Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field
Magnetic storm influence becomes more and more interesting for people. In this article we describe measurable magnetic field data from different megalopolis regions and from the underground passenger transport by the Kyiv city example. There were five observation points evenly situated among the cit...
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| Cite this: | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field / M. Orlyuk, A. Romenets, I. Orliuk // Геофизический журнал. — 2016. — Т. 38, № 1. — С. 78-85. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Orlyuk, M. Romenets, A. Orliuk, I. |
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| citation_txt | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field / M. Orlyuk, A. Romenets, I. Orliuk // Геофизический журнал. — 2016. — Т. 38, № 1. — С. 78-85. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. |
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| description | Magnetic storm influence becomes more and more interesting for people. In this article we describe measurable magnetic field data from different megalopolis regions and from the underground passenger transport by the Kyiv city example. There were five observation points evenly situated among the city, and one metro route with direct and reverse direction movement. Collected information shows general situation with magnetic noise in populous cities. Smart- phones are very popular today so we have used one of them as a budget magnetometer in our research.
Вплив магнітних бур на людину стає останнім часом все цікавішим. У статті викладено результати досліджень змінного магнітного поля техногенного походження в різних районах мегаполісу і підземному транспорті на прикладі м. Київ. Виміри проведені в п'яти пунктах у різних районах міста, а також у метро в обох напрямках руху поїзда. Отримана інформація показує загальну ситуацію з магнітним шумом у густонаселених містах. Як бюджетний варіант для вимірювань в метро використаний смартфон з вбудованим магнітометром.
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M. ORLYUK, A. ROMENETS, I. ORLIUK
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Natural and technogenic components
of megalopolis magnetic field
©©©©© M. Orlyuk, A. Romenets, I. Orliuk, 2016
Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
Received November 5, 2015
Presented by the Editorial Board Member V. I. Starostenko
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Introduction. At the present time there are a
lot of data about the influence of constant and wide
frequency range magnetic field variations on live or-
ganisms and human activity [Travkin, 1971; ICNIRP
..., 1998; Pavlovich et al., 1991; Orlyuk, 2001; Phy-
sicical ..., 2003; Khramov et al., 2006; Serpov, 2007;
Standart ..., 2008; Belokrinitskiy, 2009; Kulikov, Ti-
mofeeva, 2011; Medvedeva et al., 2011; Rozov et al.,
2013; Gvishiani et al., 2013 and others]. In large me-
galopolises natural Earth’s magnetic field is most-
ly complemented by technogenic component from
different sources of constant and variable kind [Or-
lyuk, Romenets, 2004; Tyagunov, 2011; Romenets,
Orliuk, 2013; Orlyuk et al., 2014]. In the minimal he-
alth norm of static magnetic field is a half of its back-
ground values in the residence territory [Physical
..., 2003]. The authors [Orlyuk, Romenets, 2005] sug-
gested the value of its “ecological norm” nearby 35—
55 μT. This article presents calculated and experi-
mental data about Kiev and its surrounding area mag-
netic field of natural and technogenic origin.
1. Natural Earth’s magnetic field. Spatio-
temporal structure of the Earth’s magnetic field in-
duction B is the sum of fields from different sources:
B = nB + ΔB + δB ,
where nB — normal (main) field of the Earth, gene-
rated by the liquid core processes; ΔB — anoma-
lous magnetic field (the lithosphere field), mainly
caused by rocks magnetization, δB — external field
generated by solar and cosmic radiation actions, the
Sun and near-Earth space magnetic fields.
Quasi-permanent geomagnetic field, which is the
sum of main and lithosphere magnetic fields, sets
the geomagnetic background where biosphere pro-
cesses run and human lives. Afterwards, map of the
magnetic induction module B for Kiev region was de-
veloped.
Natural geomagnetic field varies within 50 100—
50 860 nT, increasing from southwest to northeast
(Fig. 1).
Local spatial geomagnetic field inhomogeneity
is mainly determined by its lithospheric component
that varies within city from – 200 to 500 nT.
The right riverside of the city (especially the old
town) is mainly located in positive magnetic field
areas with an intensity of 50—100 nT. The left ri-
verside of the city is located in predominantly neg-
ative magnetic field areas (up to – 200 nT). On the
left riverside only Rusanivka, Bereznyaky and partly
Kharkivskyi, Bortnychi areas are characterized by
low positive background near 50 nT.
Another feature of the field is grouping of incre-
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NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC COMPONENTS OF MEGALOPOLIS MAGNETIC FIELD
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ased values in unique ovals, and grouping of low va-
lues — in linear zones of the north-west and north-
east stretch. An interesting fact is some relation
between building overgrowth and nature of the geo-
magnetic field [Orlyuk, Romenets, 2004; Rezinki-
na et al., 2009].
