shevchen-
ko Scientific Society. In one of the studies (Newly
Discovered Roman Antiquities from Halychyna and
Volyn), a list of Roman coin troves from Ukraine
known to the author, with the location of finds on
a map, was presented. Taking that into account, it
is not surprising that Ya. I. Pasternak planned to
engage experts on Special (Auxiliary) Historical
Disciplines in training future archaeologists. In
the training plan of Roman Tymchuk, the post-
graduate student of the Department of Archaeology,
in the fourth semester there was a special course
in Numismatics and Epigraphy (20 hours), which
would have been delivered by the famous Lviv
Museum expert Rudolph Menkitskyi (1887—
1942)4. He, despite the lack of a completed, in our
usual understanding, higher education, enjoyed a
well-deserved reputation as one of the best experts
in Numismatics and other special (auxiliary)
historical disciplines in the city, and that is why he
was invited to deliver the course in Heraldry and
Paleography (“Heraldyka i Historja Pisma”)5 to the
students in the All-technical Faculty of the Lviv
Polytechnic in the 1930s. In addition, in 1940—
1941, R. I. Menkitskyi was the head of the Section
of numismatics in the newly established Lviv State
Historical Museum, which work was headed by the
aforementioned Ya. I. Pasternak.
Back in 1920, the famous Polish historian F. Bu-
jak (1875—1953) began teaching at the Lviv Uni-
versity. He was one of the founders of the School
of Economic History in Poland and a teacher of a
whole galaxy of talented students. Given the scope
of F. Bujak’s research interests and the general sub-
ject matter of the work of the department he head-
ed, it is understandable that the scholar showed in-
terest in a number of special (auxiliary) historical
4 The State Archives of Lviv Oblast (hereinafter – SALO),
found Р-119, list 1, file no. 2023, p. 3.
5 Program Politechniki Lwowskiej na rok akademicki
1930/31. Lwów, 1930, s. 205; Program Politechniki Lwow-
skiej na rok akademicki 1931/32. Lwów, 1931, s. 202; Pro-
gram Politechniki Lwowskiej na rok akademicki 1933/34.
Lwów, 1933, s. 201.
disciplines, in particular in Numismatics and His-
torical Geography, and he even delivered several
courses in the latter in the interwar period. After the
advent of Soviet rule, he had continued to work in
the Faculty of History and prepared a study on the
expansion of the Eastern Slavic tribes of Vyatychi
and Radymychi. This study is especially interest-
ing given the author’s use of the methods of some
special (auxiliary) historical disciplines (in particu-
lar, Historical Geography, Historical Toponymy),
and Philology (Eponymy). However, F. Bujak did
not forget about Archaeology either. As the author
wrote, “If we are talking about the study of migra-
tion in the ancient past, for which the written sourc-
es are very few or do not exist at all, we must, out
of necessity, turn to the comparison of the traces of
material culture, which the prehistoric Archaeology
of both countries can provide.”6 It is not surprising
that F. Bujak referred in his work to the books of ar-
chaeologists who studied the Eastern Slavic tribes,
in particular when outlining the territory and bor-
ders of their habitation.
The transformation of the Lviv University con-
tinued in the post-war period. This involved chang-
es in the teaching staff, some of whom, like the
mentioned T. Modelskyi or Ya. I. Pasternak, left
the city, the introduction of standardised curricu-
lums and plans for student training, the increasing
of ideological control over research and education-
al work, etc. Both Archaeology and Special (Aux-
iliary) Historical Disciplines had become targets to
the further restructuring of the Faculty of Histo-
ry with the merging of its departments. However,
Archaeology was mentioned in the name of one
of the departments that emerged in 1944—1949
— the Department of Ancient History and Archae-
ology — until it was merged with the Department
of History of Middle Ages (the new name was the
Department of Ancient History and Middle Ages).
Archaeology was delivered in that department
throughout the Soviet period, with the exception
of the second half of the 1960s, when V. D. Baran
(1927—2019), a part-time lecturer in the Depart-
ment of History of the Ukrainian SSR, taught
the discipline. The teaching of Special (Auxilia-
ry) Historical Disciplines was not the prerogative
of a single department and depended on the place
where the professors and associate professors who
delivered those courses worked.
