Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa
During the year 1999-2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy vegetation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length of transects — 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were recorded. Overall...
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| Zitieren: | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa / G. Kopij // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 245-250. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa / G. Kopij // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 245-250. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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| description | During the year 1999-2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy vegetation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length of transects — 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were recorded. Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis and Cisticola fulvicapilla. Together they comprised 41.4?% of all breeding pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9?%). Granivores were the most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0?% of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species; 32.3?%) and frugivores (11 species; 17.4?%). The most numerous nesting guild were shrub/tree nesting birds (47.2?%). Proportions for some congereric species were calculated. The bushy vegetation is characterized by high species diversity and relatively high population densities of some species.
В течение 1999-2001 птичьи сообщества, связанные со скалами и кустарниковой растительностью формации Клеренса, были посчитаны с помощью метода линий трансект (общая длина трансект — 107 км) в низменности Лесото. Всего было отмечено 80 видов, обитающих в этом ареале. В целом шесть видов было классифицировано как доминирующие: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis и Cisticola fulvicapilla. Вместе они составляют 41,4?% от всех гнездящихся пар. Десять других видов были классифицированы как субдоминантные (33,9?%). Растительноядные виды явились наиболее многочисленной группой птиц (31 видов, 48,0?% всех пар), за ними следовали насекомоядные (27 видов, 32,3?%) и хищные (11 видов, 17,4?%). Самой многочисленной гнездящейся группой были птицы, гнездящиеся в кустарнике и на деревьях (47,2?%). Были просчитаны пропорции для некоторых видов, принадлежащих к одному роду. Кустарниковая растительность характеризуется большим видовым разнообразием и относительно высокой плотностью населения некоторых видов.
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UDC 598.2:574.2(6—13)
AVIAN DIVERSITY ON THE SANDSTONE CLIFF OUTSKIRTS
OF THE MALOTI/DRAKENSBERG ‘HOT-SPOT’ AREA
IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
G. Kopij
Department of Wildlife Management, University of Namibia,
Katima Mulilo Campus, Private Bag 1096, Wenela Rd., Katima Mulilo, Namibia
E-mail: gkopij@unam.na
Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern
Africa. Kopij G. – During the year 1999—2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy veg-
etation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length
of transects – 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were record-
ed. Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia sene-
galensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis and Cisticola fulvicapilla. Together they comprised 41.4 %
of all breeding pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9 %). Granivores were the
most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0 % of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species;
32.3 %) and frugivores (11 species; 17.4 %). The most numerous nesting guild were shrub/tree nesting
birds (47.2 %). Proportions for some congereric species were calculated. The bushy vegetation is char-
acterized by high species diversity and relatively high population densities of some species.
Ke y wo r d s: avian assemblages, ‘hot spot’ area, Lesotho.
Ðàçíîîáðàçèå ïòèö, îáèòàþùèõ íà ñêàëàõ ïåñ÷àíèêà â «ãîðÿ÷èõ òî÷êàõ» Ìàëîòè/Äðàêåíáåðã â
Þæíîé Àôðèêå. Êîïèé Ã. –  òå÷åíèå 1999—2001 ïòè÷üè ñîîáùåñòâà, ñâÿçàííûå ñî ñêàëàìè è
êóñòàðíèêîâîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ ôîðìàöèè Êëåðåíñà, áûëè ïîñ÷èòàíû ñ ïîìîùüþ ìåòîäà
ëèíèé òðàíñåêò (îáùàÿ äëèíà òðàíñåêò – 107 êì) â íèçìåííîñòè Ëåñîòî. Âñåãî áûëî îòìå÷å-
íî 80 âèäîâ, îáèòàþùèõ â ýòîì àðåàëå. Â öåëîì øåñòü âèäîâ áûëî êëàññèôèöèðîâàíî êàê
äîìèíèðóþùèå: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi,
Emberiza capensis è Cisticola fulvicapilla. Âìåñòå îíè ñîñòàâëÿþò 41,4 % îò âñåõ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð.
