Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management
The problem of information system efficiency used in real hypermarket associated with the Metro Group are described. The basic data about real operating on Polish and European market are presented. The information system is the enterprise investigated is shown to be the most important tool supportin...
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Інститут проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України
2007
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1017912025-02-09T17:36:46Z Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management Значение информационных технологий в управлении предприятиями Urbanska, J. The problem of information system efficiency used in real hypermarket associated with the Metro Group are described. The basic data about real operating on Polish and European market are presented. The information system is the enterprise investigated is shown to be the most important tool supporting the decision process and the key management system. Oracle data basis is really mainly to store the information connected with warehouses and sales of goods. One of the most useful programs is System of Goods Administration. Описаны проблемы эффективности информационной системы, используемой в реальном гипермаркете Metro Group. Приведены основные данные о реальной работе на польском и европейском рынках. Показано, что в исследуемом предприятии информационная система является наиболее важным инструментом поддержки процесса принятия решения и основной системы управления. Базы данных Oracle реально используются в основном для хранения информации, связанной с товарными складами и продажей товаров. Система Goods Administration является одной из наиболее широко используемых программ. Описано проблеми ефективності інформаційної системи, яку використовують у реальному гіпермаркеті Metro Group. Наведено основні дані про реальну роботу на польському та європейському ринках. Показано, що у досліджуваному підприємстві інформаційна система є найважливішим знаряддям підтримки процесу прийняття рішення і основою системи управління. Бази данних Oracle реально використовуються в основному для зберігання інформації, пов’язаної з товарними складами та продажем товарів. Система Goods Administration є найбільш поширеною серед програм, що використовуються. 2007 Article Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management / J. Urbanska // Электронное моделирование. — 2007. — Т. 29, № 4. — С. 113-120. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. 0204-3572 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/101791 en Электронное моделирование application/pdf Інститут проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України |
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The problem of information system efficiency used in real hypermarket associated with the Metro Group are described. The basic data about real operating on Polish and European market are presented. The information system is the enterprise investigated is shown to be the most important tool supporting the decision process and the key management system. Oracle data basis is really mainly to store the information connected with warehouses and sales of goods. One of the most useful programs is System of Goods Administration. |
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Article |
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Urbanska, J. |
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Urbanska, J. Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management Электронное моделирование |
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Urbanska, J. |
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Urbanska, J. |
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Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management |
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Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management |
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Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management |
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Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management |
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Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management |
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significance of information technology systems in enterprise management |
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Інститут проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України |
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2007 |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/101791 |
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Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management / J. Urbanska // Электронное моделирование. — 2007. — Т. 29, № 4. — С. 113-120. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-28T19:29:24Z |
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| fulltext |
J. Urbanñska, Ph.D
Technical University of Czestochowa
(E-mail jola@zim.pcz.czest.pl)
Significance of Information Technology
Systems in Enterprise Management
The problem of information system efficiency used in real hypermarket associated with the
Metro Group are described. The basic data about real operating on Polish and European market
are presented. The information system is the enterprise investigated is shown to be the most im-
portant tool supporting the decision process and the key management system. Oracle data basis is
really mainly to store the information connected with warehouses and sales of goods. One of the
most useful programs is System of Goods Administration.
Îïèñàíû ïðîáëåìû ýôôåêòèâíîñòè èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû, èñïîëüçóåìîé â ðåàëüíîì
ãèïåðìàðêåòå Metro Group. Ïðèâåäåíû îñíîâíûå äàííûå î ðåàëüíîé ðàáîòå íà ïîëüñêîì è
åâðîïåéñêîì ðûíêàõ. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî â èññëåäóåìîì ïðåäïðèÿòèè èíôîðìàöèîííàÿ ñèñ-
òåìà ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå âàæíûì èíñòðóìåíòîì ïîääåðæêè ïðîöåññà ïðèíÿòèÿ ðåøåíèÿ è
îñíîâíîé ñèñòåìû óïðàâëåíèÿ. Áàçû äàííûõ Oracle ðåàëüíî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â îñíîâíîì äëÿ
õðàíåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè, ñâÿçàííîé ñ òîâàðíûìè ñêëàäàìè è ïðîäàæåé òîâàðîâ. Ñèñòåìà
Goods Administration ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíîé èç íàèáîëåå øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåìûõ ïðîãðàìì.
K e y w o r d s: IT system, real market, system of goods administration.
IT industry is experiencing a permanent growth tendency, which is determined
by the following factors:
opportunities to make up for technological arrears;
an increase in human potential of well educated IT specialists;
economy restructuring, especially in enterprise and financial sectors;
numerous agencies of multinational corporations in Poland;
telecommunications development;
decrease of computer hardware, software and network equipment prices;
subsidies and credits from international financial institutions for IT systems;
popularisation of Internet [1].
