Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida)
The aim of this research was to test the ability of hybridizing Hirudo orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj, 2005 and Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820. We obtained offspring from both species. The color pattern of all the hybrids was uniform and quite different from both the parents. The venter was similar...
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1099222025-02-10T00:49:23Z Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) Промежуточные морфологические признаки у гибридов Hirudo verbana и H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) Kovalenko, M.V. Utevsky, S.Yu. Краткие сообщения The aim of this research was to test the ability of hybridizing Hirudo orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj, 2005 and Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820. We obtained offspring from both species. The color pattern of all the hybrids was uniform and quite different from both the parents. The venter was similar to H. verbana. The dorsum was very similar to the color pattern of Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 that was not involved to the experiment. The coloration pattern of the hybrids, which is very similar to that of H. medicinalis suggests the hybrid origin of this species. Целью данной работы было исследовать способность медицинских пиявок Hirudo orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj, 2005 и Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 к гибридизации. В результате эксперимента мы получили потомство от обоих видов. Окраска всех гибридов была однообразна и отличалась от окраски обоих родительских видов. Окраска вентральной стороны тела сходна с H. verbana. Окраска дорсальной стороны наиболее сходна с таковой у вида Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758, который не участвовал в эксперименте. Значительное сходство окраски гибридов и H. medicinalis наводит на мысль о гибридном происхождении этого вида. The research was supported in part by the State Foundation of Fundamental Research (DFFD) grant F40/85–2011. 2013 Article Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) / M.V. Kovalenko, S.Yu. Utevsky // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 6. — С. 557–561. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. 0084-5604 DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0057 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109922 591.2:595.14 en Вестник зоологии application/pdf Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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Краткие сообщения Краткие сообщения Kovalenko, M.V. Utevsky, S.Yu. Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) Вестник зоологии |
| description |
The aim of this research was to test the ability of hybridizing Hirudo orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj, 2005 and Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820. We obtained offspring from both species. The color pattern of all the hybrids was uniform and quite different from both the parents. The venter was similar to H. verbana. The dorsum was very similar to the color pattern of Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 that was not involved to the experiment. The coloration pattern of the hybrids, which is very similar to that of H. medicinalis suggests the hybrid origin of this species. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kovalenko, M.V. Utevsky, S.Yu. |
| author_facet |
Kovalenko, M.V. Utevsky, S.Yu. |
| author_sort |
Kovalenko, M.V. |
| title |
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) |
| title_short |
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) |
| title_full |
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) |
| title_fullStr |
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) |
| title_sort |
transitional morphology in hybrids of hirudo verbana and h. orientalis (clitellata, hirudinida) |
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Інститут зоології ім. І.І. Шмальгаузена НАН України |
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2013 |
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Краткие сообщения |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/109922 |
| citation_txt |
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida) / M.V. Kovalenko, S.Yu. Utevsky // Вестник зоологии. — 2013. — Т. 47, № 6. — С. 557–561. — Бібліогр.: 14 назв. — англ. |
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Вестник зоологии |
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2025-12-02T06:41:42Z |
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2025-12-02T06:41:42Z |
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| fulltext |
UDC 591.2:595.14
TRANSITIONAL MORPHOLOGY IN HYBRIDS OF HIRUDO
VERBANA AND H. ORIENTALIS (CLITELLATA, HIRUDINIDA)
M. V. Kovalenko, S. Yu. Utevsky
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University,
pl. Svobody, 4, Kharkiv, 61077 Ukraine
E-mail: mvkov@mail.ru
Transitional Morphology in Hybrids of Hirudo verbana and H. orientalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida). Kova-
lenko M. V., Utevsky S. Yu. — The aim of this research was to test the ability of hybridizing Hirudo
orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj, 2005 and Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820. We obtained offspring from both
species. The color pattern of all the hybrids was uniform and quite different from both the parents. The
venter was similar to H. verbana. The dorsum was very similar to the color pattern of Hirudo medicinalis
Linnaeus, 1758 that was not involved to the experiment. The coloration pattern of the hybrids, which is
very similar to that of H. medicinalis suggests the hybrid origin of this species.
Key wo rd s: Hirudo, medicinal leech, hybrid, speciation.
Ïðîìåæóòî÷íûå ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðèçíàêè ó ãèáðèäîâ Hirudo verbana è H. orientalis (Clitellata,
Hirudinida). Êîâàëåíêî Ì. Â., Óòåâñêèé Ñ. Þ. — Öåëüþ äàííîé ðàáîòû áûëî èññëåäîâàòü
ñïîñîáíîñòü ìåäèöèíñêèõ ïèÿâîê Hirudo orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj, 2005 è Hirudo verbana
Carena, 1820 ê ãèáðèäèçàöèè.  ðåçóëüòàòå ýêñïåðèìåíòà ìû ïîëó÷èëè ïîòîìñòâî îò îáîèõ âèäîâ.
