Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure
In the concept of plasma-dielectric wakefield accelerator plasma presence in the transit channel of the dielectric structure plays at significant role in increasing the accelerating field and providing bunches focusing. The results of the study of plasma production directly by exciting relativistic...
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| Date: | 2015 |
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2015
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| Cite this: | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure / A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, V.I. Pristupa, G.P. Berezina, O.L. Omelayenko, V.S. Us // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 117-119. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860140805610536960 |
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| author | Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Pristupa, V.I. Berezina, G.P. Omelayenko, O.L. Us, V.S. |
| author_facet | Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Pristupa, V.I. Berezina, G.P. Omelayenko, O.L. Us, V.S. |
| citation_txt | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure / A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, V.I. Pristupa, G.P. Berezina, O.L. Omelayenko, V.S. Us // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 117-119. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description | In the concept of plasma-dielectric wakefield accelerator plasma presence in the transit channel of the dielectric structure plays at significant role in increasing the accelerating field and providing bunches focusing. The results of the study of plasma production directly by exciting relativistic electron bunches in the channel, filled with an inert gas of different pressure. Measured temporal evolution of the density of the produced plasma, that is in a good agreement with estimates of ionization due to binary collisions of bunch electrons with neutrals or to beam-plasma discharge in the corresponding ranges of the gas pressure.
У концепції плазмово-діелектричного кільватерного прискорювача істотну роль у збільшенні прискорю-ючого поля та забезпеченні фокусування згустків відіграє наявність плазми в прольотному каналі діелектричної структури. Представлено результати дослідження процесів утворення плазми безпосередньо збуджуючими релятивістськими електронними згустками в каналі, заповненому нейтральним газом різного тиску. Виміряна часова еволюція щільності створюваної плазми, що знаходиться в задовільному узгодженні з оцінками іонізації за рахунок парних зіткнень електронів згустків з нейтралами або розвитку пучково-плазмового розряду у відповідних областях тиску газу.
В концепции плазменно-диэлектрического кильватерного ускорителя существенную роль в увеличении ускоряющего поля и обеспечении фокусировки сгустков играет наличие плазмы в пролетном канале диэлектрической структуры. Представлены результаты исследования процессов образования плазмы непосредственно возбуждающими релятивистскими электронными сгустками в канале, заполненном нейтральным газом различного давления. Измерена временная эволюция плотности возникающей плазмы, находящейся в удовлетворительном согласии с оценками ионизации за счет соударений электронов сгустков с нейтралами или развития пучково-плазменного разряда в соответствующих областях давления газа.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:49:22Z |
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 117
PLASMA PRODUCTION BY A SEQUENCE OF RELATIVISTIC
ELECTRON BUNCHES IN THE TRANSIT CHANNEL OF THE
DIELECTRIC STRUCTURE
A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, V.I. Pristupa, G.P. Berezina, O.L. Omelayenko, V.S. Us
National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: aflinnik@kipt.kharkov.ua
In the concept of plasma-dielectric wakefield accelerator plasma presence in the transit channel of the dielectric
structure plays at significant role in increasing the accelerating field and providing bunches focusing. The results of
the study of plasma production directly by exciting relativistic electron bunches in the channel, filled with an inert
gas of different pressure. Measured temporal evolution of the density of the produced plasma, that is in a good
agreement with estimates of ionization due to binary collisions of bunch electrons with neutrals or to beam-plasma
discharge in the corresponding ranges of the gas pressure.
PACS: 41.75.Lx; 52.40.Mj
INTRODUCTION
Investigations of wakefield excitation by a relativ-
istic electron bunch or a sequence of them in dielectric
structures showed the perspective of this method for
obtaining high-gradient accelerating fields [1 - 4].
Plasma filling the transit channel of the dielectric
structure allows to change the topography of the excited
wakefield so that the amplitude of its longitudinal com-
ponent is increased simultaneously with providing ac-
celerated bunches focusing [5, 6].
