Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures
The laser-induced magnetic after-effects in magnetic nanostructures consisting in magnet reversal under ultra-short circularly polarized laser pulses are studied. Using the magneto-optical method and a pump—probe technique based on the Kerr and Faraday effects, features and conditions of magnetic re...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Металлофизика и новейшие технологии |
|---|---|
| Date: | 2014 |
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України
2014
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/106938 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures / M.M. Krupa, V.G. Kostishin, A.M. Korostil // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2014. — Т. 36, № 4. — С. 551-557. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859907402829135872 |
|---|---|
| author | Krupa, M.M. Kostishin, V.G. Korostil, A.M. |
| author_facet | Krupa, M.M. Kostishin, V.G. Korostil, A.M. |
| citation_txt | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures / M.M. Krupa, V.G. Kostishin, A.M. Korostil // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2014. — Т. 36, № 4. — С. 551-557. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Металлофизика и новейшие технологии |
| description | The laser-induced magnetic after-effects in magnetic nanostructures consisting in magnet reversal under ultra-short circularly polarized laser pulses are studied. Using the magneto-optical method and a pump—probe technique based on the Kerr and Faraday effects, features and conditions of magnetic reversal in ferrimagnetic-based nanostructures under femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulses are established. As shown, the mechanisms of such laser-induced impact are a complex process of laser-induced thermal demagnetization of magnetic sublattices with a subsequent magnetic biasing by internal magnetic fields of different nature. Depending on the laser-pulse duration and intensity, they can be effective magnetic fields of laser irradiation or internal magnetic fields conditioned by different rates of the thermal demagnetization of ferrimagnetic sublattices. Features of the laser-induced tunnel magnetoresistance effect in ferrimagnetic junctions are considered.
Исследованы лазерно-индуцированные эффекты последействия в магнитных наноструктурах, состоящие в перемагничивании в поле ультракоротких циркулярно поляризованных лазерных импульсов. С использованием магнитооптического метода накачки—зондирования, основанного на эффектах Керра и Фарадея, установлены особенности перемагничивания в ферримагнитных наноструктурах под действием фемтосекундных лазерных импульсов. Показано, что механизмы такого лазерно-индуцированного воздействия являются комплексными процессами лазерно-индуцированного теплового размагничивания магнитных подрешёток с последующим подмагничиванием эффективными внутренними полями различной природы. В зависимости от длительности и интенсивности лазерных импульсов это могут быть поля лазерного излучения или внутренние поля, связанные с различием скоростей теплового размагничивания подрешёток. Рассмотрены особенности лазерно-индуцированного туннельного магниторезистивного эффекта в ферримагнитных переходах.
Досліджено лазерно-індуковані ефекти післядії в магнетних наноструктурах, які полягають в перемагнетуванні у полі ультракоротких циркулярно поляризованих лазерних імпульсів. З використанням магнетооптичної методи накачування—зондування, що ґрунтується на Керровому та Фарадейовому ефектах, встановлено особливості перемагнетування у феримагнетних наноструктурах під дією фемтосекундних лазерних імпульсів. Показано, що механізми такого лазерно-індукованого впливу є комплексними процесами лазерно-індукованого теплового розмагнетовування феримагнетних підґратниць з подальшим підмагнетовуванням внутрішніми ефективними полями різної природи. Залежно від тривалости й інтенсивности лазерних імпульсів, це можуть бути поля лазерного випромінення або внутрішні поля, пов’язані з відмінністю швидкостей теплового розмагнетовування підґратниць. Розглянуто особливості лазерно-індукованого тунельного магнеторезистивного ефекту в феримагнетних переходах.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:01:05Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
551
PACS numbers:75.50.Gg, 75.60.Jk,75.75.Jn,75.78.Jp,78.20.Ls,78.47.J-, 85.75.-d
Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures
M. M. Krupa, V. G. Kostishin*, and A. M. Korostil
Institute of Magnetism N.A.S. and M.E.S. of Ukraine,
36b
Academician Vernadsky Blvd.,
03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
*National University of Science and Technology ‘MISiS’,
4 Leninskiy Prospekt,
119049 Moscow, Russia
The laser-induced magnetic after-effects in magnetic nanostructures consist-
ing in magnet reversal under ultra-short circularly polarized laser pulses are
studied. Using the magneto-optical method and a pump—probe technique
based on the Kerr and Faraday effects, features and conditions of magnetic
reversal in ferrimagnetic-based nanostructures under femtosecond circularly
polarized laser pulses are established. As shown, the mechanisms of such la-
ser-induced impact are a complex process of laser-induced thermal demagnet-
ization of magnetic sublattices with a subsequent magnetic biasing by internal
magnetic fields of different nature. Depending on the laser-pulse duration
and intensity, they can be effective magnetic fields of laser irradiation or in-
ternal magnetic fields conditioned by different rates of the thermal demagnet-
ization of ferrimagnetic sublattices. Features of the laser-induced tunnel
magnetoresistance effect in ferrimagnetic junctions are considered.