The common thing was that in the first post-
war years, the main burden of delivering courses
6 SALO, found Р-119, list 3, file no. 104, p. 220.
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in Archaeology and the mentioned disciplines fell
on the shoulders of a number of older or younger
local Ukrainians, whose minds and characters had
been completely set in earlier times. Archaeologists
M. Yu. Smishko (1900—1981) and I. D. Starchuk
(1894—1950), lecturers of Paleography Ye. A. Yat-
skevych (1899—1961) and Ya. P. Kis (1918—
1986) and I.-Yu. V. Shpytkovskyi (1880—1969),
an expert in Sphragistics and Heraldry studied in
those old, Austrian or Polish gymnasiums and uni-
versities, had a good command of foreign (classi-
cal and new) languages, and felt familiar in foreign
literature. Quite often, they worked at the intersec-
tion of sciences, which allowed them to apply in-
terdisciplinary methods. It was not surprising that
archaeologist I. D. Starchuk in the 1949/1950 aca-
demic year delivered the course in Latin Epigraphy
for a small group of students (only four people) of
the third year7, and Professor Ya. P. Kis at a certain
stage of his scientific activity was interested in the
ethnogenesis of the Slavs.
In parallel, since the late 1940s, work on the
creation of two educational and methodologi-
7 SALO, found Р-119, list 17, file no. 150, p. 10-16; file no.
151, p. 2rev.; file no. 152, p. 2.
cal units in the Faculty of History — Museums
(Rooms) of Archaeology and Auxiliary Histori-
cal Disciplines — was carried out. They aimed to
take care of the relevant collections stored at the
Lviv University, to become a base for conduct-
ing practical classes with students, and the centres
of their scientific activities. However, the process
of their establishment was rather difficult. There
are already publications in historiography describ-
ing how much effort I.-Yu. V. Shpytkovskyi and
the leadership of the Faculty had to make to in-
itiate the departmental Museum of Sphragistics
and Numismatics. The situation was the same
with the Room (Museum) of Archaeology. In the
educational documentation of the late 1940s and
1950s, it was sometimes mentioned as already es-
tablished, or only as being in the process of for-
mation. After all, it did not come to its actual es-
tablishment then. Obstacles on the path, as in the
case of the aforementioned Museum of Sphragis-
tics and Numismatics, were the sluggishness of the
Soviet educational bureaucratic machine, exces-
sive centralisation and unification of higher school
management, and, often, a lack of understanding
of the need for experts of the appropriate level: in
the 1950s, in Archaeology at the Faculty of Histo-
Fig. 3. I.-Yu. Shpytkovskyi with students at the Museum of Sphragistics and Numismatics (1950s)
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ry were delivered by an expert in folk culture of
the peasantry of the 17th century L. V. Svystuno-
vych (1923—1989).
The official opening in 1959 of the all-faculty
Room of Auxiliary Historical Disciplines gave
the opportunities for the establishment of the
Archaeological Museum in the future. Almost
immediately after the aforementioned Room was
opened, plans were made for its enlarging and the
opening of new sections, including the Section
of Archaeology8, and already in the 1960s, the
leadership of the Faculty thought of the Room as
a base for the new Archaeological Museum9. In
the end, it happened, and the Room of Auxiliary
Historical Disciplines was transformed into the
Museum of Archaeology and Numismatics,
which officially opened its doors in 196710. It is
noteworthy that V. V. Zvarych (1919—1998), the
previous head of the Room of Auxiliary Historical
Disciplines, was appointed the first curator of the
Museum, and only later he was replaced in that
position by archaeologist R. M. Chaika (1943—
2005). V. V. Zvarych is known to be an expert in
numismatics, the author of some relevant research
papers, and one of the greatest historical book-
bestsellers of that time — the “Numismatic
Dictionary”, which was reissued several times in
Ukrainian and Russian languages. V. V. Zvarych
delivered a number of lecture courses in special
(auxiliary) historical discipline, including the
special course “Monetary Systems of the Peoples
of the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe”, which
was designed for students-archaeologists majoring
in the Department of Ancient History and Middle
Ages.
