Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine
Analysis of regional peculiarities of species composition and structure of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various parts of Ukraine is presented. More than 86,000 strongylid specimens were collected using the diagnostic deworming technique from 180 horses in 10 regions (Kyivska, Kyrov...
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2012
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Kuzmina, T.A. 2016-11-19T15:32:21Z 2016-11-19T15:32:21Z 2012 Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine / T.A. Kuzmina // Вестник зоологии. — 2012. — Т. 46, № 1. — С. 9-17. — Бібліогр.: 40 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/v10058-012-0002-4 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109038 595.132:599.723(477) Analysis of regional peculiarities of species composition and structure of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various parts of Ukraine is presented. More than 86,000 strongylid specimens were collected using the diagnostic deworming technique from 180 horses in 10 regions (Kyivska, Kyrovogradska, Poltavska, Kharkivska, Sumska, Donetska, Ternopilska, Zakarpatska, Khersonska and AR Crimea) and identified to the species level. Thirty-three strongylid species from 12 genera were found – 26 species in the subfamily Cyathostominae and seven – in the subfamily Strongylinae. General structure of the strongylid community appeared to be multimodal. The highest biodiversity of strongylids was found in horses from Southern regions of Ukraine (29 species from 12 genera) and the lowest in Eastern regions (15 species from six genera). However, no statistically significant differences in species composition of strongylid communities in horses from various regions of Ukraine were found (p > 0.05). Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in domestic horses from Ukraine with that from others countries revealed the highest similarity of the strongylid communities from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland; the lowest was in horses from South Africa and north-western Europe (France and the UK). Our results showed that the peculiarities of horse-keeping conditions influenced the biodiversity of the strongylid communities in domestic horses much more than climatic conditions in various regions. Проведен анализ региональных особенностей видового разнообразия и структуры сообществ стронгилид домашних лошадей из разных регионов Украины. Методом диагностической дегельминтизации собрано и определено до вида более 86 тысяч экз. стронгилид от 180 домашних лошадей из 10 областей (Киевской, Кировоградской, Полтавской, Харьковской, Сумской, Донецкой, Тернопольской, Закарпатской, Херсонской областей и АР Крым). Зарегистрировано 33 вида стронгилид из 12?родов — 26 видов циатостомин и 7 видов стронгилин. Обнаружена мультимодальная структура сообщества стронгилид. Наибольшее видовое разнообразие сообщества стронгилид обнаружено у лошадей из южных областей Украины (29 видов из 12 родов), наименьшее — в восточных областях (15 видов из 6 родов). Однако статистически достоверных различий в видовом разнообразии сообществ стронгилид лошадей из разных областей Украины не обнаружено (p > 0,05). При сравнении видового разнообразия сообществ стронгилид домашних лошадей Украины с таковыми из других стран мира обнаружено наибольшее сходство сообществ у лошадей Украины, Чехии и Польши. Наибольшие достоверные отличия в видовом составе сообществ обнаружены у лошадей Южной Африки, а также северо-западной Европы (Франция и Великобритания). Результаты нашей работы показывают, что особенности условий содержания домашних лошадей оказывают более сильное влияние на видовое разнообразие сообществ стронгилид, чем разница климатических условий региона. The author thanks Dr. Iurii (Yuriy) Kuzmin, PhD, from the I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine for his remarks and comments on the text. The author also thanks Sharon Tolliver, MS, and Eugene T. Lyons, PhD, from the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell Gluck Equine Research Center, for their valuable help in the manuscript revision. en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Фауна и систематика Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine Анализ региональных особенностей видового разнообразия стронгилид (Nematoda, Strongylidae) домашних лошадей Украины Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| title |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine |
| spellingShingle |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine Kuzmina, T.A. Фауна и систематика |
| title_short |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine |
| title_full |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine |
| title_fullStr |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine |
| title_sort |
analysis of regional peculiarities of strongylid (nematoda, strongylidae) biodiversity in domestic horses in ukraine |
| author |
Kuzmina, T.A. |
| author_facet |
Kuzmina, T.A. |
| topic |
Фауна и систематика |
| topic_facet |
Фауна и систематика |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вестник зоологии |
| publisher |
Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Анализ региональных особенностей видового разнообразия стронгилид (Nematoda, Strongylidae) домашних лошадей Украины |
| description |
Analysis of regional peculiarities of species composition and structure of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various parts of Ukraine is presented. More than 86,000 strongylid specimens were collected using the diagnostic deworming technique from 180 horses in 10 regions (Kyivska, Kyrovogradska, Poltavska, Kharkivska, Sumska, Donetska, Ternopilska, Zakarpatska, Khersonska and AR Crimea) and identified to the species level. Thirty-three strongylid species from 12 genera were found – 26 species in the subfamily Cyathostominae and seven – in the subfamily Strongylinae. General structure of the strongylid community appeared to be multimodal. The highest biodiversity of strongylids was found in horses from Southern regions of Ukraine (29 species from 12 genera) and the lowest in Eastern regions (15 species from six genera). However, no statistically significant differences in species composition of strongylid communities in horses from various regions of Ukraine were found (p > 0.05). Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in domestic horses from Ukraine with that from others countries revealed the highest similarity of the strongylid communities from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland; the lowest was in horses from South Africa and north-western Europe (France and the UK). Our results showed that the peculiarities of horse-keeping conditions influenced the biodiversity of the strongylid communities in domestic horses much more than climatic conditions in various regions.