Досліджено лазерно-індуковані ефекти післядії в магнетних нанострукту-
рах, які полягають в перемагнетуванні у полі ультракоротких циркулярно
поляризованих лазерних імпульсів. З використанням магнетооптичної
методи накачування—зондування, що ґрунтується на Керровому та Фара-
дейовому ефектах, встановлено особливості перемагнетування у феримаг-
нетних наноструктурах під дією фемтосекундних лазерних імпульсів. По-
казано, що механізми такого лазерно-індукованого впливу є комплексни-
ми процесами лазерно-індукованого теплового розмагнетовування фери-
магнетних підґратниць з подальшим підмагнетовуванням внутрішніми
ефективними полями різної природи. Залежно від тривалости й інтенсив-
ности лазерних імпульсів, це можуть бути поля лазерного випромінення
або внутрішні поля, пов’язані з відмінністю швидкостей теплового розма-
гнетовування підґратниць. Розглянуто особливості лазерно-індукованого
тунельного магнеторезистивного ефекту в феримагнетних переходах.
Металлофиз. новейшие технол. / Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.
2014, т. 36, № 4, сс. 551—557
Оттиски доступны непосредственно от издателя
Фотокопирование разрешено только
в соответствии с лицензией
2014 ИМФ (Институт металлофизики
им. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН Украины)
Напечатано в Украине.
552 M. M. KRUPA, V. G. KOSTISHIN, and A. M. KOROSTIL
Исследованы лазерно-индуцированные эффекты последействия в магнит-
ных наноструктурах, состоящие в перемагничивании в поле ультракорот-
ких циркулярно поляризованных лазерных импульсов. С использованием
магнитооптического метода накачки—зондирования, основанного на эф-
фектах Керра и Фарадея, установлены особенности перемагничивания в
ферримагнитных наноструктурах под действием фемтосекундных лазер-
ных импульсов. Показано, что механизмы такого лазерно-индуцирован-
ного воздействия являются комплексными процессами лазерно-индуци-
рованного теплового размагничивания магнитных подрешёток с последу-
ющим подмагничиванием эффективными внутренними полями различ-
ной природы. В зависимости от длительности и интенсивности лазерных
импульсов это могут быть поля лазерного излучения или внутренние поля,
связанные с различием скоростей теплового размагничивания подрешё-
ток. Рассмотрены особенности лазерно-индуцированного туннельного
магниторезистивного эффекта в ферримагнитных переходах.
Key words: magnetization dynamics, magnetic reversal, magneto-optical ef-
fects, tunnel magnetoresistance effect, ferrimagnetic nanostructures, pulsed
laser radiation.
(Received November 25, 2013)
1. INTRODUCTION
Physical limits of remagnetization speed are one of fundamental prob-
lems of magnetism physics, which has a crucial significance for crea-
tion of high-speed magnetic recording and readout systems of infor-
mation. Growth of attention to this problem is related to modern
achievements of nanotechnologies, by possibilities of production of
new magnetic nanostructures with predetermined physical properties,
and development of the short-time pulsed laser radiation. The prospect
of the solution of this problem is related to the use of the impact of
short-time laser pulses on the ferrimagnetic multi-layered nanostruc-
tures, specifically, tunnel magnetic junctions [1], that can lead to
magnetic state variations and the remagnetization effect.
The key role belongs to the effects connected with the laser-
controlled spin manipulation including the spin-polarized electron
transport in magnetic nanostructures that constitute the subject of the
modern magnetism physics, spintronics, and microelectronics. The la-
ser-induced magnetic transitions in magnetic nanostructures are de-
termined both by their spin and electron structure and by physical
characteristics of laser radiation. Corresponding magnetic materials
must possess rather high values of magnetic anisotropy, magneto-
optical susceptibility, and the spin polarization of conduction elec-
trons. The laser radiation must be characterized by the high degree of
polarization, a strong intensity, and its pulse duration must corre-
spond to short times of electron and spin relaxations.
