Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae
Приведены результаты исследований изменения структуры и функций органов моллюсков под влиянием личинок трематоды Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913). На фоне обширного некротического распада гепатопанкреатической железы наблюдаются деструктивные изменения. Паразитирование партенит и церка...
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| Zitieren: | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae / U.A. Shakarbaev, A.S. Mingbaev, F.D. Akramova, E.B. Shakarboev, D.A. Azimov // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 5. — С. 457–461. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859987058366349312 |
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| author | Shakarbaev, U.A. Mingbaev, A.S. Akramova, F.D. Shakarboev, E.B. Azimov, D.A. |
| author_facet | Shakarbaev, U.A. Mingbaev, A.S. Akramova, F.D. Shakarboev, E.B. Azimov, D.A. |
| citation_txt | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae / U.A. Shakarbaev, A.S. Mingbaev, F.D. Akramova, E.B. Shakarboev, D.A. Azimov // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 5. — С. 457–461. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вестник зоологии |
| description | Приведены результаты исследований изменения структуры и функций органов моллюсков под влиянием личинок трематоды Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913). На фоне обширного некротического распада гепатопанкреатической железы наблюдаются деструктивные изменения. Паразитирование партенит и церкарий О. turkestanica в организме L. auricularia вызывает глубокие гистопатологические изменения тканей. При этом происходят нарушения белкового, углеводного и жирового метаболизма, что ослабляет организм моллюсков и приводит к потере их лабильности, столь необходимой для приспособления к изменяющимся условиям среды. Последнее подтверждается высокой гибелью инвазированных особей.
The paper presents results of the studies on alterations in the structure and functions of mollusc organs under the effect of the trematode Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) larvae. Destructive changes were observed along with a vast necrosis of the hepatopancreatic gland. Parasitism of O. turkestanica parthenitae and cercariae in L. auricularia causes deep histopathological changes in the tissues. Protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders result in the weakening of molluscs and loss of their lability, which is essential for adaptation to environmental changes. The latter is confirmed by a high mortality of infected individuals.
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UDC 567.895.122:594.3
CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
OF MOLLUSC ORGANS UNDER THE EFFECT
OF ORIENTOBILHARZIA TURKESTANICA LARVAE
U. A. Shakarbaev1, A. S. Mingbaev2, F. D. Akramova1, E. B. Shakarboev1, D. A. Azimov1
1 Institute of Plant and Animal Gene Pool, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan,
2 Tashkent Municipal Cancer Center
Institute of Plant and Animal Gene Pool,
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Durman-yul str., 32, Tashkent, 100125 Uzbekistan
E-mail: ushakarbaev@mail.ru
Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica
Larvae. Shakarbaev U. A., Mingbaev A. S., Akramova F. D., Shakarboev E. B., Azimov D. A. — The
paper presents results of the studies on alterations in the structure and functions of mollusc organs under
the effect of the trematode Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) larvae. Destructive changes
were observed along with a vast necrosis of the hepatopancreatic gland. Parasitism of O. turkestanica
parthenitae and cercariae in L. auricularia causes deep histopathological changes in the tissues. Protein,
carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders result in the weakening of molluscs and loss of their lability,
which is essential for adaptation to environmental changes. The latter is confirmed by a high mortality
of infected individuals.
Key wo rd s: trematodes, Orientobilharzia turkestanica, molluscs, Lymnaea auricularia, parthenitae,
cercariae, histological structure.
Èçìåíåíèÿ ñòðóêòóðû è ôóíêöèé îðãàíîâ ìîëëþñêîâ ïîä âëèÿíèåì ëè÷èíîê Orientobilharzia turkestanica.