Äåñÿòü äðóãèõ âèäîâ áûëè êëàññèôèöèðîâàíû êàê ñóáäîìèíàíòíûå (33,9 %). Ðàñòèòåëüíîÿäíûå
âèäû ÿâèëèñü íàèáîëåå ìíîãî÷èñëåííîé ãðóïïîé ïòèö (31 âèäîâ, 48,0 % âñåõ ïàð), çà íèìè ñëå-
äîâàëè íàñåêîìîÿäíûå (27 âèäîâ, 32,3 %) è õèùíûå (11 âèäîâ, 17,4 %). Ñàìîé ìíîãî÷èñëåí-
íîé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ãðóïïîé áûëè ïòèöû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â êóñòàðíèêå è íà äåðåâüÿõ (47,2 %). Áûëè
ïðîñ÷èòàíû ïðîïîðöèè äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ, ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ ê îäíîìó ðîäó. Êóñòàðíèêîâàÿ
ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ áîëüøèì âèäîâûì ðàçíîîáðàçèåì è îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêîé
ïëîòíîñòüþ íàñåëåíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñ ëîâ à: ñêîïëåíèÿ ïòèö, îáëàñòü «ãîðÿ÷åé òî÷êè», Ëåñîòî.
Introduction
The Eastern Mountains or Maloti/Drakensberg has been recognized as one of eight so called ‘hot-spots’
in southern Africa (Cowling, Hilton-Taylor, 1994), which are characterized by high species richness and high
level of endemicity (Ambrose et al., 2000). The ‘hot spot’ has an area of c. 40 000 km2, almost 2/3 of which
falls within Lesotho. Its outskirts constitute a prominent creamy-white sandstone cliffs of the Clarens
Formation, ranging in altitude between 1600 and 1900 m a. s. l. The cliffs are selected as nesting sites by cer-
tain bird species, while the luxuriant bushy vegetation covering slopes running along the cliffs is an optimal
habitat for numerous other species (Kopij, 2001 a, 2006 b). Both the sandstone cliffs and the bushy vegeta-
tion play an important role in the protection of numerous bird species in Lesotho lowlands (Kopij, 2001 a,
2006 b, 2010). The aim of this study was to investigate species diversity, dominance structure and relative
abundance of bird species resident in these unique habitats.
Vestnik zoologii, 47(3): e-41—e-46, 2013
DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0024
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/9/16 9:07 PM
Study area and methods
The Clarens Formation sandstone cliffs were deposited as large dunes in desert environment in the end
of the Triassic Period. At present they form almost vertical walls consisting fine-grained sandstones, sandy
siltstones and mudstones. The cliffs have numerous overhanging, fissures, shelves, holes, caves and similar
formations. In certain eroded sites some herbaceous and bushy vegetation developed.
Slopes along the Clarens Formation are covered with natural bushy vegetation dominated by the Nana
Berry Rhus dentata, Broom Karee Rhus erosa, Common Taaibos Rhus pyroides, Blue Guarri Euclea crispa,
Cape Myrtle Myrsine africana, and Dogwood Rhamnus prinoides. Other species include Buddleja salviifolia,
Cussonia paniculata, Rhus burchellii, Rhus lancea, Rhus divericata, Rhus erosa, Grewia occidentalis, Olea euro-
pea, Celtis africana, Heteromorpha trifolium (Talukdar, 1995) and some exotic shrub species, such as Nicotiane
glauca, Rosa eglanteria, Acacia dealbata, Populus canescens (Ambrose et al., 2000).
For the purpose of these studies, five areas with these habitats have been selected:
1) north of Roma, between Ha Mahalanyane and Boinyatso (Liphiring River Drainage) in Maseru
District; c. 14 km; counts conducted on 29 September 1999 (09.20—15.30): Ha Mahalanyane-Mahale-St.
Michael Mission (c. 10 km); 27 September 2001 (07.45—09.45): St. Michael Mission-Boinyatso (c. 4 km);
2) south of Roma, between Rabushabane (Liphiring River Drainage) and Ha Porane (Korokoro River
Drainage) in Maseru District; c. 23 km; 15 May 1999 (11.20—13.50): Rabushabani Valley-Sehalabeng-Ha
Koile-Ha Klwarai-Ha Maama (c. 5 km); 28 October 1999 (8.00—14.30): Ha Maama-Ha Mashaka-Ha
Mokhlema-Ha Khoarai-Ha Porane (c. 10 km); 13 July 2001 (9.55—15.00): Ha Maama Valley-Ha Lebekeng-
Mateon (c. 8 km);
3) Leribe Plateau in Hlotse District; c. 18 km; 11 April 2001 (10.00—15.40): northern cliff between
Levi’s Nek and Ha Jonatane (c. 10 km); 1 May 2001 (10.00—15.00): western cliff (c. 8 km);
4) Berea Plateau in Teyateyaneng District; c. 25 km; 1 September 2001 (9.00—16.00): Thuba-Kuba-
Ha Tlasa-Ha Ntsi-Ha Fasu (c. 10 km); 3 September 2001 (10.00—14.45): Berea surroundings (c. 8 km);
8 September 2001: Ha Sekanome-Ha Papi-Mesitisi-Ha Moseka-Berea (c. 7 km);
5) Qhomane/Tlouoe Plateaus in Maseru District; c. 27 km; 5 December 2000 (8.00—16.00): Qhomane
Plateau (c. 15 km); 27 April 2000 (9.00—15.00): Tlouoe Plateau (c. 12 km).