As for the Museum of Archaeology and
Numismatics, since its establishment, it had
successfully combined both the newly formed
archaeological exposition and stands with
coins and seals. The Museum was one of the
hallmarks of the Lviv University, a place where
distinguis-hed guests were brought. Appropriate
museum accounting and scientific activities
were carried out in the Museum, and practical
classes in Numismatics were also conducted. It
was there that under the supervision of V. Baran
the student scientific Archaeological class was
established and started its activities, among the
8 SALO, found Р-119, list 17, file no. 373, p. 3.
9 SALO, found Р-119, list 17, file no. 571, p. 13.
10 See its history in: Погоральський 2007.
members of which was the future famous scholar
D. N. Kozak (1944—2014)11.
After V. V. Zvarych (he moved to a teaching
position in one of the Faculty’s departments),
in November 1972, the Museum was headed by
R. M. Chaika, a researcher of Slavic and ancient Rus
antiquities. At that time, the work of that institut-
ion was mainly associated with archaeology,
although the name Museum of Archaeology and
Numismatics was preserved in the future, and
starting from 1975, another, broader name was
sometimes used — the Museum of Archaeology
and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines12. In December
1974, in order to intensify expositional and scientific
activities, a Museum Council was established in it,
which included both archaeologists and experts in
special (auxiliary) historical disciplines: Professor
Ya. P. Kis (chairman), R. M. Chaika (secretary),
V. V. Zvarych, Professor Yu. M. Grossman (1919—
2003), Associate Professors M. H. Krykun (1932—
2023), M. A. Peleshchyshyn (1933—1999) and
Assistant Professor I. A. Lisovyi (born 1944)13. The
preserved documentation of the meetings of that
Council allows mentioning that it was supposed
to promote scientific work both in the field of
archaeology and in auxiliary historical disciplines.
At the same time, the idea of issuing a museum
scientific collection totaling 10—12 printed
pages was cherished14. The issue of re-organising
the student research class on Archaeology and
Auxiliary Historical Disciplines, supposedly to
improve educational work in the Faculty, was
raised. Such a combination of archaeology and the
other disciplines mentioned above in the work of
the Museum was also observed in the future: in
the 1980s — early 1990s, until the time when the
first modernisation of the Museum was carried out
(it did not affect the numismatic and sphragistics
expositions) and a separate Room of Special
(Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines was established
in 1996.
11 SALO, found Р-119, list 17, file no. 614, p. 14.
12 See for example: Archives of the Archaeological Mu-
seum of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
(hereinafter the AM LNU Archives). The work plan of the
Museum of Archaeology and Auxiliary Historical Disci-
plines for the 2nd semester of 1975, p. 1.
13 The AM LNU Archives. Report on the work of the Muse-
um of Archaeology and Numismatics for 1974, p. 3; Report
on the work of the Museum of Archaeology and Auxiliary
Historical Disciplines for 1975, p. 1.
14 The AM LNU Archives. Protocol no. 4 of the meeting of the
Museum Council of the Museum of Archaeology and Auxil-
iary Historical Disciplines of October 15, 1975, p. 1–2.
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In the second half of the 20th century, the De-
partment of Ancient and Medieval History tradi-
tionally, along with Archaeology, provided teach-
ing of several courses in Special (Auxiliary) Histor-
ical Disciplines. At the end of the 1970s, the course
“Epigraphy: Archaeological Written Finds. Their
Language and Decoding” for students of the ma-
jor was conducted by I. A. Lisovyi, Associate Pro-
fessor of the Department, and expert in Ancient His-
tory. From time to time, in the aforementioned De-
partment, a major in Archaeology had taken place,
and even an attempt was made to organise a major in
which, along with Archaeology, an important place
would have been given to the mentioned disciplines.
In the repository of the Archive of the Ivan Franko
National University of Lviv, there are several docu-
ments prepared by the Department aiming to estab-
lish the “Archaeology and Auxiliary Historical Dis-
ciplines” specialisation in the 1970s. A preliminary
list of disciplines that were planned to be delivered
to students has been preserved, with a short explan-
atory note in which the establishment of such spe-
cialisation was justified by the need to train archae-
ologists, museum workers, teachers (the latter should
be able to manage local history activities), and ex-
perts with proper mastery of auxiliary historical dis-
ciplines. A preliminary list of specialisation disci-
plines included the following courses: “Methodolo-
gy of Archaeological Excavations” (be delivered by
M. A. Peleshchyshyn); “Archaeology of Antiquity,
Cities of the Northern Black Sea Region. Epigraphy”
(I. A. Lisovyi), “Archival Studies” (Yu. M. Gross-
man), “Museology and Basics of Local History Ac-
tivities” (H. Yu. Herbilskyi (1904—1991), M. A. Pe-
leshchyshyn), “Methodology of Scientific Re-
search and Basics of Archaeology” (Yu. Grossman,
Ya. P. Kis), “Sphragistics, Heraldry, Emblematics,
Genealogy” (V. V. Zvarych), “Chronology, Metrol-
ogy, Latin Paleography” (Ya. Kis), “Historical Ge-
ography of Foreign Countries” (A. O. Lozinskyi),
“Historical Bibliography” (A. O. Lozinskyi and li-
brarian V. N. Kutyk (1930—2003)), “Latin Lan-
guage” (I. A. Lisovyi), “Art Studies”, “Source Stud-
ies of History of Foreign Countries” (I. A. Lisovyi,
A. O. Lozinskyi, H. M. Kyparenko (born 1936),
M. H. Krykun), “Documentation and Basics of Re-
cords Management. Unified State Records Manage-
ment System” (unnamed employee of the Archive
Department of the Lviv Regional Executive Com-
mittee)15.
