Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration)
The report delivered at celebration of the 70-th anniversary of work on artificial splitting the lithium nucleus with protons in NSC KIPT Доповідь на святкуванні в ХФТІ 70-ї річниці штучного розщеплення ядра літію протонами. Доклад на праздновании в ХФТИ 70-й годовщины искусственного расщепления ядр...
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| Published in: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Date: | 2003 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2003
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| Cite this: | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) / P.V. Sorokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2003. — № 2. — С. 8-10. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859591077438160896 |
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| citation_txt | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) / P.V. Sorokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2003. — № 2. — С. 8-10. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The report delivered at celebration of the 70-th anniversary of work on artificial splitting the lithium nucleus with protons in NSC KIPT
Доповідь на святкуванні в ХФТІ 70-ї річниці штучного розщеплення ядра літію протонами.
Доклад на праздновании в ХФТИ 70-й годовщины искусственного расщепления ядра лития протонами.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-11-27T15:35:02Z |
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RESEARCH IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS AT NSC KIPT
(70th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration)
P.V. Sorokin
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
The report delivered at celebration of the 70th anniversary of work on artificial splitting the lithium nucleus with
protons in NSC KIPT
PACS: 29.85
The development of investigations in high-
energy physics (HEP) is closely related round the world
to Nuclear Physics. In our Institute, they are the natural
continuation of work on artificial splitting the lithium
nucleus with protons. The 70th anniversary of this event
is celebrated today.
It is also significant that two of the scientists
who performed that experiment, namely,
K.D. Sinel’nikov and A.K. Val’ter, were the inspirers of
creating the experimental basis for the HEP and
conducting these investigations at our Institute.
Academician A.K. Val’ter took over the direct
supervision of all the work that remained the main
concern of the last years of his life.
By the beginning of the fifties, nuclear physics
had already achieved much success in investigations of
atomic nucleus and military-purpose use of internal
nuclear energy. The investigations opened up new
possibilities of using this energy for peaceful purposes,
or, broadly speaking, of using nuclear processes in
various fields of science, engineering, and medicine.
And we are the witness of how widely these
possibilities are used by the mankind.
However, at that time nuclear physicists were
unable to solve the most fundamental problems such as:
what was the structure of nuclear constituents - protons
and neutrons? What was the nature of strong
interactions of nucleons in nuclei?
It became evident that it was necessary to turn
to another level of investigating the structure of
subnuclear substance, which is characterized by space
dimension of < 10-13 cm. For that purpose it was
necessary to have accelerators for energies of tens,
hundreds, thousands of megaelectron-volts (MeV).
Programs of those investigations were progressing
rapidly in many developed countries. As a result, there
came a new world of “elementary” particles, the number
of which many times exceeded the number of elements
in the periodic table.
A new line of research in the HEP was formed,
that gained a support throughout the civilized world.
The USSR started to bring into life the program of
constructing high-energy accelerators of protons,
electrons. It was decided to build at our Institute the
electron linear accelerator for the then record energy of
4 GeV. The preference given to our Institute was
evidently due to the fact that at Kharkov there was
already experience of electron acceleration and of
making accelerating systems for high-energy
accelerators (Ya.B. Fainberg, N.A. Khizhnyak and
others). There were successful theoretical investigations
on quantum electrodynamics and elementary particles
(A.I. Akhiezer and his followers).
By 1965, a 300 MeV accelerator and the first
line of the 2 GeV accelerator with intermediate
experimental halls were created under the direction of
A.K. Val’ter. The build-up of energy up to 4 GeV was
found to be unreasonable.
The main body in the team of physicists
participating in designing experimental halls, physical
equipment included the people who had learned in the
school of experience in nuclear physics (A.K. Val’ter,
N.G. Afanas’ev, P.I. Vatset, S.G. Tonapetyan, V.I.
Voloshchuk, A.Ya. Kolesnikov and others) together
with experienced engineers, technicians, laboratory
assistants.
In mastering the theoretical aspects of HEP, of
great benefit to the experimenters were the lectures
given by our theorists A.I. Akhiezer, E.V. Inopin,
D.V. Volkov, P.I. Fomin, M.P. Rekalo and others.
Those lectures were issued as preprints which served as
useful manuals for young scientists to meet the
minimum requirements for a Candidate’s degree.
By the middle seventies, the 300 MeV and 2
GeV accelerators had a great complex of the up-to-date
facilities: magnetic spectrometers with multichannel
systems of particle detection; spark, diffusion, freon
chambers; polarized and quasimonochromatic photon
beams; polarized target of protons and deuterons, fast
electronics, on-line systems. None of the scientific
laboratories in the world possessed that complex of
techniques. Much work was done to improve the
scientific level, efficiency and quality of investigations,
to train scientific and technical personnel.
The Institute became the leading center in the
Soviet Union that investigated electromagnetic
processes and took the worthy place in the world
science scientific community. Here, All-Union seminars
and international meetings were regularly held.
The research program embraced a wide circle
of problems on elementary particle physics, high-energy
nuclear physics, and electrodynamic processes in the
matter.