2. Technogenic magnetic field. Variable
magnetic (electromagnetic) field of natural and tech-
nogenic origin changes within 10�6 Hz — 10 GHz
(Fig. 2, a).
Low frequency electric and magnetic alternating
fields (“electrosmog”). This type of electromagnetic
pollution is caused by home mains supply systems
and by connected to them devices, by switches and
lights, by high voltage lines, transformer stations and
traction power.
Fig. 1. Kiev map of scalar magnetic field B (for Epoch 2013): 1 — isolines of induction B, 2 — metro route,
3 — metro stations observed, 4 — observation points, 5 — regions of Kiev.
M. ORLYUK, A. ROMENETS, I. ORLIUK
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High frequency radiation from 27 MHz to 10 GHz
(Fig. 2, b), a range comprising frequencies from ra-
dio and TV (digital as well as analogue), TETRA (di-
gital public safety networks), amateur radio, citizens
band radio, microwave radio relay, mobile radio (GSM,
GPRS,UMTS,LTE, CDMA, 3G, 4G), radar, DECT cord-
less telephones, Wi-Fi, WLAN, microwave ovens,
WiMAX, and many more (www.gigahertz-solutions.de).
The greatest influence on technogenic electro-
magnetic noise at low frequencies (0,5 Hz — 400 KHz)
is introduced by industrial frequency electric current
users [Tyagunov, 2011, 2012]. Otherwise, techno-
genic sources at frequencies of 10�6 — 1 Hz are
the least explored and we explore it in our research.
The magnetic field at these frequencies may be
associated with moving of ferromagnetic and elect-
rical sources (cars, trams, trolleys, trains, electric
trains and subway etc.), and some industrial proces-
ses which use DC equipment, etc.
Trolley movement (motors turning on and off) ca-
uses a change of the magnetic field with an ampli-
tude of about 80 nT at about 10 m distance from the
road; 50—100 nT, caused by small magnetic mass-
es movement (cars, vans, etc.); maximum amplitu-
des nearby 300—500 nT are caused by large trucks
and urban electric transport [Tyagunov, 2012].
It should be noticed that the anomalous mag-
netic field levels presented above are obtained at a
distance of 10 m from the roadway and if measure-
ments were made inside the vehicles, anomalous
magnetic field level would be higher.
3. Equipment used. To study technological
components of magnetic field magnetovariational
station LEMI-008 was used [Korepanov et al., 1999],
and for intensive sources a portable magnetometer
built-in smartphone on Android operating system
(with special software) was used (Table).
For high intensity variations registration, we have
experimentally tested our device on the magnetic
observatory (Earth’s magnetic field variation) and by
high intensity influence on sensor in office. Every ex-
periment was duplicated by precision device (LEMI-
008). As a result of experimental measurements it
was decided that YAMAHA YAS530 MS-3E high sen-
sitivity 3-axis geomagnetic sensor is suitable for re-
gistration of high intensity anomalies.
Fig. 2. Low frequencies (a) and high frequencies (b).
NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC COMPONENTS OF MEGALOPOLIS MAGNETIC FIELD
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Results and discussions. Magnetic field va-
riations measurements were made in 6 places, al-
located more or less evenly within the territory of Ki-
ev in industrial and utility rooms on the Palladina
ave., Frunze, Harmatna, Bozhenka, Velyka Kiltse-
va and Vasyl’kivs’ka streets. The nature of magne-
tic field in the subway was also explored. Accord-
ing to theoretical and experimental studies, vertical
component of the magnetic field Bz is the most sen-
sitive to technogenic disturbance, increased valu-
es are explained by horizontal form currents from
technogenic sources appearance on the Earth’s sur-
face [Tyagunov 2011; Romenets, Orliuk, 2013].
Magnetic field variations on observation points
(OP) in comparison with geomagnetic observatory
“Kiev” variations are shown on the graphs below (Fig.3).
OP 1 (Frunze Street 27—29.11.2012). Vertical com-
ponent of the magnetic field Bz has a saw-tooth kind
of form, it indicates the presence of permanent me-
chanical or electromagnetic vibrations caused by the
movement of cars and trams. The high-intensity mag-
netic field perturbations (300—500 nT) are caused,
as it lately turned out, by the interference of slate
production and more precisely by DC kilns working
(Fig. 3, a).
OP 2 (Garmatna street 14—16.12.2012). Signif-
icant deviations from the normal level of geomag-
netic field in the “Kiev” observatory are observed.