15 The Archives of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
(hereinafter – the LNU Archives), found Р-119, list 17, file
no. [185], p. 5-6.
The establishment of such a specialisation did
not happen then; however, Special (Auxiliary) His-
torical Disciplines found their place in other spe-
cialisations that were established in the Department
for full-time or part-time students. As part of one of
them, it was planned to conduct a special seminar
“Auxiliary Historical Disciplines and Their Impor-
tance for the Professional Activities of a Historian”,
and to deliver courses in Ancient Epigraphy, Histor-
ical Geography, Numismatics, etc. It is noteworthy
that courses in Historical Chronology and Metrolo-
gy should be conducted by archaeologist M. A. Pe-
leshchyshyn16. In 1984/1985, the Department estab-
lished the specialisation “General History of Antiq-
uity and the Middle Ages” for extramural students
of the third year of study, the curriculum of which
in the fourth year of study included a special semi-
nar (30 hours of practical classes) on Auxiliary His-
torical Disciplines, namely Historical Geography,
Chronology, Metrology, Archival Studies, and Ar-
cheography. Yu. Grossman, Volodymyr Kryvonos
and M. A. Peleshchyshyn were supposed to conduct
that special seminar17.
Since the mid-1970s, the Department of Ancient
and Medieval History had been taking steps to pre-
pare a textbook on Auxiliary Historical Disciplines.
Work in that direction was sporadically resumed lat-
er, and the 11-printed-page textbook was to be pub-
lished in 1982. One of the disciplines to be represent-
ed in it was supposed to be Epigraphy, which, as the
authors predicted, would discuss the significance of
archaeological written sources. The aforementioned
textbook, the degree of readiness of which in the ear-
ly 1980s was estimated by the authors at 50%, was
not published, repeating the fate of many other ed-
ucational publications that were planned, but never
prepared or published in the Faculty of History, in-
cluding the textbook on archaeology, which was un-
dertaken to be prepared by V. D. Baran in 196718.
The further search for the role and place of ar-
chaeology and special (auxiliary) historical disci-
plines in teaching History at the Lviv University
continued after the restoration of Ukraine’s inde-
pendence. That was reflected in structural changes
in the Faculty. Back in the 1990s, the Department
of Ancient History of Ukraine and Special His-
torical Disciplines was established (subsequent-
ly— the Department of Ancient History of Ukraine
16 The LNU Archives, found Р-119, list 17, file no. 205, p. 97-
98.
17 The LNU Archives, found Р-119, list 17, file no. 206, p. 66.
18 SALO, found P-119, list 17, file no. 601, p. 20.
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and Archival Studies, since the summer of 2023
— the Department of Ancient History of Ukraine
and Special Historical Studies); a separate Depart-
ment of Archaeology was established (after 1994
— the Department of Archaeology, Antiquity and
Middle Ages, since 2004 — the Department of Ar-
chaeology and Ancient History, since 2010 — the
Department of Archaeology and Special Historical
Studies, since the summer of 2023 — the Depart-
ment of Archaeology and History of Ancient Civi-
lisations). In 1999, the Institute of Archaeology of
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv was es-
tablished, and the issuing of two specialised sci-
entific print periodicals Lviv University Archaeol-
ogy Studies” and “Proceeding of the Institute of
Archaeology Lviv University was launched. Im-
portant educational units of the Faculty are the
Museum of Archaeology, which recently com-
pletely renovated the exposition, and the Room of
Special Historical Disciplines, a significant part of
which can be very useful for the researchers stud-
ying the Early Iron Age and the ancient Rus state.