Проведен анализ региональных особенностей видового разнообразия и структуры сообществ стронгилид домашних лошадей из разных регионов Украины. Методом диагностической дегельминтизации собрано и определено до вида более 86 тысяч экз. стронгилид от 180 домашних лошадей из 10 областей (Киевской, Кировоградской, Полтавской, Харьковской, Сумской, Донецкой, Тернопольской, Закарпатской, Херсонской областей и АР Крым). Зарегистрировано 33 вида стронгилид из 12?родов — 26 видов циатостомин и 7 видов стронгилин. Обнаружена мультимодальная структура сообщества стронгилид. Наибольшее видовое разнообразие сообщества стронгилид обнаружено у лошадей из южных областей Украины (29 видов из 12 родов), наименьшее — в восточных областях (15 видов из 6 родов). Однако статистически достоверных различий в видовом разнообразии сообществ стронгилид лошадей из разных областей Украины не обнаружено (p > 0,05). При сравнении видового разнообразия сообществ стронгилид домашних лошадей Украины с таковыми из других стран мира обнаружено наибольшее сходство сообществ у лошадей Украины, Чехии и Польши. Наибольшие достоверные отличия в видовом составе сообществ обнаружены у лошадей Южной Африки, а также северо-западной Европы (Франция и Великобритания). Результаты нашей работы показывают, что особенности условий содержания домашних лошадей оказывают более сильное влияние на видовое разнообразие сообществ стронгилид, чем разница климатических условий региона.
|
| issn |
0084-5604 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109038 |
| citation_txt |
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic Horses in Ukraine / T.A. Kuzmina // Вестник зоологии. — 2012. — Т. 46, № 1. — С. 9-17. — Бібліогр.: 40 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-26T11:42:12Z |
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2025-11-26T11:42:12Z |
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| fulltext |
UDC 595.132:599.723(477)
ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF STRONGYLID
(NEMATODA, STRONGYLIDAE) BIODIVERSITY
IN DOMESTIC HORSES IN UKRAINE
T. A. Kuzmina
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine
Bogdan Chmielnicky str. 15, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: taniak@izan.kiev.ua
Received 25 October 2011
Accepted 10 November 2011
Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity in Domestic
Horses in Ukraine. Kuzmina T. A. – Analysis of regional peculiarities of species composition and struc-
ture of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various parts of Ukraine is presented. More
than 86,000 strongylid specimens were collected using the diagnostic deworming technique from 180
horses in 10 regions (Kyivska, Kyrovogradska, Poltavska, Kharkivska, Sumska, Donetska, Ternopilska,
Zakarpatska, Khersonska and AR Crimea) and identified to the species level. Thirty-three strongylid
species from 12 genera were found – 26 species in the subfamily Cyathostominae and seven – in the
subfamily Strongylinae. General structure of the strongylid community appeared to be multimodal. The
highest biodiversity of strongylids was found in horses from Southern regions of Ukraine (29 species
from 12 genera) and the lowest in Eastern regions (15 species from six genera). However, no statisti-
cally significant differences in species composition of strongylid communities in horses from various
regions of Ukraine were found (p > 0.05). Comparison of strongylid biodiversity in domestic horses
from Ukraine with that from others countries revealed the highest similarity of the strongylid commu-
nities from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland; the lowest was in horses from South Africa and
north-western Europe (France and the UK). Our results showed that the peculiarities of horse-keep-
ing conditions influenced the biodiversity of the strongylid communities in domestic horses much more
than climatic conditions in various regions.