Øàêàðáàåâ Ó. À., Ìèíãáàåâ À. Ñ., Àêðàìîâà Ô. Ä., Øàêàðáîåâ Ý. Á., Àçèìîâ Ä. À. — Ïðèâåäåíû
ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé èçìåíåíèÿ ñòðóêòóðû è ôóíêöèé îðãàíîâ ìîëëþñêîâ ïîä âëèÿíèåì ëè-
÷èíîê òðåìàòîäû Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913). Íà ôîíå îáøèðíîãî íåêðîòè÷åñêîãî
ðàñïàäà ãåïàòîïàíêðåàòè÷åñêîé æåëåçû íàáëþäàþòñÿ äåñòðóêòèâíûå èçìåíåíèÿ. Ïàðàçèòèðîâà-
íèå ïàðòåíèò è öåðêàðèé Î. turkestanica â îðãàíèçìå L. auricularia âûçûâàåò ãëóáîêèå ãèñòîïàòî-
ëîãè÷åñêèå èçìåíåíèÿ òêàíåé. Ïðè ýòîì ïðîèñõîäÿò íàðóøåíèÿ áåëêîâîãî, óãëåâîäíîãî è æèðî-
âîãî ìåòàáîëèçìà, ÷òî îñëàáëÿåò îðãàíèçì ìîëëþñêîâ è ïðèâîäèò ê ïîòåðå èõ ëàáèëüíîñòè, ñòîëü
íåîáõîäèìîé äëÿ ïðèñïîñîáëåíèÿ ê èçìåíÿþùèìñÿ óñëîâèÿì ñðåäû. Ïîñëåäíåå ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ
âûñîêîé ãèáåëüþ èíâàçèðîâàííûõ îñîáåé.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: òðåìàòîäû, Orientobilharzia turkestanica, ìîëëþñêè, Lymnaea auricularia, ïàð-
òåíèòû, öåðêàðèè, ãèñòîñòðóêòóðà.
Introduction
Parasitism of parthenogenetic generations of trematodes in the mollusc body leads to the collapse of
different organs and often disturbs normal metabolic activity of the host. Damaging effect of parthenitae may
be due to mechanical host-mollusc tissues destruction, nutritive absorption and poisoning of mollusc organism
by metabolites of parthenits (Ginetsinskaya, 1968).
Preferable place of the trematode parthenitae invasion, admittedly, is the liver (hepatopancreatic gland)
of molluscs. Secretory pancreatic cells are spread there. This organ is an extremely high-branched tubular
gland. The main function of the liver is the intracellular digestion of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
(Ginetsinskaya, 1968; Kruglov, 2005).
Long-term observations have shown that parthenitae of Schistosomatidae and Bilharziellidae representa-
tives parasitize exclusively the hepatopancreatic gland of molluscs (Azimov, 1975, 1986; Shakarboev, 2009;
Akramova, 2011; Akramova et al., 2007, 2010 a, b, 2011; Horak et al., 2002). However, data on changes in
the structural organization of the mollusc liver under the influence of parthenitae and cercariae of above men-
tioned trematodes are extremely fragmentary and insufficient. In this respect, response testing of the mollusc
liver contaminated by Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) parthenitae is of great interest.
Vestnik zoologii, 47(5): e-57–e-61, 2013
DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0049
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58 U. A. Shakarbaev, A. S. Mingbaev, F. D. Akramova, E. B. Shakarboev, D. A. Azimov
Material and methods
In 2009–2011, 585 specimens of L. auricularia were collected from the water basins of the north-
eastern part of Uzbekistan (Tashkent, Syrdarya, Jizzakh regions). To detect contamination of molluscs by
O. turkestanica parthenitae and cercariae our method was applied (Shakarbaev et al., 2011). In addition,
each specimen was placed in separate water glass (50–100 mL) at 25–30 °C. Under such conditions infected
molluscs were generating cercariae for 1–2 hours. Specimens of molluscs infected by O. turkestanica and
uninfected ones of the control were used for histological examination.
The material for histological study was 22 specimens of molluscs. The shells were first removed; the
hepatopancreatic glands were extracted and fixed in neutral 10% formaldehyde and 70 % ethyl alcohol. For
morphological assessment sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin according to the method of Van
Gieson and Mallory.
Results
The parthenitae and cercariae of O. turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913), the only one
species of trematodes, were found in studied molluscs. The average prevalence of
infection in examined populations of L. auricularia was 1.88 %. Extent of the invasion in
some habitats (“Tashmore”, Tashkent region, 2009) ranged from 0.5 % (15.06.2009) to
3.76 % (20.07.2009). Similar results, with insignificant variations of infestation extent,
were also observed in June–July of 2010 and 2011.