LASER-INDUCED AFTER-EFFECT IN TUNNEL MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES 553
The fast-speed directed laser magnetic impacts are realized via the
laser-induced thermal demagnetization with subsequent remagnetiza-
tion by effective internal magnetic fields of different nature depend-
ing on the magnetic structure of materials and laser radiation charac-
teristics. The effective internal magnetic bias fields can be connected
with the inverse magneto-optical Faraday effect (see [1, 2]) and with
the effects of the transient ferromagnetic-like state in combination
with the relaxation of the exchange antiferromagnetic interaction un-
der the pulsed laser-induced thermal demagnetization [3—5]. In the
first case, the bias magnetic field (HF) arises only under circularly po-
larized laser irradiation. In the second case, the bias field (HTR) is the
internal transient field caused only by the different speeds of the laser-
induced thermal demagnetization, and it is independent on the radia-
tion polarization.
The indirect laser-induced magnetic impact can be realized via the
laser-induced spin-polarized electron current [1] caused by band-
dependent kinetic properties of spin-polarized electrons under their
momentum-selective interband laser excitations [6]. Then, the laser
magnetic control is realized via the exchange interaction of the spin-
polarized electron current with localized magnetic moments of a mag-
netic nanostructure.
The features and mechanisms of the laser-induced magnetization
and remagnetization are considered below in ferrimagnetic-based sin-
gle layers and multi-layered nanostructures. The role of laser-induced
spin-polarized currents in processes of the laser-induced remagnetiza-
tion is investigated in tunnel magnetic junctions. The laser control of
the spin-polarized current in tunnel ferrimagnetic nanostructures via
the pulsed laser-induced remagnetization is considered for the case of
TbFeCo-based compounds.
2. DYNAMICS OF MAGNETIZATION SWITCHING
The influence of femtosecond circularly polarized pulsed laser radia-
tion on magnetic states and the conductance of the spin-polarized elec-
tron current is studied for the TbCoFe- and CoFe-based ferrimagnetic
nanostructures. Features of the laser-induced magnetization reversal
are studied for Al2O3/Tb25Co5Fe70/Al2O3, Al2O3/Tb22Co5Fe73/Al2O3,
Al2O3/Tb19Co5Fe76/Al2O3 and Al2O3/Co30Fe70/Al2O3 nanostructures with
a single ferrimagnetic nanolayer. The laser-induced magnetic reversal
with the laser-induced tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect is stud-
ied for ferrimagnetic Al2O3/Tb22Co5Fe73/Pr6O11/Tb19Co5Fe76/Al2O3 and
Al2O3/Co80Fe20/Pr6O11/Co30Fe70/Al2O3 junctions with the PrO-based
isolating barrier nanolayer. The TbCoFe-based and CoFe-based layers
are characterized by uniaxial out-plane and in-plane magnetic anisot-
ropy, respectively.
554 M. M. KRUPA, V. G. KOSTISHIN, and A. M. KOROSTIL
The laser-induced magnetization dynamics is studied with the help
of the magneto-optical pump—probe method based on the magneto-
optical Kerr and Faraday effects. The Nd—YAG and He—Ne lasers gen-
erated the pulsed pump (with duration i 130 fs) and probe radiations.
The scheme of corresponding optical research is presented in Fig. 1.
Due to the strong spin—orbital interaction for the rare-earth Tb at-
oms, the femtosecond laser-induced magnetization does not cause the
magnetic reversal only by the laser-induced heating [4] that is ex-
plained by the delay in the dynamics of intersublattice exchange relax-
ation. The distinction between magnetic moments of atoms Tb and Fe
results in the distinction of corresponding magnetic moments of Tb
and FeCo sublattices of ferrimagnetics. This is exhibited in the de-
pendence of ferrimagnetic nanolayers on their component composi-
tion.
