Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV
The ⁷Be isotope produced in the upper atmosphere under the action of cosmic radiation is an important factor in population radiation load. A correct determination of the radiation dose coming from this isotope calls for consideration of the photonuclear mechanism of ⁷Be production by the nuclei of o...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2013
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| Cite this: | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV / A.N. Dovbnya1, O.S. Deyev, V.A. Kushnir, V.S. Malyshevsky, T.V. Malykhina, V.V. Mitrochenko, S.A. Perezhogin, A.V. Torgovkin, G.V. Fomin, B.I. Shramenko1 // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2013. — № 6. — С. 192-195. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859826699532763136 |
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| author | Dovbnya, A.N. Deyev, O.S. Kushnir, V.A. Malyshevsky, V.S. Malykhina, T.V. Mitrochenko, V.V. Perezhogin, S.A. Torgovkin, A.V. Fomin, G.V. Shramenko, B.I. |
| author_facet | Dovbnya, A.N. Deyev, O.S. Kushnir, V.A. Malyshevsky, V.S. Malykhina, T.V. Mitrochenko, V.V. Perezhogin, S.A. Torgovkin, A.V. Fomin, G.V. Shramenko, B.I. |
| citation_txt | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV / A.N. Dovbnya1, O.S. Deyev, V.A. Kushnir, V.S. Malyshevsky, T.V. Malykhina, V.V. Mitrochenko, S.A. Perezhogin, A.V. Torgovkin, G.V. Fomin, B.I. Shramenko1 // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2013. — № 6. — С. 192-195. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The ⁷Be isotope produced in the upper atmosphere under the action of cosmic radiation is an important factor in population radiation load. A correct determination of the radiation dose coming from this isotope calls for consideration of the photonuclear mechanism of ⁷Be production by the nuclei of oxygen and nitrogen. The paper gives the experimental yields from A(γ, X)⁷Be nuclear reactions in the bremsstrahlung beam versus the end-point energies of electrons (from 40 to 90 MeV). The mathematical model approach with the GEANT4 class library was used to calculate the spectra of bremsstrahlung incident on the targets. Based on the experimental results, we have calculated the A(γ, X)⁷Be reaction cross-sections for oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Calculated values of photonuclear reaction cross-sections for ⁷Be production by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei were obtained with the use of the TALYS package. Agreement between experimental and calculated results only for ¹²C and ¹⁴N is shown.
Ізотоп ⁷Be, що утворюється у верхніх шарах атмосфери під впливом космічного випромінювання, є важливим чинником радіаційного навантаження на людину. Для правильного визначення дози опромінення від цього ізотопу потрібно ураховувати фотоядерний механізм утворення ⁷Be на ядрах кисню та азоту. Наведено експериментальні залежності виходів ядерних реакцій А(γ, Х) Ве⁷ на пучку гальмівного випромінювання для наступних граничних енергій електронів: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 МеВ. Методом математичного моделювання з використанням GEANT4 розраховані спектри гальмівного випромінювання, що падає на мішені, за результатами експерименту були обчислені перерізи реакцій А(γ, Х) ⁷Ве на кисні, азоті і вуглеці. За допомогою пакету TALYS отримані розрахункові залежності перерізів фотоядерних реакцій утворення 7Ве на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O. Показано частково задовільне узгодження експериментальних та розрахункових результатів.
Изотоп ⁷Ве, образующийся в верхних слоях атмосферы под действием космического излучения, является важным фактором радиационной нагрузки на человека. Для правильного определения дозы облучения от этого изотопа необходим учет фотоядерного механизма образования ⁷Ве на ядрах кислорода и азота. Приведены экспериментальные зависимости выходов ядерных реакций А(γ, Х) ⁷Ве на пучке тормозного излучения для следующих граничных энергий электронов: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 МэВ. Методом математического моделирования с использованием библиотеки классов GEANT4 рассчитаны спектры тормозного излучения, падающего на мишени, по результатам эксперимента были вычислены сечения реакций А(γ, Х) ⁷Ве на кислороде, азоте и углероде. При помощи пакета TALYS получены расчетные зависимости сечения фотоядерных реакций образования ⁷Ве на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O. Показано частично удовлетворительное согласие экспериментальных и расчетных результатов.
