The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing
The process of diffusion welding of copper with molybdenum in the vacuum through the layers modified by ion-beam processing is investigated. The distinctive features of diffusion interaction of copper and molybdenum are determined using the radioactive tracer technique. The possibility of substantia...
Збережено в:
| Дата: | 2015 |
|---|---|
| Автори: | , , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України
2015
|
| Назва видання: | Металлофизика и новейшие технологии |
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/111737 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing / V. F. Mazanko, H. K. Kharchenko, T. R. Hanieiev, O. O. Novomlynets, I. V. Zavalna // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2015. — Т. 37, № 2. — С. 233-241. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-111737 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1117372025-02-23T17:17:03Z The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing Відмінні особливості дифузійної взаємодії міді та молібдену при зварюванні тиском через модифіковані іонною обробкою прошарки Отличительные особенности диффузионного взаимодействия меди и молибдена при сварке давлением через модифицированные ионной обработкой прослойки Mazanko, V.F. Kharchenko, H.K. Hanieiev, T.R. Novomlynets, O.O. Zavalna, I.V. Дефекты кристаллической решётки The process of diffusion welding of copper with molybdenum in the vacuum through the layers modified by ion-beam processing is investigated. The distinctive features of diffusion interaction of copper and molybdenum are determined using the radioactive tracer technique. The possibility of substantial influence of changing the critical parameters of the mode of ion-beam processing of surface layer of the welded material on the sizes of interaction zone and mechanical properties of the joint weld is shown. Expediency of previous modification of molybdenum surface with copper in the process of diffusion welding of copper with the molybdenum in the vacuum is established. Досліджено процес дифузійного зварювання у вакуумі міді з молібденом через модифіковані йонним обробленням прошарки. За допомогою методи радіоактивних ізотопів визначено особливості дифузійної взаємодії міді з молібденом. Показано, що, змінюючи основні параметри режиму йонного оброблення поверхневого шару зварного матеріялу, можна істотно впливати на розміри зони взаємодії та механічні властивості зварного з’єднання. Встановлено доцільність при дифузійному зварюванні у вакуумі міді з молібденом попередньої модифікації поверхні молібдену міддю. Исследован процесс диффузионной сварки в вакууме меди с молибденом через модифицированные ионной обработкой прослойки. С помощью метода радиоактивных изотопов определены особенности диффузионного взаимодействия меди с молибденом. Показано, что, изменяя основные параметры режима ионной обработки поверхностного слоя сварного материала, можно существенно влиять на размеры зоны взаимодействия и механические свойства сварного соединения. Установлена целесообразность при диффузионной сварке в вакууме меди с молибденом предварительной модификации поверхности молибдена медью. 2015 Article The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing / V. F. Mazanko, H. K. Kharchenko, T. R. Hanieiev, O. O. Novomlynets, I. V. Zavalna // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2015. — Т. 37, № 2. — С. 233-241. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 1024-1809 PACS: 52.77.Dq, 68.35.Fx, 81.05.Bx, 81.15.Jj, 81.20.Vj, 81.40.Vw, 81.40.Wx https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/111737 en Металлофизика и новейшие технологии application/pdf Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Дефекты кристаллической решётки Дефекты кристаллической решётки |
| spellingShingle |
Дефекты кристаллической решётки Дефекты кристаллической решётки Mazanko, V.F. Kharchenko, H.K. Hanieiev, T.R. Novomlynets, O.O. Zavalna, I.V. The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing Металлофизика и новейшие технологии |
| description |
The process of diffusion welding of copper with molybdenum in the vacuum through the layers modified by ion-beam processing is investigated. The distinctive features of diffusion interaction of copper and molybdenum are determined using the radioactive tracer technique. The possibility of substantial influence of changing the critical parameters of the mode of ion-beam processing of surface layer of the welded material on the sizes of interaction zone and mechanical properties of the joint weld is shown. Expediency of previous modification of molybdenum surface with copper in the process of diffusion welding of copper with the molybdenum in the vacuum is established. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Mazanko, V.F. Kharchenko, H.K. Hanieiev, T.R. Novomlynets, O.O. Zavalna, I.V. |
| author_facet |
Mazanko, V.F. Kharchenko, H.K. Hanieiev, T.R. Novomlynets, O.O. Zavalna, I.V. |
