Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste
A variant of a separating device based on the plasma-beam discharge is considered, including: processes of radioactive material (SF and RAW) ionization; evaluation of the mass-production capacity of the device with taking into account the atomic weight of the separated substance and the spatial-dens...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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| Дата: | 2008 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2008
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| Цитувати: | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste / A.M. Yegorov , E.I. Skibenko, Yu.V. Kovtun, V.B. Yuferov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2008. — № 6. — С. 147-149. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860245762053505024 |
|---|---|
| author | Yegorov, A.M. Skibenko, E.I. Kovtun, Yu.V. Yuferov, V.B. |
| author_facet | Yegorov, A.M. Skibenko, E.I. Kovtun, Yu.V. Yuferov, V.B. |
| citation_txt | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste / A.M. Yegorov , E.I. Skibenko, Yu.V. Kovtun, V.B. Yuferov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2008. — № 6. — С. 147-149. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | A variant of a separating device based on the plasma-beam discharge is considered, including: processes of radioactive material (SF and RAW) ionization; evaluation of the mass-production capacity of the device with taking into account the atomic weight of the separated substance and the spatial-density characteristics of the plasma used and main power consumption. The consideration enables one to estimate more objectively the potentialities of magneto-plasma separating devices and to determine the method for controlling them.
Розглянуто варіант сепаруючого пристрою на основі пучково-плазмового розряду, у тому числі: процеси іонизації речовини ВЯП і РАВ; оцінка масової продуктивності пристрою з урахуванням атомної ваги виділюваної речовини і просторово-щільністних характеристик використовуваної плазми; оцінка основних енерговитрат. Проведений розгляд дозволяє більш предметно оцінити можливості магніто-плазмових сепараційних пристроїв і визначити спосіб їхнього регулювання.
Рассмотрен вариант сепарирующего устройства на основе пучково-плазменного разряда, в том числе: процессы ионизации вещества ОЯТ и РАО; оценка массовой производительности устройства с учетом атомного веса выделяемого вещества и пространственно-плотностых характеристик используемой плазмы; оценка основных энергозатрат. Проведенное рассмотрение позволяет более предметно оценить возможности магнито-плазменных сепарационных устройств и определить способ их регулирования.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:36:33Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
MAGNETO-PLASMA SEPARATION AS A METHOD
FOR REPROCESSING OF SPENT FUEL AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE
A.M. Yegorov , E.I. Skibenko, Yu.V. Kovtun, V.B. Yuferov
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 61108 Kharkov,
E-mail: Ykovtun@kipt.kharkov.ua
A variant of a separating device based on the plasma-beam discharge is considered, including: processes of
radioactive material (SF and RAW) ionization; evaluation of the mass-production capacity of the device with taking
into account the atomic weight of the separated substance and the spatial-density characteristics of the plasma used and
main power consumption. The consideration enables one to estimate more objectively the potentialities of magneto-
plasma separating devices and to determine the method for controlling them.
PACS: 52.50.Dg; 28.41.Kw
The goal of this work is to carry out a comparative
analysis of magneto-plasma separating devices, operating
and under development, designed for research and
industrial purposes, namely, for separation of radioactive
waste (RAW) and spent fuel (SF). Analysis is based on
the literature [1-5] and original authors’ data [6,7].
A reason for this analysis proceeds, in particular, from
the problematics of building a nuclear fuel cycle in
Ukraine, in the part of developing the SF reprocessing
technology designed for separation of uranium and
plutonium [8].
The use of magneto-plasma separators (MPS) in the
process of SF and RAW reprocessing is possible in the
following cases: first – the use of MPS as a first stage of
SF reprocessing, i.e. separation of uranium dioxide from
the decay products that can permit to concentrate high-
level radioactive wastes (HL RAW) the most compactly
in the solid form on the receiving plates; second –
reprocessing of RAW formed at radiochemical plants
after chemical SF reprocessing. In the both cases the
“partial separation” is under consideration [7].
Excitation in the plasma-beam discharge of different
branches of high-frequency and lw-frequency oscillations
necessary for plasma particle heating results in that there
is no need to use external radio-frequency oscillators for
plasma heating and heating up [9-11].
The distinct features of this device, in comparison
with existing analogs, are: the method of plasma
formation and heating, opportunity to use the evaporating
and sputtering mechanisms of working substance feeding
into the discharge, design simplification due to the non-
use of external rf oscillators and internal antenna setups
for plasma formation and heating, as well as, decreased
severity of requirements to magnetic system parameters
and lowering the power consumption for plasma
formation and heating.