IT System. Globalisation and rise of enterprises competitiveness have de-
termined an idea of efficient management based on systems of economic infor-
mation. Information is becoming a crucial resource for every economic entity.
Exploitation of IT systems enables managers to control every aspect of com-
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2007. Ò. 29. ¹ 4 113
pany’s activity. Every enterprise is a system, which is established for satisfying
specific material needs of society. It has a management subsystem and a possi-
bility to rearrange business methods in order to complete tasks and achieve tar-
gets in more efficient way [2]. An audit of enterprise organisation reveals the rel-
evance of particular factors which are essential to connect individual compo-
nents of organisation. It is important to describe how the information is created,
gathered, stored, and transferred — communication [3].
A decision to introduce an IT system for enterprise management purpose
should be preceded by management board studies on the IT system basics — in-
formation construction and system functions. A framework of system is a gen-
eral structure of particular elements connected with each other. Elements in-
volved in the same interactions network must be arranged in a suitable way. This
arrangement must be characterised by a typical feature: it enables to determine
a position of given element or a group of elements in relation with other elements
in the structure both in spatial and time aspect. Elements arranged in particular
areas and positions, together with network of related interactions, are generating
a framework structure which determines the way the system operates [1].
Structure of information framework mainly consists of following parts:
data; information; recipients; senders; information channels; information rules.
Above mentioned elements are closely related with each other. Sources of
information are in sender possession. Data is called a communicate, and data ob-
tained is being transformed in IT systems by appropriate software. Data transfer
is taking place through information channel, which can be represented by all
connections between transmitter and receiver. These connections are used for
information transfer [4].
From management board point of view, information can be classified as
follows:
information which are helpful in decision-making process;
information, which facilitate appropriate communication between employ-
ees and internal departments;
information used by other users [3].
Business information encompasses phenomena and processes which occur
in economy. A special importance should be given to management information
which helps managers of every level in company hierarchy, to make a grounded
and suitable business decision [5]. Information is gathered in order to create fun-
damentals for management and protection of property possessed by an organiza-
tion. Planning, motivating, organising, and control are functions of manage-
ment. Information is used in management to create foundations for current and
future activities, but also to evaluate past decisions.
Elements of business information system can be represented by subsystems:
technical and organizational preparation of enterprise; fixed assets manage-
J. Urbanñska
114 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2007. V. 29. ¹ 4
ment; materials administration; employment, salaries and wages; financial man-
agement.
Mutual connecting of particular elements into one system can become a fact
by organic consolidation of all processing activities. Information system which
works on the basis of computers is a much more significant system in compari-
son with business information system [6]. Enterprise management is associated
with two major concepts as comes to exploitation of computers:
1. Increase in efficiency of electronic management systems; a possibil-
ity to obtain needed information in more organised and economical way.
2. Prospects of obtaining by a user of system better results of basic en-
terprise activity, for example decrease of production costs, improvement of
product quality, or rise of labour efficiency.
A level of implementation of the first concept is called effectiveness of IT
system, whereas the second concept is known as efficiency [7].
Efficiency of IT system is described by the ratio comparing system related
expenditure with effects. The scope of efficiency calculation changes signifi-
cantly depending on which target is set: it can be efficiency of information, effi-
ciency of processing data which encompass information, or activity system
which is designed in order to improve effectiveness of corporate operations. Ba-
sic statistics and ratios associated with efficiency of IT project solutions are as
follows:
profitability ratio: Pr = Outcome – Costs;
profitability over costs ratio: Pr/c = Pr/ Costs;
productivity ratio: P = Outcome/ Average costs;
operating effectiveness of decisions made: Oe = Outcome / Total Costs.
Implementation of IT management system in the company is associated
with a necessity to comply with more restricted legal regulations and user rules.
IT software comes under protection of copyright law in Poland. The Law on
Copyrights and Rights Related [8] has been in force since February 4, 1994. Ac-
cording to this Law, exploitation of computer software without proper permis-
sion from copyrights owner is liable to strict civil and punitive sanctions. Imple-
mentation of copyrights law has caused an increase in interests in not only legal
aspects and legalisation of IT software but also in rules of licensing software ap-
plications and rights which are obtained together with legally purchased soft-
ware — it is a licence which is crucial.
A licence can be characterised as a contract of copyrights transfer, property
rights transfer, or a contract of use of composition.
A fight with piracy in Poland takes place in two areas: protection of copy-
rights; protection of individual software manufacturers against illegal copying
of their work results [9].
Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2007. Ò. 29. ¹ 4 115
Enterprise presentation. Metro Group is a holding company which unites
such chains as Makro Cash & Carry, Real, Media Markt and Saturn. In 2006,
sales of the holding increased by 7,5 % to the value of 60 billion Euro with 270
thousand employees. While studying services list, on the company’s webpage,
apart from procurement, real estate, accountancy, gastronomy, a topic concern-
ing informatics can be distinguished. It is Metro Group Information Technology
GmbH (MGI) which takes care over global implementation of IT systems. MGI
coordinates the national and international IT service in Germany, Poland, Roma-
nia, the Russian Federation and Turkey in areas of: filing system; merchandise
management; logistic; SAP; date warehousing; store automation; management
information; the operation of computer centres; the provision of network ser-
vices; optimization of IT purchases; coordination of IT strategy [10].
Investor assumptions in Metro Group can be realised to a large extent thanks
to MGI. The following rules are included:
topicality — provision of immediate information flow;
continuity — homogeneity in external presentations;
equal treating — all addressees receive the information in the same time and
with the same content [11].
First Real branches were established in Germany in 1992. In 2006 Real was
the owner of 288 shops in Germany, 20 in Poland, 7 in Turkey, 3 in the Russian
Federation, and 1 in Romania. There were 43 090 people employed in 2005 and
the company noticed an increase in sales revenues equal to 9,9 milliard Euro
[10]. Currently Real consists of 347 markets in the world and is the second in Eu-
rope (as for the size) and the third biggest trade concern Metro Group in the
world.
There are 49 markets within Real chain in Poland — in the area of 35 cities,
in 14 voivodeships, with 13,5 thousand employees and 45 thousand commodi-
ties to offer for purchase. Since 2003 Real has started an implementation of mod-
ern technologies in trade.
IT system in Real market. In Real enterprise IT system is the most impor-
tant tool of supporting decisions and the most significant subsystem of manage-
ment framework. Requirements for IT system can be distinguished as follows:
economy; benefits should exceed costs of system operations;
suitability; only fundamental data should be exploited and a comprehensible
way of presentation should be provided;
flexibility; adjustability to volatile environment and requirements;
a possibility of cooperation with existing systems [1].
IT software in Real is based on Oracle databases. Large Oracle databases
usually work in customer-server architecture. There is customer station software
installed on customer’s computer, which enables to formulate and send SQL
J. Urbanñska
116 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2007. V. 29. ¹ 4
questions to database. On the computer used as a server, all database files are in-
serted. Additionally, an IT software facilitating access to data stored in the
server is provided.
Database server answers customer questions, provides security and coher-
ency of data stored in the database — in order to guarantee this function, a set of
programs described as one common name DBMS, that is Database Management
System, is provided. Oracle is a helpful database both for designers and pro-
grammers – applications created on the strength of this base are correctly collab-
orating with Oracle databases. Oracle7 can be installed on portable computer to-
gether with software operating on the basis of data stored in Oracle base.
Database is used in Real for storage of information related with inventories
state and sales of market goods. Changes in database are conducted by market
employees, database administrators in company’s headquarters and headquar-
ters employees. Additionally, database is modified automatically by servers
when sales are registered. In market’s local network, two subnetworks operate:
cash and back office. Data associated with sales is registered in cash subnet-
work; in order to obtain the base; data is converted and loaded by SQL Loader
Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management
ISSN 0204–3572. Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå. 2007. Ò. 29. ¹ 4 117
DB
U 1ser
DB
U 15ser
Oracle
7.34
DBA in
Warsaw
LFS 3
Gateway
POS
S 1erver
Checkouts
1�17
POS
Server 2
Checkouts
18 �36
Local area network in real hypermarket self elaboration: DB User 1– 15 — users of database (in-
structions office, receipt of goods); DBA in Warsaw – administrators of database working in
headquarters; Oracle 7.34 — database server; LFS3 Gateway — cash system POSition server; POS
Serwer 1 and 2 — cash system POSition servers; Checkouts 1– 36 — customer service points
(conversion is held by LFS3). Data flows into the base without delay during
market work time through LF3 server, which performs the function of communi-
cation computer. After sales are finished, data are verified and entered in the
books.
One of the more useful subsystems exploited in Real market is Stock Man-
agement System (SMS) [11]. SMS facilitates efficient searching of products by
a name or by a bar code (EAN), which supports employees. In the subsystem da-
tabase, data concerning suppliers is stored, which is helpful during order and
acceptance of goods. If supplier provides a product which does not comply with
market requirements or an EAN symbol is missing, system enables to create inter-
nal bar codes [10]. What is more, SMS enables a complete control over amount of
product damages. All data changes in the system are performed after completion
and acceptance of a form, which is done by managers of given market.