We study one of the possible ways to produce plas-
ma in the channel of the dielectric structure, which con-
sists in ionizing neutral gas of appropriate pressure in
the channel directly by the sequence of electron bunches
exciting wakefield. Earlier, we used such a method of
plasma production at the study of plasma wakefield ex-
citation [7]. The density of plasma produced in time
during all bunches passing through the channel was
measured for various pressures of neutral gas by HF-
probe [8] or by an open barrel-shaped resonator (OBR)
[9].
1. EXPERIMENT
1.1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The scheme of the Installation is shown in Fig. 1.
The sequence of relativistic electron bunches was pro-
duced by a linac "Almaz-2M" (1). Accelerated electron
beam had the following parameters: energy 4.5 MeV,
pulsed current 0.8 A, pulse duration 2 µs. Beam diame-
ter at the accelerator exit was 1.0 cm. The beam consist-
ed of a sequence of 6·103 electron bunches, each of du-
ration 60 ps and charge 0.26 nC. Period of bunch repeti-
tion was 360 ps. Electron bunches were injected from
the accelerator into the dielectric structure through a
titanium foil (2) with a thickness of 30 µ, destined for
separating the vacuum region of the accelerator from the
region with the neutral gas. The sequence of bunches
passed through the transit channel of diameter 2.1 cm in
a cylindrical Teflon insert (4) (ε = 2.1, tgδ =1.5·10-4)
placed into a copper pipe of internal diameter 8.5 cm.
To provide the waveguide regime of wakefield exci-
tation the reflections of wakefield excited in the dielec-
tric structure were reduced by placing a matching cone
(5) at the end of the Teflon insert and a ferrite absorber
(7) at the structure exit.
The length of the insert was chosen to be equal to
the wavelength of the excited dielectric wakefield
λ=10.6 сm, that allows at the existing group velocity
vg=v0/2 (v0 is bunch velocity) to provide a single-bunch
regime of the excitation [10], in which the removal of
the wakefield of each bunch from the structure does not
lead to overlap it with the wakefield of subsequent
bunch. This will enable comparison of future experi-
ments on the wakefield excitation in the plasma-
dielectric structure with the existing theory of a single-
bunch regime of the excitation.
Fig. 1. Experimental setup: 1 – accelerator "Almaz-2M";
2 – separating titanium foil; 3 – leak valve; 4 – dielec-
tric structure; 5 – matching cone; 6 – open barrel reso-
nator (OBR); 7 – ferrite microwave absorber; 8 – oscil-
loscope; 9 – HF-probe for plasma density measuring;
10 – forvacuum pump
Neutral gas pressure in the range of 10-3…760 Torr
was regulated by gas filling through the leak valve (3),
followed by pumping with the forvacuum pump (10).
The density of the produced plasma was measured by
two methods.
In the first one, the HF probe (9) was placed at the
end of the matching cone in the axial region. It deter-
mined plasma density by means of measuring the cur-
rent between two plates, to which a given AC voltage
was applied.
In the second one the resonator OBR (6), determin-
ing plasma density by means of measuring the shift of
the OBR resonance frequency at plasma presence, was
located outside of the dielectric structure in the empty
part of the copper pipe so that the beam and the plasma
formed around it being occurred in OBR was not in con-
tact with OBR walls. Waveguides powering OBR were
perpendicular to the axis and vacuum sealed with the
waveguide chamber.
mailto:aflinnik@kipt.kharkov.ua
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 118
To monitor the influence of the plasma filling on the
excitation efficiency the microwave probe was placed at
the end of the chamber to register of the excited wake-
field on an oscilloscope (8).
1.2. MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA DENSITY
BY HF-PROBE
Experimentally, the density of plasma, produced by
the electron bunches at different pressures of the neutral
gas was measured using an HF-probe [8]. At high pres-
sures, the conductivity of the produced plasma is given
by the expression:
σ = е(neµe+n+µ++n-µ-), (1)
where µе, µ+ and µ- respectively, the mobility of elec-
trons, positive and negative ions, and e is the electron
charge; ne is density of electrons. In our case, the con-
ductivity is determined mainly by the electron mobility.