Conclusions
The interdisciplinary connections between
Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines and
Archaeology can be traced back to the early 1780s,
when according to the curriculums in the Faculties
of Philosophy of the universities of the Habsburg
State there should be the extraordinary Departments
of Antiquities and Numismatics and up to the
present day. It is not known for sure how and to
what extent the heads of the single extraordinary
Department of Diplomacy, Heraldry and Numis-
matics at the Lviv University dealt with Archae-
ology. After its liquidation at the beginning of
the 19th century, the work of the Department had
never been resumed. Under such circumstances,
several auxiliary historical sciences, including
archaeology, which at that time was traditionally
understood as the science of ancient objects,
were sporadically taught by professors of other
departments, for example, of General History as
was J. Mauss.
Restructuring of scientific and educational
activities at the Lviv University in the second half of
the 19th — early 20th centuries had a positive effect
on the development of both Special (Auxiliary)
Historical Disciplines and Archaeology which were
just then undergoing the stage of their academic
formation at the Lviv University. However, while
the Department of Classical Archaeology and
Prehistory was established in 1905, the separate
Department of Auxiliary Historical Sciences had
never been established, although it was then that
a new tradition of teaching both Auxiliary Histori-
cal Sciences and Archaeology was initiated at
the Lviv University by a number of Polish and
Ukrainian professors. K. Hadaczek, the first
Professor of Classical Archaeology and Prehistory
at the Lviv University, also specialised in numis-
matics. Such an interdisciplinary nature of the
scientific interests and areas of expertise of the
historians of that time demonstrated both the
universality of the scientific methods used by
them and the level of mastery of the relevant
methodological apparatus.
A similar situation was observed in the
interwar period, when the activity of a separate
Department of Auxiliary Historical Sciences
was not institutionalised, and the teaching of
some disciplines of the complex was conducted
by professors and employees of the Department
of General History of Middle Ages and the
Departments of Ancient History. The heads of
those departments Professors J. Ptaśnik and
K. Chyliński were also interested in archaeology.
Numismatics and historical geography were
among the professional interests of one of the
founders of the School of Economic History
in Poland, Prof. F. Bujak. The head of the
Department of Classical Archaeology, Professor
E. Bulanda, taught a course in Latin Epigraphy.
The evolvement of Classical Archaeology at the
Lviv University at that time was facilitated by the
development of such a special (auxiliary) historical
discipline as Papyrology. A certain place was
given to Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines
and Archaeology course in the lectures of the Lviv
Theological Academy, which at that time was
gradually turning into a full-fledged Ukrainian
university.
The Sovietisation of the Lviv University made
significant adjustments to the teaching of both
Archaeology and Special (Auxiliary) Historical
Disciplines. A significant restructuring of the
departments of History was carried out, and the
teaching staff was changed. Both Archaeology
and Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines
became targets to the further merging of the
departments of the Faculty of History. Established
in 1944, the Department of Ancient History and
Archaeology was merged with the Department
of History of Middle Ages in 1949, although
Archaeology was taught in the Department of
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2114
Бандрівський, М. С. 1994. Археологічні зацікавлен-
ня Михайла Грушевського. В: Купчинський О. А. (ред.).
Михайло Грушевський. Збірник наукових праць і мате-
ріалів Міжнародної ювілейної конференції, присвяченої
125-й річниці від дня народження Михайла Грушевського.
Львів: б.в., с. 43-44.
Білас, Н. М. 2007. Викладання біблійної археології у
Львівському університеті. Вісник Інституту археології,
2. с. 80-87.
Білас, Н. М. 2012. Педагогічна та адміністративна ді-
яльність професора Едмунда Булянди у Львівському уні-
верситеті. Археологічні дослідження Львівського універ-
ситету, 16, с. 350-381.
Білас, Н. М. 2017. Інституалізація археології у Львів-
ському університеті у першій половині ХХ ст. (за мате-
ріалами зарубіжних архівних фондів). Матеріали і дослі-
дження з археології Прикарпаття і Волині, 21, с. 416-424.
