A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode
The method of the analysis of a mixed е,X-radiation field along a path of the output target devices of the electron accelerator is proposed. The concept of stopping length of a path and representation of a real path as multicomponent layered target with infinite cross-section size lays at the heart...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2012
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| Zitieren: | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode / V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2012. — № 3. — С. 207-210. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. |
| author_facet | Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. |
| citation_txt | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode / V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2012. — № 3. — С. 207-210. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The method of the analysis of a mixed е,X-radiation field along a path of the output target devices of the electron accelerator is proposed. The concept of stopping length of a path and representation of a real path as multicomponent layered target with infinite cross-section size lays at the heart of a method. A set of basic characteristics of the е,X-radiation is formulated. It is shown, that the description of target devices in terms of stopping length allows to reduce the basic characteristics of radiation to unified form in the range of initial electron energy 5…60 МeV at a value of the nuclear number of target material 6…73. As a result, three stages of the е,X-radiation formation differing by a ratio of its component intensity are established. Procedure of optimisation of a path in order to receive the specified values of basic characteristics is described.
Предложен метод анализа поля смешанного е,Х-излучения вдоль тракта выходных устройств ускорителя электронов. В основе метода лежит концепция тормозной длины тракта и представление реального тракта как слоистой многокомпонентной мишени с бесконечно большими поперечными размерами. Сформулирован набор базовых характеристик е,Х-излучения. Показано, что базовые характеристики излучения как функции тормозной длины можно привести к унифицированному виду в диапазоне энергии первичных электронов 5…60 МэВ при значении атомного номера материалов выходных устройств 6…73. В результате установлены три стадии формирования е,Х-излучения, отличающиеся соотношением интенсивности его компонент. Описана процедура оптимизации тракта для получения требуемых значений базовых характеристик.
Запропоновано метод аналізу поля мішаного е,Х-випромінювання уздовж тракту вихідних пристроїв прискорювача електронів. У основі методу лежить концепція гальмівної довжини тракту і представлення реального тракту як багатокомпонентної шаруватої мішені з нескінченно великими поперечними розмірами. Сформульовано набір базових характеристик е,Х-випромінювання. Показано, що опис вихідних пристроїв у термінах гальмівної довжини дозволяє привести базові характеристики випромінювання до уніфікованого вигляду в діапазоні енергії первинних електронів 5...60 МеВ при значенні атомного номера матеріалів вихідних пристроїв 6…73. В результаті встановлено три стадії формування е,Х-випромінювання, що розрізняються співвідношенням інтенсивності його компонент. Описана процедура оптимізації тракту для здобуття необхідних значень базових характеристик.
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №3(79) 207
A METHOD FOR ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION
OF ELECTRON ACCELERATOR EXIT DEVICES
UNDER BREMSSTRAHLUNG GENERATION MODE
V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: vinikiforov@kipt.kharkov.ua
The method of the analysis of a mixed е,X-radiation field along a path of the output target devices of the electron
accelerator is proposed. The concept of stopping length of a path and representation of a real path as multicompo-
nent layered target with infinite cross-section size lays at the heart of a method. A set of basic characteristics of the
е,X-radiation is formulated. It is shown, that the description of target devices in terms of stopping length allows to
reduce the basic characteristics of radiation to unified form in the range of initial electron energy 5…60 МeV at a
value of the nuclear number of target material 6…73. As a result, three stages of the е,X-radiation formation differ-
ing by a ratio of its component intensity are established. Procedure of optimisation of a path in order to receive the
specified values of basic characteristics is described.
PACS: 03.50.-z; 07.05.Tp; 07.85.Fv
1. INTRODUCTION
Modern radiation technologies make wide use of
both electron radiation and bremsstrahlung (e.g., see
refs. [1,2]). In every case the amount of “impurities”
contained in the particle flux must be minimal.
The interaction of the electron beam with the ele-
ments of accelerator output devices represents the trans-
formation of the primary “pure” electron beam into a
mixed e,X-radiation. The ratio of its component intensi-
ties in the given transverse plane is specified by the ini-
tial electron energy E0, the thickness and atomic number
of the materials in the region of radiation formation.
Analytically, the conditions of electron radiation
transformation into the bremsstrahlung are generally
described in terms of the radiation length of converting
material [3]. The formulae derived are rather compli-
cated and, as a rule, are applicable to a limited range of
electron energy, thickness and atomic number of con-
verting media [4].
The present work offers a generalized approach to the
description of the conditions of mixed e,X-radiation for-
mation. Numerical results given in the paper have been
obtained by the mathematical modeling method, using the
transport code PENELOPE-2008 as the basis [5].