| author_sort |
Mazanko, V.F. |
| title |
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing |
| title_short |
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing |
| title_full |
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing |
| title_fullStr |
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing |
| title_sort |
distinctive features of diffusion interaction of copper and molybdenum under pressure welding through the layers modified by ion-beam processing |
| publisher |
Інститут металофізики ім. Г.В. Курдюмова НАН України |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| topic_facet |
Дефекты кристаллической решётки |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/111737 |
| citation_txt |
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers Modified by Ion-Beam Processing / V. F. Mazanko, H. K. Kharchenko, T. R. Hanieiev, O. O. Novomlynets, I. V. Zavalna // Металлофизика и новейшие технологии. — 2015. — Т. 37, № 2. — С. 233-241. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Металлофизика и новейшие технологии |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT mazankovf thedistinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT kharchenkohk thedistinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT hanieievtr thedistinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT novomlynetsoo thedistinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT zavalnaiv thedistinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT mazankovf vídmínníosoblivostídifuzíjnoívzaêmodíímídítamolíbdenuprizvarûvannítiskomčerezmodifíkovanííonnoûobrobkoûprošarki AT kharchenkohk vídmínníosoblivostídifuzíjnoívzaêmodíímídítamolíbdenuprizvarûvannítiskomčerezmodifíkovanííonnoûobrobkoûprošarki AT hanieievtr vídmínníosoblivostídifuzíjnoívzaêmodíímídítamolíbdenuprizvarûvannítiskomčerezmodifíkovanííonnoûobrobkoûprošarki AT novomlynetsoo vídmínníosoblivostídifuzíjnoívzaêmodíímídítamolíbdenuprizvarûvannítiskomčerezmodifíkovanííonnoûobrobkoûprošarki AT zavalnaiv vídmínníosoblivostídifuzíjnoívzaêmodíímídítamolíbdenuprizvarûvannítiskomčerezmodifíkovanííonnoûobrobkoûprošarki AT mazankovf otličitelʹnyeosobennostidiffuzionnogovzaimodejstviâmediimolibdenaprisvarkedavleniemčerezmodificirovannyeionnojobrabotkojproslojki AT kharchenkohk otličitelʹnyeosobennostidiffuzionnogovzaimodejstviâmediimolibdenaprisvarkedavleniemčerezmodificirovannyeionnojobrabotkojproslojki AT hanieievtr otličitelʹnyeosobennostidiffuzionnogovzaimodejstviâmediimolibdenaprisvarkedavleniemčerezmodificirovannyeionnojobrabotkojproslojki AT novomlynetsoo otličitelʹnyeosobennostidiffuzionnogovzaimodejstviâmediimolibdenaprisvarkedavleniemčerezmodificirovannyeionnojobrabotkojproslojki AT zavalnaiv otličitelʹnyeosobennostidiffuzionnogovzaimodejstviâmediimolibdenaprisvarkedavleniemčerezmodificirovannyeionnojobrabotkojproslojki AT mazankovf distinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT kharchenkohk distinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT hanieievtr distinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT novomlynetsoo distinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing AT zavalnaiv distinctivefeaturesofdiffusioninteractionofcopperandmolybdenumunderpressureweldingthroughthelayersmodifiedbyionbeamprocessing |
| first_indexed |
2025-11-24T02:19:20Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-24T02:19:20Z |
| _version_ |
1849636432759488512 |
| fulltext |
233
ДЕФЕКТЫ КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ РЕШЁТКИ
PACS numbers:52.77.Dq, 68.35.Fx,81.05.Bx,81.15.Jj,81.20.Vj,81.40.Vw, 81.40.Wx
The Distinctive Features of Diffusion Interaction of Copper
and Molybdenum under Pressure Welding Through the Layers
Modified by Ion-Beam Processing
V. F. Mazanko, H. K. Kharchenko*, T. R. Hanieiev**,
O. O. Novomlynets**, and I. V. Zavalna**
G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine,
36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd.,
UA-03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
*E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute, N.A.S. of Ukraine,
11 Bozhenko Str.,
UA-03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
**Chernihiv National University of Technology,
95 Shevchenko Str.,
UA-14027 Chernihiv, Ukraine
The process of diffusion welding of copper with molybdenum in the vacuum
through the layers modified by ion-beam processing is investigated. The dis-
tinctive features of diffusion interaction of copper and molybdenum are de-
termined using the radioactive tracer technique. The possibility of substan-
tial influence of changing the critical parameters of the mode of ion-beam
processing of surface layer of the welded material on the sizes of interaction
zone and mechanical properties of the joint weld is shown. Expediency of
previous modification of molybdenum surface with copper in the process of
diffusion welding of copper with the molybdenum in the vacuum is estab-
lished.