Îêðàñêà âñåõ ãèáðèäîâ áûëà îäíîîáðàçíà è îòëè÷àëàñü îò îêðàñêè îáîèõ ðîäèòåëüñêèõ âèäîâ.
Îêðàñêà âåíòðàëüíîé ñòîðîíû òåëà ñõîäíà ñ H. verbana. Îêðàñêà äîðñàëüíîé ñòîðîíû íàèáîëåå
ñõîäíà ñ òàêîâîé ó âèäà Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758, êîòîðûé íå ó÷àñòâîâàë â ýêñïåðèìåíòå.
Çíà÷èòåëüíîå ñõîäñòâî îêðàñêè ãèáðèäîâ è H. medicinalis íàâîäèò íà ìûñëü î ãèáðèäíîì ïðîèñ-
õîæäåíèè ýòîãî âèäà.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Hirudo, ìåäèöèíñêàÿ ïèÿâêà, ãèáðèä, âèäîîáðàçîâàíèå.
Introduction
According to the recent studies (Siddall et al., 2007; Utevsky, Trontelj, 2005; Utevsky S. et al., 2010;
Trontelj, Utevsky, 2005, 2012) the genus Hirudo includes at least four species of medicinal leeches; three of
them, Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758, H. verbana, Carena, 1820 and H. orientalis S. Utevsky et Trontelj,
2005, were considered as a single species H. medicinalis for centuries (Moquin-Tandon, 1846; Lukin, 1976).
In addition to studies of genetic differentiation, anatomy and color pattern, the qualitative and quantitative
comparison of saliva compounds (Baskova et al., 2008; Hilderbrandt, Lemke, 2011) and caryological analysis
(Utevsky et al., 2009) were carried out for these three species. The caryological study discovered the difference
in chromosome numbers of the related species of medicinal leeches. This fact suggests some obstacle in the
interspecific hybridization and yielding viable hybrids that could be caused by possible reproductive isolation.
Although the hybridization in laboratory has been already attempted (Petrauskiene et al., 2009), the previous
authors have concentrated on quantitative traits of hybrid offspring and reproductive biology. Moreover,
the earlier experiments were carried out with adult leeches, being kept isolated for only a month before the
copulation. The confidence of that the leeches have not been fertilized previously with conspecific individuals
seems not to be absolute, as medicinal leeches may be able to preserve viable sperm in their reproductive system
after copulation for many months (unpublished data).
Therefore, we carried out an interspecific crossing of medicinal leeches using only those individuals that
definitely have never copulated within the species before. For this research two species of medicinal leeches
H. verbana and H. medicinalis were applied.
Material and methods
Two species of medicinal leeches H. verbana and H. orientalis were involved into the crossbreeding exper-
iment. Individuals of the former species were reared in captivity and originate from a lake in the Kharkiv Re-
gion, Ukraine. Individuals of H. orientalis originate from a pharmacy in Kharkiv, though it is known that they
Vestnik zoologii, 47(6): e-32–e-36, 2013
DOI 10.2478/vzoo-2013-0057
Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ
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33 .M. V. Kovalenko, S. Yu. Utevsky
came from Azerbaijan. Juveniles of both species were kept separately from their siblings to prevent copulation
within each species at the early stages of the sexual maturity. For this, couples of H. verbana plus H. orientalis
were combined since hatching from the cocoons and placed into 3L jars. After five feedings at the age of nine
months, which was considered to be the age of sexual maturity, they were kept singly during a month before
breeding. After that leeches were fed with porcine blood in sausage enclosures at 37 °Ñ and placed in pairs for
another month for copulation. Then leeches were placed into containers with moist peat for laying cocoons.
Nikon Coolpix 5400 camera was applied for photographing color patterns.
Results and discussion
Six interspecific pairs (12 individuals) were used in the experiment. Only two leech-
es laid cocoons: one individual of H. verbana laid two cocoons and H. orientalis — two
cocoons. Both the maternal individuals were from different pairs. All other leeches ap-
peared fruitless. Although, one more individual had swollen clitellum that usually is a
sign of a leech being ready to lay cocoons, but it failed.
The experimental cross breeding yielded offspring from both species: eight speci-
mens hatched from the cocoons of H. orientalis female and 6 specimens from H. verbana
female. The number of hatchlings per cocoon appeared different from the number of
hatchlings for intraspecific breeding: 4–6 individuals in hybrid cocoons comparatively to
10–15 (Lukin, 1976) or 8–10 (Petrauskiene et al., 2010) in non-hybrid cocoons. How-
ever, this difference is not statistically significant due to the small data set.
