Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system
Methodological approach of optimization of schemes of solid radwaste management of the ”Shelter” object and ChNPP industrial site during transformation to the ecologically safe system was developed. Розроблена методика оптимізації схем звернення і технологій поводження з твердими радіоактивними відх...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
|---|---|
| Date: | 2007 |
| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Інститут проблем безпеки АЕС України
2007
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110401 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system / V.G. Batiy, A.I. Stojanov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2007. — № 5. — С. 110-114. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860055625193488384 |
|---|---|
| author | Batiy, V.G. Stojanov, A.I. |
| author_facet | Batiy, V.G. Stojanov, A.I. |
| citation_txt | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system / V.G. Batiy, A.I. Stojanov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2007. — № 5. — С. 110-114. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | Methodological approach of optimization of schemes of solid radwaste management of the ”Shelter” object and ChNPP industrial site during transformation to the ecologically safe system was developed.
Розроблена методика оптимізації схем звернення і технологій поводження з твердими радіоактивними відходами об'єкту "Укриття" і проммайданчика ЧАЕС в процесі їх перетворення об'єкту "Укриття" в екологічно безпечну систему.
Разработана методика оптимизации схем обращения и технологий обращения с твердыми радиоактивными отходами объекта "Укрытие" и промплощадки ЧАЭС в процессе их преобразования объекта "Укрытие" в экологически безопасную систему.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF SOLID RADWASTE
MANAGEMENT AT THE ”SHELTER” OBJECT
TRANSFORMATION TO THE ECOLOGICALLY SAFETY
SYSTEM
V.G. Batiy∗, A.I. Stojanov
Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants, 07270, Chernobyl, Ukraine
(Received January 6, 2007)
Methodological approach of optimization of schemes of solid radwaste management of the ”Shelter” object and
ChNPP industrial site during transformation to the ecologically safe system was developed.
PACS: 28.41Te
The ”Shelter” object (SO) was built at limited
time and under high radiation influence on person-
nel. This Sarcophagus does not fully satisfy the re-
quirements of safety standards. For example, proba-
bility of roof damage is about 0,1 per year [1]. The
consequences could be catastrophic. Therefore, the
necessity exists in implementation of measures that
increase the ”Shelter” object safety and transform it
to the ecologically safety system.
Now works of the ”Shelter” object transforma-
tion to the ecologically safety system are performed
in the frameworks of the SIP international program.
It is necessary to underline, that during preparatory
works, that include creation of construction bases, in-
frastructures and other objects, considerable amount
of different kinds and categories of radwaste will ap-
pear.
The feature of the present stage of activity con-
cerned with consequences elimination of the accident
in 1986 is substantial increase of work amount on
solid radwaste characterizing and management on
the ChNPP industrial site. Therefore, the necessity
in optimization of technological process of radwaste
management for expenses minimization and increase
of safety of these works exists. Modelling and op-
timization of single technological operations of rad-
waste management is needed for implementation of
such optimization. In this work the modeling of the
process of choice of optimum schemes and technolo-
gies of management of solid radwaste, which will gen-
erate at transformation of the ”Shelter” object to the
ecologically safety system, will be briefly described.
The general scheme of the modelling process is
presented on the Fig.1. Following input data for the
fulfillment of the modelling process are needed:
1. The characteristics of solid radwaste, including
specific activity, radionuclide composition, type
of radiation, type of contamination (on surface
or into volume), material (soil, concrete and
etc), supposed volumes sizes and so on;
2. The characteristics of forthcoming works, in-
cluding place, volume, duration, weather con-
ditions, financial expenses and so on;
3. The normative documents relating to solid rad-
waste management;
4. The table (list) of technological operations of
the solid radwaste management;
5. database of existing equipments and technolo-
gies of solid radwaste management.
From the aforecited categories of input data only
categories ”the characteristic of forthcoming works”
and ”the characteristic of solid radwaste” substan-
tially change depending on the works type. The re-
maining input data categories do not depend from the
works type and does not change during time. There-
fore, in more detail we will consider two first input
data categories.