|
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №6(88) 192
EXPERIMENTAL CROSS-SECTION EVALUATION DATA FOR
7Be PHOTOPRODUCTION BY 12C, 14N, 16O NUCLEI IN THE ENERGY
RANGE BETWEEN 40…90 MeV
A.N. Dovbnya1, O.S. Deyev1, V.A. Kushnir1, V.S. Malyshevsky2, T.V. Malykhina3,
V.V. Mitrochenko1, S.A. Perezhogin1, A.V. Torgovkin1, G.V. Fomin2, B.I. Shramenko1
1National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine;
2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don;
3V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: bshram@kipt.kharkov.ua
The 7Be isotope produced in the upper atmosphere under the action of cosmic radiation is an important factor in
population radiation load. A correct determination of the radiation dose coming from this isotope calls for considera-
tion of the photonuclear mechanism of 7Be production by the nuclei of oxygen and nitrogen. The paper gives the
experimental yields from A(γ, X)7Be nuclear reactions in the bremsstrahlung beam versus the end-point energies of
electrons (from 40 to 90 MeV). The mathematical model approach with the GEANT4 class library was used to cal-
culate the spectra of bremsstrahlung incident on the targets. Based on the experimental results, we have calculated
the A(γ, X)7Be reaction cross-sections for oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Calculated values of photonuclear reaction
cross-sections for 7Be production by 12C, 14N, 16O nuclei were obtained with the use of the TALYS package.
Agreement between experimental and calculated results only for 12C and 14N is shown.
PACS: 07.85.-m, 87.53.-j
INTRODUCTION
At present, the monitoring of radionuclides content
in the air-ground interface suggests the conclusion that
the radioactivity of ground air is essentially contributed
by a short-lived isotope 7Be of cosmic origin. The 7Be
isotope presents interest not only from the standpoint of
its radioactive effect on biological systems, but also
because it can serve as an indicator of the build-up of
air-supplied pollutants by natural environments [1]. The
last-mentioned property may be conveniently used for
estimating a possible atmospheric pollution and air ex-
change in the environment. Therefore, the investigation
into the mechanisms and regularities of the processes of
7Be generation, transport and migration in the ecosphere
objects and at their interfaces appears rather urgent. It is
considered that the main reactions leading to beryllium
isotope generation in the terrestrial atmosphere take
place at interaction of cosmic rays with nitrogen and
oxygen nuclei [2], which are the principal constituents
of the atmospheric air: 7N14(p, X) 4Be7, 8O16(p, X) 4Be7,
7N14(n, X) 4Be7 and 8O16(n, X) 4Be7. Another possible
mechanism of 7Be generation in the upper atmosphere
may lie in photonuclear reactions.
The literature comprises scarce data on the reactions
of multiparticle photodisintegration of nuclei. For ex-
ample, details for the 6C12(γ, nα) 4Be7 reaction cross-
section can be found in ref. [3], whereas no data on the
reactions 7N14(n, X) 4Be7 and 8O16(n, X) 4Be7 are avail-
able in the literature. Since the mentioned nuclei are the
basic components of atmospheric air, it is just these re-
actions are of particular interest for the analysis of the
photonuclear mechanism of 7Be production in the at-
mosphere.
1. EXPERIMENT
To determine the 7Be photoproduction cross-section
in the А(γ, X)4Be7 reaction, experiments were made to
expose a set of targets comprising oxygen, nitrogen and
carbon to bremsstrahlung at the electron linear accelera-
tor LUE-40 [7]. The energy of accelerated electrons was
varied with a 10 MeV step from 40 to 90 MeV, the cur-
rent being about 4.2 μA. In total, six target irradiation
sessions were carried out. The time of exposure was
varied in order to attain the same dose (charge) in all the
sessions, namely, 12.5 μA·h. The design of the target
assembly is presented in Fig. 1.
The target beam is incident on the converter consist-
ing of 4 tantalum plates, 4 mm in total thickness, with
air gaps in-between to improve heat removal.
e -
Converter
1 2 3 4
Fig. 1. Target assembly for exposure at the accelerator
Immediately behind the converter there were the tar-
gets comprising the nuclei under study: 1-16О, 2-12С,
3-14N, and the molybdenum target 4-Mo used as a check
test piece.
To ensure thermal resistance in the process of expo-
sure, the following materials were used as targets: co-
rundum (Al2O3), high-purity graphite (C) and a highly
compressed aluminum nitride powder (AlN). The de-
sign of the target assembly has made it possible to dis-
pense with water cooling, using instead air blast cool-
ing, which provided prompt access to the targets before
and after their irradiation.