Stock Management System allows among others to:
call for particular good according to provided criteria, browse through data
about a product;
obtain description of the method and person ordering product, and also in-
formation about order blockade;
indicating an expiry date (counted since the day of delivery);
classification determining a product type (standard, price, weight, collat-
eral, deposit);
type of a bar code;
type of a book-shelf sign.
Submenu of SMS:
«Article» is designed for review and browse of data with regard to criteria
such as: name, purchase unit, selling price, supplier, commodity group, state,
amount in an order form, article number;
«Barcode» serves as a browser for a bar code which belongs to a particular Real
number — and inversely to find a Real number assigned to particular bar code;
«Sales» which registers sales for 12 months (from January till December);
«Kody paskowe» («Bar codes») is a mask used for review, update or re-
moval of bar codes of particular products;
«Dane o dostawcy» («Information about supplier») — provides useful in-
formation about selected supplier (number, name of supplier, order numbers,
revenues and advertisement, date and time of planned delivery);
«Przegl�d danych historycznych» («Review of historical data») presents a
history of given product from the time of its appearance in the system;
«Analiza danych» («Data analysis») encompasses statistics of sales.
Network administrator plays the most important role in organisation and
maintenance of integrated IT system. Apart from management, cooperation with
J. Urbanñska
118 ISSN 0204–3572. Electronic Modeling. 2007. V. 29. ¹ 4
other organisational departments is crucial. Employees from different depart-
ments report hardware faults, software errors, or demand for combination study
(concerning sales according to particular criteria or analysis of sales volume).
What is more, before the day closing operation, data is arranged and filed in sales
system by IT worker. The following responsibilities are additionally carried out
by IT network administrator:
planning a purchase of needed software;
budgeting of expenses in IT area;
conducting repairs and keeping technical documentation of software;
implementation of IT systems;
performing training associated with basic hardware usage;
installation of user software packages.
Summary. In the 21-st century information becomes a strategic asset. A main
idea of IT system implementation in enterprises is to provide up-to-dated informa-
tion and process them in a specific way. Modern management techniques provide
some useful tools in order to improve decision quality in enterprises. Since 2000
Metro Group has based the management system on modern technologies in trade. It
helped to a large extent to make Real the second in Europe (as for the size) and the
third biggest concern Metro Group in the world in 2006.
Apart from improvement in sales management system, orders recording, data-
bases of suppliers, etc., implementation of IT solutions strengthens public image of
the Metro Group — in relation with enterprise’s mission — «Gut fhr Dich».
Modern corporate management cannot exist without IT systems. Case of
Real is a practical presentation of IT implementation in every day hypermarket
business. Databases encompassing data about products, suppliers and custom-
ers not only improve, but generally enable business activities in this kind of
places. It is therefore activity which supports tactical strategy. Except of above-
mentioned assistance, IT system helps to put into practice strategic targets of en-
terprise. MGI helps to realize investments of Metro Group and facilitates cre-
ation of public image in market environment which is an element of PR.
Îïèñàíî ïðîáëåìè åôåêòèâíîñò³ ³íôîðìàö³éíî¿ ñèñòåìè, ÿêó âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ó ðåàëüíî-
ìó ã³ïåðìàðêåò³ Metro Group. Íàâåäåíî îñíîâí³ äàí³ ïðî ðåàëüíó ðîáîòó íà ïîëüñüêîìó òà
ºâðîïåéñüêîìó ðèíêàõ. Ïîêàçàíî, ùî ó äîñë³äæóâàíîìó ï³äïðèºìñòâ³ ³íôîðìàö³éíà ñèñ-
òåìà º íàéâàæëèâ³øèì çíàðÿääÿì ï³äòðèìêè ïðîöåñó ïðèéíÿòòÿ ð³øåííÿ ³ îñíîâîþ ñèñòå-
ìè óïðàâë³ííÿ. Áàçè äàííèõ Oracle ðåàëüíî âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ â îñíîâíîìó äëÿ çáåð³ãàííÿ
³íôîðìàö³¿, ïîâ’ÿçàíî¿ ç òîâàðíèìè ñêëàäàìè òà ïðîäàæåì òîâàð³â. Ñèñòåìà Goods Admi-
nistration º íàéá³ëüø ïîøèðåíîþ ñåðåä ïðîãðàì, ùî âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ.
Significance of Information Technology Systems in Enterprise Management
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