2. STOPPING THICKNESS UNIT AND
STOPPING LENGTH OF THE OUTPUT
The stopping thickness of a layer of a certain ma-
terial is defined as the ratio of the linear thickness of the
layer (in cm) to the average range (in cm) of the elec-
tron of given energy in this material. The resulting in
this way stopping thickness of the layer is dimen-
sionless. The corresponding unit of measurement is re-
ferred to as the stopping thickness unit (stu).
The stopping length of the output path of the ac-
celerator is equal to the sum of stopping thicknesses of
all the output device elements, of all water, air gaps or
the like. In this case, the average range of the electron in
every medium is calculated at the same energy equal to
the mean electron energy in the beam spectrum.
It is evident that the Z-coordinates of the device
elements along the path can be measured in the stu, and
the state of radiation along the path can be described by
the functions of the stopping coordinate.
3. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE e,X-RADIATION
The basic characteristics of electron-photon radia-
tion include the energy coefficient of electron trans-
mission (Eel/Ebeam) and the energy coefficient of
electron-to-photon conversion (Ega/Ebeam). Here
Ebeam is the total of electron beam energy; Eel, Ega
are, respectively, the total energies of forward flying
electrons and photons, which cross the transverse plane
that passes through the given Z-coordinate.
Of considerable practical use is the ratio of the men-
tioned coefficients (Ega/Eel) hereinafter called as the
secondary radiation energy factor. The corresponding
parameters relating to the positron component of radia-
tion are calculated in the same way, but on account of
their insignificance they are not shown here.
The behavior of absolute values of basic radiation
characteristics in different substances versus their stop-
ping thickness in the electron energy range between 5
and 60 MeV is shown in Figs.1 to 3.
If each of these characteristics is normalized to its
highest value, then their behavior versus the stopping
coordinate will be essentially unified (Fig.4). In other
words, the behavior of normalized basic characteristics
depends only slightly on the atomic number of the sub-
stance and the electron energy. These two important
facts count in favor of the practical use of the stopping
range concept for describing the state of mixed e,X-
radiation in the substance.
4. GENERALIZED DESCRIPTION
OF THE ACCELERATOR OUTPUT PATH
The accelerator output elements have finite sizes
(height, width, thickness). From now forth we shall call
the path described with due regard for real dimensions
of its elements as the RAM (Real Approximation
Mode)-path. To represent the base characteristics of
radiation as continuous functions of stopping coordi-
nates of the path, we shall also introduce the concept of
LAM (Layer Approximation Mode)-path. Its fundamen-
tal difference from the RAM-path consists in that the
transverse dimensions (height, width) of all the elements
are assumed to be infinitely large. In the calculations
performed, the transverse dimensions of all the elements
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №3(79) 208
were finite and put to be 20 meters. Thus, the LAM-path
of the accelerator presents a layered multicomponent
target, i.e., a set of different materials closely adjoining
each other (titanium, aluminum, water, air, etc.). Owing
to a great value of the height (width)-to-thickness ratio,
all the particles escaping forwards (i.e., along the beam)
from any layer come to the next layer.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
60
20
5
Al
Ee
l/E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
60
5 20
H
2
O
Z (stu)
Ee
l/E
be
am
(%
)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
60205
Cu
Ee
l/E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
60
205
Ta
Ee
l/E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
Fig.1. Electron transmission coefficient versus material
thickness. Figures near the curves indicate
the beam electron energy in MeV
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
5
10
15
20
0
5
10
15
20
H2O
20
60
5
Eg
a/
E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Al
20
60
5
E
ga
/E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Cu
20
60
5
E
ga
/E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Ta
20
60
5
E
ga
/E
be
am
(%
)
Z (stu)
Fig.2. Conversion coefficient as a function
of the material thickness
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
5
20
60
H2O
Eg
a/
Ee
l
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
3005
20
60
Al
Eg
a/
Ee
l
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
2505
20
60
Cu
Eg
a/
Ee
l
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1405
20
60
Ta
Eg
a/
Ee
l
Z (stu)
Fig.3. Secondary radiation factor versus material
thickness
This provides the continuity of the base characteris-
tics of radiation as functions of the stopping coordinate
of the path.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
60205
Ega/Eel
Eel/Ebeam
Ega/Ebeam 5
20205
205
H2O
R
el
at
iv
e
va
lu
e
Z (stu)
60
60 60
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
20
5 60Ega/Ebeam
Eel/Ebeam
Ega/Eel
5 20
5
5
20
60 60
60205
AlR
el
at
iv
e
va
lu
e
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
5 20 60
5 20
60
20
5
60
20
5
Eel/Ebeam Ega/Eel
Ega/Ebeam
Cu
R
el
at
iv
e
va
lu
e
Z (stu)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Ega/Ebeam
Eel/Ebeam Ega/Eel
5
20
20
5
20
5
20
5
TaRe
la
tiv
e
va
lu
e
Z (stu)
60
60
60
60
Fig. 4. Normalized coefficients of transmission, conver-
sion and the secondary radiation factor as functions of
material thickness
As an example, Fig.5 gives the calculation data on
the coefficients of electron transmission/conversion and
the factor of secondary radiation along the output de-
vices of the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-10 operated in
the mode of bremsstrahlung generation [6]. The data
were obtained with the use of both RAM and LAM rep-
resentations. The solid circles refer to the calculations of
the base characteristics along the RAM-path of the ac-
celerator, and the open circles refer to the LAM-path.