The activity of each target after its irradiation was
measured using the spectrometer complex CANBERRA
InSpector 2000 with an energy resolution of 1.74 keV in
mailto:bshram@kipt.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №6(88) 193
the 1332 keV line and a relative activity measurement
error no more than 6%.
2. CALCULATION AND SIMULATION
RESULTS
To calculate the cross-section for isotope 7Be photo-
production, it is necessary to know the flux density of
bremsstrahlung photons at the site of target location. For
this purpose, a computational modeling was performed
to describe the passage of primary electrons of energies
ranging from 40 to 90 MeV with a 10 MeV step through
the target assembly model having the parameters, which
correspond to the parameters of the experimental target
assembly. For computation purposes, a computer pro-
gram “KIPT” has been developed. The program is writ-
ten in the C++ language in OC Linux with the use of the
Geant 4 class library, version 9.4. The electron beam
diameter was set to be 10 mm, the electron beam distri-
bution was determined using class G4UniformRand.
The parameters of the target assembly model were
described with the use of the methods of class
G4DetectorConstruction (defined were the component
parts of the target assembly model, in particular, the
geometrical parameters and materials, visualization pa-
rameters, etc.). In the description of visualization op-
tions we have put to be visible only tantalum plates
(turquoise blue), alumina (red), carbon (orange), and
aluminum nitride (violet) (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. OpenGL-visualization of the facility fragment
(theta=85°, phi=178°)
For the description of physical processes, the low-
energy electromagnetic process model “Livermore” was
used. In modeling, the gamma-quanta that have passed
through the Al2O3, C and AlN targets were traced.
Fig. 3 shows typical computed energy spectra of
gamma-quanta of energies between 18 and 40 MeV,
which have passed through different targets. The prima-
ry electron energy was Ee = 40 MeV, the number of
primary electrons amounted to Nevents= 6.24⋅106. Similar
spectra have been computed for energies 50, 60, 70, 80
and 90 MeV. Later on, these results were used to calcu-
late cross-sections for 7Be photoproduction by the nu-
clei under study using the “photon-difference” method.
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
0,0
2,0x104
4,0x104
6,0x104
8,0x104
1,0x105
1,2x105
Air 4mm (before Al2O3)
Al2O3
C
AlN
Eγ, MeV
Primary electrons, Ee=40 MeV, Nevents = 6.24*106
N
g
am
m
a
Fig. 3. Energy spectra of bremsstrahlung gamma-
quanta for Ee-= 40 MeV
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
On the basis of target activity measurements, the
7Be yield curves were plotted as functions of electron
beam energy for all the targets under study (Figs. 4-7).
40 50 60 70 80 90
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
Ac
tiv
ity
, k
Bq
Ee, MeV
Mo
Fig. 4. 99Mo activity (yield) in the check test target
versus electron energy
The simulated bremsstrahlung spectrum was con-
volved with the known experimental cross-section for
the 100Мо(γ, n) 99Mo reaction [6] and with the cross-
section, obtained using the program TALYS-1.4, with
the result that the calculated values of 99Mo activity in
the check test target were obtained. The difference be-
tween the measured 99Mo activity value (see Fig. 4) and
the simulated result does not exceed 5…8 %. This con-
firms the adequacy of the technique applied.
40 50 60 70 80 90
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
A
ct
iv
ity
7 B
e,
k
Bq
Ee, MeV
C
Fig. 5. 7Be activity in 12C-target vs electron energy
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №6(88) 194
40 50 60 70 80 90
0
3
6
9
12
A
ct
iv
ity
7
B
e,
k
B
q
Ee, MeV
N
Fig. 6. 7Be activity in 14N-target vs electron energy
40 50 60 70 80 90
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
ct
iv
ity
7 B
e,
k
B
q
Ee, MeV
O
Fig. 7. 7Be activity in 16O-target vs electron energy
The experimental data on 7Be activity in the C, N, O
targets were corrected for the 99Mo yield. In this way the
errors due to nonidentical conditions of different irradia-
tion sessions were reduced in the determination of the
cross-section for 7Be production.
The averaged cross-sections for the 7Be isotope pro-
duction from different targets were calculated by the
following formula:
( ) 24
0
0
101 −⋅− ⋅−⋅⋅⋅Φ
⋅
=
îáët
AV
m
eNm
AA
λσ , (1)
where
σ − is the cross-section (b);
Ф0 − is the γ-quantum flux density (1/cm2·s);
А0 − is the target activity (Bq);
Аm − is the atomic weight of the target isotope;
NAv − is the Avogadro number;
m − is the isotopic mass in the target (g);
λ − is the decay constant of 7Be.