Three periods of it are allocated. During the dayti-
me, when the B-component has a saw-tooth kind
form, we are shown the presence of permanent me-
chanical or electromagnetic vibrations. Most like-
ly, they are caused by the movement of vehicles and
strong traffic on the Peremogy ave. On this basis
there are high-intensity (300—400 nT) and high-fre-
LEMI-008
fluxgate magnetometer
YAMAHA YAS530 MS-3E high sensitivity 3-axis
geomagnetic sensor
Measurable magnetic field range:
Range I — 100 000 nT
Range II — 3 200 nT
Resolution:
Range I — 10 nT
Range II — 0.1 nT
Bandwidth of analog output DC — 1 Hz
Smooth offset ranging band by each axis ± 1000 nT
Time of samples averaging, s: 1, 2, 5, 10, 60
Operating temperature range – 5 to + 40 °C
Measurable magnetic field range ± 800 μT
Magnetic field sensitivity (X, Y) 0.15 μT/count
Magnetic field sensitivity (Z) 0.3 μT/count
Acquisition time — 1.5 ms
Operating temperature range – 40 to + 95 °C
quency magnetic field perturbations, previously as-
sociated with interference (most likely with on/off pro-
cesses) DC converters, heaters, etc. At night, the
magnetic field has generally calm nature (Fig. 3, b).
OP 3 (Bozhenka street, 09—11.01.2013). Signi-
ficant deviations from the normal level of geomag-
netic field in the “Kiev” observatory with the ampli-
tude of up to ∼ 350 nT are observed. Three periods
of magnetic field perturbations are clearly distingu-
ished. The graph of the Bz component of magnetic
field has a saw-tooth kind sinusoidal form that indi-
cates the presence of constant electromagnetic in-
terference. Probably they are caused by the work
of some equipment at the Paton Electric Welding
Institute). The proximity of intensive traffic flows (Bo-
zhenka str., Fedorova ave.) makes influence on the
overall noise character also. As in previous cases,
registered high-intensity 100—150 nT magnetic fi-
eld perturbations are associated with the DC con-
verters, etc. At night, the magnetic field has gene-
rally calm nature (Fig. 3, c).
OP 4 (Velyka Kiltseva 1—04.02.2013). Variations
of the magnetic field don’t have any clear frequen-
cy, so it is suggested that the nature of their occur-
rence is random (turning on/off of any appliances, re-
pairs, etc.). During all the observation period ape-
riodicity single “bursts” of up to 30 nT were regis-
tered. By their intensity they are not high and can
be caused by reasons mentioned above. In the day-
time, there are high-frequency magnetic field per-
turbations, but they are minor in intensity (10—15 nT).
In general, excepting 2 periods of sporadic distur-
bances of magnetic field, one can say that magne-
tic field in this observation point is approximately nor-
mal (Fig. 3, d).
Equipment used
M. ORLYUK, A. ROMENETS, I. ORLIUK
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Fig. 3. Results of measurements in observation point (OP): Frunze Street (a); Garmatna
street (b); Bozhenka street (c); Velyka Kiltseva (d); Vasyl’kivs’ka street (e). GO — “Kiev”
geomagnetic observatory vertical component Bz variation, OP — observation point vertical
component Bz variation.
NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC COMPONENTS OF MEGALOPOLIS MAGNETIC FIELD
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OP 5 (Vasyl’kivs’ka street, 22—25.02.2013) in
the “Kyianka” factory basement. The highest level
variations of technogenic origin were fixed at 250—
600 nT. It should be noticed that the abnormal va-
lue during 23—24 of February (weekend) is slightly
lower than the 22 and 25 of February. Noticed devi-
ations of magnetic field level have clear periodicity
and it suggests their regular occurrence (most likely
it is the effect from the subway). At night, the mag-
netic field has a quiet character and is not significant-
ly different from the “Kiev” magnetic observatory da-
ta. The sawtooth kind high-intensity magnetic field
perturbations to 150 nT are also recorded in the day-
time and it recognizes the “saturation” of these pe-
riods by various magnetic field noises (Fig. 3, e).
Magnetic variations registration was conducted
on the observation points in November—December
2012 — January—February 2013 for 2-3 days in each
of them. As it is shown in Fig. 3, within Kiev mag-
netic field is significantly different from the results
of magnetic observatory data obtained 45 km from
Kiev.
By experimental measurement results [Orlyuk,
Romenets, 2004; Rozov et al., 2013] at Kiev under-
ground metro stations, magnetic field induction chan-
ges within 25—40 μT (it is less in 1.5—2 times than
on surface).
Measurements of geomagnetic field variations
in the subway were made on the interval between
Beresteyska and Akademmistechko metro stations
(Fig. 4). After processing the digital data it can be
clearly seen all increased periods of magnetic in-
duction.
Peaks and periods of magnetic field increasing
in the range of 40—350 μT at subway stations are
seen on the graph. It is noticed that induction is pri-
marily caused by motors located in the center of each
carriage, and it shortly increases during the train
acceleration. Besides of train motors, underground
utilities, construction of subway tunnels and the gro-
und-based infrastructure also produces magnetic
noise. You can see from the graph that in the Svya-
toshyn zone a busy junction is located.