The line transect method in American version (Bibby et al., 1992) has been employed to assess the
species composition, dominance structure and relative abundance of all resident (breeding) bird species.
Transects were fixed on the slopes running along the sandstone cliffs. Only resident species were counted.
A pair of a resident species was a census unit. Records of single birds or families were interpreted as one pair.
The total length of transects was 107 km. The average walking speed on the slopes was about 1 km per
0.5 hour.
For each bird species, the following data were calculated: 1) N – number of potentially resident pairs
recorded; 2) %D – dominance expressed as the proportion of resident pairs of a given species to the total
number of all resident pairs of all species recorded, expressed as a percentage; 3) Ind. – index of abundance
calculated for each species as the percentage of the number of resident pairs of a given species to the num-
ber of pairs of the most numerous species.
The systematics, and English and scientific nomenclature of birds follow that of Hockey et al. (2005).
Dominant species is defined here as being represented by at least 5 % of the total number of all breeding
pairs recorded, subdominant 2—4.9 %.
Results and discussion
In total, 80 species resident in the Clarens Formation has been recorded, includ-
ing 70 species around plateau cliffs and 68 species along foothill cliffs. In the particu-
lar site the number of species varied from 38 to 57 (x = 47.8, SD = 8.17). Only
21 species were common for all five sites studied; 22 species were common for three
sites along foothills, while 35 species were common for both plateau sites.
Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Cape Canary Serinus canicollis
(Swainson 1838), Kroo Prinia Prinia maculosa (Boddaert, 1783), Laughing Dove
Streptopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766), Cinnamon-breasted Bunting Emberiza
tahapisi Smith, 1836, Cape Bunting Emberiza capensis Linnaeus, 1766, and Neddicky
Cisticola fulvicapilla (Vieillot, 1817). Together they comprised 41.4 % of all breeding
pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9 %). The group included:
Cape Robin-Chat Cossypha caffra (Linnaeus, 1771), Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea
Linnaeus, 1758, Rock Martin Hirundo fuligula Lichtenstein, 1842, Cape White-eye
Zosterops pallidus Sundevall, 1850, Red-eyed Bulbul Pycnonotus nigricans Vieillot, 1818,
Cape Turtle-Dove Streptopelia capicola Sundevall, 1857, Common Waxbill Estrilda
astrild Linnaeus, 1758, African Black Swift Apus barbatus Sclater, 1865, Bokmakierie
e-42 Grzegorz Kopij
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Telophorus zeylonus Linnaeus, 1766, Malachite Sunbird Nectarinia famosa Linnaeus,
1766, Cape Sparrow Passer capensis Mueller, 1776 and Red-winged Starling
Onychognathus morio Linnaeus, 1766. Further 27 species comprised each 0.1 % and less
(in total 2.3 %). However, the dominance structure was different in particular sites.
None species was recorded as dominant in all 5 study sites; two species: Cape Canary
and Karoo Prinia were dominants in four sites; none in 3 sites, 4 species (Laughing
Dove, Cape Bunting, Cinnamon-breasted Bunting and Cape White-eye) in 2 sites, and
8 species in one site only (table 1).
Raptors were represented by eight species, with the Rock Kestrel Falco rupicolus
Daudin, 1800 and Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus Temminck, 1825 as the most com-
mon (44.9 % and 22.4 % of all breeding pairs of raptors). Raptors comprised together
only 1.3 % of all pairs of all breeding species. Gallinaceous birds, represented by five
species (Common Quail Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus, 1758, Helmeted Guineafowl
Numida meleagris Linnaeus, 1758, Swainson’s Spurfowl Francolinus swainsonii
A. Smith, 1836, Natal Spurfowl Pternistes natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) and Grey-winged
Francolin Scleroptila africanus Stephens, 1819), comprised 1.0 %; while ciconiiform
species (Southern Bald Ibis Geronticus calvus Boddaert, 1783, Hadeda Ibis Bostrychia
hagedash Latham, 1790 and Hammerkop Scopus umbretta Gmelin, 1789) – 1.4 %.