The density of nuclear-active bremsstrahlung gam-
ma-quantum flux was calculated for each energy inter-
val (10 MeV) by subtracting simulated brems-strahlung
spectras for nearby end-point energy value of electron.
The activity difference for boundary energies of each
interval was calculated in a similar way. The resulting
reaction cross-sections σ(E) for 7Be production present
the values averaged over the 10 MeV interval.
It should be noted that the application of the classi-
cal technique of spectrum subtraction, i.e., the photon-
difference method, permits one to obtain a more mono-
chromatic spectrum as compared to the initial brems-
strahlung photon spectrum. A substantial thickness of
the tantalum converter brings up problems concerning
the low-energy part of the difference spectrum, namely,
it ceases to be zero and introduces a significant error
into the cross-section evaluation. So, the determination
of the reaction cross-section σ(E) from the experimental
yield (target activity) actually provides information on
the evaluative cross-section
σо(Е)= ∫ dEEEEF i )()(' σ , (2)
that essentially differs from the sought-for cross-section
σ(E) by the value, by which the difference spectrum
F′(Ei, E) differs from the Schiff residue in the limit of
the δ-function [4].
It is obvious that to estimate the validity of the ob-
tained results, it is necessary to have an independent
method of evaluating cross-sections for the reactions
under study. The program TALYS [5] has been used to
plot 7Be production cross-sections as functions of the
photon energy for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclear
targets (solid curves in Figs. 8-10).
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
cr
os
s-
se
ct
io
n.
m
b
Energy ( Eγ) , MeV
target: 12 C
7Be production
Fig. 8. Cross-section for 7Ве production by 12C nuclei
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
cr
os
s-
se
cti
on
. m
b
Energy ( Eγ) , MeV
target: 14 N
7Be production
Fig. 9. Cross-section for 7Ве production by 14N nuclei
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
0,000
0,005
0,010
0,015
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,035
cr
os
s-
se
ct
io
n.
m
b
Energy ( Eγ) , MeV
target: 16O
7Be production
Fig. 10. Cross-section for 7Ве production by 16O nuclei
The points in the plots show the calculated values of
the evaluative cross-section σ(E).
For the 12C nuclei the cross-section σ(E) for the 7Be
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №6(88) 195
production reactions is in satisfactory agreement with
the cross-section calculated by the TALYS program and
with data [3]. However, for the 14N nuclei (below
60 MeV) and 16O nuclei (in the whole energy range), it
appeared impossible to attain a satisfactory agreement
even with the use of the yield-curve smoothing proce-
dure. Ishkhanov et al. have described [5] the technique
of reconstructing the Ta photodisintegration reaction
yield with the use of the cross-sections calculated by the
TALYS code. In our case with the use of this technique
for reconstructing the yields from the reactions 7N14(γ,
X) 4Be7, 8O16(γ, X) 4Be7, the reaction yields (and hence,
the TALYS cross-section) turn out to be essentially
lower than the experimental reaction yields (σ(E) val-
ues, accordingly). The reasons for this discrepancy may
be attributed to both the experimental and calculation
procedure errors, namely, no consideration was given to
the cluster structure of the emitted reaction products and
to TALYS working peculiarities at escape of a great
amount of nucleons [5].
This work was supported by the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine and by Russian Foundation for
Basic Research Grants № 02-08-12(У) 35-2012.
REFERENCES
1. M.V. Bezuglov, V.S. Malyshevsky, T.V. Malykhina,
G.V. Fomin, A.V. Torgovkin, B.I. Shramenko.
Photonuclear channel of cosmogenic 7Be production
in the terrestrial atmosphere // Yadernaya Fizika.
2012, v. 75, № 4, p. 427-43 (in Russian).
2. M.V. Bezuglov, V.S. Malyshevsky, G.V. Fomin.
T.V. Malykhina, A.V. Torgovkin, B.I. Shramenko.
Photonuclear production of cosmogenic beryllium-7
in the terrestrial atmosphere // Physical Review C 86
024609(2012).
3. V.V. Kirichenko, A.F. Khodyachikh, P.I. Vatset, et
al. // Yadernaya Fizika. 1979, v. 29, p. 572 (in Rus-
sian).
4. V.V. Varlamov, B.S. Ishkhanov, I.M. Kapitonov.
Photonuclear reactions. Present status of experi-
mental data // MGU publ. Moscow. 2008, 304 p.