Білас, Н. М., Целуйко, О. П. 2014. У пошуку інстру-
ментарію. До питання співпраці археології та спеціаль-
них історичних дисциплін у галицькій українській істо-
ріографії ХІХ ст. Старий Луцьк. Науково-інформаційний
збірник, Х. Луцьк, с. 358-369.
Булик, Н. М. 2014. Львівська археологія ХІХ–почат-
ку ХХ століття: дослідники, наукові установи, музеї.
Львів: Інститут українознавства ім. І. Крипакевича НАН
України. Львівський Інститут економіки і туризму.
Вінниченко, О. О., Целуйко О. П. (упоряд.). 2000.
Історичний факультет Львівського національного
університету імені Івана Франка (1940–2000). Ювілейна
книга. Львів: б.в.
Зашкільняк, Л. О., Сєрженґа, П. (ред.). 2015 Історія
та історики у Львівському університеті: традиції та
сучасність (до 75-ліття створення історичного факуль-
тету): колективна монографія. Львів: ПАІС.
Кришко, А. Ю. 2014. Гумбольдтівська модель універ-
ситетської освіти. Порівняльно-педагогічні студії, 1(19),
с. 67-71.
Пастернак, Я. І. 1929. Изидор Шараневич як археолог.
Діло (Львів). Ч. 36.
Ancient History and Middle Ages throughout
the Soviet period. Delivering courses in special
(auxiliary) historical disciplines was not the
prerogative of a single department. In the first
post-war years, courses in archaeology and the
specified disciplines were conducted by experts
whose minds and characters had been completely
set in earlier times. They quite often worked
at the intersection of sciences, which allowed
them to apply interdisciplinary methods. We are
talking about archaeologists M. Yu. Smishko
and I. D. Starchuk, lecturers of Paleography
Ye. Yatskevych and Ya. P. Kis, an expert in
Sphragistics and Heraldry I-Yu. Shpytkovskyi.
The connection between Archaeology and
Special (Auxiliary) Historical Disciplines since
the end of the 1940s was illustrated by the
activities on the creation of two educational
and methodological units at the Faculty of
History — museums (rooms) of Archaeology
and Auxiliary Historical Disciplines. The
opening of the Room of Auxiliary Historical
Disciplines in 1959 gave the opportunities for
the establishment of the Archaeological Museum
in the future; established in 1967, the Museum
of Archaeology and Numismatics was headed
by a numismatist V. V. Zvarych, and later by an
archaeologist R. M. Chaika. Since the 1970s, the
Department of Ancient and Medieval History,
along with Archaeology, taught a number of
a number of courses in special (auxiliary)
historical disciplines, planned the establishment
of the “Archaeology and Auxiliary Historical
Disciplines” specialisation, and prepared
textbooks on those disciplines.
The further search for the role and place of Ar-
chaeology and Special (Auxiliary) Historical Dis-
ciplines at the Lviv University continued after the
restoration of Ukraine’s independence and contin-
ues to this day, and the issue of correlation in the
study and teaching of these disciplines requires
further study.
Погоральский, Я. В. 2007. Археологічний музей
Львівського університету. Археологічні дослідження
Львівського університету, 10, с. 321-325.
Свєнціцький, І. С. 1927. Національний Музей у 1926
році. Діло (Львів). Ч. 21.
Свєнціцький, І. С. 1930. XXV літдіяльнос-
ти Національного музею. В: Свєнціцький І. С. (ред.).
Двайцятьп’ять-ліття Національного музею у Львові, зб.
Львів: б.в., c. 6-18.
Ситник, О. С. 2012. Археологічна наука у Львові. Пер-
ша половина ХХ ст. Львів; Жешів, (б. в.).
Тарнавський, Р. Б. 2016. Кафедра етнології
Львівського університету. Класичний період (1910–
1947). Львів: ЛНУ імені Івана Франка.
Целуйко, О. П. 2018. Чи була кафедра допоміжних
історичних дисциплін (наук) у Львівському університеті
у 1939–1941 рр.? Записки НТШ. Праці Комісії
спеціальних історичних дисциплін, CCLXXI. Львів,
с. 792-807.
Целуйко, О. П. 2022. Викладання палеографії у Львів-
ському університеті у радянський період: причинок до
розвитку спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисци-
плін в Україні у другій половині 1940-х – першій полови-
ні 1980- х рр. ЕМІНАК. 3(39), с. 157-175.