The direct laser impact on the magnetization occurs via the interac-
tion of the circularly polarized photons with spin-polarized electrons
of a magnetic medium. The Raman-like photon excitations of the elec-
trons together with a spin—orbital interaction are accompanied by the
spin-flip and remagnetization (see [2]) providing the inverse magneto-
optical Faraday effect with the effective internal bias field (HF). The
pulsed laser irradiation causes heating and demagnetization that in
combination with the laser-induced effective magnetic field can lead to
variation of magnetic states and the remagnetization. The direct
Fig. 1. Experimental scheme of the optical investigation: femtosecond laser–
1, 50% mirror–2, total reflection mirror–3, long-focus lens–4, substrate
with film–5, polarizer–6, Senarmon prism–7, photodiode–8, differential
amplifier–9, Babinet compensator–10.
LASER-INDUCED AFTER-EFFECT IN TUNNEL MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES 555
femtosecond laser-induced impacts can result in the internal effective
bias magnetic field HTR connected with the transient ferromagnetic-
like state caused by different demagnetization rates of ferrimagnetic
sublattices [3—5]. However, in the considered case of TbCoFe-based
ferrimagnetic this bias field HTR can play role of amplification of the
effective bias field of the inverse magneto-optical Faraday effect. The
transient ferromagnetic state is succeeded by the recovery of the mag-
netization.
The indirect laser impact on magnetic states in nonuniform multi-
layered magnetic nanostructures occurs via the laser-induced spin-
polarized electron current between magnetic nanolayers. In this case,
the remagnetization of the magnetic junction can be caused by the ex-
change s—d-interaction of the laser-injected spin-polarized current
with the localized magnetic moment of the injected layer of the mag-
netic junction. The effective internal magnetic field Hsd of that inter-
action consists of two components, Hsd Hs Hinj. The first component
Hs is related to the s—d-interaction of the transverse component (with
respect to the magnetic moment of the injected layer) of the magnetic
moment of the spin-polarized current. The second component Hinj is
related to the s—d-interaction of the laser-injected longitudinal spin
component (with respect to the magnetic moment of the injected lay-
er), which is characterized by a non-equilibrium distribution. The
mentioned effective internal magnetic fields together with laser-
induced thermal demagnetization result in the remagnetization, which
is accompanied by a tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect.
The results of the magneto-optical measurements are presented in
Fig. 2. The time dynamics of the laser-induced remagnetization under the
high-power polarized laser pulses. (I) Probe laser pulses pass through the
Al2O3/Tb19Co5Fe76/Al2O3 (1) and Al2O3/Tb25Co5Fe70/Al2O3 (2) films irradiated
by circularly polarized pulses. (II) The probe laser pulses are reflected from
the Tb19Co5Fe76 nanolayer of the Al2O3/Tb22Co5Fe73/Pr6O11/Tb19Co5Fe76/
Al2O3 junction irradiated from the side of Tb22Co5Fe73 nanolayer by circularly
(1) and linearly (2) polarized pulses. (III) Probe pulses are reflected from the
Co30Fe70 nanolayer of ferrimagnetic Al2O3/Co80Fe20/Pr6O11/Co30Fe70/Al2O3
junction irradiated from the side of the Co80Fe20 nanolayer by the circularly
polarized pulses.
556 M. M. KRUPA, V. G. KOSTISHIN, and A. M. KOROSTIL
Fig. 2. As it is seen from curves I, the laser-induced magnetic reversal
of the Tb19Co5Fe76 nanolayer under circularly polarized laser pulses oc-
curs faster than magnetic reversal of Tb25Co5Fe70 nanolayer because of
the different contributions of the iron magnetization in the total mag-
netic moment of these nanolayers.
As seen from curves II in Fig. 2, the laser-induced magnetic reversal
of the ferrimagnetic junction under circularly polarized laser pulses
(related to the bias field HF) is determined by the magnetic reversal of
the irradiated ferrimagnetic nanolayer. The laser-induced magnetic
reversal under linearly polarized laser pulses is determined by the
above-mentioned effective bias field Hsd related to the laser-induced
spin current. As HF Hsd, the remagnetization rate is higher in the
case of the circularly polarized laser irradiation.
The behaviour of the laser-induced remagnetization of the CoFe-
based nanolayer with in-plane magnetic anisotropy is related to the bi-
as field Hsd. In considered cases, at strong laser-induced heating, bias
field HTR can enhance the remagnetization effect.