Досліджено процес дифузійного зварювання у вакуумі міді з молібденом
через модифіковані йонним обробленням прошарки. За допомогою мето-
ди радіоактивних ізотопів визначено особливості дифузійної взаємодії
міді з молібденом. Показано, що, змінюючи основні параметри режиму
йонного оброблення поверхневого шару зварного матеріялу, можна істот-
но впливати на розміри зони взаємодії та механічні властивості зварного
з’єднання. Встановлено доцільність при дифузійному зварюванні у ваку-
умі міді з молібденом попередньої модифікації поверхні молібдену міддю.
Исследован процесс диффузионной сварки в вакууме меди с молибденом
через модифицированные ионной обработкой прослойки. С помощью ме-
Металлофиз. новейшие технол. / Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.
2015, т. 37, № 2, сс. 233—241
Оттиски доступны непосредственно от издателя
Фотокопирование разрешено только
в соответствии с лицензией
2015 ИМФ (Институт металлофизики
им. Г. В. Курдюмова НАН Украины)
Напечатано в Украине.
234 V. F. MAZANKO, H. K. KHARCHENKO, T. R. HANIEIEV et al.
тода радиоактивных изотопов определены особенности диффузионного
взаимодействия меди с молибденом. Показано, что, изменяя основные
параметры режима ионной обработки поверхностного слоя сварного ма-
териала, можно существенно влиять на размеры зоны взаимодействия и
механические свойства сварного соединения. Установлена целесообраз-
ность при диффузионной сварке в вакууме меди с молибденом предвари-
тельной модификации поверхности молибдена медью.
Key words: copper, molybdenum, diffusive welding, ion-beam processing,
radioactive tracer technique.
(Received September 9, 2014; in final version, October 17, 2014)
1. INTRODUCTION
Thin interlayers (superdispersed powders of 1 micron thickness which
are applied using different methods) of metals (copper, nickel, cobalt,
etc., as well as their mixtures) with a superdispersed structure are ap-
plied as interfacial layers in the process of diffusive welding of hetero-
geneous materials [1—3]. Moreover, the advantage of such interlayers
is that their presence in a joint leads to substantial intensification of
the process of formation of junctions and provides the mechanical and
thermal activation of surfaces in the process of welding. Their influ-
ence also results in high diffusive activity in the contact zone [4—6],
which is a consequence of extremely small sizes of particles and highly
developed free surface. It is related to the fact that the diffusion coef-
ficient is a structure-sensitive quantity and its effective value can sub-
stantially exceed the equilibrium value involving macroscopic defects
and developed by the system of interface.
This technological method is practically the only variant in the case
when it is necessary to connect metals, which are difficulty welded
qualitatively in the solid state. It concerns the couple of molybdenum—
copper, the combination of which is used to produce various wares in
electrical engineering industry. The distinctive feature of such diffu-
sive couple is absence of solubility of Mo in Cu [7, 8]. This circum-
stance prevents qualitative connection of these metals using diffusion-
welding method.
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
In this work, the results of investigations of the processes of atoms re-
distribution and diffusion rates in the process of diffusion welding of
molybdenum with a copper through the layers modified by ion-beam
processing are presented.