Ke y wo r d s: strongylida, Cyathostominae, strongylid community, domestic horses, Ukraine.
Àíàëèç ðåãèîíàëüíûõ îñîáåííîñòåé âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ñòðîíãèëèä (Nematoda, Strongylidae)
äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé Óêðàèíû. Êóçüìèíà Ò. À. – Ïðîâåäåí àíàëèç ðåãèîíàëüíûõ îñîáåííîñòåé
âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ñòðóêòóðû ñîîáùåñòâ ñòðîíãèëèä äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé èç ðàçíûõ ðåãèî-
íîâ Óêðàèíû. Ìåòîäîì äèàãíîñòè÷åñêîé äåãåëüìèíòèçàöèè ñîáðàíî è îïðåäåëåíî äî âèäà
áîëåå 86 òûñÿ÷ ýêç. ñòðîíãèëèä îò 180 äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé èç 10 îáëàñòåé (Êèåâñêîé,
Êèðîâîãðàäñêîé, Ïîëòàâñêîé, Õàðüêîâñêîé, Ñóìñêîé, Äîíåöêîé, Òåðíîïîëüñêîé,
Çàêàðïàòñêîé, Õåðñîíñêîé îáëàñòåé è ÀÐ Êðûì). Çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 33 âèäà ñòðîíãèëèä èç
12 ðîäîâ – 26 âèäîâ öèàòîñòîìèí è 7 âèäîâ ñòðîíãèëèí. Îáíàðóæåíà ìóëüòèìîäàëüíàÿ ñòðóê-
òóðà ñîîáùåñòâà ñòðîíãèëèä. Íàèáîëüøåå âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå ñîîáùåñòâà ñòðîíãèëèä îáíà-
ðóæåíî ó ëîøàäåé èç þæíûõ îáëàñòåé Óêðàèíû (29 âèäîâ èç 12 ðîäîâ), íàèìåíüøåå – â âîñ-
òî÷íûõ îáëàñòÿõ (15 âèäîâ èç 6 ðîäîâ). Îäíàêî ñòàòèñòè÷åñêè äîñòîâåðíûõ ðàçëè÷èé â âèäîâîì
ðàçíîîáðàçèè ñîîáùåñòâ ñòðîíãèëèä ëîøàäåé èç ðàçíûõ îáëàñòåé Óêðàèíû íå îáíàðóæåíî (p >
0,05). Ïðè ñðàâíåíèè âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ñîîáùåñòâ ñòðîíãèëèä äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé
Óêðàèíû ñ òàêîâûìè èç äðóãèõ ñòðàí ìèðà îáíàðóæåíî íàèáîëüøåå ñõîäñòâî ñîîáùåñòâ ó ëîøà-
äåé Óêðàèíû, ×åõèè è Ïîëüøè. Íàèáîëüøèå äîñòîâåðíûå îòëè÷èÿ â âèäîâîì ñîñòàâå
ñîîáùåñòâ îáíàðóæåíû ó ëîøàäåé Þæíîé Àôðèêè, à òàêæå ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé Åâðîïû (Ôðàíöèÿ
è Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ). Ðåçóëüòàòû íàøåé ðàáîòû ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî îñîáåííîñòè óñëîâèé ñîäåðæà-
íèÿ äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé îêàçûâàþò áîëåå ñèëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà âèäîâîå ðàçíîîáðàçèå ñîîáùåñòâ
ñòðîíãèëèä, ÷åì ðàçíèöà êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé ðåãèîíà.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: ñòðîíãèëèäû, Cyathostominae, ñòðóêòóðà ñîîáùåñòâà, äîìàøíèå ëîøàäè,
Óêðàèíà.