5. B.S. Ishkhanov, V.N. Orlin, S.Yu. Troshchiyev.
Tantalum photodisintegration // Yadernaya Fizika.
2012, v. 75, № 3, p. 283-292 (in Russian).
6. H. Naik, S.V. Suryanarayana, K.C. Jagadeesan, et al.
An alternative route for the preparation of the medi-
cal isotope 99Mo from the 238U(γ, f) and 100Mo(γ, n)
reactions // Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear
Chemistry. 2013, v. 295, iss. 1, p. 807-816.
7. A.N. Dovbnya, M.I. Ayzatskiy, V.A. Kushnir, et al.
Beam parameters of an S-band electron linac with
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Investigations”. 2006, № 2, p. 11-13.
Article received 16.10.2013
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СЕЧЕНИЯ
ФОТОРОЖДЕНИЯ 7Ве НА ЯДРАХ 12С, 14N,16O В ДИАПАЗОНЕ ЭНЕРГИЙ 40…90 МэВ
А.Н. Довбня, А.С. Деев, В.А. Кушнир, В.С. Малышевский, Т.В. Малыхина, В.В. Митроченко,
С.А. Пережогин, А.В. Торговкин, Г.В. Фомин, Б.И. Шраменко
Изотоп 7Ве, образующийся в верхних слоях атмосферы под действием космического излучения, является
важным фактором радиационной нагрузки на человека. Для правильного определения дозы облучения от
этого изотопа необходим учет фотоядерного механизма образования 7Ве на ядрах кислорода и азота. Приве-
дены экспериментальные зависимости выходов ядерных реакций А(γ, Х) 7Ве на пучке тормозного излучения
для следующих граничных энергий электронов: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 МэВ. Методом математического моде-
лирования с использованием библиотеки классов GEANT4 рассчитаны спектры тормозного излучения, па-
дающего на мишени, по результатам эксперимента были вычислены сечения реакций А(γ, Х) 7Ве на кисло-
роде, азоте и углероде. При помощи пакета TALYS получены расчетные зависимости сечения фотоядерных
реакций образования 7Ве на ядрах 12С, 14N, 16O. Показано частично удовлетворительное согласие экспери-
ментальных и расчетных результатов.
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПЕРЕРІЗІВ
ФОТОУТВОРЕННЯ 7Вe НА ЯДРАХ 12С, 14N, 16O В ДІАПАЗОНІ ЕНЕРГІЙ 40…90 МeВ
А.М. Довбня, О.С. Дeєв, В.А. Кушнір, В.С. Малишевський, Т.В. Малихіна, В.В. Митроченко,
С.О. Пережогін, О.В. Торговкін, Г.В. Фомін, Б.І. Шраменко
Ізотоп 7Ве, що утворюється у верхніх шарах атмосфери під впливом космічного випромінювання, є важ-
ливим чинником радіаційного навантаження на людину. Для правильного визначення дози опромінення від
цього ізотопу потрібно ураховувати фотоядерний механізм утворення 7Ве на ядрах кисню та азоту.
Наведено експериментальні залежності виходів ядерних реакцій А(γ, Х) Ве7 на пучку гальмівного
випромінювання для наступних граничних енергій електронів: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 МеВ. Методом
математичного моделювання з використанням GEANT4 розраховані спектри гальмівного випромінювання,
що падає на мішені, за результатами експерименту були обчислені перерізи реакцій А(γ, Х) 7Ве на кисні,
азоті і вуглеці. За допомогою пакету TALYS отримані розрахункові залежності перерізів фотоядерних реак-
цій утворення 7Ве на ядрах 12С, 14N, 16O. Показано частково задовільне узгодження експериментальних та
розрахункових результатів.