The layer of copper of 1 mkm thick is being deposited on the surface
THE FEATURES OF DIFFUSION INTERACTION OF Cu AND Mo AT WELDING 235
of molybdenum using ion-plasma method. Then, all samples of Мо with
the layer of copper, except the basic ones, are being subjected to the
treatment by ions of argon to create the atomic interaction zone of Мо
with Cu for the purpose of increasing of adhesion. After that, the sam-
ples are being subjected to diffusion welding. The modes of prepara-
tion of samples and their diffusion welding are presented in Table 1.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The number 1 (І) in this case corresponds to the virgin sample. The oth-
er modes differ from the basic one and one from another by the dura-
tion of argon treatment (
Ar
treatment
) and accelerating voltage (Uacceleration)
of such treatment.
The diffusion processes in the interface in the process of welding of
the samples are being studied using the radioactive tracer technique.
The radioactive isotope of nickel
63Ni, which is being inflicted onto the
Мо by the electrolytic method, is used in this work. The thickness of
63Ni layer is about 0.3 micron and the activity–5103
іmp./min. Af-
ter welding process, the samples are cut and disposed on the X-ray
film. Holding on the film comprises about 100 hours. The film is being
scanned photometrically and the concentration distribution of radio-
active isotope of nickel into the both Мо and Cu is obtained. The esti-
mation of values of the diffusion coefficient is conducted using the
methodology described in Ref. [9].
The concentration distribution of the radioactive isotope of nickel
into the both Мо and Cu after the diffusion welding according to the
four modes is presented in the Fig. 1.
The analysis of the presented curves demonstrates that in the pro-
cess of welding the
63Ni penetrates into considerable depths (X zones of
tens and hundreds of microns) into the both Мо and Cu.
The clearly defined curves asymmetry appearing in noticeably
greater penetration depth of
63Ni into the Cu in comparison with Мо
should be noticed. This result can be related to the circumstance that,
TABLE 1. The modes of preparation of samples and their diffusion welding.
No. of
sample
No. of
mode
Тwelding,
С
welding,
min
Ar
treatment,
min
Uacceleration,
V
Р,
kilogram-
force/mm2
Thickness of
Cu layer,
mkm
1 І 950 20 0 0 1.5 1
2 ІІ 950 20 10 1200 1.5 1
3 ІІІ 950 20 20 1200 1.5 1
4 ІV 950 20 20 2000 1.5 1
236 V. F. MAZANKO, H. K. KHARCHENKO, T. R. HANIEIEV et al.
in accordance with the phase diagram of Cu—Ni [10, 11], these metals
within the all range of concentrations have unlimited solubility.
At the same time, the solubility of Ni in Мо and Мо in Ni is substan-
tially limited in accordance with the phase diagram [12—14]. In addi-
tion, it is necessary to take into account the considerable difference in
the melting temperatures of Мо and Cu, 2610С and 1083С respec-
tively [15]. Thus, the temperature in the process of diffusion welding
(950С) is considerably higher for Cu as compared with Мо. Thereby,
the reduced temperature annealing melting
( / )T Т for Cu in this case is 0.88
and that for Мо is 0.37.
The experimental data obtained as a result of concentration—
response curves processing are presented in Table 2 and Figs. 2—5.
As seen from Table 2, the depth of
63Ni distribution in Cu is in all
cases bigger in comparison with Мо. At the same time, the ratio of
these depths is different (see Fig. 2).
Fig. 1. Concentration distribution of
63Ni in Мо and Cu after welding on the
base mode I and on the ІІ, ІІІ, ІV modes (see Table 1).
TABLE 2. The results of concentration—response curves processing.
No. of
sample
X zones,
mkm
Ar
treatment,
min
welding,
min
Uacceleration,
V
Cu MoX X
Cu Mo Cu Mo Cu Mo Cu Mo
1 11 6 — 0 20 20 0 0 1.8
2 26 19 — 10 20 20 1200 1200 1.4
3 45 33 — 20 20 20 1200 1200 1.4
4 60 44 — 20 20 20 2000 2000 1.4
THE FEATURES OF DIFFUSION INTERACTION OF Cu AND Mo AT WELDING 237
Such character of the presented dependence is related to the fact
that the maximal ratio of ХCu/ХМо concerns to the mode I (basic). The
distinctive feature of this mode is the absence of treatment of Мо by
means of applying Cu layer on it by Ar ions. It is obvious that the
treatment of the indicated surface by using Ar results in the mixing of
atoms of the layers that are on Мо. They are copper,
63Ni, and Мо. As a
result, the part of
63Ni atoms penetrates into the Мо and forms a pseu-
do diffusion layer after this treatment. In the process of the subse-
quent diffusion welding,
63Ni atoms diffuse into the Мо from the cer-
tain depth and a total diffusion layer becomes thicker. When the mode
I is applied, these processes do not occur.
