EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO TYPOLOGY OF KARST

• Дата: 2010
• Автор: Klimchouk, A. B.
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: rus
• Опубліковано: Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine 2010
• Теми: 551.44
• Онлайн доступ: http://geojournal.igs-nas.org.ua/article/view/219204
• Назва журналу: Geological journal

The paper reveals the hydrogeological essence of karst, provides its definition, substantiates the evolutionary approach to karst typology and offers a respective classification. The evolutional typology of karst is based on consideration of geological evolution of a body of karstified rocks (unit, formation) and evolution of a ground water circulation system. It reflects such basic regularities of geological evolution as directed development and cyclicity. Different stages of post-sedimentary transformation of rocks and of the development of a geo-hydrodynamic systems are characterized by certain steady combinations of lithologic and structural pre-requisites for groundwater flow and speleogenesis, the mode of groundwater flow, recharge and discharge contditions, thermobaric and geohydrochemical conditions. Such combinations result in formation of karst systems with certain characteristic properties – i.e. types of karst. The directed development – results in regular changes of karst types. Changes of one type of karst into another are conditioned by the processes of tectonic and geomorphological evolution, which determine change of border conditions for groundwater flow and speleogenesis.Within the framework of the proposed classification, the types of karst correspond to the successive stages of its evolution, between which boundary condtions of groundwater flow and speleogenesis, external factors and internal mechanisms of karstif ication (speleogenesis) differ considerably and in a regular manner. The evolutional types of karst integrally characterize the most substantal properties of karst systems (structure of secondary porosity and permeability, degree and character of karst manifestation in surface relief, hydrogeologic features, potential for collapse and subsidence hazard, etc.), speleogenetc environments and dominant mechanisms, as well as potential of inheritance of porosity and permeability structures from the previous stages of development. This allows using this classification for resolving of broad range of scientific and practical problems, related to karst.