The above-mentioned laser-induced magnetization in the TbCoFe-
and CoFe-based ferrimagnetic junction is accompanied by the tunnel
magnetoresistance effect, which occurs without an external magnetic
field. Corresponding curves of the laser-induced resistance changes
under femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulses are presented in
Fig. 3. The laser-induced conductivity dynamics of ferrimagnetic Tb22Co5Fe73/
Pr6O11/Tb19Co5Fe76 (I, III) and Co80Fe20/Pr6O11/Co30Fe70 (II, IV) junctions
irradiated by the circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses from the side of
the layer Tb22Co5Fe73 (I, II) and Co80Fe20 (II, III), respectively, at T 300 K (I, II)
and T 80 K (III, IV).
LASER-INDUCED AFTER-EFFECT IN TUNNEL MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES 557
Fig. 3. The laser-induced change of conductivity of the ferrimagnetic
tunnel junctions are caused by changes of density of states of spin-
polarized electrons near Fermi level caused by the transition between
parallel and antiparallel magnetization configuration of the junctions.
Generally, for the TbCoFe-based tunnel junction, the remagnetization
occurs via the laser-induced effective total internal bias field, Ht
HF Hsd HTR.
For the CoFe-based tunnel magnetic junction with in-plane magnetic
anisotropy, the bias field Ht Hsd HTR. The value of the TMR effect
(presented in Fig. 3) depends on the tunnel conductivity of the PrO-
based tunnel barrier, which is considerable because of the observable
overlap between wave states of electrons outside and inside of the wide-
gap semiconducting tunnel barrier.
REFERENCES
1. I. Zutic, J. Fabian, and S. Das Sarma, Rev. Mod. Phys., 76, No. 2: 323 (2004).
2. A. Kirilyuk, A. V. Kimel, and T. Rasing, Rev. Mod. Phys., 82, No. 3: 2731
(2010).
3. I. Radu, K. Vahaplar, C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, H. A. Dürr,
T. A. Ostler, J. Barker, R. F. L. Evans, R. W. Chantrell, A. Tsukamoto, A. Itoh,
A. Kirilyuk, Th. Rasing, and A. V. Kimel, Nature, 472, Iss. 7342: 205 (2011).
4. A. R. Khorsand, M. Savoini, A. Kirilyuk, A. V. Kimel, A. Tsukamoto, A. Itoh,
and Th. Rasing, Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, No. 10: 107205-1 (2013).
5. T. A. Ostler, J. Barker, R. F. L. Evans, R.W. Chantrell, U. Atxitia,
O. Chubykalo-Fesenko, S. El Moussaoui, L. Le Guyader, E. Mengotti,
L. J. Heyderman, F. Nolting, A. Tsukamoto, A. Itoh, D. Afanasiev,
B. A. Ivanov, A. M. Kalashnikova, K. Vahaplar, J. Mentink, A. Kirilyuk,
Th. Rasing, and A. V. Kimel, Nature Communications, 3, No. 666: 1 (2012).
6. V. M. Shalaev, C. Douketis, J. T. Stuckless, and M. Moskovits, Phys. Rev. B, 53,
No. 17: 11388 (1996).
<<
/ASCII85EncodePages false
/AllowTransparency false
/AutoPositionEPSFiles true
/AutoRotatePages /None
/Binding /Left
/CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%)
/CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1)
/CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2)
/sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1)
/CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Error
/CompatibilityLevel 1.4
/CompressObjects /Tags
/CompressPages true
/ConvertImagesToIndexed true
/PassThroughJPEGImages true
/CreateJobTicket false
/DefaultRenderingIntent /Default
/DetectBlends true
/DetectCurves 0.0000
/ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK
/DoThumbnails false
/EmbedAllFonts true
/EmbedOpenType false
/ParseICCProfilesInComments true
/EmbedJobOptions true
/DSCReportingLevel 0
/EmitDSCWarnings false
/EndPage -1
/ImageMemory 1048576
/LockDistillerParams false
/MaxSubsetPct 100
/Optimize true
/OPM 1
/ParseDSCComments true
/ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true
/PreserveCopyPage true
/PreserveDICMYKValues true
/PreserveEPSInfo true
/PreserveFlatness true
/PreserveHalftoneInfo false
/PreserveOPIComments true
/PreserveOverprintSettings true
/StartPage 1
/SubsetFonts true
/TransferFunctionInfo /Apply
/UCRandBGInfo /Preserve
/UsePrologue false
/ColorSettingsFile ()
/AlwaysEmbed [ true
]
/NeverEmbed [ true
]
/AntiAliasColorImages false
/CropColorImages true
/ColorImageMinResolution 300
/ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleColorImages true
/ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/ColorImageResolution 300
/ColorImageDepth -1
/ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1
/ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeColorImages true
/ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterColorImages true
/ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/ColorACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/ColorImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000ColorImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasGrayImages false
/CropGrayImages true
/GrayImageMinResolution 300
/GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleGrayImages true
/GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/GrayImageResolution 300
/GrayImageDepth -1
/GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2
/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/GrayACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/GrayImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000GrayImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasMonoImages false
