The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode
The results of investigations are presented for a rotational gliding arc with liquid electrode. Emission spectra of rotational gliding arc discharge with liquid electrode were investigated. The discharge voltage as a function of airflow rate were measured. Electronic Te*, vibrational Tv* and rotatio...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
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| Cite this: | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode / O.A. Nedybaliuk, O.V. Solomenko, V.Ya. Chernyak, E.V. Martysh, I.I. Fedirchyk, I.V. Prysiazhnevych // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2013. — № 4. — С. 209-212. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860245282328936448 |
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| author | Nedybaliuk, O.A. Solomenko, O.V. Chernyak, V.Ya. Martysh, E.V. Fedirchyk, I.I. Prysiazhnevych, I.V. |
| author_facet | Nedybaliuk, O.A. Solomenko, O.V. Chernyak, V.Ya. Martysh, E.V. Fedirchyk, I.I. Prysiazhnevych, I.V. |
| citation_txt | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode / O.A. Nedybaliuk, O.V. Solomenko, V.Ya. Chernyak, E.V. Martysh, I.I. Fedirchyk, I.V. Prysiazhnevych // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2013. — № 4. — С. 209-212. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | The results of investigations are presented for a rotational gliding arc with liquid electrode. Emission spectra of rotational gliding arc discharge with liquid electrode were investigated. The discharge voltage as a function of airflow rate were measured. Electronic Te*, vibrational Tv* and rotational Tr* temperature were determined. Distribution of temperature along the plasma torch was studied.
Представлено результати дослідження обертової ковзної дуги з рідким електродом. Досліджено спектри випромінювання плазми обертової ковзної дуги з рідким електродом. Виміряно залежність напруги розряду від величини потоку повітря. Визначено електронні Te*, коливні Tv* та обертові Tr* температури. Досліджено розподіл цих температур вздовж плазмового факела.
Представлены результаты исследования вращательной скользящей дуги с жидким электродом. Исследованы спектры излучения плазмы вращательной скользящей дуги с жидким электродом. Измерена зависимость напряжения рaзряда от величины потока воздуха. Определены электронные Te*, колебательные Tv* и вращательные Tr* температуры. Исследовано раcпределение температур вдоль плазменного факела.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:35:53Z |
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №4(86) 209
THE PROPERTIES OF PLASMA-LIQUID SYSTEM WITH ONE LIQUID
ELECTRODE
O.A. Nedybaliuk, O.V. Solomenko, V.Ya. Chernyak, E.V. Martysh, I.I. Fedirchyk,
I.V. Prysiazhnevych
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, Radiophysical Faculty, Kiev, Ukraine
E-mail: oanedybaliuk@gmail.com; chernyak_v@ukr.net
The results of investigations are presented for a rotational gliding arc with liquid electrode. Emission spectra of
rotational gliding arc discharge with liquid electrode were investigated. The discharge voltage as a function of
airflow rate were measured. Electronic Te
*, vibrational Tv
* and rotational Tr
* temperature were determined.
Distribution of temperature along the plasma torch was studied.
PACS: 50., 52., 52.50.Dg
INTRODUCTION
There are three main problems in present plasma
chemistry, that are related to selectivity of plasma trans-
formation of substances, energy efficiency of plasma
technology and the consumption of metallic electrodes
material. The problem of selectivity consists in the fact
that during the plasma-chemical transformation of sub-
stances occur large numbers of chemical reactions.
While it is necessary that the reaction occurred that are
responsible for the formation of the expected product.
This problem is partially solved by using non-
equilibrium plasma. Low-temperature plasma is divided
onto two types by the level of non-equilibrium: plasma
with a temperature of heavy components on the order of
room temperature (dielectric barrier discharge, micro-
discharge) and the so-called "warm" plasma with a tem-
perature more than 1000 K.
When non-equilibrium "warm" plasma is used, the
support of the reforming and combustion of hydrocar-
bon fuels process will be better, since the process of
reforming requires not only the presence of radicals, but
also the appropriate temperature. Moreover, the usage
of plasma at atmospheric pressure or above it needs for
best results.
The problem of energy efficiency of plasma tech-
nologies connected with the fact that plasma generation
is supported by most expensive energy - electricity.
Therefore, a possible way to solve this problem can be
embedding of plasma technologies into the traditional
chemical technologies. Plasma has been effectively in-
jected into the reaction chamber. Chemical processes
must be managed with help of plasma, which it plays a
catalyst role.