The letters near the circles indicate the belonging of the
abscissa of the calculation point to a definite output de-
vice of the path: e – scanner foil, c – converter, f – filter,
o – irradiation object, v – monitor. Because of a small
stopping thickness (0.0041 stu), the point referring to
the scanner foil lies practically at the origin of the coor-
dinates and appears only slightly in the plots.
The calculations confirm that in the LAM represen-
tation the base characteristics of the beam transforma-
tion path are the continuous functions of its stopping Z-
coordinate, while the characteristics of the RAM de-
scription show natural jumps due to the finite transverse
dimensions of its elements. The differences between the
absolute values of RAM and LAM base characteristics
concern only the ordinates. The abscissas of the points
remain the same. This gives grounds for the use of the
base characteristics of the LAM-path when choosing the
optimum thickness of output device elements and the
site of their location. Owing to their continuity, these
characteristics can provide more definite evidence on
the properties of radiation at different cross sections of
the path.
5. OPTIMIZATION OF THE
ACCELERATOR OUTPUT PATH
The path of the accelerator operating in the mode of
bremsstrahlung generation comprises a converter and a
filter as the basic devices, after which the irradiation
object is placed. The task of output-device path optimi-
zation is thus reduced to optimization of the converter
and the filter. Its purpose is to attain the maximum in-
tensity of the photon flux on the surface of the irradiated
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №3(79) 209
object at a minimum content of the electron component
in the radiation.
The converter. By definition, this device is intended
to produce at its output the radiation with maximum
electron-to-photon energy conversion. As a main pho-
ton-producing medium in it, the material having a high
atomic number (tantalum, tungsten, gold, etc.) is gener-
ally used. In reality, apart from one or a few photon-
producing plates, the converter unit also includes the
casing with entrance/exit windows, and also, the cooling
water gaps. The optimum design of the converter is the
one, where the maximum conversion is attained on the
last (along the beam path) surface of the photon-
producing material.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
c
c
c
c
c
c c c c c f f f f o o o o o o vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Ee
l /
E
be
am
Z (stu) а
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0
0,000
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,004
0,005
0,006
0,007
0,008
0,009
0,010
c
c
cc f f f o o o o o o vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
f
f
f
f
Ee
l /
E
be
am
Z (stu) b
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
e
c c c f f f f o
o
o
o
o
o vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
e
c
c
c
c c
c
c
f f f f
o o o o o o vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Z (stu)
Eg
a
/ E
be
am
с
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
e ccccc
c
c
c
c
c
f f ff o
o o o o o vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
f
f
f
f
o
o
o o o o
vvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Eg
a
/ E
el
Z (stu) d
Fig.5. Electron transmission coefficient (a) and its
enlarged fragment (b), energy conversion coefficient (c)
and the secondary radiation factor (d) along the output-
devices path. Solid circles refer to the RAM-path, open
circles – LAM-path
The filter has to provide a full stop of beam elec-
trons, exerting minimum influence on the photon flux
obtained in the converter. In other words, the function
of the filter is to provide the maximum photon-to-
electron component energy ratio (secondary emission
factor Ega/Eel). The material having a low atomic num-
ber (e.g., aluminum) is generally used as a filter.
Let max
convT is the abscissa of maximum electron-to-
photon conversion (see Fig.5,c), while factorT − the ab-
scissa of cessation of the intensive growth of secondary
radiation factor (see Fig.5,d).To determine the optimum
stopping thicknesses of the converter, tN conv, and the
filter, tN factor, we write the following optimization equa-
tions
1
max
1
,
conv
conv
k N
conv
k N
k
t t T
= −
=
+ =∑ (1)
1
max
1
.
factor
factor
conv
k N
conv factor
k N
k N
T t t T
= −
= +
+ + =∑ (2)
In these equations, tk is the total stopping thickness
of the k-th medium (e.g., total thickness of all water
layers).