Vestnik zoologii, 46(1): e-7—e-15, 2012
DOI 10.2478/v10058-012-0002-4
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 11/17/16 9:17 PM
Introduction
Species of the family Strongylidae (Nematoda: Strongylida) parasitize domestic and wild horses
(Equidae) worldwide (Lichtenfels, 1975; Dvojnos, Kharchenko, 1994; Lichtenfels et al., 2008). A number of
horse strongylids has been described to date: 64 species in two subfamilies, Strongylinae (13 species) and
Cyathostominae (51 species) (Lichtenfels et al., 2008). However, the “core” of the strongylid community in
domestic horses is comprised mainly of 10—12 of the most prevalent species that represent more than 90%
of strongylid communities (Ogbourne, 1976; Reinemeyer et al., 1984; Dvojnos and Kharchenko, 1994;
Gawor, 1995; Lyons et al., 1996; Silva et al., 1999; Kaplan, 2002; Kuzmina et al., 2005).
During the past few decades, there has been an increase in interest to investigate the species composi-
tion of horse strongylid communities in many countries of Europe (Gawor, 1995, 2006; Collobert-Laugier et
al., 2002; Osterman Lind et al., 2003; Traversa et al., 2007; Kornas et al., 2010; Kuzmina et al., 2005, 2011),
North and South America (Anjos, Rodrigues, 2003; Silva et al., 1999; Tolliver, 2000; Chapman et al., 2002;
Lyons et al., 1994, 1996) and Australia (Mfitilodze and Hutchinson, 1985; Bucknell et al., 1995, 1996). It was
found that, despite a dominance of a dozen of the most prevalent species in strongylid communities world-
wide, biodiversity of communities in domestic horses differ in various countries. These differences may be
caused by peculiarities of climate as well as a difference in horse management systems in various countries.
During the last decade, we have studied the strongylid communities in domestic horses from various regions
of Ukraine (Kuzmina et al., 2005, 2009). Species composition and structure of strongylid communities were ana-
lyzed in various types of horse breeds and under different horse-keeping conditions. However, no analysis of
strongylid community structure in relation to regional natural and climatic conditions has been performed yet.
Ukraine is situated in a moderate climatic zone. Despite its rather large dimensions (from 52°20‘ to
44°20‘ N and from 22°5‘ to 41°15‘ E), Ukraine has very little diversity in climatic conditions. There are three
main natural zones in Ukraine – the forest zone (Polissia) in the northern part, the forest-steppe zone in
the central part, and steppe zone in the southern part of the country. The horse-breeding industry is develo -
ped mainly in the western, central, and eastern parts of Ukraine. Currently, there are more than 500,000
horses in nine breeds that are kept on various types of Ukrainian horse farms (Kuzmina et al., 2008).
The aim of the current study was to analyze the regional peculiarities of species composition and struc-
ture of strongylid communities in horses from various parts of Ukraine. Special attention was given to compa -
rison of strongylid communities’ biodiversity in domestic horses from Ukraine and from other parts of the world.
Material and methods
Our study was carried out on 180 domestic horses from horse farms from 10 administrative regions
(oblasts) of Ukraine – Kyivska (30 horses), Kyrovogradska (39), Poltavska (22), Kharkivska (12), Sumska
(14), Donetska (8), Ternopilska (12), Zakarpatska (11), Khersonska (18), and AR Crimea (14) (fig. 1).
All horses were kept under stable-pasture or stable-paddock horse-keeping conditions and were infected
natu rally with strongylids. The level of infection was analyzed by the coprological McMaster method with a sen-
sitivity of 25 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) (Herd, 1992). All horses selected had levels of infection not less than
200 EPG and had not been dewormed with any anthelmintics during at least three months prior to our studies.
e-8 T. A. Kuzmina
Fig. 1. Regions of studies and number of animals studied.
Ðèñ. 1. Ðåãèîíû èññëåäîâàíèé è êîëè÷åñòâî èññëåäîâàííûõ æèâîòíûõ.
39
K yiv
30
Kyrovograd
Poltava
22
Kharkiv
12
Donetsk
8
Sumy
14
Ternopil
12
Zakarpattia
11
Kherson
18
AR Crimea
14
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 11/17/16 9:17 PM
The in vivo method of diagnostic deworming (Kuzmina et al., 2004) was used to collect strongylids. In
total, 86,036 strongylid specimens were collected and identified under light microscope by morphological cri-
teria (Dvojnos, Kharchenko, 1994; Lichtenfels et al., 2008).
