Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments
Study of excitation energy distribution of fission fragments as a function of its mass and charge is important for investigation of the fission process mechanism and useful for various applications. Direct measurement of excitation energy of primary fission fragments (before escape of neutrons) is v...
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| Zitieren: | Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments / O.A. Bezshyyko, L.O. Golinka-Bezshyyko, I.M. Kadenko, R.S. Dzhygadlo // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2007. — № 5. — С. 26-30. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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Bezshyyko, O.A. Golinka-Bezshyyko, L.O. Kadenko, I.M. Dzhygadlo, R.S. 2016-12-31T06:40:29Z 2016-12-31T06:40:29Z 2007 Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments / O.A. Bezshyyko, L.O. Golinka-Bezshyyko, I.M. Kadenko, R.S. Dzhygadlo // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2007. — № 5. — С. 26-30. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 25.85.-W; 25.85.Ca https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110161 Study of excitation energy distribution of fission fragments as a function of its mass and charge is important for investigation of the fission process mechanism and useful for various applications. Direct measurement of excitation energy of primary fission fragments (before escape of neutrons) is very problematical. Method to obtain these excitation energies is considered using calculated neutron multiplicities and experimental values of differential yields of fragments pairs after emission of neutrons. We used code Empire II to calculate neutron multiplicities depending on various characteristics of nuclear structure, fission process and de-excitation of the fission fragments. Дослідження розподілу енергії збудження уламків поділу як функції їх маси та заряду може надати важливу інформацію про механізми процесу поділу та може бути корисним для вирішення цілого ряду прикладних задач. Пряме експериментальне визначення енергії збудження уламків поділу зіштовхується з цілим рядом проблем різного характеру. Розглянуто підхід для визначення енергії збудження уламків з використанням розрахованих множинностей нейтронів та експериментальних величин диференційних виходів пар уламків після вильоту з них нейтронів. Для розрахунків множинностей нейтронів використовувався програмний код Empire II. Изучение распределения энергии возбуждения осколков деления как функции массы и заряда осколков может дать важную информацию о механизмах процесса деления и быть полезным для целого ряда приложений. Прямое экспериментальное определение энергии возбуждения осколков деления сталкивается с целым рядом проблем различного характера. Рассмотрен подход для определения энергии возбуждения осколков деления с использованием рассчитанных множественностей нейтронов и экспериментальных величин дифференциальных выходов пар осколков после вылета из них нейтронов. Для расчетов множественностей нейтронов использовался программный код Empire II. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Ядерная физика и элементарные частицы Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments Визначення енергії збудження уламків поділу з використанням розрахованих множинностей нейтронів Определение энергии возбуждения осколков деления с использованием рассчитанных множественностей нейтронов Article published earlier |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments |
| spellingShingle |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments Bezshyyko, O.A. Golinka-Bezshyyko, L.O. Kadenko, I.M. Dzhygadlo, R.S. Ядерная физика и элементарные частицы |
| title_short |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments |
| title_full |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments |
| title_fullStr |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments |
| title_sort |
using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments |
| author |
Bezshyyko, O.A. Golinka-Bezshyyko, L.O. Kadenko, I.M. Dzhygadlo, R.S. |
| author_facet |
Bezshyyko, O.A. Golinka-Bezshyyko, L.O. Kadenko, I.M. Dzhygadlo, R.S. |
| topic |
Ядерная физика и элементарные частицы |
| topic_facet |
Ядерная физика и элементарные частицы |
| publishDate |
2007 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Визначення енергії збудження уламків поділу з використанням розрахованих множинностей нейтронів Определение энергии возбуждения осколков деления с использованием рассчитанных множественностей нейтронов |
| description |
Study of excitation energy distribution of fission fragments as a function of its mass and charge is important for investigation of the fission process mechanism and useful for various applications. Direct measurement of excitation energy of primary fission fragments (before escape of neutrons) is very problematical. Method to obtain these excitation energies is considered using calculated neutron multiplicities and experimental values of differential yields of fragments pairs after emission of neutrons. We used code Empire II to calculate neutron multiplicities depending on various characteristics of nuclear structure, fission process and de-excitation of the fission fragments.