Proportions among some congenerics were as follow:
Steptopelia species. S. senegalensis : S. capicola : S. semitorquata = 0.71 : 0.28 : 0.01
(N = 253 of all breeding pairs of all three species);
Emberiza species. E. tahapisi : E. capensis : E. flaviventris = 0.52 : 0.48 : 0.003
(N = 318);
Serinus/Crithagras species. S. canicollis : C. gularis : C. atrogularis : C. albogularis =
0.90 : 0.06 : 0.04 : 0.002 (N = 452);
Passer species: P. capensis : P. diffuses : P. domesticus = 0.47 : 0.42 : 0.11 (N =
126);
Euplectes species: E. progne : E. ardens : E. orix = 0.50 : 0.40 : 0.10 (N = 10);
Cisticola species: C. fulvicapilla : C. lais : C. tinniens = 0.81 : 0.18 : 0.01 (N = 192);
Corvus species. C. capensis : C. albus : C. albicollis = 0.46 : 0.35 : 0.19 (N = 26).
In overall, granivores were the most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0 %
of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species; 32.3 %) and frugivores (11 species;
17.4 %). Other guilds comprised together only 2.5 % (11 species). Four granivore
species, namely Cape Canary, Laughing Dove, Cinnamon-breasted Bunting and Cape
Bunting were among dominants (together 29.9 %). Two insectivores (Karoo Prinia and
Neddicky) were also in the group of dominants (together 11.5 %). Other feeding guilds
were without dominant species.
Nesting guilds were composed mainly of tree/shrub nesting birds (32 species;
47.2 %). Three other guilds, namely: ground-, rock- and short vegetation-nesting, con-
tributed equally (17.2 %, 16.7 % and 14.0 % represented by 17, 16 and 10 species
respectively). The remaining, hole-nesting guild, comprised 5.0 % (5 species).
The results of this survey show that both the sandstone cliffs and the bushy vege-
tation along these cliffs are characterized by high species diversity and relatively high
population densities of some species, which are much less numerous in other habitats
(cf. Kopij, 2006 a), e. g. Rock Pipit Anthus crenatus Finsch et Hartlaub, 1870; Karoo
Scrub-Robin Cercotricas corypoeus (Vieillot, 1817), Malachite Sunbird, Bokmakierie,
Ground Woodpecker Geocolaptes olivaceus Gmelin, 1788, Southern Bal Ibis, Helmeted
Guineafowl, serins and raptors.
The bushy vegetation constitutes also an important habitat for several species
regarded as very rare in Lesotho, i. e. Swee Waxbill Coccopygia melanotis (Temminck,
1823), Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala (Linnaeus, 1766), White-throated
Canary Crithagra albogularis A. Smith, 1833; Natal Spurfowl, Crested Barbet
e-43Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts...
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e-44 Grzegorz Kopij
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Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/9/16 9:07 PM
Trachyphonus vaillantii Ranzani, 1821 (cf. Osborne, Tigar, 1990; Bonde, 1993; Hockey
et al., 2005).
The line transect method, like each other method designed for counting birds, pro-
duces two kinds of errors: normal variation and bias. In general, the larger is the sam-
ple the more precise results are. In this study, the sample size comprising 16 transects,
with the total length of 107 km suffice for the outlined purpose. However, a few sources
of error could bias the results, for example different daily and seasonal activity and dif-
ferent weather conditions (Kopij, 2006 b). In general, species with high vocal activity
could have been overestimated, while elusive species, with low activity rate, could have
been underestimated. However, in grasslands, daily and seasonal activity of birds is
much more synchronized than in birds breeding for example in temperate forests. Most
species are resident in one place throughout the wet season, even throughout the year;
while weather conditions are also more stable (sunny and windless days prevail).
I am grateful to Prof. G. Cooper-Driver and Mr D. H. Maphisa for assisting me in the field studies.
Prof. D. Ambrose provided some valuable information on the location of some of the sites investigated in
this paper.
References
Acocks J. P. H. Veld types of South Africa // Mem. Bot. Sur. S. A. – 1988. – 57. – P. 1—146.
Ambrose D., Talukdar, S. Pomela E. M. Biological diversity in Lesotho: a country study. – Maseru : National
Environment Secretariat, 2000.
Bibby C. J., Burgess N. D., Hill D. A. Bird census technique. – London : Academic Press, 1992.
Bonde K. Birds of Lesotho: a guide to distribution past and present // Pietermaritzburg : University of Natal
Press, 1993.