The left sides of the equations are the sums of thick-
nesses of all the media passed through by the radiation,
starting from the exit of beam electrons from the vacuum
volume of the accelerator. In eq. (1), the summation up to
the last (along the beam path) surface of the converter
embraces Nconv media. In eq. (2) the summation up to the
last surface of the filter embraces (Nconv +Nfactor) media.
The sought-for thicknesses of the photon-producing con-
verter material, tNconv, and the filter material tNfactor are
presented as separate terms.
The general requirement for the path elements enter-
ing under the summation sign into eqs. (1) and (2) con-
sists in minimization of their effect on the radiation. In
other words, the presence of these path elements and
their thicknesses are governed exclusively by the re-
quirements on heat removal, strength, etc.
CONCLUSIONS
The behavior of normalized base characteristics of
secondary radiation as functions of the output devices
thickness with the material atomic numbers between 6
and 73 at primary electron energies ranging from 5 to
60 MeV has demonstrated that these characteristics:
1) depend only weakly on the atomic number of the
substance and
2) have only a weak dependence on the electron en-
ergy.
These two important facts count in favor of the prac-
tical use of the concept of stopping length for the de-
scription of the state of e,X-radiation in substances.
The analysis of the behavior of normalized base
characteristics of radiation also enables us to argue that
in any substance, at any electron beam energies the e,X-
radiation experiences three stages of development, and
thus, we can indicate the boundaries of the correspond-
ing regions. This is more pronounced with the secon-
dary radiation factor, the behavior of which has a
marked step-like character.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2012. №3(79) 210
The primary radiation region. This is the zone of
intense continuous stopping of primary electron beam.
Here the maximum conversion coefficient is attained,
which specifies the upper boundary of this region.
The transient radiation region. Here a complete
stop of electron beam takes place. Therefore, the secon-
dary radiation factor rises sharply here. The region ex-
tends from the abscissa of the maximum conversion
coefficient to the point, at which a sharp rise in the sec-
ondary emission factor ceases.
The secondary radiation region. This is the region
of steady-state dynamically equilibrium secondary radia-
tion, where there are no primary electrons of the beam.
The region is characterized by a high secondary radiation
factor, i.e., by an essential excess of the photon compo-
nent energy over the electron one. Since in the end the
radiation is absorbed by the substance, then with an in-
creasing depth each of the radiation components de-
creases so that their ratio is a slowly varying function of
depth. The slowness of the factor is a consequence of
photon domination and high photon penetrability.
The quantitative estimation of the transient radiation
region is of crucial importance for optimization of the
output devices of the accelerator operated in the mode
of bremsstrahlung generation. The boundaries of the
region are the initial data for the optimization equations
and for determination of optimum thickness values of
the converter photon-producing material and the filter.
So the proposed here optimization of the path of the
accelerator output devices includes three stages.
At the first stage, in the LAM approximation, the
path is formed with model parameters of the converter,
filter and other elements.
At the second stage, the mathematical model ap-
proach is used to calculate the absolute values of the
conversion coefficient and the secondary radiation fac-
tor as stopping coordinate functions. Relying on the
results obtained, the boundaries of the transition region
are determined.
At the third stage, the optimization equations are
solved and the parameters of the converter, filter, and
other devices are determined.
REFERENCES
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Статья поступила в редакцию 23.09.2011 г.
МЕТОД АНАЛИЗА И ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ВЫХОДНЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ УСКОРИТЕЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ
В РЕЖИМЕ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ТОРМОЗНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ
В.И. Никифоров, В.Л. Уваров
Предложен метод анализа поля смешанного е,Х-излучения вдоль тракта выходных устройств ускорителя
электронов. В основе метода лежит концепция тормозной длины тракта и представление реального тракта
как слоистой многокомпонентной мишени с бесконечно большими поперечными размерами. Сформулиро-
ван набор базовых характеристик е,Х-излучения. Показано, что базовые характеристики излучения как функ-
ции тормозной длины можно привести к унифицированному виду в диапазоне энергии первичных электронов
5…60 МэВ при значении атомного номера материалов выходных устройств 6…73. В результате установлены
три стадии формирования е,Х-излучения, отличающиеся соотношением интенсивности его компонент. Описа-
на процедура оптимизации тракта для получения требуемых значений базовых характеристик.
