Проблема надійності при участі людини-оператора в процесі прийняття рішень по керуванню об’єктами енергетики

• Дата: 2020
• Автори: Дячук, Олександр Анатолійович, Фуртат, Юрій Олегович
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: Ukrainian
• Опубліковано: Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University 2020
• Онлайн доступ: http://mcm-tech.kpnu.edu.ua/article/view/216429
• Назва журналу: Mathematical and computer modelling. Series: Technical sciences

Nowadays, the development of the problem of reliability of complex systems is carried out, as a rule, from the standpoint of a purely technical approach. In this approach, only the «machine» component of a complex system is in the field of view, and the increase in reliability is provided by measures aimed at improving the technical units. However, complex systems are human-machine systems, the reliability of which depends to a greater extent on the «human factor». For example, at a thermal power plant due to operator errors, about a quarter of all violations occur.It is known that in connection with the widespread introduction of automation in production and the success of cybernetics in the 60s of XX century, the question of the complete exclusion of man from the control circuit. However, the idea of full automation was defeated when there was a need to create devices that would have the ability to find a way out of unforeseen situations.High flexibility and the ability to adapt to changing conditions, intuition, the ability to predict, predict developments, decision-making in difficult situations in the presence of several conflicting or uncertain criteria are purely human qualities. This determines a person’s place in the human-machine systems and the nature of the functions assigned to him: decision-making, as well as the inclusion of a reserve of equipment in case of failure. However, assigning a person the main, intellectual role in the human-machine systems does not remove the problems associated with its reliability.The gap between the capabilities of man as a control link and the growing needs of the system in control influences is not reduced and forces a person to work on the verge of his «red line». However, the engineering-psychological approach allows to methodologically substantiate the way to solve this problem.