In the near-term formation of solid radwaste is
expected as an output of the number of works on the
”Shelter” object and near him, such as:
-creation of new infrastructure (sanitary cordon,
accesses roads, engineering networks and other);
-stabilization of the ”Shelter” object building con-
structions;
-dismantling of the stack VT-2 (between the 3th
and the destroyed 4th units of the Chornobyl NPP);
-building of the new safety confinement
(”ARKA”) over the existing object;
-dismantling of the unstable constructions of the
”Shelter” object;
-other works.
∗Corresponding author. E-mail address: batiy@mail.ru
110 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2007, N5.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (48), p.110-114.
Normative
documents
relating to solid
radwaste
management
Alternative variants of solid radwaste management
Alternative variants analysis on conformity of solid radwaste management criteria
Optimum scheme and technologies of solid radwaste management
Database of
existing
equipments and
technologies of
solid radwaste
management
Characteristics of
solid radwaste
Table (list) of
technological
operations of solid
radwaste
management
Criteria of choice of scheme
and technologies
General scheme of solid
radwaste management
Characteristics of
forthcoming
works
Fig.1. Algorithm of choice of optimum scheme and technologies of solid radwaste management
All these works will produce different kinds of
solid radwaste represented on the Fig.2. It consists
of fragments of reactor core and fragments of greatly
contaminated concrete, which can be classified as
high-level activity and long-live radwaste. The soil is
the free-flowing short-live radwaste. Building debris
and fragments of concrete are the small-size short-
live radwaste. The main volume of the fragments of
metal and reinforced-concrete constructions (with the
exception of rooms building constructions, in which is
located the fuel-containing materials) is the large-size
short-live radwaste. Therefore, radwaste, produced
during transformation of the ”Shelter” object, is the
characterized by large variety (see Fig.2).
Fig.2. Main radwaste types, generating at transformation of the ”Shelter” object (HLW - high-level
radioactive waste; FCM - fuel-containing materials)
145000 162000
2400
6300
1150 1055
1,0E+03
1,0E+04
1,0E+05
1,0E+06
V
o
lu
m
e,
m
cu
b
.
SO without
building
structures
(LLW)
SO local
area
SWR LWR LSWR 1,2,3 Unit
ChNPP
ChNPP industrial site radwaste
Fig.3. Radwaste of the ChNPP industrial site
(SWR – Solid Waste Repository; LWR – Liquid
Waste Repository; LSWR – Liquid and Solid Waste
Repository)
7,57E+08
8,62E+06
1,00E+05
5,00E+04
7,00E+04
1,0E+04
1,0E+05
1,0E+06
1,0E+07
1,0E+08
1,0E+09
A
ct
iv
it
y
G
B
q
SO SO local area SWR LWR LSWR
Activities of radwaste main clusters located on ChNPP site
Fig.4. Radwaste activity of ChNPP industrial site
(SWR – Solid Waste Repository; LWR – Liquid
Waste Repository; LSWR – Liquid and Solid Waste
Repository)
111
The main volume of the solid radwaste, located on
the ChNPP industrial site, is, foremost, radioactive-
containing buildings - a few million cubic meters, and
also soils – up to 2 million cubic meters. The volumes
of other radwaste types are represented on the Fig.3.
The radwaste of the ”Shelter” object are not include
of reinforced-concrete building constructions, which
are presented low-level radwaste, as full dismantling
of the ”Shelter” object constructions is improbable.
The greater part of radwaste activity (without tak-
ing into account spent nuclear fuel) is concentrated
directly in the ”Shelter” object (up to 7, 57·108 GBq)
and its local area, that is represented on the Fig.4.
