Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature
The data on measurements of sunspot magnetic fields Bsp and near-ground temperature T on the Earth from 1924 to 2004 are analysed. A reliable positive correlation between these parameters is found. The correlation is stronger at high geographical latitudes, for example, for latitudes of 65° N and 80...
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Головна астрономічна обсерваторія НАН України
2005
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| Назва видання: | Кинематика и физика небесных тел |
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| Цитувати: | Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature / N.I. Lozitska // Кинематика и физика небесных тел. — 2005. — Т. 21, № 5-додаток. — С. 153-154. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
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irk-123456789-796312015-04-04T03:01:33Z Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature Lozitska, N.I. MS2: Physics of Solar Atmosphere The data on measurements of sunspot magnetic fields Bsp and near-ground temperature T on the Earth from 1924 to 2004 are analysed. A reliable positive correlation between these parameters is found. The correlation is stronger at high geographical latitudes, for example, for latitudes of 65° N and 80° N the correlation coefficients r are 0.5 and 0.6, respectively (p < 0.01). It is significant that for the same time interval the correlation between the Wolf number W and T is weaker, r = 0.2, p < 0.05. These results indicate that global warming of the Earth’s climate which has been observed since about 1965 can be connected with long-term changes of solar magnetism. 2005 Article Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature / N.I. Lozitska // Кинематика и физика небесных тел. — 2005. — Т. 21, № 5-додаток. — С. 153-154. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 0233-7665 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79631 en Кинематика и физика небесных тел Головна астрономічна обсерваторія НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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English |
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MS2: Physics of Solar Atmosphere MS2: Physics of Solar Atmosphere |
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MS2: Physics of Solar Atmosphere MS2: Physics of Solar Atmosphere Lozitska, N.I. Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature Кинематика и физика небесных тел |
| description |
The data on measurements of sunspot magnetic fields Bsp and near-ground temperature T on the Earth from 1924 to 2004 are analysed. A reliable positive correlation between these parameters is found. The correlation is stronger at high geographical latitudes, for example, for latitudes of 65° N and 80° N the correlation coefficients r are 0.5 and 0.6, respectively (p < 0.01). It is significant that for the same time interval the correlation between the Wolf number W and T is weaker, r = 0.2, p < 0.05. These results indicate that global warming of the Earth’s climate which has been observed since about 1965 can be connected with long-term changes of solar magnetism. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Lozitska, N.I. |
| author_facet |
Lozitska, N.I. |
| author_sort |
Lozitska, N.I. |
| title |
Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature |
| title_short |
Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature |
| title_full |
Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature |
| title_fullStr |
Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature |
| title_sort |
correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature |
| publisher |
Головна астрономічна обсерваторія НАН України |
| publishDate |
2005 |
| topic_facet |
MS2: Physics of Solar Atmosphere |
| url |
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/79631 |
| citation_txt |
Correlation between sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature / N.I. Lozitska // Кинематика и физика небесных тел. — 2005. — Т. 21, № 5-додаток. — С. 153-154. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Кинематика и физика небесных тел |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT lozitskani correlationbetweensunspotmagneticfieldsandneargroundtemperature |
| first_indexed |
2025-07-06T03:39:37Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-07-06T03:39:37Z |
| _version_ |
1836867311607218176 |
| fulltext |
CORRELATION BETWEEN SUNSPOT MAGNETIC FIELDS
AND NEAR-GROUND TEMPERATURE
N. I. Lozitska
Astronomical Observatory, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv
3 Observatorna Str., 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine
e-mail: nloz@observ.univ.kiev.ua
The data on measurements of sunspot magnetic fields Bsp and near-ground temperature T on
the Earth from 1924 to 2004 are analysed. A reliable positive correlation between these parameters
is found. The correlation is stronger at high geographical latitudes, for example, for latitudes
of 65◦ N and 80◦ N the correlation coefficients r are 0.5 and 0.6, respectively (p < 0.01). It is
significant that for the same time interval the correlation between the Wolf number W and T is
weaker, r = 0.2, p < 0.05. These results indicate that global warming of the Earth’s climate which
has been observed since about 1965 can be connected with long-term changes of solar magnetism.