Concerning other characters of the obtained hybrids, the color pattern of offspring
appeared the main and the most significant confirmation of their hybridous origin.
The venter of all the young leeches was unicolor olive greenish with only seldom
few dark dots and two dark longitudinal stripes laterally (f i g . 1, a; 4, b), which are al-
ways discernible. This coloration pattern is typical to H. verbana (f i g . 2, b) (Nesemann,
Neubert, 1999), although in this case it was a character of both 1 } H. verbana and 1 }
H. orientalis hubrid offspring. The ventral pattern typical for H. orientalis (fig. 3, b) was
absent in all hybrids.
The dorsum of H. verbana is green with a pair of diffused broad paramedian orange
Fig. 1. Coloration of hybrids from a crossing of H. orientalis × H. verbana: a — venter; b — dorsum (Dpme,
Dpmg, Dl — paramedial, paramarginal and lateral stripes).
Ðèñ. 1. Îêðàñêà ãèáðèäîâ ïðè ñêðåùèâàíèè H. orientalis × H. verbana: a — âåíòðàëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà, b —
äîðñàëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà (Dpme, Dpmg, Dl — ïàðàìåäèàëüíàÿ, ïàðàìàðãèíàëüíàÿ è ëàòåðàëüíàÿ ïîëîñû).
a b
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34Morphological Characters of Hybrids of the Medicinal Leeches…
stripes that possess seldom black dots. Paramarginal stripes coalesce with paramedian
stripes forming a network pattern. Paramarginal black spots are oval, diffused, segmen-
tally arranged or merged. Lateral margins of the body are with diffused black stripes of
irregular width (f i g . 2, a). The dorsum of H. orientalis is grass green with three pairs of
yellow or orange longitudinal stripes. Two paramedian stripes are thin with regular black
dots. Paramarginal stripes are broad encompassing black segmentally arranged quadran-
gular or roundish spots (f i g . 3, a). Lateral margins of the body are with yellow stripes
that have regular black roundish or quadrangular spots located at the level of marginal
spots (Utevsky, Trontelj, 2005).
The dorsal pattern of the hybrids is composed of reddish-orange longitudinal stripes
and black spots (fig. 1, b). The reddish-orange paramedian and paramarginal longitudinal
stripes are narrow in contrast to H. verbana and similar to H. orientalis (f i g . 1, a;
4, a). Paramedian stripes are with seldom black dots or without them (f i g . 1, a; 4, a).
Paramarginal stripes are with elongated narrow black spots that are different from both
a
a
b
b
Fig. 2. Coloration of H. verbana: a — dorsum; b — venter.
Ðèñ. 2. Îêðàñêà H. verbana: a — äîðñàëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà; b — âåíòðàëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà.
Fig. 3. Coloration of H. orientalis: a — dorsum, b — venter.
Ðèñ. 3. Îêðàñêà H. orientalis: a — äîðñàëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà; b — âåíòðàëüíàÿ ñòîðîíà.
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35 .M. V. Kovalenko, S. Yu. Utevsky
the parental species. The lateral margins of body have reddish-orange longitudinal stripes
with black elongated diffused spots on them. Spots are merged into the entire stripes
with seldom sites of disconnection. The shape of longitudinal stripes is more similar to
H. medicinalis (Utevsky A. et al., 2010) (f i g . 4, c) than to those of their parents. The
coloration pattern of hybrids, which is very similar to that of H. medicinalis suggests the
hybrid origin of this species. The hybrid origin of some invertebrate species has already
been revealed and seems to be not uncommon (Mavárez, 2006). However, this has not
been ever recorded for leeches and the possibility of the hybrid origin of H. medicinalis
(fig. 4, c, d) should be proved using diverse methods of genetic analysis.
The research was supported in part by the State Foundation of Fundamental Research (DFFD) grant
F40/85–2011.
References
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H. medicinalis, ventral view.
Ðèñ. 4. Ñðàâíåíèå îáðàçöîâ îêðàñêè H. medicinalis è ãèáðèäîâ ìåæäó H. orientalis × H. verbana (ñåãìåíò
ñåðåäèíû òåëà): a — ãèáðèä, âèä ñ äîðñàëüíîé ñòîðîíû; b — ãèáðèä, âèä ñ âåíòðàëüíîé ñòîðîíû; c —
H. medicinalis, âèä ñ äîðñàëüíîé ñòîðîíû; d — H. medicinalis, âèä ñ âåíòðàëüíîé ñòîðîíû.
a
ñ
b
d
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36Morphological Characters of Hybrids of the Medicinal Leeches…
medicinalis available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis // Proc. R. Soc. B. — 2007. — 274. —
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medicinalis (Clitellata, Hirudinida).
Received 19 March 2013
Accepted 1 October 2013
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