We studied molluscs of different age, ranging from juvenile yearlings to old (based
on the shell size) specimens. Infection was traced only in mature (large and medium
sized) specimens of L. auricularia from examined populations.
Microstructure analysis of the hepatopancreatic gland from the control specimens,
uninfected molluscs, demonstrated that glandular epithelium of the hepatopancreas was
formed by hepatic follicles and unaltered hepatic ducts, i. e. acinus and interacinus
connective tissue was in general preserved (fig. 1).
Parthenitae and cercariae of O. turkestanica localized just in the hepatopancreatic
gland of the studied L. auricularia molluscs. This observation indicates that hepatopancreas
is a general collecting-place of parasitizing for the investigated trematode (fig. 2). The
parthenitae, however, may be present in the gonads under intensive infection.
Microscopic survey of infected organs indicated noticeable changes of their
condition. The hepatopancreatic glands (liver) lost their flexibility, became friable in the
Fig. 1. Microstructure of hepatopancreas Lymnaea auricularia (control): 1 — acinus; 2 — interacinus wall.
(Îbjective 10, ocular 10.)
Ðèñ. 1. Ìèêðîñòðóêòóðà ãåïàòîïàíêðåàñà Lymnaea auricularia (êîíòðîëü): 1 — àöèíóñ; 2 — ìåæàöèíàð-
íàÿ ïåðåãîðîäêà. (Îáúåêòèâ 10, îêóëÿð 10.)
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59Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs…
texture and augmented because of the distending and overfill by parthenitae. On a brown
pigmentation of the liver there were clearly visible sporocysts of a milky-white colour
penetrating the liver parenchyma. The colour of hepatopancreas becomes grayish-yellow
and whitish-green in the specimens infected by parthenitae and cercariae.
Histological study of all examined sections showed that parthenitae and cercariae
mainly infected the connective tissue of the hepatopancreatic gland. The pathogenic
effect of parasites on the host organism was expressed in the mechanical disturbance of
the connective tissue and acini. The connective tissue disintegrated later. There were
also areas of cellular detritus. The lacunar interstices and blood tubules were compressed
during heavy infection. In addition, oxygen and nutrient supply to the nearest areas of
the connective tissue had been stopped.
Therefore, the consequent degradation and necrotic changes were observed in the
cellular elements of the connective tissue, fibrillar structures and in the basal substance.
Nuclei of the connective-tissue cells, in most cases, were notable for a high level of
resistance. During disintegration of the cells they remained in the interacinus interstices
unmodified for a long time. Other fibrillar structures of the connective tissue were also
exposed to destruction. Reticular fibers did not form networks, and were observed in the
interacinus interstices as fragments.
Intensive contamination of the hepatopancreas by trematode larvae provoked its
essential augmentation. Such enlargement is not a gland hypertrophy, as its size is not
related to the tissue growth, but depends on the accumulation of parasites therein.
Following an infection of the hepatopancreas the number of acini was significantly
decreased in it.
Acini are pushed aside to the organ’s periphery by the parasites concentrated in its
central part. And, generally, most of acini were subjected to degradation.
Parasites destroying the interacinus connective tissue and accumulating between the
acini pressured them. The walls of the acini, meanwhile, exhibited closer disposition,
their lumen decreased and often finally completely disappeared. Constituent cells of
Fig. 2. Microstructure of hepatopancreas Lymnaea auricularia infected by Orientobilharzia turkestanica larvae:
1 — karyolysis; 2 — karyorrhexis; 3 — pyknosis. (Îbjective 40, ocular 10.)
Ðèñ. 2. Ìèêðîñòðóêòóðà ãåïàòîïàíêðåàñà Lymnaea auricularia çàðàæåííîãî ëè÷èíêàìè Orientobilharzia
turkestanica: 1 — êàðèîëèçèñ; 2 — êàðèîðåêñèñ; 3 — ïèêíîç. (Îáúåêòèâ 40, îêóëÿð 10.)
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60 U. A. Shakarbaev, A. S. Mingbaev, F. D. Akramova, E. B. Shakarboev, D. A. Azimov
the acini walls were distorted, became shorter and flattened. In that period a rapid
autolysis happened in the liver and calciferous cells of the hepatopancreas. That was
testified by a significant increase in size and number of the vacuoles filled, apparently,
with decomposition products of the cells content that had undergone partial autolysis.