8 PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2003, № 2.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (41), p. 8-10.
Most of the experimental results were entirely
new at that time. A major part of them gained a wide
recognition of specialists. They are used in surveys, are
included in the world data banks, and are stimulatory to
theoretical developments and new experimental
investigations. Some of those data remain unique to the
present day. In particular, our data on the polarization
parameters measured in the single pion photoproduction
on nucleon were included into the world spread SAID
compilation [1]. These data are used in the most recent
publications, for example [2]. In the KIPT the multipole
analysis of this reaction now has been provided by
A.S. Omelaenko, a member of the Baryon Resonance
Analyses Group (BRAG collaboration). The figure
below represents one of the cases where our data are the
single source of information about the polarization
values.
Prediction of the T asymmetry and the polarization of the final nucleons P for the p( ,γ π0) and p( ,γ π+)
reactions vs the c.m. pion production angle, compared to the existing experimental data. The figure is taken from
the LEGS’s article [2]
The of P.I. Vatset and V.I. Voloshchuk on the
photodisintegration of helium-4 got the State Prize for
1977. Based on the experimental results obtained, 11
Doctor’s Theses and 60 Candidate’s Theses were
defended.
The NSC KIPT gathered a team of highly
qualified specialists who had a topical program for the
development of accelerator equipment, new facilities for
experiments, means of data processing and interpre-
tation. A scientific cooperation with related institutions
of the Union and foreign countries was developing.
The hard times experienced by our country
could not help affecting the progress of HEP
investigations at our Institute. In 1993, experiments
using 300 MeV and 2 GeV accelerators were stopped
because of the absence of the necessary financing.
However, the work on the analysis of data obtained
earlier, on their comparison with the present-day
theoretical calculations continues today. Meanwhile, the
HEP is developing vigorously in the world. In the last
decades, discoveries have been made in the HEP that
are comparable with the discoveries of the end of the
19th century and of the beginning of the 20th century.
These discoveries have radically changed the concepts
of fundamental constituents of substance and the laws of
interaction between them. A single nature has been
established for electromagnetic and weak interactions
described by the electroweak theory. The notion of a
quark-gluon structure of hadronic matter arose and was
firmly established. Quantum chromodynamics claiming
the role of the strong interaction theory was created. It
has been realized that the atomic nucleus cannot be
presented as a system of protons and neutrons. At
certain conditions, a quark-gluon structure of both the
proton and the neutron should manifest itself in nuclei.
A tight connection of HEP with cosmology and
astrophysics was established. All these achievements
have posed new problems before the HEP, the solution
of which calls for the creation of still more powerful
facilities.
The experience in HEP research, accumulated
at the Institute, a certain authority proposal enjoined
among the world scientific community have provided
the possibility for our scientists to be involved in the
international cooperation on HEP. All possible things
are done at the Institute to support these activities.
Take, for example, the collaboration with the
Jefferson Laboratory (USA), where the-best-in-the-
world electron accelerator operates. Here, on proposal
of V.G. Gorbenko and with the participation of his
group a Meller polarimeter was constructed to perform
precision measurements of accelerated electrons. The
polarimeter is now widely used to obtain unique data on
the hadronic structure. The Laboratory has very good
prospects for the development. The maintenance of this
collaboration and its extension in the processing and
interpretation of experimental data is of significant
importance.
9
The collaboration with Russia makes it
possible to keep our long-standing scientific contacts
and to establish new contacts with Western countries, to
use the equipment available with us in experiments at
10 GeV and 70 GeV accelerators in Dubna and
Protvino, respectively. This collaboration is performed
by A.A. Lukhanin’s group.
A particular place belongs to the collaboration
with the largest international organization - CERN, with
which Ukraine signed in 1993 the Agreement on
scientific-technical cooperation. At CERN, the
construction of the most powerful accelerator in the
world - LHC (Large Hadron Collider) with four detec-
tors ATLAS, CMS, ALICA, LHC-b is being completed.
The complex is expected to be put into operation in
2007. The facilities will be used to investigate the most
fundamental problems of subnuclear matter. It should be
particularly emphasized that here one of the problems is
the search for a new type of particles (superparticles)
predicted by the supersymmetry theory that was created
at NSC KIPT by D.V. Volkov.
By the CMS collaboration (L.G. Levchuk as a
spoke person), together with the “Monocrystal”
Institute, about 22 000 scintillation plates were made for
the front hadronic calorimeter of the CMS detector. The
tests for the quality of the plates have demonstrated that
they fully meet the requirements of the project.
At NSC KIPT, the first line of a specialized
Linux-Cluster has been created, where calculations are
made to elucidate the possibility of observing (with the
CMS detector) the Higgs boson with a mass of up to
1000 GeV, and also, of generating the proton-proton
interaction events at an energy of 15 GeV in the context
of the collaboration program on the preparation for
processing the experimental data.