Дослідження розподілу енергії збудження уламків поділу як функції їх маси та заряду може надати важливу інформацію про механізми процесу поділу та може бути корисним для вирішення цілого ряду прикладних задач. Пряме експериментальне визначення енергії збудження уламків поділу зіштовхується з цілим рядом проблем різного характеру. Розглянуто підхід для визначення енергії збудження уламків з використанням розрахованих множинностей нейтронів та експериментальних величин диференційних виходів пар уламків після вильоту з них нейтронів. Для розрахунків множинностей нейтронів використовувався програмний код Empire II.
Изучение распределения энергии возбуждения осколков деления как функции массы и заряда осколков может дать важную информацию о механизмах процесса деления и быть полезным для целого ряда приложений. Прямое экспериментальное определение энергии возбуждения осколков деления сталкивается с целым рядом проблем различного характера. Рассмотрен подход для определения энергии возбуждения осколков деления с использованием рассчитанных множественностей нейтронов и экспериментальных величин дифференциальных выходов пар осколков после вылета из них нейтронов. Для расчетов множественностей нейтронов использовался программный код Empire II.
|
| issn |
1562-6016 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110161 |
| citation_txt |
Using of calculated neutron multiplicities for determination of the excitation energy of fission fragments / O.A. Bezshyyko, L.O. Golinka-Bezshyyko, I.M. Kadenko, R.S. Dzhygadlo // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2007. — № 5. — С. 26-30. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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| fulltext |
USING OF CALCULATED NEUTRON MULTIPLICITIES FOR
DETERMINATION OF THE EXCITATION ENERGY OF
FISSION FRAGMENTS
O.A. Bezshyyko ∗, L.O. Golinka-Bezshyyko, I.M. Kadenko, R.S. Dzhygadlo
Taras Shevchenko National University, 03022, Kyiv, Ukraine
(Received March 22, 2007)
Study of excitation energy distribution of fission fragments as a function of its mass and charge is important for
investigation of the fission process mechanism and useful for various applications. Direct measurement of excitation
energy of primary fission fragments (before escape of neutrons) is very problematical. Method to obtain these
excitation energies is considered using calculated neutron multiplicities and experimental values of differential yields
of fragments pairs after emission of neutrons. We used code Empire II to calculate neutron multiplicities depending
on various characteristics of nuclear structure, fission process and de-excitation of the fission fragments.
PACS: 25.85.-W; 25.85.Ca
1. INTRODUCTION
The study of fission characteristics like average
number of prompt neutrons and fission fragments
excitation energy distribution is very important for
understanding of basic mechanisms of fission process
and useful for various applications - nuclear power re-
actors, nondestructive analysis of nuclear materials,
active and passive detection of special nuclear mate-
rials for nonproliferation application [1] etc. Informa-
tion about primary fission fragments (before escape of
neutrons) is desirable for accurate theoretical analysis
of experimental data. Direct measurement of excita-
tion energy for primary fragments before emission of
neutrons is very difficult. Usually yields, kinetic en-
ergy, neutron multiplicity of fission fragments (inte-
gral values or mass distribution) after emission of all
neutrons are measured. The neutron emission from
fission fragments makes major contribution to total
neutron multiplicity. Information about this emission
is needed to obtain the excitation energy distribution
for primary fission fragments.
Number of escaped neutrons depends from mass
number and charge of the nucleus, total excitation en-
ergy of fission fragments, partitioning the total avail-
able excitation energy between light and heavy frag-
ments, angular momenta of primary fission fragments
(before escape of neutrons). Wide distribution of fis-
sion fragments pairs, difficulties for direct experimen-
tal obtaining of excitation energy, angular momenta
of fragments and excitation energy partitioning - all
these factors could significantly complicate theoret-
ical and experimental study of neutron multiplicity.
Therefore, first of all, averaged values are investigated
in many cases.