In the plasma, formed and heated to the temperature Ti
in the longitudinal magnetic field, ions with different
masses have different Larmor radii. Using different
Larmor radii it is possible to separate “light” and “heavy”
ions i.e. “heavy ions” are depositing on the cylindrical
parts of the tank, and “light ions” go out and are
depositing on the edge electrodes.
Of an essential interest for separation technologies
designed for RAW and SF reprocessing is the
consideration of elementary processes taking place in the
RAW and SF ionization. A nomenclature of particles,
participating and being formed as a result of elementary
processes at the initial discharge stage, consists of the
following molecules, atoms and ions: UO2, UO, U, O2,
U+, O+, O2
+ and others. Here it is necessary to distinguish
the main elementary processes in the physics of atomic
and electron collisions: ionization and excitation by
electron impact, dissociation and dissociative ionization
by electron impact.
The time for reaching the plasma density of ~1011сm-3
at the expense of primary beam electrons is 1 ms. In the
case of the ionization by plasma secondary electrons
(exponential discharge stage) the time of reaching the
plasma density of ~ 2 1011 сm-3 is 28 μs at Те=100eV and
53 μs at Те=20eV.
For the separation of a substance into elements the
output of magneto-plasma separators can be written as
follows:
peff vKrnMm ⋅⋅
+
⋅⋅⋅⋅∆⋅=
•
.
2
maxmax 2γ
γπµ , (1)
where M it the atomic weight, g; ∆μ is the element
percentage in the substance; nmax is the maximum plasma
density; rmax is the maximum radius of plasma formation
(flux); γ is the index of a power; Keff. is the separator
efficiency coefficient; vp is the plasma flux velocity.
Using expression (1) we calculated the efficiency of
the device OPN-1 [6,7] taking into account the service
time taken as about 10% of the device operation time
value (see Fig.1). The reprocessed fuel output can reach
12-18 t/year if the separator efficiency coefficient is
0.5 − 0.8.
As it follows from equations (1) the separator output
can depend on the plasma density spatial distribution form
being used in the separator. Investigation and comparison
were carried out for three types of a discharge: rf
discharge, plasma-beam discharge and reflection-type
discharge (RD).
In the first case, the device APMF-DEMO [12], the
plasma is formed using a 4-turn two rf antenna with an
internal radius of 0.413 m, generation frequency
ω/2π = 6 МHz, power of 3 MW. It has been established
that the profile Te has a uniform character in the range
from 2 to 4 eV, and the plasma density profile has either
one maximum in the peripheral region of the plasma
column or once more additional maximum in its center
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2008. № 6. 147
Series: Plasma Physics (14), p. 147-149.
mailto:Ykovtun@kipt.kharkov.ua
depending on the variant of rf power supply phasing of
the antenna rings (Fig.2, curves 1 and 2).
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
К
eff
Kg/day
Fig.1. Mass output of the separator for different values of
the efficiency coefficient
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
0 , 0 0 , 2 0 , 4 0 , 6 0 ,8 1 ,0
0, 0
0, 2
0, 4
0, 6
0, 8
1, 0
0 , 0 0 , 2 0 , 4 0 , 6 0 ,8 1 ,0
0, 0
0, 2
0, 4
0, 6
0, 8
1, 0
0 , 0 0 , 2 0 , 4 0 , 6 0 ,8 1 ,0
0, 0
0, 2
0, 4
0, 6
0, 8
1, 0
0 , 0 0 , 2 0 , 4 0 , 6 0 ,8 1 ,0
0, 0
0, 2
0, 4
0, 6
0, 8
1, 0
n
p
/n
max
r
p
/r
max
1
2
3 4
5
Fig. 2. Radial distribution of the argon plasma density
distribution in the separating devices of a different class
operating upon different principles of plasma formation
and heating. 1 – Archimedes separator, B0=0.16Т, 0000
phase, nmax=1.49 1013 сm-3, rmax=0.44m; 2 –Archimedes
separator, B0=0.16Т, 0π0π phase, nmax=1.49 1013 сm-3,
rmax=0.44m; 3 – plasma-beam discharge, B0=0.2Т,
nmax=2.5 1014 сm-3, rmax=0.024m; 4 – plasma-beam
discharge, B0=0.1Т, nmax=1.2 1014 сm-3 , rmax=0.024m;
5 – reflection-type discharge, B0=0.15Т,
nmax=1.7 1013 сm-3 , rmax=0.05m
The experimental investigation of beam plasma spatial
(BPS) characteristics was carried out at electron beam
energy Ee ≤ 30keV, current Ie ≤ 20А and injection
duration ~ 400μs. The obtained experimental data were
used to find the plasma density spatial distributions in the
cross section of the plasma column (Fig.2, curves 3 and
4). At a low magnetic field strength (B0 < 0.3Т), that
corresponds to the “partial separation” mode of separator
operation, the plasma density distribution nP=f(r) is close
to the uniform one (see Fig.2, curves 3 and 4) with a
significant density gradient near the trap wall.
