Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade
The article discusses the concept of inventory, role in a company's activities. The authors made a comparative analysis of existing mate-automatic methods, followed by the formation of the table. The scheme of classification of mathematical models for the management of inventory. У статті розгл...
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| Zitieren: | Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade / H.Y. Ivchenkova, A.O. Lyakh // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2015. — № 4 (42). — С. 122-124. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Ivchenkova, H.Y. Lyakh, A.O. 2016-11-24T17:36:20Z 2016-11-24T17:36:20Z 2015 Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade / H.Y. Ivchenkova, A.O. Lyakh // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2015. — № 4 (42). — С. 122-124. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109329 658.783+339.144+519.86 The article discusses the concept of inventory, role in a company's activities. The authors made a comparative analysis of existing mate-automatic methods, followed by the formation of the table. The scheme of classification of mathematical models for the management of inventory. У статті розглянуто поняття товарних запасів, роль у підприємницької діяльності. Автори зробили порівняльний аналіз існуючих математичних методів з наступним формуванням таблиці. Складена схема класифікації математичних моделей з управління товарних запасів. В статье рассмотрены понятие товарных запасов, роль в предпринимательской деятельности. Авторы сделали сравнительный анализ существующих математических методов с последующим формированием таблицы. Составлена схема классификации математических моделей по управлению товарных запасов. en Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України Економічний вісник Донбасу Marketing Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade Аналіз математичних методів і моделей, які використовуються в процесі управління товарними запасами в роздрібній торгівлі Анализ математических методов и моделей, которые применяются для процесса управления товарными запасами в розничной торговле Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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| title |
Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade |
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Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade Ivchenkova, H.Y. Lyakh, A.O. Marketing |
| title_short |
Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade |
| title_full |
Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade |
| title_fullStr |
Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade |
| title_sort |
analysis of mathematical methods and models which are used for the process of management of commodity stocks in retail trade |
| author |
Ivchenkova, H.Y. Lyakh, A.O. |
| author_facet |
Ivchenkova, H.Y. Lyakh, A.O. |
| topic |
Marketing |
| topic_facet |
Marketing |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Економічний вісник Донбасу |
| publisher |
Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Аналіз математичних методів і моделей, які використовуються в процесі управління товарними запасами в роздрібній торгівлі Анализ математических методов и моделей, которые применяются для процесса управления товарными запасами в розничной торговле |
| description |
The article discusses the concept of inventory, role in a company's activities. The authors made a comparative analysis of existing mate-automatic methods, followed by the formation of the table. The scheme of classification of mathematical models for the management of inventory.
У статті розглянуто поняття товарних запасів, роль у підприємницької діяльності. Автори зробили порівняльний аналіз існуючих математичних методів з наступним формуванням таблиці. Складена схема класифікації математичних моделей з управління товарних запасів.
В статье рассмотрены понятие товарных запасов, роль в предпринимательской деятельности. Авторы сделали сравнительный анализ существующих математических методов с последующим формированием таблицы. Составлена схема классификации математических моделей по управлению товарных запасов.
|
| issn |
1817-3772 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109329 |
| citation_txt |
Analysis of Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks in Retail Trade / H.Y. Ivchenkova, A.O. Lyakh // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2015. — № 4 (42). — С. 122-124. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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| fulltext |
H. Y. Ivchenkova, A. O. Lyakh
122
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(42), 2015
UDC 658.783+339.144+519.86
H. Y. Ivchenkova,
PhD (Economics),
A. O. Lyakh,
Donbass State Engineering Academy, Kramatorsk
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS AND MODELS WHICH ARE USED FOR
THE PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT OF COMMODITY STOCKS IN RETAIL TRADE
Statement of the problem. The urgency is deter-
mined by the necessity of the increase of the efficiency
of management of commodity stocks and also the in-
crease of competitiveness – the most important condi-
tion of scientific and technical reformation of the eco-
nomic states in the world. Market system of economic
relations generates new queries and promotes the inter-
est to potential possibilities of scientific researches in
the field of wholesale and retail trade. It is one of the
spheres with which masses of population contact every
day.
The urgency of this research consists in the expan-
sion of application of mathematical and instrumental
methods and models of the economy through their mod-
ification and distribution on a wider range of real eco-
nomic situations with the aim of overcoming the exist-
ent limitations on a number of parameters.
Analysis of basic researches and publications.
The problems in relation to forming of commodity were
worked out by Z.V. Alfereva, E. М. Anisimova, B. A.
Balash, О. S. Balash, О. Е. Bashina, U. A. Belyayev, D.
Bukan, V. О. Dick, V. О. Dybska, M.E. Zal-manova, S.
М. Kolesnikov, V.L.Lenshin, М. R. Linders, A.L.. Mar-
golin, Е. A. Міkhailov, U. М. Nerush, V. О. Niko-
laichuk, A. R. Radionov, Y.A. Rechkalov, R.V.