The neutron emission from fission fragments
makes main contribution to total neutron multiplic-
ity. Various theoretical approaches to study neu-
tron emission are used [2] - Los Alamos Models,
Dresden approach, Hauser-Feshbach statistical model
approach and other studies with detailed calcula-
tion according to full scheme of excited fragment de-
cay, taking into account consecutive escape of neu-
trons with competition between neutron emission and
gamma-ray emission. It is believed that, ultimately,
the Hauser-Feshbach approach will probably yield
the most accurate results in the calculation of the
prompt fission neutron spectrum and the average
prompt neutron multiplicity. Essential advantage of
such detailed approaches is an explicit treatment of
each fragment in a relatively large number of fission-
fragments pairs, accurate calculation is possible not
only for integral (averaged) values, but for differen-
tial characteristics as well. Monte Carlo simulation of
fission fragment statistical decay (Weisskopf-Ewing)
by sequential neutron emission is developed in Los
Alamos National Laboratory [3].
One can obtain not only integral values but also
differential characteristics of fission process using cal-
culation of characteristics for every fission fragment
and comparing with corresponding differential exper-
imental data. Experimental differential information
for fission-fragments pairs is not very representative,
but within last years interesting experimental results
on neutron multiplicity and yields for selected fission-
fragments pairs were obtained [4, 5, 6]. These ex-
perimental data can be very useful for deriving such
important characteristics of fission process as total
excitation energy and yield of primary fission frag-
ments (before emission of neutrons).
∗Corresponding author. E-mail address: obezsh@univ.kiev.ua
26 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2007, N5.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (48), p.26-30.
2. CALCULATION SCHEME FOR
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY
FISSION FRAGMENTS
According to these experimental data we built up
the equations set with expression for every cell (spec-
ified in the table 1 of ref. [4]) in the following way:
P exp
A1f ,A2f
=
N∑
k=1
A−A2f∑
i=A1f
Y k
i,(A−i) · Pj(Jj,Ej)A−i−A2f
i,(A−i) · Pi(Ji, Ei)i−A1f
i,(A−i) (1)
where P exp
A1f ,A2f
- relative experimental probability
of population the pair of final fission fragments with
mass number A1f for the first fragment and mass
number A2f for the second fragment, A – mass num-
ber of fissile nucleus (in this case 252Cf);
N∑
k=1
Y k
i,(A−i)-
relative yield of primary fission fragments pair (be-
fore emission of neutrons) with mass number i for
the first fragment (first subscript) and mass number
A − i for the second fragment (second subscript);
Pj(Jj, Ej)A−i−A2f
i,(A−i) - relative probability of escaped
number of neutrons A− i−A2f (superscript) for the
second fragment of fragments pair i, (A − i) (sub-
script); Pi(Ji, Ei)i−A1f
i,(A−i) - relative probability of es-
caped number of neutrons i − A1f (superscript) for
the first fragment of fragments pair i, (A − i) (sub-
script). Y k
i,(A−i) - partial relative yield of primary
fission fragments pair for total excitation energy bin
(see Fig.1), where k - energy bin index, N - number
of bins.
Fig.1. Relative yield of primary fission fragments
pair for total excitation energy (k-index of energy)
Fig.2. Graphical illustration to equation (1)
Relative probabilities of escaped number of neu-
trons Pj(Jj, Ej)A−i−A2f
i,(A−i) and Pi(Ji, Ei)i−A1f
i,(A−i) are
calculated using Empire II code [7], and Y k
i,(A−i) -
are derived from (1).
In Fig.2 one can see graphical illustration to
equation (1) according yields data [4] of fragments
pairs (barium-molybdenum) for spontaneous fission
of 252Cf . Admissible mass numbers (vertical and
horizontal axes in Fig.2) of primary fission fragments
are situated on the hypotenuse (part of diagonal with
total mass number A = 252) of right-angled triangle
for neutron emission transitions to fission fragments
pair after escape of neutrons (vertex of right angle in
triangle).