Kopij G. Areas Proposed for Environmental Education and Biodiversity Conservation in Maseru District,
Lesotho // Environmental Education for Sustainable Development / Eds T. Mokuku, L. Bitso,
A. F. Lana. – Maseru : African Perspectives, October 2001 a. – P. 150—167.
Kopij G. Birds of Roma Valley, Lesotho. – Roma (Lesotho) : Department of Biology, National University
of Lesotho, 2001 b.
Kopij G. The Structure of Assemblages and Dietary Relationships in Birds in South African Grasslands. –
Wrocław : Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu, 2006 a.
Kopij G. Bird assemblages in natural and urbanized habitats in Morija area, Lesotho // Zeszyty Naukowe
Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu, N 548. Biologia i Hodowla Zwierząt. – 2006 b. – 54. –
P. 69—77.
Kopij G. Sandstone plateauos as brid refugia in Lesotho lowlands, southern Africa // Berkut. – 2010. – 19. –
P. 39—48.
Moyo S., O’Keefe P., Sill M. The Southern African Environment: Profiles of SADC Countries. – London :
Earthscan Publications, 1993.
Osborne P. E., Tigar B. J. The status and distribution of birds in Lesotho. – Newburry (U. K.) : Nature
Conservation Bureau, 1990.
Roberts’ Birds of Southern Africa / Eds P. A. R. Hockey, W. R. J. Dean, P. G. Ryan, S. Maree. – Cape
Town : John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, 2005.
Received 20 December 2012
Accepted 21 March 2013
e-46 Grzegorz Kopij
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|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-109749 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kopij, G. 2016-12-12T16:40:53Z 2016-12-12T16:40:53Z 2013 Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa / G. Kopij // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 3. — С. 245-250. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0024 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109749 598.2:574.2(6—13) During the year 1999-2001, avian assemblages associated with cliffs and bushy vegetation of the Clarens Formation have been quantified by means of the line transect method (total length of transects — 107 km) in Lesotho lowlands. In total, 80 species resident in these habitats were recorded. Overall, six species were classified as dominants: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis and Cisticola fulvicapilla. Together they comprised 41.4?% of all breeding pairs. Ten other species were classified as subdominants (33.9?%). Granivores were the most numerous feeding guild (31 species; 48.0?% of all pairs), followed by insectivores (27 species; 32.3?%) and frugivores (11 species; 17.4?%). The most numerous nesting guild were shrub/tree nesting birds (47.2?%). Proportions for some congereric species were calculated. The bushy vegetation is characterized by high species diversity and relatively high population densities of some species. В течение 1999-2001 птичьи сообщества, связанные со скалами и кустарниковой растительностью формации Клеренса, были посчитаны с помощью метода линий трансект (общая длина трансект — 107 км) в низменности Лесото. Всего было отмечено 80 видов, обитающих в этом ареале. В целом шесть видов было классифицировано как доминирующие: Serinus canicollis, Prinia maculosa, Streptopelia senegalensis, Emberiza tahapisi, Emberiza capensis и Cisticola fulvicapilla. Вместе они составляют 41,4?% от всех гнездящихся пар. Десять других видов были классифицированы как субдоминантные (33,9?%). Растительноядные виды явились наиболее многочисленной группой птиц (31 видов, 48,0?% всех пар), за ними следовали насекомоядные (27 видов, 32,3?%) и хищные (11 видов, 17,4?%). Самой многочисленной гнездящейся группой были птицы, гнездящиеся в кустарнике и на деревьях (47,2?%). Были просчитаны пропорции для некоторых видов, принадлежащих к одному роду. Кустарниковая растительность характеризуется большим видовым разнообразием и относительно высокой плотностью населения некоторых видов. I am grateful to Prof. G. Cooper-Driver and Mr D. H. Maphisa for assisting me in the field studies. Prof. D. Ambrose provided some valuable information on the location of some of the sites investigated in this paper. en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Экология Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa Разнообразие птиц, обитающих на скалах песчаника в «горячих точках» Моулти/Дракенберг в Южной Африке Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa Kopij, G. Экология |
| title | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa |
| title_alt | Разнообразие птиц, обитающих на скалах песчаника в «горячих точках» Моулти/Дракенберг в Южной Африке |
| title_full | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa |
| title_fullStr | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa |
| title_short | Avian Diversity on the Sandstone Cliff Outskirts of the Maloti/Drakensberg ‘Hot-spot’ Area in Southern Africa |
| title_sort | avian diversity on the sandstone cliff outskirts of the maloti/drakensberg ‘hot-spot’ area in southern africa |
| topic | Экология |
| topic_facet | Экология |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109749 |
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