ENCYCLOPEDIA, 2011—2014, Львівський національ-
ний університет імені Івана Франка: в 2 т. Львів: ЛНУ
імені Івана Франка.
Finkel, L., Starzyński, S. 1894. Historya Uniwersytetu
Lwowskiego, сz. I. Lwów: Senat Akademicki C. K. Uniwer-
sytetu Lwowskiego.
Hadaczek, K. 1901. Slady epoki tak zwanej archaiczno-
mykeńskiej we wschodniej Calicyi. Wiadomości
numizmatyczno-archeologiczne, 4. Kraków, p. 378-382.
Ilkiv-Swydnycki, M., Kaczmar, W. 2016. Po ponow-
nym erygowaniu Uniwersytetu (1817–1848). In: Mater-
nicki, J., Pisulińska, J., Zaszkilniak, L. (red.) Historia w
Uniwersytecie Lwowskim. Badania i nauczanie (do 1939
roku). Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowsk-
iego.
ISSN 0235-3490 (Print), ISSN 2616-499X (Online). Археологія, 2024, № 2 115
Н. М. Білас1, О. П. Целуйко2
1Кандидат історичних наук, доцент кафедри археології та історії стародавніх цивілізацій, Львівський на-
ціональний університет імені Івана Франка, ORCID: 0000-0002-2185-320, nataliya.bilas@lnu.edu.ua
2Кандидат історичних наук, доцент кафедри давньої історії України та спеціальних галузей історичної
науки, Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, ORCID: 0000-0001-8973-6927, oleksandr.
tseluyko@lnu.edu.ua
АРХЕОЛОГІЯ ТА СПЕЦІАЛЬНІ ІСТОРИЧНІ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ У ЛЬВІВСЬКОМУ УНІ-
ВЕРСИТЕТІ: НЕОЧЕВИДНІ Й ОЧЕВИДНІ ПАРАЛЕЛІ І ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗКИ
У статті простежено історію розвитку археології та спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін у Львівському
університеті. Наголошено на тісному зв’язку у викладанні й вивченні цих дисциплін від часу створення у Львові кла-
сичного університету, на науковій та освітній діяльності на цій ниві, відповідному доробку польських та українських
учених. Вказано, що, попри давні традиції викладання цих наук у Львівському університеті, їх інституалізація
різнилася. Якщо викладання археології забезпечували професори та доценти спеціалізованих кафедр, то спеціальні
(допоміжні) історичні дисципліни читали викладачі різних кафедр, у тому числі й археологічних. Частково це поясню-
валося міждисциплінарністю наукових інтересів тогочасних істориків, універсальністю застосовуваних ними наукових
методик, рівнем оволодіння методологічним апаратом. Викладачі Львівського університету брали активну участь в
австрійський та міжвоєнний періоди у діяльності низки наукових товариств, що сприяли розвитку як археології, так і
спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін.
У перші роки радянізація історичного факультету Львівського університету супроводжувалася істотною перебу-
довою навчального та наукового процесу, реорганізацією структурних одиниць, змінами у персональному складі. Утім,
викладання археології та спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін надалі провадили українські фахівці, що
сформувалися як дослідники ще до 1939 р. Вони продовжили традиції міждисциплінарних студій, заклали основи їх
становлення у подальшому.
Прикладом співпраці археологів та фахівців зі спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін стала діяльність
створеного у 1967 р. Музею археології та нумізматики. На чолі цієї інституції почергово стояли фахівці із згаданих
наук, провадилася робота зі збереження, збільшення та вивчення нумізматичної та археологічної колекцій, планува-
лося видання відповідного наукового збірника. Паралельно готувалося відкриття єдиної спеціалізації з археології і
допоміжних історичних дисциплін, укладався навчальний посібник зі спеціальних (допоміжних) історичних дисциплін,
низку розділів якого повинні були підготувати фахівці з археології.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а: спеціальні (допоміжні) історичні дисципліни, нумізматика, археологія, Львівський
університет.
Katedra pomocných věd historických a archivního studia.
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Liske, K. 1873. Modele archeologiczne. Przewodnik
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Maternicki, J. (red.). 2007. Złota księga historiografii
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Maternicki, J., Pisulińska, J., Zaszkilniak, L. 2016.
Historia w Uniwersytecie Lwowskim. Badania i nauczanie
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Maternicki, J., Sierżęga, P., Zaszkilniak, L. (red.). 2014.
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Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego.
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