Savinov, A.A. Spirin, L.A. Fedorov, R.P. Fomin, Zh. P.
Shilova. Their works serve as the foundation for further
researches in the area of perfection and modification of
mathematical and instrumental methods and economic
models.
Unsolved constituents of a general issue. How-
ever the question of management of commodity stocks
remained investigational not enough, as the existent
methods allow not estimating it comprehensively.
Formulation of the aim of the article. The aim of
the article consists in consideration and analysis of the
existent mathematical methods and models which are
used for the process of the management of commodity
stocks in a retail business.
Stating of basic material of the research. Com-
modity stocks (CS) are products which are in the sphere
of distribution chain (in the warehouses of productive
enterprises, trade and sale organizations and retail trade
network and in transit) and are intended for realization.
CS is the necessary condition of continuity of the
productive process. CS appears at all stages of the
motion of commodities in the warehouses of productive
enterprises, in transit, in the warehouses of wholesale
and retail trade organizations and enterprises.
For managing commodity stocks the following
methods are used:
1. Periodic method (the regulating system with the
fixed periodicity of order). One of the most popular
methods [1].
The essence of this method consists already in its
name – it is the system with the fixed periodicity of or-
der or the system of checking of supplies with periodic
verification. Graphic interpretation of this method is
presented on figure 1:
Fig. 1. The change of the level of stock
at the periodic method of regulation
Field of application of this system:
1) not very valuable objects;
2) low expenses on storage;
3) insignificant expenses even if stocks are fin-
ished;
4) relatively permanent level of inquiry;
5) small expenses on materials and their propor-
tional expense;
6) not high transport-purveying expenses.
Simplicity (regulating only one time during the
whole interval - it is not needed to conduct regular ac-
count of supplies) is the advantage of this method.
The defects of this method are the danger of ex-
hausting of stocks at their intensive unforeseen con-
sumption. The second defect is the necessity to do an
order even on the negligible quantity of materials (it re-
sults in additional expenses).
2. Relaxation method (the system of regulating
stocks with the fixed quantity of order). It is also one of
the most popular methods [1].
The essence of the relaxation method consists in
permanent (daily) control after the level of supply and
its short-term prognostication. The system of regulating
H. Y. Ivchenkova, A. O. Lyakh
123
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(42), 2015
of stocks with the fixed quantity of order also has a num-
ber of different modifications. Graphic interpretation of
this method is presented on figure 2:
Fig. 2. The change of the level of stock
at the relaxation method of regulating
Fields of application :
1) high cost of materials;
2) high expenses of storage;
3) high level of the losses in case of deficit;
The advantage of this system is that the materials
come with identical batches which decreases the ex-
penses from delivery and the content of supply.
The defects consist in the fact that it is necessary to
take systematic continuous control of stocks which in-
creases expenses related to its regulation.
3. The two-level system of regulating of stocks (the
system of maximum-minimum) [3]. It is characterized
by the fact that the possible level of stocks is regulated
both from upper and from lower: except a maximal (up-
per) level to which the supply of stock is fulfilled, the
lower level is set – the point of order. If the quantity of
stock is decreased to this lower level (critical level) be-
fore the completion of the set period of order, then out
of turn order is done. Graphic interpretation of this
method is presented on figure 3.
Fig. 3. The change of the level of stock
at the two-level system
Field of application :
1) in situations, where it is necessary to take into
account the delay of delivery;
2) oriented to the situation, when expenses on the
warehouse and stocks are compared, id est they are con-
siderably lower than possible expenses in case of stop-
ping of the production.
The advantages are the exception of the possibility
of shortage of the materials defects to the term of the
next delivery; however in this system filling of stocks
can be conducted regardless of actual expense of stocks.
The second advantage of this method is providing of the
support of the system in the non-deficit state.
The main defect is the necessity of conducting the
permanent watching of the level of stocks.
Let’s consider the existent models which are used
for management of commodity stocks:
If the investigated quantity in the model can be pre-
sented as an analytical formula or a system of formulas,
then the determined models are used. The determined
models are classified on static and dynamic.
One of the elementary models, from the point of
view of mathematics, are static models. It is foreseen
that at formulation of static economical-mathematical
model, all dependences are set to one moment of time,
and the designing system is unchanged in time [5].
Therefore for the economical-mathematical mod-
eling there is a typical situation, when static models are
developed at first and then they become complicated by
introduction of the factor of time, id est are transformed
into dynamic.
Static characteristics can be presented:
• by the mathematical model of the type of
Y = F (X);
• by the graphic model.
The examples of static model for management of
commodity stocks are one food static model. One food
static model assumes a deficit and also a number of
products with limits of the capacity of storage facilities
[5].
Dynamic models (models of dynamics) are the pro-
cess of changes of the states of real or designed system.