Fig. 2. The change of ratio penetration depth (Х) of
63Ni into the both Cu and
Мо depending on the mode of treatment.
Fig. 3. The change of penetration depth of
63Ni into the both Cu () and Мо ()
depending on the mode of treatment.
238 V. F. MAZANKO, H. K. KHARCHENKO, T. R. HANIEIEV et al.
The dependence of penetration depth of
63Ni into the both Cu and Мо
depending on the mode of treatment is presented in Fig. 3.
The dependence of penetration depth of
63Ni into the Мо on duration
of argon ions treatment is presented in Fig. 4.
As Figure 4 shows, the specified dependence has the linear charac-
ter. The increase of treatment time of Мо with applied copper layer by
Ar ions results in the substantial increase of penetration depth of
63Ni
into it, namely, from 6 to 33 mkm. Based on this fact, one can come to
Fig. 4. The dependence of penetration depth of
63Ni into the Мо on the time of
treatment by Ar ions.
Fig. 5. The dependence of penetration depth of
63Ni into the both Cu () and
Мо () depending on the value of accelerating potential during treatment by
ions of argon.
THE FEATURES OF DIFFUSION INTERACTION OF Cu AND Mo AT WELDING 239
the conclusion that, changing the time of treatment of Мо by Ar ions,
it is possible to influence on the sizes of interaction zone of copper with
molybdenum substantially and, at the same time, to control the adhe-
sion value of Cu to Мо. The similar conclusion can be made using the
data presented in Fig. 5.
As Figure 5 demonstrates, the penetration depths of
63Ni into copper
and molybdenum depend substantially on the values of accelerating
potential during molybdenum treatment by ions of argon. These de-
pendences have the linear character. Besides, it should be noted that
the values of penetration zone (X) of
63Ni in copper are considerably
higher as compared with molybdenum.
The important parameter determining mechanical parameters of the
welds is the diffusion coefficient. This parameter characterizes fea-
tures and regularities of interaction of materials in many technologi-
cal processes. Namely, it is very important in chemicothermal treat-
ment, welding and other processes. Owing to such importance, the in-
vestigation of diffusive features of welding copper with molybdenum
with the use of radioactive isotope of
63Ni is presented in this work.
The results of this research are presented in Table 3.
Analysing the data presented in Table 3, one can see that the mobili-
ty of
63Ni in copper is almost 3.5 times as high as compared with mo-
lybdenum. As mentioned above, it can be related to the melting tem-
perature of molybdenum and copper, which almost three times differs
and, at the same time, the solubility of nickel in copper is considerably
higher.
The dependence of logarithms of diffusion coefficients depending on
the modes of treatment and welding is presented in Fig. 6. Therefore,
the mobility of nickel in copper is in all cases higher than that in mo-
lybdenum. Thus, it is clear that the increase of value of diffusion coef-
ficients diminishes in the process of change of the mode of treatment.
The mechanical tests of the obtained welds show that, depending on
the mode of welding, the durability of the weld also changes (see
Fig. 7).
TABLE 3. The distinctive features of diffusive processes in the process of
welding of copper with molybdenum.
No. of
sample
Deff., sm
2/s
Cu Mo
eff. eff.D D
lg(Deff.)
Cu Mo Cu Mo
1 5.110
10 1.510
10 3.4 9.3 9.8
2 3.2210
9 1.010
9 3.22 8.6 9.0
3 8.4410
9 2.2610
9 3.7 8.1 8.7
4 1.510
8 4.310
9 3.5 7.8 8.4
240 V. F. MAZANKO, H. K. KHARCHENKO, T. R. HANIEIEV et al.
As it is presented in Fig. 7, the mechanical characteristics of welds
on pulling after using the mode 4 achieve the durability of the basic
metal–copper. Such result proves the possibility of the use of the con-
sidered method of surface activating in the process of welding of het-
erogeneous metals, which physicochemical and mechanical properties
differ substantially.