The characteristics of removal place of radwaste,
such as illumination conditions, spatial limitation and
other, have a substantial influence on the choice of
optimum scheme of radwaste management. On this
basis, one can select the zones of radwaste formation
during transformation by three basic types:
- the zone with the limited access – those are
places of works realization, where usage of loading-
unloading mechanisms is possible to deliver the con-
tainers of only definite types, and also small equip-
ment for radwaste management (sizes of a technolog-
ical openings and areas of loads accept will be, as a
rule, limited);
- the zone with free access – those are places of
works realization, which are characterized with the
possibility of usage of various equipment, including
remotely handling, and also different containers for
radwaste (foremost, this the places of works realiza-
tion at building of foundations).
The aforecited examples of input data (”the char-
acteristics of forthcoming works” and ”the character-
istics of solid radwaste”) allow us to make conclusion
about their substantial variety. Therefore, these in-
put data are variable factors, changing in a large in-
terval during the choice and optimization of scheme
and technologies of solid radwaste management.
Solid radwaste management is necessary to carry
out in accordance with national normative docu-
ments [2]-[4], and also with account for recommen-
dations of IAEA [5]-[8]. On the basis of these nor-
mative documents (see Fig.1), ”the characteristics of
forthcoming works” and generated solid radwaste cri-
teria of choice of scheme and technologies, and also
general scheme (the strategy) of the solid radwaste
management are developed (Fig.5).
Fig.5. General scheme of ChNPP site radwaste management (FCM - fuel-containing materials; HLW -
high-level radioactive waste; LL RW – Long-Lived Radwaste; LWR – Liquid Waste Repository; SWR –
Solid Waste Repository; LSWR – Liquid and Solid Waste Repository; LRTP – Liquid Radwaste Treatment
Plant; IC SRWT – Industrial Complex for Solid Radwaste Management; SL ILW – Short-Lived
Intermediate-Level Radwaste; SL LLW – Short-Lived Low-Level Radwaste; SL HLW – Short-Lived
High-Level Radwaste)
The process of radwaste sorting takes central
place for radwaste management. As a rule, this is
a sorting process that determines productivity of all
radwaste management scheme, and also presence or
absence in this scheme other technological operations
of radwaste management. In accordance with princi-
ple of minimization sorting process must be ”placed”
as near as possible to the places of formation of
radwaste. It is necessary to mention that this pro-
cess must be executed in the conditions of the high
gamma-background created by the ”Shelter” object,
and also by radioactive contamination of nearby ter-
ritory and buildings situated in it.
The management of radioactive contaminated soil
is one of numerous types of works where radwaste
is formed. The formation of large volumes of the
112
radioactive contaminated soil is forecasted during
works on transformation of the ”Shelter” object.
Therefore, it is necessary to choose a sorting process
so that productivity of all schemes as whole will in-
crease and will to the lowest possible level minimize
formation of radwaste.
In the work [9] the process of the sorting with
usage of collimating dosimeter, which is placed on
boom of power shovel, in the conditions of the high
gamma-background was analyzed and modeled. In
these conditions usage of existing sorting equipments,
for example, the automatic conveyer of sorting of soil
and building garbage developed in CANBERA, is in-
advisable because of the high cost, heterogeneity of
soil (near an active layer we have large probability
of possibly location of high-activity fragments of rad-
waste [10]), high external gamma-background from
the radwaste conglomerations in the ”Shelter” ob-
ject, and also the insufficient mobility (the similar
equipments are intended for the system removing of
radioactive contaminated soil, but are not for build-
ing works, creation of foundations, etc.). In addition,
this automatic conveyer has the high rate of the dust
formation.
On basis of the developed general scheme and, us-
ing ”the table of technological operations” (see Fig.1),
and also ”the database of existing equipments and
technologies of solid radwaste management”, are de-
veloped of alternative variants of schemes and tech-
nologies of solid radwaste management. The choice
of the optimum scheme and technologies, on the basis
of developed criteria, can be carried out by different
ways, for example, using the multicriterion analysis
proved in the work [11].