For the reflection discharge with dimensions L= 1.5m,
Ø = 0.2m, the discharge and plasma parameters Ip ~ 1kА,
Up ≤ 4.5 кV, B0 ≤ 0.6Т, np ~ 2 1013 сm-3, Te ≤ 50eV,
Ti ≤ 10eV the profile of plasma density spatial distribution
was obtained using the rf interferometer on the wave
length λ = 8 mm (Fig.2, curve 5). One can see that the
plasma density spatial distribution has a uniform character
similar to the PBD distribution.
The plasma column cross-section areas for profiles 1
and 5 (Fig.2) differ by a factor of 2 - 2.5 that can
essentially influence on the separator output. Therefore, it
is reasonable to select a discharge type providing the
distribution profile nP=f(r) close to the uniform one
(curves 4,5 in Fig.2).
Let us estimate the power consumption for the device
OPN-1 in the following channels: solid substance
transformation in vapor Wph; working substance vapor
ionization and plasma heating Wp; magnetic field
formation WB; maintenance of the working pressure in the
MPS vacuum chamber Wv. The estimation of the
minimum power consumption Wph for plasma flux
maintenance at a level of 2.2·1021 uranium particle/s,
provided that the vapor input into the ionization chamber
occurs without losses and with 100% ionization, gives the
power value of ~70 kW for the electron-ray evaporator.
Taking into account the previous experimentally
measured value of the ratio rp/rb ~ 5 – 10 (rp is the plasma
radius, rb is the electron beam radius) we obtain that in the
present project at rp = 50 cm rb should be no less than
10 − 5 cm. For this, one needs electron beams of a large
aperture and, respectively, cathodes with a large emitting
surface of ~ 200 – 400 сm2. For formation of an electron
beam with a current density of 1–2 А/сm2 the power can
be from 1 to 4 MW. The creation of a uniform magnetic
film with the strength of an order of 0.15 T in the volume
of 3.14 m3 will require the power WB of an order of
0.2 MW.
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
0,1
1
10
100
B, T
WB / Wtotal ,%
Archimedes Plasma Mass Filter (DEMO)
Fig.3. Specific fraction of power consumption for
creation of the magnetic field in the total energy balance
providing the operation of the separation device OPN-1
as a function of the magnetic field strength
The power consumption fraction for creation of the
magnetic field WB is not a constant value and depends on
the experiment purpose, as well as, on the mode and
objectives of device operation, see Fig.3. In the mode of
RAW “partial separation” the fraction of power
consumption by the B-field does not exceed 2-3 % of the
148
total power consumption, in the mode of heavy element
“complete separation” it is of about 10%, in the mode of
some heavy isotope enrichment it is to 50%. The high
value of the magnetic field B > 0.5-1 T is also necessary
to increase the efficiency of plasma formation and heating
in the devices with large plasma volumes (> 0.5 m3). The
power consumption Wv for maintenance of the working
pressure in the MPS vacuum chamber using the cryogenic
vacuum pumps with a pumping speed of 18000 l/s will be
~ 20 kW for a pump.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of tests on the possibility of using the
magneto-plasma separation technologies for SF and RAW
reprocessing show the following:
1. Among new developments of a certain interest is a
separating device based on the plasma-beam discharge,
which possesses a fairly effective mechanism of plasma
formation and heating with given parameters and does not
require the use of external rf-power oscillators and special
antenna setups.
2. It has been established, that the output of the
separating device depends in a considerable degree, on
the plasma density spatial distribution profile in its cross-
section. For the plasma-beam discharge and reflection-
type discharge the distribution profiles nP=f(r) are
optimum ones.
3. The total and specific power consumptions through
the consumption channel were estimated. The power
consumption for B-field creation depends on the mode of
separator operation.
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Article received 30.09.08.
МАГНИТОПЛАЗМЕННАЯ СЕПАРАЦИЯ, КАК СРЕДСТВО ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОЯТ И РАО
А.М. Егоров, Е.И. Скибенко, Ю.В. Ковтун, В.Б. Юферов
Рассмотрен вариант сепарирующего устройства на основе пучково-плазменного разряда, в том числе:
процессы ионизации вещества ОЯТ и РАО; оценка массовой производительности устройства с учетом атомного
веса выделяемого вещества и пространственно-плотностых характеристик используемой плазмы; оценка
основных энергозатрат. Проведенное рассмотрение позволяет более предметно оценить возможности магнито-
плазменных сепарационных устройств и определить способ их регулирования.