4. CONCLUSIONS
1. It is determined that the increase of time of treatment and accelerat-
ing potential under treatment of Мо with copper layer applied on it by
Fig. 6. The dependence of logarithms of diffusion coefficients depending on
the modes of treatment: Cu (), Mo ().
Fig. 7. The dependence of durability of the weld of copper with molybdenum
on the mode of welding.
THE FEATURES OF DIFFUSION INTERACTION OF Cu AND Mo AT WELDING 241
ions of argon allows to extend substantially the sizes of interaction
zone of copper and molybdenum. It is shown that ion-beam treatment
of copper covering on molybdenum allows extending the zone of diffu-
sive interaction in the process of diffusive welding of copper with mo-
lybdenum by 4—5 times in comparison with direct welding.
2. It is shown that ion-beam treatment of copper covering on molyb-
denum allows doubling the durability of the weld of copper with mo-
lybdenum in comparison with welding without treatment.
REFERENCES
1. E. S. Karakozov, V. G. Panaetov, V. E. Tarlavskiy, and А. V. Lyushynskiy,
Svarochnoe Proizvodstvo, No. 10: 18 (1984) (in Russian).
2. L. N. Larikov, А. М. Makara, А. Т. Nazarchuk, and V. М. Fal’chenko,
Fizika i Khimiya Obrabotki Materialov, No. 4: 113 (1971) (in Russian).
3. G. K. Kharchenko and V. G. Tkachenko, Tsvetnye Metally, No. 8: 90 (1996) (in
Russian).
4. V. I. Novikov et al., Svoystva i Primenenie Dispersnykh Poroshkov (Properties
and Application of Dispersed Powders) (Kiev: Naukova Dumka: 1986)
(in Russian).
5. L. N. Paritskaya, Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 11: 44 (1990) (in Russian).
6. А. V. Lyushynskiy, V. F. Mazanko, М. М. Belyakova, and S. P. Vorona,
Svarochnoe Proizvodstvo, No. 6: 10 (1999) (in Russian).
7. М. Hansen and K. Anderko, Structury Dvoynykh Splavov (Constitution of
Binary Alloys) (Moscow: Metallurgizdat:1962), Vol. 2 (Russian translation).
8. M. L. Baskin, А. V. Savin, V. I. Tumanov, and Yu. А. Eijduk, Izv. AN SSSR.
OON, Metallurgiya i Toplivo, No. 4: 111 (1961) (in Russian).
9. P. L. Gruzin, Dokl. AN SSSR, 86, No. 2: 282 (1952) (in Russian).
10. E. A. Felst and R. D. Doherty, J. Inst. Metals, 99, No. 3: 102 (1971).
11. L. S. Palatnik, А. А. Levchenko, А. F. Bogdanova, and V. Е. Terletskiy,
Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 6, No. 3: 540 (1958) (in Russian).
12. N. Baar, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 70: 353 (1911).
13. D. Dreibhoblz, Z. Physic. Chem., 108: 8 (1924).
14. W. Köster and W. Schmidt, Arch. Eisenhüttenw, 8, 23 (1934) (in German).
15. H. V. Samsonov, Fiziko-Khimicheskie Svoystva Elementov: Spravochnik
(Physicochemical Properties of Elements: Reference Book) (Kiev: Naukova
Dumka: 1965) (in Russian).