The distribution of strongylid species among 10 prevalence classes (0—10 %, 11—20 %, ... 91—100 %)
was performed according to Bucknell et al. (1995).
The Paleontological Statistics Software (PAST) (Hammer et al., 2001) was used for statistical analysis
of the results obtained. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney test (U) was used to compare species composition
of strongylid communities in horses from various regions of Ukraine and other countries. Bray—Curtis clus-
ter analysis was performed using the Biodiversity Professional v. 2.04.
Results
General characteristic of strongylid community in Ukrainian horses
Thirty-three strongylid species from 12 genera were found in domestic horses from
10 regions of Ukraine: 26 species of cyathostomes (subfamily Cyathostominae) and
seven – of strongylines (subfamily Strongylinae) (fig. 2). From 5 to 23 species (10.38 ±
3.8 SD) were observed in an individual horse.
e-9Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity...
Fig. 2. Prevalence of infection (%) of separate strongylid species and their proportion in the strongylid com-
munity: Strongylinae: SVU – Strongylus vulgaris; SED – S. edentatus; SEQ – S. equinus; TSE –
Triodontophorus serratus; TNI – T. nipponicus; TBR – T. brevicauda; TTE – T. tenuicollis; CRA –
Ñraterostomum acuticaudatum; Cyathostominae: CAT – Cyathostomum catinatum; PAT – C. pateratum;
COR – Coronocyclus coronatus; LBR – C. labratus; LAB – C. labiatus; NAS – Cylicocyclus nassatus;
ASH – C. ashworthi; LEP – C. leptostomus; INS – C. insigne; ELO – C. elongatus; BRE – C. brevicap-
sulatus; RAD – C. radiatus; ULT – C. ultrajectinus; LON – Cylicostephanus longibursatus; GOL – C. goldi;
CAL – C. calicatus; MIN – C. minutus; HYB – C. hybridus; BID – C. bidentatus; ASY – C. asymetricus;
IMP – Poteriostomum imparidentatum; POC – Petrovinema poculatum; MET – Parapoteriostomum mettami;
BIC – Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus; CAP – Gyalocephalus capitatus.
Ðèñ. 2. Ýêñòåíñèâíîñòü èíâàçèè (%) è äîëÿ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ ñòðîíãèëèä â ñîîáùåñòâå.
Prevalence,%
20,00
12,78
6,67
5,56
4,44
3,89
0,56
1,67
98,33
97,78
93,89
81,67
80,00
75,56
75,56
75,00
58,33
57,22
42,78
35,56
31,67
16,11
11,1
10,56
10,0
8,9
7,22
7,2
4,4
3,3
1,67
0,56
0,56
0,56
020406080100
SVU
TSE
SED
TNI
TBR
SEQ
TTE
CRA
CAT
NAS
LON
GOL
ASH
LEP
CAL
COR
MIN
PAT
INS
LBR
LAB
ELO
IMP
HYB
POC
MET
BRE
BIC
RAD
BID
ACU
ASY
ULT
CAP
Proportion in community, %
0,10
0,06
0,03
0,02
0,04
0,02
0,01
0,01
21,96
39,66
12,73
2,07
4,26
5,41
4,66
2,25
1,78
1,87
0,79
0,56
0,90
0,12
0,09
0,11
0,14
0,06
0,05
0,05
0,03
0,16
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,01
0 10 20 30 40 50
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Cyathostomes were dominant in the strongylid community; they were observed in
100 % of the horses examined and constituted 99.73 % of the strongylid number.
Strongylines were found in 32.2 % of horses and constituted 0.27 % of the strongylids.
Seven cyathostome species (Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cyathostomum catinatum,
Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus goldi, Cylicocyclus ashworthi,
Cylicostephanus calicatus and Cylicocyclus leptostomus) were dominant in the strongylid
community; they were found in more than 75 % of the horses examined and constitu -
ted 90.75% of the total strongylid number.
According to prevalence values, all strongylid species (33) were ranged in 10 preva-
lence classes (0—10 %, ... 91—100 %). The number of taxa corresponding to each preva-
lence class was determined (fig. 3). The shape of the prevalence frequency distribution
of the strongylid species appeared to be multimodal with dominant background and rare
species.