МЕТОД АНАЛІЗУ ТА ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ВИХІДНИХ ПРИСТРОЇВ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧА ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ
У РЕЖИМІ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ ГАЛЬМІВНОГО ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯ
В.І. Нікіфоров, В.Л. Уваров
Запропоновано метод аналізу поля мішаного е,Х-випромінювання уздовж тракту вихідних пристроїв
прискорювача електронів. У основі методу лежить концепція гальмівної довжини тракту і представлення
реального тракту як багатокомпонентної шаруватої мішені з нескінченно великими поперечними розмірами.
Сформульовано набір базових характеристик е,Х-випромінювання. Показано, що опис вихідних пристроїв у
термінах гальмівної довжини дозволяє привести базові характеристики випромінювання до уніфікованого
вигляду в діапазоні енергії первинних електронів 5...60 МеВ при значенні атомного номера матеріалів вихі-
дних пристроїв 6…73. В результаті встановлено три стадії формування е,Х-випромінювання, що розрізня-
ються співвідношенням інтенсивності його компонент. Описана процедура оптимізації тракту для здобуття
необхідних значень базових характеристик.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-108749 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:02:18Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. 2016-11-15T11:51:27Z 2016-11-15T11:51:27Z 2012 A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode / V.I. Nikiforov, V.L. Uvarov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2012. — № 3. — С. 207-210. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 03.50.-z; 07.05.Tp; 07.85.Fv https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/108749 The method of the analysis of a mixed е,X-radiation field along a path of the output target devices of the electron accelerator is proposed. The concept of stopping length of a path and representation of a real path as multicomponent layered target with infinite cross-section size lays at the heart of a method. A set of basic characteristics of the е,X-radiation is formulated. It is shown, that the description of target devices in terms of stopping length allows to reduce the basic characteristics of radiation to unified form in the range of initial electron energy 5…60 МeV at a value of the nuclear number of target material 6…73. As a result, three stages of the е,X-radiation formation differing by a ratio of its component intensity are established. Procedure of optimisation of a path in order to receive the specified values of basic characteristics is described. Предложен метод анализа поля смешанного е,Х-излучения вдоль тракта выходных устройств ускорителя электронов. В основе метода лежит концепция тормозной длины тракта и представление реального тракта как слоистой многокомпонентной мишени с бесконечно большими поперечными размерами. Сформулирован набор базовых характеристик е,Х-излучения. Показано, что базовые характеристики излучения как функции тормозной длины можно привести к унифицированному виду в диапазоне энергии первичных электронов 5…60 МэВ при значении атомного номера материалов выходных устройств 6…73. В результате установлены три стадии формирования е,Х-излучения, отличающиеся соотношением интенсивности его компонент. Описана процедура оптимизации тракта для получения требуемых значений базовых характеристик. Запропоновано метод аналізу поля мішаного е,Х-випромінювання уздовж тракту вихідних пристроїв прискорювача електронів. У основі методу лежить концепція гальмівної довжини тракту і представлення реального тракту як багатокомпонентної шаруватої мішені з нескінченно великими поперечними розмірами. Сформульовано набір базових характеристик е,Х-випромінювання. Показано, що опис вихідних пристроїв у термінах гальмівної довжини дозволяє привести базові характеристики випромінювання до уніфікованого вигляду в діапазоні енергії первинних електронів 5...60 МеВ при значенні атомного номера матеріалів вихідних пристроїв 6…73. В результаті встановлено три стадії формування е,Х-випромінювання, що розрізняються співвідношенням інтенсивності його компонент. Описана процедура оптимізації тракту для здобуття необхідних значень базових характеристик. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Применение ускоренных пучков: детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode Метод анализа и оптимизации выходных устройств ускорителя электронов в режиме генерации тормозного излучения Метод аналізу та оптимізації вихідних пристроїв прискорювача електронів у режимі генерації гальмівного випромінювання Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode Nikiforov, V.I. Uvarov, V.L. Применение ускоренных пучков: детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений |
| title | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode |
| title_alt | Метод анализа и оптимизации выходных устройств ускорителя электронов в режиме генерации тормозного излучения Метод аналізу та оптимізації вихідних пристроїв прискорювача електронів у режимі генерації гальмівного випромінювання |
| title_full | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode |
| title_fullStr | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode |
| title_full_unstemmed | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode |
| title_short | A method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode |
| title_sort | method for analysis and optimization of electron accelerator exit devices under bremsstrahlung generation mode |
| topic | Применение ускоренных пучков: детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений |
| topic_facet | Применение ускоренных пучков: детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/108749 |
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