In cells of the infected hepatopancreas, changes in the disposition of liver cells nuclei
were observed. Meantime, degenerative disorders and necrosis (pycnosis, karyorhexis,
karyolysis) proceeded there.
The shape of cells altered, the cell walls distorted and became sinuous, the cell
membranes perforated in the apical part and their content poured out into the lumen
of acini.
Discussion
It is recognized that significant changes take place in histological structure of the
hepatopancreas and other organs of the molluscs under the effect of highly intensive
infection by parthenitae and cercariae of different groups of trematodes.
Along with a vast necrotic collapse of hepatopancreatic glands, serious destructive
changes in other organs of molluscs with ensuing consequences are observed (Stad-
nichenko, 1972, 1974; Stadnichenko et al., 1981, 1983). These data are also confirmed
by recent investigations on the effect of parthenitae and cercariae from the families
Schistosomatidae and Bilharziellidae on the molluscs’ organism and its metabolic activ-
ity (Morand et al., 1996; Zhang et al., 2001; Sapp, Loker, 2000; Hahn et al., 2001 a, b;
Russo, Lagadic, 2000; Horak et al., 2002).
Thus, the parasitism of parthenitae and cercariae of O. turkestanica in the body
of L. auricularia causes profound histopathological changes in the tissues. In this case,
significant disorders of metabolism (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) are present and
result in weakening of the molluscs’ body, and loss of their lability which is essential
for adaptation to the environment. The latter is confirmed by a fact of high mortality of
infected individuals under fluctuations and divergence of environmental parameters from
the optimal ones for this species.
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Received 11 January 2013
Accepted 1 October 2013
Unauthenticated
Download Date | 12/15/16 7:16 PM
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-109840 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0084-5604 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:29:02Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Shakarbaev, U.A. Mingbaev, A.S. Akramova, F.D. Shakarboev, E.B. Azimov, D.A. 2016-12-17T20:47:24Z 2016-12-17T20:47:24Z 2013 Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae / U.A. Shakarbaev, A.S. Mingbaev, F.D. Akramova, E.B. Shakarboev, D.A. Azimov // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 5. — С. 457–461. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0049 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109840 567.895.122:594.3 Приведены результаты исследований изменения структуры и функций органов моллюсков под влиянием личинок трематоды Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913). На фоне обширного некротического распада гепатопанкреатической железы наблюдаются деструктивные изменения. Паразитирование партенит и церкарий О. turkestanica в организме L. auricularia вызывает глубокие гистопатологические изменения тканей. При этом происходят нарушения белкового, углеводного и жирового метаболизма, что ослабляет организм моллюсков и приводит к потере их лабильности, столь необходимой для приспособления к изменяющимся условиям среды. Последнее подтверждается высокой гибелью инвазированных особей. The paper presents results of the studies on alterations in the structure and functions of mollusc organs under the effect of the trematode Orientobilharzia turkestanica (Skrjabin, 1913) larvae. Destructive changes were observed along with a vast necrosis of the hepatopancreatic gland. Parasitism of O. turkestanica parthenitae and cercariae in L. auricularia causes deep histopathological changes in the tissues. Protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders result in the weakening of molluscs and loss of their lability, which is essential for adaptation to environmental changes. The latter is confirmed by a high mortality of infected individuals. en Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України Вестник зоологии Краткие сообщения Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae Изменения структуры и функций органов моллюсков под влиянием личинок Orientobilharzia turkestanica Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae Shakarbaev, U.A. Mingbaev, A.S. Akramova, F.D. Shakarboev, E.B. Azimov, D.A. Краткие сообщения |
| title | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae |
| title_alt | Изменения структуры и функций органов моллюсков под влиянием личинок Orientobilharzia turkestanica |
| title_full | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae |
| title_fullStr | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae |
| title_short | Changes in the Structure and Functions of Mollusc Organs under the Effect of Orientobilharzia turkestanica Larvae |
| title_sort | changes in the structure and functions of mollusc organs under the effect of orientobilharzia turkestanica larvae |
| topic | Краткие сообщения |
| topic_facet | Краткие сообщения |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109840 |
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