Six thousand events (total information volume
of about 6 Giga-bytes) were generated and
communicated via Internet to the CERN Data Base. The
Cluster is already now an acting cell of the international
network GRID being created to solve current problems
of HEP (calculations, simulation and processing of
experimental data). The immediate tasks call for a two-
fold increase in the computational powers of the Cluster
by the end of 2002, and a sequential build-up of the
channel capacity up to about 1 Giga-byte by 2007.
By the ALICE collaboration (N.I. Maslov as a
spoke person), the characteristics of microstrip detectors
are investigated for the inner tracking system of the
ALICE detector; for this purpose the present-day
experimental facilities have been created.
Simultaneously, the work is being done to use these
detectors for applied purposes, e.g., in medical
tomographs.
By the LHC collaboration (Yu.N. Ranyuk as a
spoke person), the Institute participates in the creation
of the hadron detector; for this purpose the production
of special steel components is launched at the Institute.
The work is being performed according to schedule.
The main goal of international collaboration is
the participation of our specialists in obtaining,
processing and interpreting the experimental data on the
basis of present-day theories. And if our participation is
restricted only to creating facilities at foreign
accelerators, then, in the strict sense, it won’t fully
justify our expenditures and efforts.
All civilized countries, without exception,
whether large or small, support the HEP investigations.
They realize that the present-day scientific-technical
revolution is the result of research into the fundamental
properties of the matter, and these investigations must
be continued.
Up to now, there has been no direct utilization
of HEP results obtained. But it should be recollected
that up to the thirties of the last century there were little
who expected any practical applications from nuclear
physics. Moreover, in the middle thirties there were
attempts at the Leningrad Physical-Technical Institute to
put an end to nuclear subjects.
Yet, the “by-product” of HEP has already
found wide application, e.g., the world network WWW,
computers, superconductivity, tomography, accelerating
facilities. It is quite possible that the power engineering
problems will be solved on the basis of HEP scientific-
technical developments. And it is not inconceivable that
the worldwide GRID system (being developed for
distributed calculations, data bases, HEP data
processing), where our Institute is already participating,
will become the base for revolutionary changes in the
sphere of science similarly to what has happened with
the WWW system for informatics.
A tremendous role belongs to HEP in creating
the intellectual potential of the community, in preparing
the highest qualification specialists, and in the
organization of education.
The estimates of economists show that the “by-
product” has already given the benefit that several
orders of magnitude exceed the costs expended for HEP
investigations. The current stage and the trends in the
HEP development are characterized by an increasingly
growing international cooperation, integration of
technical and intellectual potentials of states. The degree
of participation demonstrates the scientific-technical
level of states and strengthens their international
authority.
In Ukraine, the NSC KIPT still retains the
scientific-technical potential that is capable to gain the
worthy place of the country in HEP investigations
provided that not in a very distant future the State starts
to give the appropriate support to this most basic field of
physical science.
REFERENCES
1. The George Washington University, Center for
Nuclear Studies, Data Analysis Center.
http://gwdac.phys.gwu.edu
2. G. Blanpied et al. (The LEGS Collaboration).
N→∆ transition and proton polarizabilities from
measurements of p( γγ ,
), p( ,γ
π0), and p( ,γ
π+) //
Phys. Rev. C. 2001, v. 64, 025003, 57 p.
10
P.V. Sorokin
REFERENCES
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-110604 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-27T15:35:02Z |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Sorokin, P.V. 2017-01-05T18:27:21Z 2017-01-05T18:27:21Z 2003 Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) / P.V. Sorokin // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2003. — № 2. — С. 8-10. — Бібліогр.: 2 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.85 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110604 The report delivered at celebration of the 70-th anniversary of work on artificial splitting the lithium nucleus with protons in NSC KIPT Доповідь на святкуванні в ХФТІ 70-ї річниці штучного розщеплення ядра літію протонами. Доклад на праздновании в ХФТИ 70-й годовщины искусственного расщепления ядра лития протонами. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Articles presented on the jubilee scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the atomic nucleus disintegration (Kharkov , 10 October 2002 ) Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) Дослідження по фізиці високих енергій в ННЦ ХФТІ (до 70-ї річниці розщеплення ядра літію) Исследования по физике высоких энергий в ХФТИ (к 70-летию расщепления ядра лития) Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) Sorokin, P.V. Articles presented on the jubilee scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the atomic nucleus disintegration (Kharkov , 10 October 2002 ) |
| title | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) |
| title_alt | Дослідження по фізиці високих енергій в ННЦ ХФТІ (до 70-ї річниці розщеплення ядра літію) Исследования по физике высоких энергий в ХФТИ (к 70-летию расщепления ядра лития) |
| title_full | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) |
| title_fullStr | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) |
| title_short | Research in high-energy physics at NSC KIPT (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) |
| title_sort | research in high-energy physics at nsc kipt (70-th anniversary of lithium nucleus disintegration) |
| topic | Articles presented on the jubilee scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the atomic nucleus disintegration (Kharkov , 10 October 2002 ) |
| topic_facet | Articles presented on the jubilee scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the atomic nucleus disintegration (Kharkov , 10 October 2002 ) |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110604 |
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