Atmospheric pressure plasmas can be created by
various types of discharges: transverse arc; discharge in
gas channel with liquid wall and others. But most of
them aren’t sufficiently stable. Stabilization of high
pressure discharge in powerful plasmatron is attained by
vortex flow of gas [1]. In the low-powered high pressure
discharges the reverse vortex flow “tornado” type can
be used for the space stabilization [2]. Previous investi-
gations were performed only for discharges with solid-
state electrodes. And we have not much information
about discharges with liquid electrodes, which were
stabilized by vortex and reverse vortex flow of gas. Dy-
namic plasma-liquid system using the DC discharge in a
reverse vortex gas flow of tornado type with a "liquid"
electrode was investigated recently [3 - 5]. Plasma-
liquid system (PLS) with rotational gliding arc (RGArc)
with one liquid electrode (LE) is a prototype of RGArc
with solid-state electrodes [6 - 12], but with some modi-
fication, which are interesting for plasma technology.
The peculiarity of plasma-liquid systems usage for
plasmas generation is that they do not require pre-
gasification of the liquid. In this regard, the research and
development of plasma-liquid systems with RGArc with
one liquid electrode for energy technologies is an urgent
task.
1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Schematic view of the plasma-liquid system (PLS)
with rotational gliding arc is shown in Fig. 1.
1
3
2
6 7
4 5
8
9
10
9
A
V
11
12
B
B:
0
r
z
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of experimental setup
It consists of a quartz chamber (1) cylindrical shape,
which hermetically closed metal top and bottom flanges.
The height of the camera is 30 mm and diameter
90 mm. Bottom flange (2) is made of stainless steel. The
upper flange (3) is made of duralumin and contains a
copper sleeve (4) which has a hole in the center (5) di-
ameter of 14 mm and a length of 5 mm. Quartz chamber
(1) filled with liquid (6), its level has been maintained
by the injection pump through the aperture (7). Gas in-
jected into the system through the aperture (8). Gas flow
is introduced tangentially to the quartz cylinder wall (1).
Rotating gas (9) moved along the surface to the axis of
the quartz cylinder (1), where through the aperture (5)
comes out. Plasma torch (10) was formed during the
discharge burning. One end of plasma torch was located
on the surface of the liquid and the other on an external
part of the upper flange. The plasma torch edge, which
was located on the metal surface, is rotating and gliding
in the direction of air flow. The voltage between the
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №4(86) 210
electrodes was supplied by a DC power supply (11).
The power supply provides voltages up to 7 kV. Two
modes of operation can be realized in this system: liquid
(LC) and solid cathode (SC). Emission spectroscopy
was used for diagnostics of plasma. Emission spectra
were registered using a spectral device (12) that consists
of an optical fiber and spectrometer S-150-2-3648 USB.
This spectrometer allows registering the emission spec-
tra in the wavelength range 200…1000 nm.
The distance between surface of liquid and upper
flange was 5 mm. Increased airflow lowers the distance
between the liquid and the top flange, due to the forma-
tion of a cone of liquid on its surface. The breakdown
into gas gap occurred when the distance reached a cer-
tain critical value. However, after the breakdown of gas
gap the discharge was burning even in the absence of
airflow (0 cm3/s). Plasma torch was formed outside of
the reactor after the breakdown of the gas gap. Length
of torch initially increased with air flow increasing,
reaching a length about 150 mm by air flow rate
165 cm3/s, current 380 mA and after that length of torch
began to decrease with airflow increasing.
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The discharge voltage as a function of airflow rate at
different currents is shown in Fig. 2. Mode – "solid"
cathode. The ballast resistance was not used. In the ab-
sence of airflow with increasing current voltage is un-
changed. The supply voltage level increases with the
increase of airflow rate. This may be due to a peculiarity
of the impact of airflow to the discharge burning proc-
ess. For large air flow increased tension ceases and the
voltage is constant. This phenomenon occurs at a larger
value of current when the airflow increases. However,
the behavior of discharge voltage at the current of
260 mA is slightly different if currents up to 300 and
360 mA. This may be due to the fact that liquid cone is
formed on the surface of the liquid cone under the influ-
ence of air flow. Cone formation reduces the distance
between the liquid and the top flange. The cone height
is increased when air flow is growing. However, the
increasing of plasma energy input caused destruction of
this cone. When currents are 300 or 360 mA, cone col-
lapses faster than under current 260 mA. It means that
there is a subdistrict, where the discharge affects mainly
by air flow. If current is growing, the voltage saturates
needs larger air flow.
Fig. 2. The discharge voltage as a function of airflow
rate at different currents
Typical emission spectra of plasma in plasma-liquid
system with rotational gliding arc are shown in Fig. 3.