http://link.springer.com/search?facet-author=%22H.+Naik%22
http://link.springer.com/search?facet-author=%22S.+V.+Suryanarayana%22
http://link.springer.com/search?facet-author=%22K.+C.+Jagadeesan%22
http://link.springer.com/journal/10967
http://link.springer.com/journal/10967
http://link.springer.com/journal/10967/295/1/page/1
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-112085 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:29:25Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Dovbnya, A.N. Deyev, O.S. Kushnir, V.A. Malyshevsky, V.S. Malykhina, T.V. Mitrochenko, V.V. Perezhogin, S.A. Torgovkin, A.V. Fomin, G.V. Shramenko, B.I. 2017-01-17T14:51:35Z 2017-01-17T14:51:35Z 2013 Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV / A.N. Dovbnya1, O.S. Deyev, V.A. Kushnir, V.S. Malyshevsky, T.V. Malykhina, V.V. Mitrochenko, S.A. Perezhogin, A.V. Torgovkin, G.V. Fomin, B.I. Shramenko1 // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2013. — № 6. — С. 192-195. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 07.85.-m, 87.53.-j https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112085 The ⁷Be isotope produced in the upper atmosphere under the action of cosmic radiation is an important factor in population radiation load. A correct determination of the radiation dose coming from this isotope calls for consideration of the photonuclear mechanism of ⁷Be production by the nuclei of oxygen and nitrogen. The paper gives the experimental yields from A(γ, X)⁷Be nuclear reactions in the bremsstrahlung beam versus the end-point energies of electrons (from 40 to 90 MeV). The mathematical model approach with the GEANT4 class library was used to calculate the spectra of bremsstrahlung incident on the targets. Based on the experimental results, we have calculated the A(γ, X)⁷Be reaction cross-sections for oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Calculated values of photonuclear reaction cross-sections for ⁷Be production by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei were obtained with the use of the TALYS package. Agreement between experimental and calculated results only for ¹²C and ¹⁴N is shown. Ізотоп ⁷Be, що утворюється у верхніх шарах атмосфери під впливом космічного випромінювання, є важливим чинником радіаційного навантаження на людину. Для правильного визначення дози опромінення від цього ізотопу потрібно ураховувати фотоядерний механізм утворення ⁷Be на ядрах кисню та азоту. Наведено експериментальні залежності виходів ядерних реакцій А(γ, Х) Ве⁷ на пучку гальмівного випромінювання для наступних граничних енергій електронів: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 МеВ. Методом математичного моделювання з використанням GEANT4 розраховані спектри гальмівного випромінювання, що падає на мішені, за результатами експерименту були обчислені перерізи реакцій А(γ, Х) ⁷Ве на кисні, азоті і вуглеці. За допомогою пакету TALYS отримані розрахункові залежності перерізів фотоядерних реакцій утворення 7Ве на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O. Показано частково задовільне узгодження експериментальних та розрахункових результатів. Изотоп ⁷Ве, образующийся в верхних слоях атмосферы под действием космического излучения, является важным фактором радиационной нагрузки на человека. Для правильного определения дозы облучения от этого изотопа необходим учет фотоядерного механизма образования ⁷Ве на ядрах кислорода и азота. Приведены экспериментальные зависимости выходов ядерных реакций А(γ, Х) ⁷Ве на пучке тормозного излучения для следующих граничных энергий электронов: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 МэВ. Методом математического моделирования с использованием библиотеки классов GEANT4 рассчитаны спектры тормозного излучения, падающего на мишени, по результатам эксперимента были вычислены сечения реакций А(γ, Х) ⁷Ве на кислороде, азоте и углероде. При помощи пакета TALYS получены расчетные зависимости сечения фотоядерных реакций образования ⁷Ве на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O. Показано частично удовлетворительное согласие экспериментальных и расчетных результатов. This work was supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and by Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grants № 02-08-12(У) 35-2012. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Применение ускоренных пучков. Детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV Експериментальні результати визначення перерізів фотоутворення ⁷Be на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O в діапазоні енергій 40…90 МeВ Экспериментальные результаты определения сечения фоторождения ⁷Be на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O в диапазоне энергий 40…90 МэВ Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV Dovbnya, A.N. Deyev, O.S. Kushnir, V.A. Malyshevsky, V.S. Malykhina, T.V. Mitrochenko, V.V. Perezhogin, S.A. Torgovkin, A.V. Fomin, G.V. Shramenko, B.I. Применение ускоренных пучков. Детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений |
| title | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV |
| title_alt | Експериментальні результати визначення перерізів фотоутворення ⁷Be на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O в діапазоні енергій 40…90 МeВ Экспериментальные результаты определения сечения фоторождения ⁷Be на ядрах ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O в диапазоне энергий 40…90 МэВ |
| title_full | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV |
| title_fullStr | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV |
| title_short | Experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷Be photoproduction by ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 MeV |
| title_sort | experimental cross-section evaluation data for ⁷be photoproduction by ¹²c, ¹⁴n, ¹⁶o nuclei in the energy range between 40…90 mev |
| topic | Применение ускоренных пучков. Детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений |
| topic_facet | Применение ускоренных пучков. Детекторы и детектирование ядерных излучений |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112085 |
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