Regional peculiarities of strongylid communities in domestic horses from separate
regions of Ukraine
For the analysis of regional peculiarities of horse strongylid communities, we divi -
ded horses into five groups according to the regions: northern (Kyivska and Sumska
oblasts), southern (Khersonska oblast and Crimea), western (Ternopilska and
Zakarpatska oblasts), eastern (Kharkivska and Donetska oblasts) and central
(Kyrovogradska and Poltavska oblasts).
The richest biodiversity of strongylid community was registered in horses from the
southern region of Ukraine. Twenty-nine strongylid species from 12 genera were found
there: 22 species of Cyathostominae and seven of Strongylinae. From 5 to 23 species
(13.9 ± 4.1 SD) parasitized each horse. The shape of the prevalence frequency distri-
bution of the strongylid species appeared to be multimodal.
Twenty-eight strongylid species from 11 genera were found in horses from the
northern region: 22 species of Cyathostominae and 6 of Strongylinae. From 6 to
20 species (11.54 ± 3.9 SD) parasitized each horse. The shape of the prevalence fre-
quency distribution of the strongylid species was also multimodal.
e-10 T. A. Kuzmina
Fig. 3. Prevalence frequency distribution of 33 strongylid species found in domestic horses of Ukraine.
Ðèñ. 3. ×àñòîòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ 33 âèäîâ ñòðîíãèëèä, îáíàðóæåííûõ ó äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé Óêðàèíû
ïî êëàññàì ýêñòåíñèâíîñòè èíâàçèè.
14
5
0
2
1
2
0
4
2
3
0
3
6
9
12
15
0–10 11–20 21–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 71–80 81–90 91–100
Prevalence classes, %
N
u
m
be
r
of
h
or
se
s
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Twenty-one strongylid species from 11 genera were found in horses from the west-
ern region: 19 species of Cyathostominae and two of Strongylinae. From 5 to 16 species
(9.39 ± 2.9 SD) parasitized each horse. The shape of the prevalence frequency distri-
bution of the strongylid species was multimodal.
Twenty-three strongylid species from 11 genera were found in horses from the cen-
tral region: 19 species of Cyathostominae and 4 of Strongylinae. From 5 to 16 species
(9.29 ± 2.5 SD) parasitized each horse. The shape of the prevalence frequency distri-
bution of the strongylid species was bimodal – background species (with prevalence
from 31 % to 60 %) were absent in the strongylid community.
The biodiversity of strongylid community in horses from the eastern region of
Ukraine was the lowest: only 15 strongylid species from six genera were found there –
13 species of Cyathostominae and three of Strongylinae. From 5 to 10 species
(6.85 ± 1.4 SD) parasitized each horse. The shape of the prevalence frequency distri-
bution of the strongylid species was multimodal; however, the group of subdominant
species was absent in the community.
Bray-Curtis cluster analysis revealed similarity of strongylid communities in hors-
es from the northern and central regions of Ukraine; strongylid community of horses
from the eastern region differed sharply from those of the other regions (fig. 4).
On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences found in
species composition of strongylid communities in horses from five regions of Ukraine
(U = 431.5—511; z = 0.82—1.17; p > 0.05).
Comparison of strongylid communities of horses in Ukraine and other countries
A total of 44 strongylid species were registered in domestic horses worldwide; all
having cosmopolitan distribution. The number of strongylids found in domestic horses
from various countries varied from 20 to 35 species (table 1).
Comparison of our data on biodiversity of the strongylid community in domestic
horses in Ukraine with those in other countries (table 1) did not reveal apparent geo-
graphical variability in the strongylid communities.
e-11Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity...
Fig. 4. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis of similarity of strongylid communities in domestic horses from various
regions of Ukraine.
Ðèñ. 4. Êëàñòåðíûé àíàëèç ñõîäñòâà ñîîáùåñòâ ñòðîíãèëèä äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé èç ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíîâ
Óêðàèíû ïî Bray-Curtis.
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Bray-Curtis cluster analysis revealed similarity of strongylid communities in hors-
es from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland (fig. 5). Horses from South Africa had
the most specific strongylid community.