Emission spectra were measured at the regime SC, cur-
rent 340 mA, voltage 1.9 kV, air flow 165 cm3/s. Bands
of hydroxyl (OH), lines of hydrogen (H), and multiplets
of oxygen (O) atoms are presented on emission spec-
trum of plasma inside (z = 2.5 mm) plasma-liquid sys-
tem. Bands of hydroxyl (OH) and lines of copper (Cu)
atoms are presented on emission spectrum of plasma
outside (z = 30 mm) plasma-liquid system. The plasma
torch increases if water is present. This may be due to
the fact that plasma generates detonating gas, and its
burning increases the plasma torch.
The low intensity of electrode material lines outside
plasma-liquid system and their absence inside (see
Fig. 3), demonstrates the increasing of electrodes life-
time in the RGA plasma discharge. The new state of
system can be stable for an indefinite amount of time.
So, significant advantage of this system is long lifetime
of electrodes.
Fig. 3. Typical emission spectra of plasma inside (z = 2.5 mm) and outside (z = 30 mm) of plasma-liquid system
Temperature Te
* population of excited electronic
levels of the hydrogen atoms H was determined by the
method of relative intensities (by two lines Hα –
656.3 nm and Hβ – 486.1 nm). Temperature population
of excited electronic levels of oxygen atoms O were
determined by the Boltzmann diagrams method (777.2,
844.6, 926.6 nm).
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №4(86) 211
The method of comparing experimentally measured
emission spectra calculated by code SPECAIR [13] to
determine the temperature population of excited vibra-
tional Tv
* and rotational Tr
* levels of hydroxyl OH was
used.
The temperature population of excited electronic
levels of the oxygen atoms O, which is determined by
the Boltzmann diagrams to simulate the bands of hy-
droxyl OH (A–X) was used. The temperature population
of excited vibrational and rotational levels was specified
by SPECAIR [13].
The volume which occupies plasma inside the sys-
tem is on order less than the volume of plasma torch.
Temperature distribution of plasma along the torch is
important, because the plasma torch is injected into the
reaction chamber. Axial distribution of vibrational and
rotational temperature in the plasma torch is shown in
Fig. 4. Emission spectra were registered by the line of
sight. Measurements were carried out at a fixed value of
current – 340 mA and air flow – 165 cm3/s. Mode –
"solid" cathode. z = 0 mm corresponds the measure-
ments along the surface of the liquid, z = 5 mm – along
the bottom surface of the top flange, z = 30 mm – along
the upper surface of the upper flange. There is a one
"dead" zone, in which can not be measured emission
spectra. This is due peculiar structure of the upper
flange.
Plasma torch reached the size to a height of 120 mm
at the air flow 165 cm3/s and current 340 mA. The in-
tensity of the bands of hydroxyl OH decreased with
increasing z. Hydroxyl bands were barely visible at the
maximum accumulation for z = 100 mm. However, the
rotational and vibrational temperature at the values of
z > mm from the emission spectra was difficult to de-
termine. Since the OH bands of low intensity
(274…298 nm) were used for the determination of these
temperatures.
When z = 0 mm (along the surface of the liquid), the
difference between Tv
*(OH) = 3700 ±200 К and
Tr
*(OH) = 3200 ±200 К is 500 K, but at z = 5 mm
(along the bottom surface of the metal flange) they are
equal within the limits of error. At z = 30 mm difference
between Tv
*(OH) = 3500 ±200 К and
Tr
*(OH) = 3000 ±200 К is 500 K. For the
35 ≤ z ≤ 50 mm difference between Tv
*(OH) and
Tr
*(OH) remains constant 700 K, but the absolute values
decrease with increasing z (see Fig. 4).
According to the obtained temperatures population
of excited levels and code SPECAIR unable to deter-
mine the ratio [OH]/[O] between the concentration of
hydroxyl OH and atomic oxygen O. The concentrations
of hydrogen H and hydroxyl OH relative to oxygen O
are shown in Fig. 5. Hydroxyl OH is on six orders of
magnitude smaller than oxygen atoms O. With increas-
ing air flow ratio [OH]/[O] begins to decrease.
This ratio [OH]/[O] has a maximum when the air
flow 165 cm3/s. This may be due to the fact that an in-
creasing of air flow increases the power inputted into
the discharge that way fluid flow increases. With further
increase flow capacity varies little, and the amount of
oxygen that is introduced by the flow increases. The
concentration ratio [H]/[O] by using the calculated spec-
tra according to NIST was determined. The atoms of
hydrogen [H] and oxygen [O] have almost equal values.