3. EMPIRE II CALCULATION OF
NEUTRON MULTIPLICITY
Nowadays powerful and effective nuclear reaction
codes for advanced modeling of nuclear reactions are
developed. Such codes potentially allow to calculate
in details a de-excitation of primary fission fragment
before escape of neutrons to final nucleus-product
of fission. One of these codes is Empire II code
which uses various modern theoretical approaches,
has an open source status, and some other impor-
tant advantages [7]. We modified code Empire II
and developed additional modules to study photofis-
sion reactions, isomer ratios, excitation energy and
angular momentum dependencies of various reaction
characteristics for fission fragments and other reac-
tions products [8, 9]. It allows to calculate number of
escaped neutrons versus spin and excitation energy
of primary fission fragments. Using calculated distri-
butions and mean values of escaped neutrons from
primary fission fragments one can compare such re-
sults with experimental data and estimate relative
yields of primary fragments and distribution of to-
tal excitation energy. We calculated relative prob-
abilities of escape various number of neutrons from
primary fission fragments of the spontaneous fission
of 252Cf . These data can be used for comparison
with experimental data [4]. We studied fragments
pairs - 138Ba114Mo, 139Ba113Mo, 140Ba112Mo,
141Ba111Mo, 142Ba110Mo, 143Ba109Mo, 144Ba108Mo,
145Ba107Mo, 146Ba106Mo, 147Ba105Mo, 148Ba104Mo,
149Ba103Mo, 150Ba102Mo. The total excitation en-
ergy range was 25-55 MeV.
27
Example of calculation set (averaged values) of neutron multiplicities for primary fragments of 252Cf
fission (spin of primary fission fragments 4 or 4.5)
E∗,MeV 138Ba114Mo 139Ba113Mo 140Ba112Mo 141Ba111Mo 142Ba110Mo
1.00 0.03 1.11 0.31 1.76 0.43 1.92 0.28 1.92 0.27
25 1.95 0.22 1.67 0.47 1.65 0.48 1.35 0.48 1.15 0.36
2.95 0.22 2.78 0.57 3.41 0.64 3.26 0.55 3.07 0.45
1.00 0.02 1.50 0.50 1.88 0.33 1.97 0.18 1.97 0.17
27 1.98 0.13 1.84 0.37 1.88 0.33 1.70 0.46 1.64 0.48
2.98 0.14 3.34 0.62 3.76 0.46 3.67 0.49 3.61 0.51
1.01 0.08 1.73 0.45 1.94 0.23 1.98 0.13 1.99 0.11
29 1.99 0.09 1.93 0.25 1.95 0.22 1.86 0.34 1.85 0.36
3.00 0.12 3.66 0.51 3.89 0.32 3.85 0.37 3.83 0.38
1.23 0.42 1.86 0.35 1.97 0.18 2.04 0.22 2.00 0.07
31 2.00 0.09 2.04 0.31 1.98 0.15 1.95 0.22 1.94 0.24
3.23 0.43 3.90 0.46 3.94 0.23 3.99 0.32 3.93 0.25
1.56 0.50 1.92 0.27 1.98 0.13 2.21 0.41 2.18 0.38
33 2.08 0.28 2.29 0.47 1.99 0.09 2.00 0.23 1.94 0.24
3.64 0.57 4.21 0.55 3.97 0.16 4.21 0.47 4.11 0.45
1.77 0.42 1.96 0.19 1.99 0.10 2.60 0.49 2.45 0.50
35 2.32 0.47 2.49 0.51 2.00 0.06 2.00 0.23 1.97 0.16
4.08 0.63 4.45 0.54 3.99 0.11 4.60 0.54 4.42 0.52
1.88 0.33 1.98 0.13 2.03 0.18 2.74 0.44 2.62 0.49
37 2.48 0.50 2.70 0.46 2.00 0.06 2.18 0.41 1.99 0.10
4.36 0.60 4.68 0.48 4.02 0.19 4.91 0.60 4.61 0.50
1.93 0.25 2.03 0.19 2.14 0.35 2.84 0.37 2.76 0.43
39 2.64 0.48 2.70 0.46 2.05 0.23 2.38 0.50 2.00 0.07
4.57 0.54 4.73 0.50 4.19 0.42 5.22 0.62 4.76 0.43
We supposed that both light and heavy fragments
share the same temperature and level density param-
eter is proportional to mass number of nucleus. These
conditions lead to partitioning of excitation energy
between fragments proportionally its masses. Neu-
tron multiplicities were calculated for spins of pri-
mary fission fragments 4 or 9/2 and default configu-
ration options of Empire II code. Spin of every frag-
ment was varied in the range 2 - 12 h̄ for energy
dependencies. Part of calculated data set (averaged
values) is shown in table.