Discussion
In the present work, we present the results of complex analysis of the strongylid
community data obtained in our parasitological studies in 10 regions of Ukraine
between 2003–2009. Even though the helminthological material was collected over
e-12 T. A. Kuzmina
Ta b l e 1. Analysis of the similarity of strongylid communities in domestic horses from Ukraine and other coun-
tries
Ò à á ëèö à 1. Àíàëèç ñõîäñòâà ñîîáùåñòâ ñòðîíãèëèä äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé Óêðàèíû è äðóãèõ ñòðàí
Country, region
Number of
species
% of total-
number
Chekanovsky-
Sørensen
Index (IC-S)
Mann-Whitney test (U)
U p
Ukraine, present study 33 75.0 – – –
Ukraine (Dvojnos, Kharchenko, 1994) 34 77.3 0.90 986 0.81
Poland (Gawor, 1995) 30 68.2 0.92 902 0.48
Czech Republic (Baruš, 1962) 35 79.5 0.94 924 0.62
France (Collobert-Laugier et al 2002) 22 50.0 0.73 770 0.046
UK (Ogbourne, 1976; Ogbourne, Duncan,
1985)
24 54.5 0.77 771 0.043
USA, Ohio (Reinemeyer, et al., 1984) 27 61.4 0.80 836 0.17
USA, Kentucky (Lyons et al., 1996; Tolliver,
2000)
28 63.6 0.82 858 0.25
USA, Louisiana (Chapman et al., 2002) 32 72.7 0.86 946 0.80
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Anjos, Rodrigues,
2003)
28 63.6 0.85 828 0.24
South Africa (Krecek et al., 1989) 20 45.5 0.68 682 0.004
Australia, Queensland (Mfitilodze, Hutchinson,
1990)
35 79.5 0.85 946 0.71
Australia, Victoria (Bucknell et al., 1995) 31 70.5 0.87 922 0.63
Fig. 5. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis of similarity of strongylid communities in Ukrainian domestic horses and
horses from other countries.
Ðèñ. 5. Êëàñòåðíûé àíàëèç ñõîäñòâà ñîîáùåñòâ ñòðîíãèëèä äîìàøíèõ ëîøàäåé Óêðàèíû è äðóãèõ
ñòðàí ïî Bray-Curtis.
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seven years, all studies were performed with the same diagnostic deworming method
(Kuzmina et al., 2004); this allowed the data comparison.
Thirty-three strongylid species from 12 genera were found in domestic horses in
the present study. Previous researchers, who investigated species composition of
strongylids in domestic horses in Ukraine in 1960—1970 of the 20th century (Ivashkin,
Dvojnos, 1984; Dvojnos, Kharchenko, 1994) registered 34 species of strongylids. We
did not find three rare species: Oesophagodontus robustus (Giles, 1892) Railliet and
Henry, 1902 (subfamily Strongylinae), Poteriostomum ratzii (Kotlan, 1919) Yorke and
Macfie, 1920, and Parapoteriostomum euproctus (Boulenger, 1917) Hartwich, 1986
(subfamily Cyathostominae). In our opinion, absence of these species in the present
results is explained by reduction of biodiversity of the strongylid communities caused
by regular deworming of domestic horses with macrocyclic lactone drugs (ivermectin,
aversectin, moxidectin) during recent decades.
Our present results demonstrate that cyathostomes are predominant in strongylid
communities in domestic horses from different regions of Ukraine; cyathostomes com-
prise 99.73 % of the total strongylid number. Our data correspond to the data of other
researchers that found cyathostomes the most prevalent and important group of equine
parasites (Herd, 1990; Love et al., 1999; Osterman Lind et al., 1999; Lyons et al., 1999;
Konigova et al., 2001; Collobert-Laugier et al., 2002; Kaplan, 2002; Corning, 2009). A
decrease in the proportion of large strongyles among the horse strongylids in Ukraine
during the past 40 years was registered previously (Kuzmina et al., 2005) and, in our
opinion, it also was the result of a widespread application of highly effective modern
anthelmintics.