Knowing the mobility of electrons µe and measuring the
plasma conductivity σ by the HF-probe, one can deter-
mine the density of plasma electrons ne.
We used HF-probe of plane shape with the distance
between the plates of sizes S=1×1 сm2 was equal to
d=1 cm. AC voltage of amplitude V=0.5 V was applied
to the plates from HF-generator at a frequency of
250 kHz. The mobility of electrons in the plasma for
parameters of the experiment was estimated µе=vdrE by
using drift velocity vdr presented in [11]. So at
P=100 Torr electron mobility was estimated as
µе=104 сm2/V·s. By probe measurements of current I
between the plates of HF-probe and calculating field
value in the gap Е=V/d one can determine the plasma
conductivity σ=j/E=I·d/V·S=7.18·10-5 Ω-1·сm-1. Then
from (1) we found the plasma density ne=1.2·1011 сm-3.
1.3. MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA DENSITY
BY RESONATOR OBR
For plasma density measuring we also used an open
symmetrical barrel cavity (OBR) [9] operating in the
8 mm wavelength range, which was a nondestructive
diagnostics, unlike HF-probe measurements. Measure-
ments of plasma density were performed by using the
modified method [12], developed for the case of a small
shift in the resonance frequency of the OBR, at the eig-
en frequency of the resonator f = 37245 MHz, at which
mode ТМ8,5,1 was excited. The quality factor of the res-
onator at this mode was Q=2·104.
Fig. 2 shows the dependence of the density of plas-
ma, formed by the electron bunches, upon gas pressure
in the transit channel of the dielectric structure.
Fig. 2. Dependence of plasma density, produced by
electron bunches, on gas pressure in the transit channel
It can be seen that the produced plasma reaches the
resonance density nres=9·1010 сm-3, for which the plasma
frequency is compared with the bunch repetition fre-
quency ωр=ωrep=2·1010. This leads to an intensification
of the wakefield excitation at resonant plasma density.
Fig. 3 shows the behavior of the plasma density dur-
ing the pulse of passing bunches at gas pressure in the
transit channel in dielectric structure 0.5 Torr (Fig. 3,a)
and 10 Torr (Fig. 3,b).
Fig. 3. Behavior of the plasma density during the pulse
of passing bunches at gas pressure in the transit chan-
nel: 0.5 Тоrr (а) and 10 Тоrr (b)
Production of higher plasma density at the smaller
gas pressure in the transit channel is caused by the fact
that in this case to the collisional ionization of neutral
gas by beam electros the ionization by plasma electrons
gained energy from excited wakefield, which exceeded
energy of ionization, is added (so-called beam-plasma
discharge). This is confirmed by the increase of the am-
plitude of the wakefield excited at this gas pressure in
the transit channel (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Dependence of the excited wakefield amplitude
on the gas pressure in the transit channel
Fig. 4 shows that the amplitude of the excited wake-
field grows for the gas pressure in the range of
Р=0.2…1 Torr, where density of produced plasma is
close to the resonance one (see Fig. 2) that leads to the
resonant excitation of wakefield and the development of
beam-plasma discharge.
At a gas pressure of more than 10 Torr in the plas-
ma-dielectric structure the amplitude of the excited
wakefield decreases, although the density of the pro-
duced plasma is resonant one. In this case, the decrease
in the amplitude of the wakefield is explained by that
the collision frequency of electrons and neutral particles
accedes the plasma frequency νеn > ωр.