<<
/ASCII85EncodePages false
/AllowTransparency false
/AutoPositionEPSFiles true
/AutoRotatePages /None
/Binding /Left
/CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%)
/CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1)
/CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2)
/sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1)
/CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Error
/CompatibilityLevel 1.4
/CompressObjects /Tags
/CompressPages true
/ConvertImagesToIndexed true
/PassThroughJPEGImages true
/CreateJobTicket false
/DefaultRenderingIntent /Default
/DetectBlends true
/DetectCurves 0.0000
/ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK
/DoThumbnails false
/EmbedAllFonts true
/EmbedOpenType false
/ParseICCProfilesInComments true
/EmbedJobOptions true
/DSCReportingLevel 0
/EmitDSCWarnings false
/EndPage -1
/ImageMemory 1048576
/LockDistillerParams false
/MaxSubsetPct 100
/Optimize true
/OPM 1
/ParseDSCComments true
/ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true
/PreserveCopyPage true
/PreserveDICMYKValues true
/PreserveEPSInfo true
/PreserveFlatness true
/PreserveHalftoneInfo false
/PreserveOPIComments true
/PreserveOverprintSettings true
/StartPage 1
/SubsetFonts true
/TransferFunctionInfo /Apply
/UCRandBGInfo /Preserve
/UsePrologue false
/ColorSettingsFile ()
/AlwaysEmbed [ true
]
/NeverEmbed [ true
]
/AntiAliasColorImages false
/CropColorImages true
/ColorImageMinResolution 300
/ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleColorImages true
/ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/ColorImageResolution 300
/ColorImageDepth -1
/ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1
/ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeColorImages true
/ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterColorImages true
/ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/ColorACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/ColorImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000ColorImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasGrayImages false
/CropGrayImages true
/GrayImageMinResolution 300
/GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleGrayImages true
/GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/GrayImageResolution 300
/GrayImageDepth -1
/GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2
/GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeGrayImages true
/GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode
/AutoFilterGrayImages true
/GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG
/GrayACSImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/GrayImageDict <<
/QFactor 0.15
/HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1]
>>
/JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/JPEG2000GrayImageDict <<
/TileWidth 256
/TileHeight 256
/Quality 30
>>
/AntiAliasMonoImages false
/CropMonoImages true
/MonoImageMinResolution 1200
/MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
/DownsampleMonoImages true
/MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
/MonoImageResolution 1200
/MonoImageDepth -1
/MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
/EncodeMonoImages true
/MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
/MonoImageDict <<
/K -1
>>
/AllowPSXObjects false
/CheckCompliance [
/None
]
/PDFX1aCheck false
/PDFX3Check false
/PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false
/PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
/PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
/PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfile ()
/PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier ()
/PDFXOutputCondition ()
/PDFXRegistryName ()
/PDFXTrapped /False
/CreateJDFFile false
/Description <<
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
/BGR <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>
/CHS <FEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002>
/CHT <FEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002>
/CZE <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>
/DAN <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>
/DEU <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>
/ESP <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>
/ETI <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>
/FRA <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>
/GRE <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>
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
/HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 5.0 i kasnijim verzijama.)
/HUN <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>
/ITA <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>
/JPN <FEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002>
/KOR <FEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002e>
/LTH <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>
/LVI <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>
/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
/NOR <FEFF004200720075006b00200064006900730073006500200069006e006e007300740069006c006c0069006e00670065006e0065002000740069006c002000e50020006f0070007000720065007400740065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065007200200073006f006d00200065007200200062006500730074002000650067006e0065007400200066006f00720020006600f80072007400720079006b006b0073007500740073006b00720069006600740020006100760020006800f800790020006b00760061006c0069007400650074002e0020005000440046002d0064006f006b0075006d0065006e00740065006e00650020006b0061006e002000e50070006e00650073002000690020004100630072006f00620061007400200065006c006c00650072002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000200065006c006c00650072002000730065006e006500720065002e>
/POL <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>
/PTB <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>
/RUM <FEFF005500740069006c0069007a00610163006900200061006300650073007400650020007300650074010300720069002000700065006e007400720075002000610020006300720065006100200064006f00630075006d0065006e00740065002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002000610064006500630076006100740065002000700065006e0074007200750020007400690070010300720069007200650061002000700072006500700072006500730073002000640065002000630061006c006900740061007400650020007300750070006500720069006f006100720103002e002000200044006f00630075006d0065006e00740065006c00650020005000440046002000630072006500610074006500200070006f00740020006600690020006400650073006300680069007300650020006300750020004100630072006f006200610074002c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020015f00690020007600650072007300690075006e0069006c006500200075006c0074006500720069006f006100720065002e>
/RUS <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>
/SKY <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>
/SLV <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>
/SUO <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>
/SVE <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>
/TUR <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>
/UKR <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>
/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|