INTRODUCTION
Long-term changes of the near-ground temperature depend on many natural factors. One of them, not enough
studied, is magnetic fields. There are empirical evidences for the statistical connection between near-ground
temperature and geomagnetic fields. Wollin et al. [6] found the negative correlation between interannual varia-
tions of the temperature and geomagnetic field changes measured for the same regions on the Earth. Lozitska
and Lozitsky [5] discovered a very strong negative correlation (up to correlation coefficient r = –0.95) between
Bz component of the geomagnetic field and near-ground temperature measured in 5×15 degree squares along
every geographical parallels from 30◦ N to 85◦ N, including both land and ocean places. So long as the solar
and Earth’s magnetism could have some physical connection, it is interesting to perform a comparative study
of sunspot magnetic fields and near-ground temperature. This is the main purpose of the present work.
DATA OF MEASUREMENTS
The first parameter, the annual values of the sunspot magnetic fields from 1924 to 2004, was calculated in [4]
using visual observations of the Zeeman splitting in the Fe I λλ 525.02 and 630.25 nm lines carried out at
several astronomical observatories, including the Kyiv University Astronomical Observatory. The sunspots
with a diameter of penumbra from 30 to 60 arcsec only were studied to exclude instrumental effects for small
spots and irregularity of origin for larger spots. The magnetic field strengths Bsp averaged for each year
were calculated on the basis of individual daily measurements. It was early pointed that such selected and
calculated mean sunspot magnetic fields present a new actual heliomagnetic index [3]. About 20 000 individual
measurements were averaged to obtain annual values of Bsp. Typical error bars for these annual values is
±(0.2–0.3) cT.
The second parameter, data on temperatures T for 1924–2004 averaged over months were taken from [2].
In addition, the data on annual latitudes and global anomalies of temperature indexes for land and ocean
from the National Space Data Center [1] were used as well. The accuracy of both data is 0.01◦ C. In these
publications, the temperature for north hemisphere reduced to the zero-level of the world ocean is presented.
RESULTS
Global temperature data, published in different sources and related to the time before the satellite epoch,
have different trends. The best accuracy of such measurements was obtained for north hemisphere excluding
equatorial zone. Therefore, for the period from 1924 to 2003, the correlation coefficients between Bsp and T
are practically the same for different databases, r = 0.30–0.46 (p < 0.01). If we exclude the trends for both
parameters, the correlation increases to 0.53–0.60. The close value, r = 0.58, was derived in case of the trend
excluding from global temperature.
c© N. I. Lozitska, 2004
153
Figure 1. Comparison of the temporal variations for sunspot magnetic fields Bsp (solid lines) and near-ground tempera-
tures T for latitudes of 30–85◦ N (dashed). Solid smooth lines present the long-term trends approximated by polynomials
of the third degree. The correlation coefficient in this case is 0.46 (p < 0.01)
Obtained results are partly illustrated in Fig. 1. One can see that changes of near-ground temperature and
sunspot magnetic fields are very similar. As to correlation coefficient r, it depends on geographical latitudes,
namely, the correlation is stronger at high geographical latitudes. For example, for latitudes of 65◦ N and 80◦ N
the correlation coefficients r are 0.50 and 0.60, respectively (probability of zero-hypothesis, p, is less than 0.01
in both cases).
It is interesting to note that for the same time interval the correlation between the Wolf number W and T
is weaker, r = 0.1– 0.2 for different latitudes.
This means that global warming of the Earth’s climate which has been observed since about 1965 can be
connected with long-term changes of solar magnetism.
[1] Global meteorological data.–[http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/update/gistemp/].
[2] Gruza G. V., Ran’kova E. Ya. Data on structure and changeability of climate. Temperature of air on see level.
North hemisphere.–Obninsk: Goskom USSR of hidrometeorology and monitoring of the environment, 1979.–203 p.
[3] Lozitska N. I. Comparison of the new indexes of solar activity // Izv. Krim. Astrofiz. Obs.–2002.–98.–P. 187–188.
[4] Lozitska N. I. Annual variations of the sunspot magnetic fields during last 80 years // Astronomy in Ukraine –
Past, Present and Future: Abstr. Book., Kyiv, Ukraine, July 15–17, 2004.–Kyiv, 2004.–P. 84.
[5] Lozitska N. I., Lozitsky V. V. The influence of cosmic rays on temperature in low Earth’s atmosphere // Kinematics
and Physics of Celestial Bodies. Suppl. Ser.–2000, N 3.–P. 508–509.
[6] Wollin G., Ryan V. F., Ericson D. B. Relationship between Annual Variations in the rate of Change of magnetic
Intensity and those of surface air temperature // J. Geomagn. and Geoelec.–1981.–33.–P. 545–567.
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