The shape of the prevalence frequency distribution of the strongylids in domestic
horses was mainly multimodal, with dominant, subdominant, background, and rare
species. All horses examined were kept on horse farms with different systems of
anthelmintic deworming programs (from rare treatment – not more than once a year,
or frequent treatments – 3—4 times per year). Previous studies on the influence of
anthelmintic treatments on horse strongylid community structure proved that bimodal
structure of community (“core-satellite” mode) was the result of frequent deworming
in domestic equids (Bucknell et al., 1996; Osterman Lind et al., 2003; Kuzmina et al.,
2005; Kuzmina, Kharchenko, 2008; Kuzmina, Kuzmin, 2008). Rare species with low
prevalence and intensity are quickly eliminated from the community, and the back-
ground and some of the subdominant species take their place. Dominant cyathostome
species, that presumably have high genetic diversity necessary to survive the strong
selection pressure of anthelmintic treatments, continue their dominance in the
strongylid community (Kuzmina, Kharchenko, 2008).
Analysis of regional peculiarities of strongylid biodiversity revealed a decrease in
species richness of the strongylid community in domestic horses from eastern regions
of Ukraine. In our opinion, this decrease can be caused by a more continental clima -
tic condition in the eastern Ukraine (comparatively dryer summer and colder, frosty
winter) as well as by a difference in horse-keeping conditions. Nowadays, small private
horse farms with small grazing facilities predominate in the eastern Ukraine compared
with others regions. Horses usually are kept under stable or stable-paddock conditions
on these farms and are dewormed frequently (more than 3—4 times per year). In our
opinion, increasing strongylid biodiversity in the southern regions of Ukraine is con-
nected to favourable climatic conditions (warm winters) that allowed strongylid free-
living larvae to survive on pasture for a long time and successfully infect grazing hor ses
from the first days of pasture season.
However, statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences in species com-
position of strongylid communities in domestic horses from separate regions of Ukraine
(p > 0.05). In our opinion, this is because there is a general similarity in the natural
e-13Analysis of Regional Peculiarities of Strongylid (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Biodiversity...
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and climatic conditions in the moderate zone of Ukraine. Similarity of strongylid com-
munities in horses from Ukraine, Czech Republic, and Poland confirm this assump-
tion.
Strongylid communities in Ukrainian horses significantly differ from those of hor -
ses from north-western Europe (France and the UK) and South Africa. No significant
differences in strongylid communities were found between horses from moderate cli-
matic zones of North and South America and Australia. In our opinion, this similarity
in strongylid communities is connected both to similar climatic conditions and to tra-
ditional systems of horse management in those countries.
The results obtained in the present study affirm the similarity of species composi-
tion of horses, strongylid communities in different regions of Ukraine. Similarity of
strongylid communities in domestic horses from various countries of the world indicates
that, despite differences in nature and climatic zones in various countries and conti-
nents, the systems of horse management are the main factor that influences the biodi-
versity of strongylid communities. Therefore, investigation of biodiversity of parasites in
wild and domestic horses from regions with pasture free-roaming horse keeping systems
(Central and Southeast Asia or Africa) or from high-mounting areas of Central and
Lesser Asia are of special interest for the equine parasitologists.
The author thanks Dr. Iurii (Yuriy) Kuzmin, PhD, from the I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology
NAS of Ukraine for his remarks and comments on the text. The author also thanks Sharon Tolliver, MS,
and Eugene T. Lyons, PhD, from the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Maxwell
Gluck Equine Research Center, for their valuable help in the manuscript revision.
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/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000ColorImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasGrayImages false
/CropGrayImages true
/GrayImageMinResolution 150
/GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleGrayImages true
/GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/GrayImageResolution 150
/GrayImageDepth -1
/GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2
/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 2.00000
/EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/GrayACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.76
/HSamples [2 1 1 2] /VSamples [2 1 1 2]
>>
/GrayImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000GrayImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasMonoImages false
/CropMonoImages true
/MonoImageMinResolution 1200
/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleMonoImages true
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/MonoImageResolution 600
/MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeMonoImages true
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageDict <<
/K -1
>>
/AllowPSXObjects false
/CheckCompliance [
/None
]
/PDFX1aCheck false
/PDFX3Check false
/PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false
/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfile (None)
/PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()
/PDFXOutputCondition ()
/PDFXRegistryName (http://www.color.org?)
/PDFXTrapped /False
/SyntheticBoldness 1.000000
/Description <<
/ENU (Versita Adobe Distiller Settings for Adobe Acrobat v6)
/POL (Versita Adobe Distiller Settings for Adobe Acrobat v6)
>>
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [2834.646 2834.646]
>> setpagedevice
|