МАГНІТОПЛАЗМОВА СЕПАРАЦІЯ, ЯК ЗАСІБ ПЕРЕРОБКИ ВЯП І РАВ
О.М. Єгоров, Є.І. Скібенко, Ю.В. Ковтун, В.Б. Юферов
Розглянуто варіант сепаруючого пристрою на основі пучково-плазмового розряду, у тому числі: процеси
іонизації речовини ВЯП і РАВ; оцінка масової продуктивності пристрою з урахуванням атомної ваги
виділюваної речовини і просторово-щільністних характеристик використовуваної плазми; оцінка основних
енерговитрат. Проведений розгляд дозволяє більш предметно оцінити можливості магніто-плазмових
сепараційних пристроїв і визначити спосіб їхнього регулювання.
149
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-110767 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:36:33Z |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Yegorov, A.M. Skibenko, E.I. Kovtun, Yu.V. Yuferov, V.B. 2017-01-06T11:43:03Z 2017-01-06T11:43:03Z 2008 Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste / A.M. Yegorov , E.I. Skibenko, Yu.V. Kovtun, V.B. Yuferov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2008. — № 6. — С. 147-149. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.50.Dg; 28.41.Kw https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110767 A variant of a separating device based on the plasma-beam discharge is considered, including: processes of radioactive material (SF and RAW) ionization; evaluation of the mass-production capacity of the device with taking into account the atomic weight of the separated substance and the spatial-density characteristics of the plasma used and main power consumption. The consideration enables one to estimate more objectively the potentialities of magneto-plasma separating devices and to determine the method for controlling them. Розглянуто варіант сепаруючого пристрою на основі пучково-плазмового розряду, у тому числі: процеси іонизації речовини ВЯП і РАВ; оцінка масової продуктивності пристрою з урахуванням атомної ваги виділюваної речовини і просторово-щільністних характеристик використовуваної плазми; оцінка основних енерговитрат. Проведений розгляд дозволяє більш предметно оцінити можливості магніто-плазмових сепараційних пристроїв і визначити спосіб їхнього регулювання. Рассмотрен вариант сепарирующего устройства на основе пучково-плазменного разряда, в том числе: процессы ионизации вещества ОЯТ и РАО; оценка массовой производительности устройства с учетом атомного веса выделяемого вещества и пространственно-плотностых характеристик используемой плазмы; оценка основных энергозатрат. Проведенное рассмотрение позволяет более предметно оценить возможности магнито-плазменных сепарационных устройств и определить способ их регулирования. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Plasma electronics Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste Магнітоплазмова сепарація, як засіб переробки ВЯП і РАВ Магнитоплазменная сепарация, как средство переработки ОЯТ и РАО Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste Yegorov, A.M. Skibenko, E.I. Kovtun, Yu.V. Yuferov, V.B. Plasma electronics |
| title | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste |
| title_alt | Магнітоплазмова сепарація, як засіб переробки ВЯП і РАВ Магнитоплазменная сепарация, как средство переработки ОЯТ и РАО |
| title_full | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste |
| title_fullStr | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste |
| title_short | Magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste |
| title_sort | magneto-plasma separation as a method for reprocessing of spent fuel and radioactive waste |
| topic | Plasma electronics |
| topic_facet | Plasma electronics |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/110767 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yegorovam magnetoplasmaseparationasamethodforreprocessingofspentfuelandradioactivewaste AT skibenkoei magnetoplasmaseparationasamethodforreprocessingofspentfuelandradioactivewaste AT kovtunyuv magnetoplasmaseparationasamethodforreprocessingofspentfuelandradioactivewaste AT yuferovvb magnetoplasmaseparationasamethodforreprocessingofspentfuelandradioactivewaste AT yegorovam magnítoplazmovaseparacíââkzasíbpererobkivâpírav AT skibenkoei magnítoplazmovaseparacíââkzasíbpererobkivâpírav AT kovtunyuv magnítoplazmovaseparacíââkzasíbpererobkivâpírav AT yuferovvb magnítoplazmovaseparacíââkzasíbpererobkivâpírav AT yegorovam magnitoplazmennaâseparaciâkaksredstvopererabotkioâtirao AT skibenkoei magnitoplazmennaâseparaciâkaksredstvopererabotkioâtirao AT kovtunyuv magnitoplazmennaâseparaciâkaksredstvopererabotkioâtirao AT yuferovvb magnitoplazmennaâseparaciâkaksredstvopererabotkioâtirao |