They show the differences between the states, the se-
quence of changes of the states and the development of
events in the course of time.
Mathematical description of dynamic models is
conducted as a rule:
• by the systems of differential equations (where
time comes forward as a continuous variable);
• by difference equations (where time is a dis-
crete quantity);
• by the systems of ordinary algebraic equations.
The examples of a dynamic model for management
of commodity stocks are a model for the absence of ex-
penses on the processing order and a model with ex-
penses on the processing order.
The above mentioned models are applied in the
condition of definiteness, but the necessary information
is not always described by an analytical formula or sys-
H. Y. Ivchenkova, A. O. Lyakh
124
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4(42), 2015
tem of formulas. If there is no one a probabilistic model
is used.
A probabilistic model (stochastic model) is such an
economical-mathematical model where parameters,
conditions of functioning and characteristic of the state
are presented by casual quantities and are connected by
stochastic (id est casual, irregular) dependences or ini-
tial information is also presented by casual quantities
[6].
While working out a stochastic model, methods of
cross-correlation and regressive analyses and other sta-
tistical methods are used [4].
The examples of stochastic models on managing
trade stocks is a model with fixed volume of order and
a conception of the level of service, a model with fixed
periodicity and a conception of the level of service [7].
Conclusions of this research and prospects of
the further research in this direction. Analysis of the
existent mathematical methods and models has been
done. The table of descriptions of methods which are
used for management of commodity stocks has been
made up. Advantages and defects have been considered,
certain field of application has been defined.
The model of management of stocks is classified
by the character of the demand which can be determined
or probabilistic. The types of models of management of
stocks depend on the character of the demand as shown
on figure 4:
Increase of the mathematical complexity of models
Fig. 4. Types of models of management of stocks depending on the character of the demand
The determined demand depending on the factor of
time is divided into static (does not depend on time) and
dynamic. Probabilistic demand can be stationary, id est
the consistence of probability of the demand does not
change in time and is non-stationary when the function
of consistence of the distribution of the probability of
the demand changes in the course of time.
References
1. Аникин Б.А. Логистика: учебное пособие /
Б.А. Аникин. – М., 1997. – 325 с. 2. Крамер Н.Ш.
Исследование операций в экономике / Н.Ш. Кра-
мер. – М., 1997. 3. Моисеева Н.К. Экономические
основы логістики / Н.К. Моисеева. – М: ИНФРА-М,
2008. 4. Плоткин Б.К. Управление материальными
ресурсами / Б.К. Плоткин. – Л., 1991. – 80 с. 5. Тек-
тов Д.А. Динамические и статистические модели
управления запасами в розничной торговле : диссер-
тация кандидата экономических наук : 08.00.13 /
Д.А. Тектов. – СПб., 2003. – 159 с. 6. Фасоляк Н.Д.
Управление производственными запасами / Н.Д.
Фасоляк. – М.: Экономика, 1972. – 271 с.
7. www.statsoft.ru – электронный ученик.
Івченкова О. Ю., Лях А. О. Аналіз матема-
тичних методів і моделей, які використовуються
в процесі управління товарними запасами в
роздрібній торгівлі
У статті розглянуто поняття товарних запасів,
роль у підприємницької діяльності. Автори зробили
порівняльний аналіз існуючих математичних мето-
дів з наступним формуванням таблиці. Складена
схема класифікації математичних моделей з управ-
ління товарних запасів.
Ключові слова: товарні запаси, управління това-
рними запасами, рівні ньому запасу, періодичний
метод, релаксаційний метод, дворівнева система ре-
гулювання запасів.
Ивченкова Е. Ю., Лях А. А. Анализ матема-
тических методов и моделей, которые применя-
ются для процесса управления товарными запа-
сами в розничной торговле
В статье рассмотрены понятие товарных запа-
сов, роль в предпринимательской деятельности. Ав-
торы сделали сравнительный анализ существующих
математических методов с последующим формиро-
ванием таблицы. Составлена схема классификации
математических моделей по управлению товарных
запасов.
Ключевые слова: товарные запасы, управление
товарными запасами, уровнем запаса, периодиче-
ский метод, релаксационный метод, двухуровневая
система регулирования запасов.
Ivchenkova H. Y., Lyakh A. O. Analysis of
Mathematical Methods and Models which are Used
for the Process of Management of Commodity Stocks
in Retail Trade
The article discusses the concept of inventory, role
in a company's activities. The authors made a
comparative analysis of existing mate-automatic
methods, followed by the formation of the table. The
scheme of classification of mathematical models for the
management of inventory.
Keywords: inventories, inventory management,
level of inventory, a periodic method, relaxation
method, two-level system of regulation of stocks.
Received by the editors: 04.12.2015
and final form 28.12.2015
Demand
determined probabilistic
static dynamic stationary non-stationary
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