Fig. 4. Axial distribution of electronic, vibrational
and rotational temperatures
Fig. 5. The concentrations of hydrogen H and hydroxyl
OH relative to oxygen O
CONCLUSIONS
Plasma is nonisothermic in the torch at the range of z
30…50 mm. The difference between Tv
*(OH) and
Tr
*(OH) is 700 K, and their absolute values decrease
with height of plasma torch (35 ≤ z ≤ 50 mm).
a
b
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2013. №4(86) 212
The main components of the plasma from interelec-
trode gap are OH, O, H, and major components of the
plasma torch are OH, and Cu. The concentration of hy-
droxyl OH was low on six orders of magnitude than the
concentration of oxygen O and hydrogen H atoms.
The presence of water increases the plasma torch.
This may be due to the fact that plasma generates deto-
nating gas, which burning increases the plasma torch.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was partially supported by the Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.
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Article received 16.05.2013.
СВОЙСТВА ПЛАЗМЕННО-ЖИДКОСТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ С ОДНИМ ЖИДКИМ ЭЛЕКТРОДОМ
О.А. Недыбалюк, Е.В. Соломенко, В.Я. Черняк, Е.В. Мартыш, И.И. Федирчик, И.В. Присяжневич
Представлены результаты исследования вращательной скользящей дуги с жидким электродом. Исследо-
ваны спектры излучения плазмы вращательной скользящей дуги с жидким электродом. Измерена зависи-
мость напряжения рaзряда от величины потока воздуха. Определены электронные Te
*, колебательные Tv
* и
вращательные Tr
* температуры. Исследовано раcпределение температур вдоль плазменного факела.
ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ПЛАЗМОВО-РІДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ З ОДНИМ РІДКИМ ЕЛЕКТРОДОМ
О.А. Недибалюк, О.В. Соломенко, В.Я. Черняк, Є.В. Мартиш, І.І. Федірчик, І.В. Присяжневич
Представлено результати дослідження обертової ковзної дуги з рідким електродом. Досліджено спектри
випромінювання плазми обертової ковзної дуги з рідким електродом. Виміряно залежність напруги розряду
від величини потоку повітря. Визначено електронні Te
*, коливні Tv
* та обертові Tr
* температури. Досліджено
розподіл цих температур вздовж плазмового факела.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-112167 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:35:53Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Nedybaliuk, O.A. Solomenko, O.V. Chernyak, V.Ya. Martysh, E.V. Fedirchyk, I.I. Prysiazhnevych, I.V. 2017-01-17T19:53:19Z 2017-01-17T19:53:19Z 2013 The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode / O.A. Nedybaliuk, O.V. Solomenko, V.Ya. Chernyak, E.V. Martysh, I.I. Fedirchyk, I.V. Prysiazhnevych // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2013. — № 4. — С. 209-212. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 50., 52., 52.50.Dg https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112167 The results of investigations are presented for a rotational gliding arc with liquid electrode. Emission spectra of rotational gliding arc discharge with liquid electrode were investigated. The discharge voltage as a function of airflow rate were measured. Electronic Te*, vibrational Tv* and rotational Tr* temperature were determined. Distribution of temperature along the plasma torch was studied. Представлено результати дослідження обертової ковзної дуги з рідким електродом. Досліджено спектри випромінювання плазми обертової ковзної дуги з рідким електродом. Виміряно залежність напруги розряду від величини потоку повітря. Визначено електронні Te*, коливні Tv* та обертові Tr* температури. Досліджено розподіл цих температур вздовж плазмового факела. Представлены результаты исследования вращательной скользящей дуги с жидким электродом. Исследованы спектры излучения плазмы вращательной скользящей дуги с жидким электродом. Измерена зависимость напряжения рaзряда от величины потока воздуха. Определены электронные Te*, колебательные Tv* и вращательные Tr* температуры. Исследовано раcпределение температур вдоль плазменного факела. This work was partially supported by the Taras
 Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode Властивості плазмово-рідинної системи з одним рідким електродом Свойства плазменно-жидкостной системы с одним жидким электродом Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode Nedybaliuk, O.A. Solomenko, O.V. Chernyak, V.Ya. Martysh, E.V. Fedirchyk, I.I. Prysiazhnevych, I.V. Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия |
| title | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode |
| title_alt | Властивості плазмово-рідинної системи з одним рідким електродом Свойства плазменно-жидкостной системы с одним жидким электродом |
| title_full | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode |
| title_fullStr | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode |
| title_full_unstemmed | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode |
| title_short | The properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode |
| title_sort | properties of plasma-liquid system with one liquid electrode |
| topic | Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия |
| topic_facet | Плазменно-пучковый разряд, газовый разряд и плазмохимия |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112167 |
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