/CropMonoImages true
/MonoImageMinResolution 1200
/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleMonoImages true
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/MonoImageResolution 1200
/MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeMonoImages true
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageDict <<
/K -1
>>
/AllowPSXObjects false
/CheckCompliance [
/None
]
/PDFX1aCheck false
/PDFX3Check false
/PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false
/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfile ()
/PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()
/PDFXOutputCondition ()
/PDFXRegistryName ()
/PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false
/Description <<
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
/BGR <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>
/CHS <FEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002>
/CHT <FEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002>
/CZE <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>
/DAN <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>
/DEU <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>
/ESP <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>
/ETI <FEFF004b00610073007500740061006700650020006e0065006900640020007300e4007400740065006900640020006b00760061006c006900740065006500740073006500200074007200fc006b006900650065006c007300650020007000720069006e00740069006d0069007300650020006a0061006f006b007300200073006f00620069006c0069006b0065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740069006400650020006c006f006f006d006900730065006b0073002e00200020004c006f006f0064007500640020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065002000730061006100740065002000610076006100640061002000700072006f006700720061006d006d006900640065006700610020004100630072006f0062006100740020006e0069006e0067002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020006a00610020007500750065006d006100740065002000760065007200730069006f006f006e00690064006500670061002e000d000a>
/FRA <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>
/GRE <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>
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
/HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 5.0 i kasnijim verzijama.)
/HUN <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>
/ITA <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>
/JPN <FEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002>
/KOR <FEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002e>
/LTH <FEFF004e006100750064006f006b0069007400650020016100690075006f007300200070006100720061006d006500740072007500730020006e006f0072011700640061006d00690020006b0075007200740069002000410064006f00620065002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400750073002c0020006b00750072006900650020006c0061006200690061007500730069006100690020007000720069007400610069006b007900740069002000610075006b01610074006f00730020006b006f006b007900620117007300200070006100720065006e006700740069006e00690061006d00200073007000610075007300640069006e0069006d00750069002e0020002000530075006b0075007200740069002000500044004600200064006f006b0075006d0065006e007400610069002000670061006c006900200062016b007400690020006100740069006400610072006f006d00690020004100630072006f006200610074002000690072002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e0030002000610072002000760117006c00650073006e0117006d00690073002000760065007200730069006a006f006d00690073002e>
/LVI <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>
/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
/NOR <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>
/POL <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>
/PTB <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>
/RUM <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>
/RUS <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>
/SKY <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>
/SLV <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>
/SUO <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>
/SVE <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>
/TUR <FEFF005900fc006b00730065006b0020006b0061006c006900740065006c0069002000f6006e002000790061007a006401310072006d00610020006200610073006b013100730131006e006100200065006e0020006900790069002000750079006100620069006c006500630065006b002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002000620065006c00670065006c0065007200690020006f006c0075015f007400750072006d0061006b0020006900e70069006e00200062007500200061007900610072006c0061007201310020006b0075006c006c0061006e0131006e002e00200020004f006c0075015f0074007500720075006c0061006e0020005000440046002000620065006c00670065006c0065007200690020004100630072006f006200610074002000760065002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200076006500200073006f006e0072006100730131006e00640061006b00690020007300fc007200fc006d006c00650072006c00650020006100e70131006c006100620069006c00690072002e>
/UKR <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>
