CONCEPTS OF GEOLOGICAL DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE
The paper defines the term “concept of geological disposal” of radioactive waste. The international and national experience of the geological disposal concept development is analyzed. The peculiarities of the safety contribution from the natural and engineered barriers of repository for different ty...
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| Видавець: | Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine |
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| Дата: | 2022 |
| Автори: | , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Ukrainian |
| Опубліковано: |
Institute of Geological Sciences, NAS of Ukraine
2022
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| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | http://geojournal.igs-nas.org.ua/article/view/247970 |
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Geological journal| Резюме: | The paper defines the term “concept of geological disposal” of radioactive waste. The international and national experience of the geological disposal concept development is analyzed. The peculiarities of the safety contribution from the natural and engineered barriers of repository for different types of geological formations are described.
It is shown that development of the disposal concept includes the selection of the host formation, determination of the desired geological situation, as well as the list of engineered barriers, taking into account the radwaste inventory.
The development of a geological disposal concept is a mandatory initial step in site selection, as safety concepts differ significantly for different host formations and define different site selection criteria, primarily in terms of depth, thickness and geometric dimensions of the suitable formation.
Engineered barrier systems for different host rocks have almost the same set of components. However, the relative role of engineered barriers differs significantly. This is especially true for the design time of radionuclide containment. In crystalline formations, engineered barriers play a major role in this sense. Their design life is hundreds of thousands of years. Natural barriers provide the conditions for maintaining the tightness of containers as much as possible. In rock salts, the situation is reversed - engineered barriers are designed to facilitate the fastest recovery and preservation of the barrier properties of the host environment. Here, the design life time of the container is hundreds of years. The clay formations has intermediate position: the design life time of the container is tens of thousands of years.
It is shown also that at this stage of research for the Ukrainian conditions the most promising concept of radioactive waste geological disposal is the disposal in Precambrian crystalline formations within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. Here the crystalline formations are covered by sedimentary rocks with a developed system of aquifers. These sedimentary rocks can be considered as an additional sorption and filtration barriers.
Only in the case when negative results of safety case development for crystalline formations of Chornobyl Exclusion Zone will be obtained, it is necessary to proceed to a detailed study of other regions and host rocks types.
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