In the table 1: E∗ - the total excitation energy of
fragments; υ1, υ2, υ1+2 - average neutron multiplicity
for the first primary fragment, for the second primary
fragment, and total average number of neutrons; σ1,
σ2, σ1+2 - standard errors of υ1, υ2, υ1+2.
E∗, MeV 138Ba114Mo
υ1 σ1
25 υ2 σ2
υ1+2 σ1+2
One can see some results of these calculations in
Fig.3,4. Spin dependencies of relative neutron
yield from primary fragments 138Ba and 150Ba
for various number of neutrons (total excitation
energy 30 MeV ) and spin are shown in Fig.3.
Fig.3. Spin dependencies of relative neutron yield
(P) from primary fragments 138Ba and 150Ba for
various number of neutrons (total excitation energy
30 MeV) and spin (J)
28
Fig.4. Neutron multiplicities (υ) versus total
excitation energy (E) of fragments (spin of primary
fission fragments 4 or 4.5)
Neutron multiplicities (υ) versus total excitation
energy of fragments are shown in Fig.4.
One can see that spin dependence of multiplici-
ties is not very strong. As a rule the escape probabil-
ity of more number of neutrons decreases with spin
increasing. Neutron multiplicity dependencies have
some peculiarities for different fragment pairs. It is
necessary to take into account these differences. Cal-
culated data allow more accurate studying the char-
acteristics of primary stages for fission process.
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mary photofission fragments of 237Np and 238U
// Bull. Univ. Kiev, Ser.:Phys. Math. 2004, v.2,
p.457 (in Ukrainian).
29
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГИИ ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ ОСКОЛКОВ ДЕЛЕНИЯ
С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ РАССЧИТАННЫХ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОСТЕЙ НЕЙТРОНОВ
О.А. Бесшейко, Л.А. Голинка-Бесшейко, И.Н. Каденко, Р.С. Джигадло
Изучение распределения энергии возбуждения осколков деления как функции массы и заряда
осколков может дать важную информацию о механизмах процесса деления и быть полезным для
целого ряда приложений. Прямое экспериментальное определение энергии возбуждения осколков де-
ления сталкивается с целым рядом проблем различного характера. Рассмотрен подход для определения
энергии возбуждения осколков деления с использованием рассчитанных множественностей нейтронов
и экспериментальных величин дифференциальных выходов пар осколков после вылета из них нейтро-
нов. Для расчетов множественностей нейтронов использовался программный код Empire II.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕНЕРГIЇ ЗБУДЖЕННЯ УЛАМКIВ ПОДIЛУ
З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ РОЗРАХОВАНИХ МНОЖИННОСТЕЙ НЕЙТРОНIВ
О.А. Безшийко, Л.О. Голiнка-Безшийко, I.М. Каденко, Р.С. Джигадло
Дослiдження розподiлу енергiї збудження уламкiв подiлу як функцiї їх маси та заряду може нада-
ти важливу iнформацiю про механiзми процесу подiлу та може бути корисним для вирiшення цiлого
ряду прикладних задач. Пряме експериментальне визначення енергiї збудження уламкiв подiлу зi-
штовхується з цiлим рядом проблем рiзного характеру. Розглянуто пiдхiд для визначення енергiї збуд-
ження уламкiв з використанням розрахованих множинностей нейтронiв та експериментальних величин
диференцiйних виходiв пар уламкiв пiсля вильоту з них нейтронiв. Для розрахункiв множинностей ней-
тронiв використовувався програмний код Empire II.
30
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