/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-106938 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1024-1809 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:01:05Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Krupa, M.M. Kostishin, V.G. Korostil, A.M. 2016-10-09T12:56:49Z 2016-10-09T12:56:49Z 2014 Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures / M.M. Krupa, V.G. Kostishin, A.M. Korostil // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2014. — Т. 36, № 4. — С. 551-557. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1024-1809 PACS: 75.50.Gg, 75.60.Jk, 75.75.Jn, 75.78.Jp, 78.20.Ls, 78.47.J-, 85.75.-d DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.36.04.0551 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/106938 The laser-induced magnetic after-effects in magnetic nanostructures consisting in magnet reversal under ultra-short circularly polarized laser pulses are studied. Using the magneto-optical method and a pump—probe technique based on the Kerr and Faraday effects, features and conditions of magnetic reversal in ferrimagnetic-based nanostructures under femtosecond circularly polarized laser pulses are established. As shown, the mechanisms of such laser-induced impact are a complex process of laser-induced thermal demagnetization of magnetic sublattices with a subsequent magnetic biasing by internal magnetic fields of different nature. Depending on the laser-pulse duration and intensity, they can be effective magnetic fields of laser irradiation or internal magnetic fields conditioned by different rates of the thermal demagnetization of ferrimagnetic sublattices. Features of the laser-induced tunnel magnetoresistance effect in ferrimagnetic junctions are considered. Исследованы лазерно-индуцированные эффекты последействия в магнитных наноструктурах, состоящие в перемагничивании в поле ультракоротких циркулярно поляризованных лазерных импульсов. С использованием магнитооптического метода накачки—зондирования, основанного на эффектах Керра и Фарадея, установлены особенности перемагничивания в ферримагнитных наноструктурах под действием фемтосекундных лазерных импульсов. Показано, что механизмы такого лазерно-индуцированного воздействия являются комплексными процессами лазерно-индуцированного теплового размагничивания магнитных подрешёток с последующим подмагничиванием эффективными внутренними полями различной природы. В зависимости от длительности и интенсивности лазерных импульсов это могут быть поля лазерного излучения или внутренние поля, связанные с различием скоростей теплового размагничивания подрешёток. Рассмотрены особенности лазерно-индуцированного туннельного магниторезистивного эффекта в ферримагнитных переходах. Досліджено лазерно-індуковані ефекти післядії в магнетних наноструктурах, які полягають в перемагнетуванні у полі ультракоротких циркулярно поляризованих лазерних імпульсів. З використанням магнетооптичної методи накачування—зондування, що ґрунтується на Керровому та Фарадейовому ефектах, встановлено особливості перемагнетування у феримагнетних наноструктурах під дією фемтосекундних лазерних імпульсів. Показано, що механізми такого лазерно-індукованого впливу є комплексними процесами лазерно-індукованого теплового розмагнетовування феримагнетних підґратниць з подальшим підмагнетовуванням внутрішніми ефективними полями різної природи. Залежно від тривалости й інтенсивности лазерних імпульсів, це можуть бути поля лазерного випромінення або внутрішні поля, пов’язані з відмінністю швидкостей теплового розмагнетовування підґратниць. Розглянуто особливості лазерно-індукованого тунельного магнеторезистивного ефекту в феримагнетних переходах. en Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України Металлофизика и новейшие технологии Электронные структура и свойства Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures Лазерно-индуцированное последействие в туннельных магнитных наноструктурах Лазерно-індукована післядія в тунельних магнетних наноструктурах Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures Krupa, M.M. Kostishin, V.G. Korostil, A.M. Электронные структура и свойства |
| title | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures |
| title_alt | Лазерно-индуцированное последействие в туннельных магнитных наноструктурах Лазерно-індукована післядія в тунельних магнетних наноструктурах |
| title_full | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures |
| title_fullStr | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures |
| title_short | Laser-Induced After-Effect in Tunnel Magnetic Nanostructures |
| title_sort | laser-induced after-effect in tunnel magnetic nanostructures |
| topic | Электронные структура и свойства |
| topic_facet | Электронные структура и свойства |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/106938 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krupamm laserinducedaftereffectintunnelmagneticnanostructures AT kostishinvg laserinducedaftereffectintunnelmagneticnanostructures AT korostilam laserinducedaftereffectintunnelmagneticnanostructures AT krupamm lazernoinducirovannoeposledeistvievtunnelʹnyhmagnitnyhnanostrukturah AT kostishinvg lazernoinducirovannoeposledeistvievtunnelʹnyhmagnitnyhnanostrukturah AT korostilam lazernoinducirovannoeposledeistvievtunnelʹnyhmagnitnyhnanostrukturah AT krupamm lazernoíndukovanapíslâdíâvtunelʹnihmagnetnihnanostrukturah AT kostishinvg lazernoíndukovanapíslâdíâvtunelʹnihmagnetnihnanostrukturah AT korostilam lazernoíndukovanapíslâdíâvtunelʹnihmagnetnihnanostrukturah |