The gist of method constitutes of the aggregated
criterion uniting all other criteria. For each criteria
desirability function uj(x) representing the region of
change for each criteria of x in the interval from 0 to 1
is constructed. The generalized index of efficiency of
Ui for variant i is defined as sum of the corresponding
desirability functions:
Ui =
n∑
j=1
kjuj(xji), (1)
with the weight coefficients of kj , which are chosen
as
n∑
j=1
kj = 1. (2)
On this basis in the work [11] the scheme of choice
of the optimum technical decision using multicrite-
rion analysis was suggested.
CONCLUSIONS
Expected substantial increase of works amounts
of solid radwaste characterizing and management on
the ChNPP industrial site is the feature of the present
stage of activity related to the beginning of works of
the ”Shelter” object transformation and the ChNPP
decommissioning.
The main volume of the solid radwaste of
the ChNPP industrial site is radioactive-containing
buildings and soils. The greater part activity of
radwaste (without taking into account spent nuclear
fuel) is concentrated directly in the ”Shelter” object
and its local area.
Wide spectrum of solid radwaste types of the
”Shelter” object and ChNPP industrial site allow
to relate their characteristics to the variable factors,
which have substantial influence on the choice of opti-
mum scheme and technologies of solid radwaste man-
agement. The general scheme of radwaste manage-
ment of the ChNPP industrial site is suggested.
The choice of optimum scheme and technologies
can be carried out on the basis of multicriterion anal-
ysis. Practical realization of this methodological ap-
proach was used for building of sanitary cordon and
is carried out presently in measures directed for the
stabilization of the ”Shelter” object constructions.
REFERENCES
1. Integrated report on stabilization, shielding and
access. The book 3. The preliminary report on
safety analysis / Task 1 SIP. Integration and mo-
bilization of designs of stabilization and shield-
ing. Report WBS A01 18000-Doc.1.6b, Project
N◦4967. International consortium ”Chernobyl” -
ICC (MK) JV. Kiev- Chernobyl, 2000, 199 p.
2. Norms of radiation safety of Ukraine. NRBU-97.
GGN 6.6.1.-6.5.001-98. Kyiv. 1997, 121 p.
3. Norms of radiation safety of Ukraine. Addi-
tion: Radiation protection from source of poten-
tial irradiation. NRBU-97 /D-2000. GGN 6.6.1.-
6.5.000-2000. Kyiv. 2000, 42 p.
4. Norms of radiation safety of Ukraine. Basic
sanitary rules of radiation safety guarantee of
Ukraine. GSP 6.177-2005-09-02. Kyiv. 2005, 38 p.
5. Classification of Radioactive Waste. A Safety
Guide. Safety series N111-G-1.1. IAEA. Vienna,
1994.
6. The Principles of Radioactive Waste Manage-
ment, IAEA, Safety Series No. 111-F, IAEA. Vi-
enna, 1995.
7. Radiation Protection Principles for the Disposal
of Solid Radioactive Waste, ICRP. Publication
46. Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York, 1986.
8. International Basic Safety Standards for Protec-
tion against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety
of Radiation Sources, IAEA Safety Series N115-I,
IAEA, Vienna, 1995.
9. V.G. Batiy, A.A. Pravdiviy, A.I. Stojanov.
Boundary conditions estimation of scoop dosime-
ter for primary sorting during earthworks //
Problems of NPP Safety and Chornobyl. 2005,
v.2, p.92-98.
113
10. A.M. Aljoshin, V.G. Batiy et al. Safe Manage-
ment of Solid HLW During ”UKRUTTIA” Ob-
ject Conversion // Problems of Chornobyl. 2002,
v.9, p.41-46.
11. V.G. Batiy, V.V. Derenhovskiy et al. Dose / Cost
/ Benefit Analysis for Stabilization Measures 14,
14A, 4 and N/N // Problems of Chornobyl. 2003,
v.13, p.108-115.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ТВЕРДЫМИ РАДИОАКТИВНЫМИ
ОТХОДАМИ ПРИ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИИ ОБЪЕКТА "УКРЫТИЕ"В
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНУЮ СИСТЕМУ
В.Г. Батий, А.И. Стоянов
Разработана методика оптимизации схем обращения и технологий обращения с твердыми радиоак-
тивными отходами объекта "Укрытие"и промплощадки ЧАЭС в процессе их преобразования объекта
"Укрытие"в экологически безопасную систему.
ОПТИМIЗАЦIЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПОВОДЖЕННЯ З ТВЕРДИМИ РАДIОАКТИВНИМИ
ВIДХОДАМИ ПРИ ПЕРЕТВОРЕННI ОБ’ЄКТА "УКРИТТЯ"В ЕКОЛОГIЧНО
БЕЗПЕЧНУ СИСТЕМУ
В.Г. Батiй, О.I. Стоянов
Розроблена методика оптимiзацiї схем звернення i технологiй поводження з твердими радiоактив-
ними вiдходами об’єкту "Укриття"i проммайданчика ЧАЕС в процесi їх перетворення об’єкту "Укрит-
тя"в екологiчно безпечну систему.
114
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-110401 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publisher | Інститут проблем безпеки АЕС України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Batiy, V.G. Stojanov, A.I. 2017-01-04T11:22:00Z 2017-01-04T11:22:00Z 2007 Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system / V.G. Batiy, A.I. Stojanov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2007. — № 5. — С. 110-114. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 28.41Te https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110401 Methodological approach of optimization of schemes of solid radwaste management of the ”Shelter” object and ChNPP industrial site during transformation to the ecologically safe system was developed. Розроблена методика оптимізації схем звернення і технологій поводження з твердими радіоактивними відходами об'єкту "Укриття" і проммайданчика ЧАЕС в процесі їх перетворення об'єкту "Укриття" в екологічно безпечну систему. Разработана методика оптимизации схем обращения и технологий обращения с твердыми радиоактивными отходами объекта "Укрытие" и промплощадки ЧАЭС в процессе их преобразования объекта "Укрытие" в экологически безопасную систему. en Інститут проблем безпеки АЕС України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system Оптимізація процесу поводження з твердими радіоактивними відходами при перетворенні об'єкта "Укриття" в екологічно безпечну систему Оптимизация процесса обращения с твердыми радиоактивными отходами при преобразовании объекта "Укрытие" в экологически безопасную систему Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system Batiy, V.G. Stojanov, A.I. Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных |
| title | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system |
| title_alt | Оптимізація процесу поводження з твердими радіоактивними відходами при перетворенні об'єкта "Укриття" в екологічно безпечну систему Оптимизация процесса обращения с твердыми радиоактивными отходами при преобразовании объекта "Укрытие" в экологически безопасную систему |
| title_full | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system |
| title_short | Optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”Shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system |
| title_sort | optimization of the process of solid radwaste management at the ”shelter” object transformation to the ecologically safety system |
| topic | Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных |
| topic_facet | Ядернo-физические методы и обработка данных |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110401 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT batiyvg optimizationoftheprocessofsolidradwastemanagementattheshelterobjecttransformationtotheecologicallysafetysystem AT stojanovai optimizationoftheprocessofsolidradwastemanagementattheshelterobjecttransformationtotheecologicallysafetysystem AT batiyvg optimízacíâprocesupovodžennâztverdimiradíoaktivnimivídhodamipriperetvorenníobêktaukrittâvekologíčnobezpečnusistemu AT stojanovai optimízacíâprocesupovodžennâztverdimiradíoaktivnimivídhodamipriperetvorenníobêktaukrittâvekologíčnobezpečnusistemu AT batiyvg optimizaciâprocessaobraŝeniâstverdymiradioaktivnymiothodamipripreobrazovaniiobʺektaukrytievékologičeskibezopasnuûsistemu AT stojanovai optimizaciâprocessaobraŝeniâstverdymiradioaktivnymiothodamipripreobrazovaniiobʺektaukrytievékologičeskibezopasnuûsistemu |