Subway measurements of geomagnetic field va-
riations were conducted in the interval Universitet
and Zhytomyrska metro stations and in the reverse
direction (Fig. 5). After processing the digital data
all the periods of magnetic induction increase are
shown. Between Beresteyska and Shulyavska sta-
tions we can see the anomaly of railway station. We
can see that in the intervals such as Universitet—
Vokzalna and Svyatoshyn—Zhytomyrska the data
on both graphs differ, it is explained by the inclina-
tion of the route (when a train goes up it uses a mo-
tor and when it goes down the motor is turned off).
Conclusions. For the territory of Kiev natural
geomagnetic field varies within �� 100—50 860 nT,
increasing from southwest to northeast.
Technological different-period variations that are
registered have amplitudes from tens to hundreds
of nanoteslas and significantly differ from magnetic
field variations on “Kiev” magnetic observatory. The
highest values of induction B (up to 100—350 μT)
are registered in the subway, while train accelera-
tes and slows down; technogenic variation sources
have in most cases electrical and ferromagnetic ori-
gin, and are associated with turning on/off and wor-
king of direct current sources, movement of elect-
ric transport including the subway, and mechanical
movement of different kinds of vehicles.
Fig. 4. Magnetic noise scalar data observed between Beresteyska and Akademmistechko metro stations.
M. ORLYUK, A. ROMENETS, I. ORLIUK
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Noticeable daily rhythm of technogenic sources is
proven by people operating mode and manufacturing.
We can say that people are always under influ-
Fig. 5. Magnetic noise scalar data graphs observed between Universitet and Zhytomyrska metro stations
in direct and reverse directions.
Natural and technogenic components
of megalopolis magnetic field
©©©©© M. Orlyuk, A. Romenets, I. Orliuk, 2016
Magnetic storm influence becomes more and more interesting for people. In this article we
describe measurable magnetic field data from different megalopolis regions and from the un-
derground passenger transport by the Kyiv city example. There were five observation points
evenly situated among the city, and one metro route with direct and reverse direction movement.
Collected information shows general situation with magnetic noise in populous cities. Smart-
phones are very popular today so we have used one of them as a budget magnetometer in our
research.
Key words: natural geomagnetic field, technogenic magnetic field, magnetic noise.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-103752 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0203-3100 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:20:07Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Orlyuk, M. Romenets, A. Orliuk, I. 2016-06-23T15:21:18Z 2016-06-23T15:21:18Z 2016 Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field / M. Orlyuk, A. Romenets, I. Orliuk // Геофизический журнал. — 2016. — Т. 38, № 1. — С. 78-85. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. 0203-3100 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/103752 Magnetic storm influence becomes more and more interesting for people. In this article we describe measurable magnetic field data from different megalopolis regions and from the underground passenger transport by the Kyiv city example. There were five observation points evenly situated among the city, and one metro route with direct and reverse direction movement. Collected information shows general situation with magnetic noise in populous cities. Smart- phones are very popular today so we have used one of them as a budget magnetometer in our research. Вплив магнітних бур на людину стає останнім часом все цікавішим. У статті викладено результати досліджень змінного магнітного поля техногенного походження в різних районах мегаполісу і підземному транспорті на прикладі м. Київ. Виміри проведені в п'яти пунктах у різних районах міста, а також у метро в обох напрямках руху поїзда. Отримана інформація показує загальну ситуацію з магнітним шумом у густонаселених містах. Як бюджетний варіант для вимірювань в метро використаний смартфон з вбудованим магнітометром. en Інститут геофізики ім. С.I. Субботіна НАН України Геофизический журнал Научные сообщения Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field Природные и техногенные компоненты магнитного поля мегаполиса Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field Orlyuk, M. Romenets, A. Orliuk, I. Научные сообщения |
| title | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field |
| title_alt | Природные и техногенные компоненты магнитного поля мегаполиса |
| title_full | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field |
| title_fullStr | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field |
| title_short | Natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field |
| title_sort | natural and technogenic components of megalopolis magnetic field |
| topic | Научные сообщения |
| topic_facet | Научные сообщения |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/103752 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT orlyukm naturalandtechnogeniccomponentsofmegalopolismagneticfield AT romenetsa naturalandtechnogeniccomponentsofmegalopolismagneticfield AT orliuki naturalandtechnogeniccomponentsofmegalopolismagneticfield AT orlyukm prirodnyeitehnogennyekomponentymagnitnogopolâmegapolisa AT romenetsa prirodnyeitehnogennyekomponentymagnitnogopolâmegapolisa AT orliuki prirodnyeitehnogennyekomponentymagnitnogopolâmegapolisa |