CONCLUSIONS
Plasma production is experimentally realized in the
transit channel of the dielectric structure directly by
relativistic electron bunches destined for wakefield exci-
tation in the plasma-dielectric structure. For this the
transit channel was filled with neutral gas (air) to a pres-
sure in the range of 10-3…760 Torr. Ionization of the
gas is due to binary collisions of bunch electrons with
neutrals at the high pressure and due to the development
of beam-plasma discharge at the pressure of about
1 Torr.
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 119
The density of produced plasma measured by HF-
probe and by an open barrel-shaped resonator OBR, is
in the range of 5·109…5·1011 cm-3 at gas pressure in the
range of 10-3…760 Torr. The dependence of plasma
density on time, i.e. on the number of bunches which
passed through the gas, was measured. The phenome-
non of plasma production is confirmed by the increase
in the amplitude of the excited wakefield in the corre-
sponding range of gas pressure.
This work was supported by NAS of Ukraine pro-
gram "Perspective investigations on plasma physics,
controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma technolo-
gies", Project P-1 / 63-2015.
REFERENCES
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V.I. Pristupa. Wakefields excitation in plasma, pro-
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“Plasma Physics”. 2011, № 1, p. 77-79.
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Article received 07.06.2015
СОЗДАНИЕ ПЛАЗМЫ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ РЕЛЯТИВИСТСКИХ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ
СГУСТКОВ В ПРОЛЁТНОМ КАНАЛЕ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ
А.Ф. Линник, И.Н. Онищенко, В.И. Приступа, Г.П. Березина, О.Л. Омелаенко, В.С. Ус
В концепции плазменно-диэлектрического кильватерного ускорителя существенную роль в увеличении
ускоряющего поля и обеспечении фокусировки сгустков играет наличие плазмы в пролетном канале диэлек-
трической структуры. Представлены результаты исследования процессов образования плазмы непосред-
ственно возбуждающими релятивистскими электронными сгустками в канале, заполненном нейтральным
газом различного давления. Измерена временная эволюция плотности возникающей плазмы, находящейся в
удовлетворительном согласии с оценками ионизации за счет соударений электронов сгустков с нейтралами
или развития пучково-плазменного разряда в соответствующих областях давления газа.
СТВОРЕННЯ ПЛАЗМИ ПОСЛІДОВНІСТЮ РЕЛЯТИВІСТСЬКИХ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ЗГУСТКІВ
У ПРОЛЬОТНОМУ КАНАЛІ ДІЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ
А.Ф. Лінник, І.М. Оніщенко, В.І. Приступа, Г.П. Березіна, О.Л. Омелаєнко, В.С. Ус
У концепції плазмово-діелектричного кільватерного прискорювача істотну роль у збільшенні прискорю-
ючого поля та забезпеченні фокусування згустків відіграє наявність плазми в прольотному каналі діелектри-
чної структури. Представлено результати дослідження процесів утворення плазми безпосередньо збуджую-
чими релятивістськими електронними згустками в каналі, заповненому нейтральним газом різного тиску.
Виміряна часова еволюція щільності створюваної плазми, що знаходиться в задовільному узгодженні з оці-
нками іонізації за рахунок парних зіткнень електронів згустків з нейтралами або розвитку пучково-
плазмового розряду у відповідних областях тиску газу.
http://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2013_4.html
http://vant.kipt.kharkov.ua/CONTENTS/CONTENTS_2013_4.html
INTRODUCTION
1. ExPERIMENT
1.1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-112192 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:49:22Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Pristupa, V.I. Berezina, G.P. Omelayenko, O.L. Us, V.S. 2017-01-17T20:30:03Z 2017-01-17T20:30:03Z 2015 Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure / A.F. Linnik, I.N. Onishchenko, V.I. Pristupa, G.P. Berezina, O.L. Omelayenko, V.S. Us // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 117-119. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 41.75.Lx; 52.40.Mj https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112192 In the concept of plasma-dielectric wakefield accelerator plasma presence in the transit channel of the dielectric structure plays at significant role in increasing the accelerating field and providing bunches focusing. The results of the study of plasma production directly by exciting relativistic electron bunches in the channel, filled with an inert gas of different pressure. Measured temporal evolution of the density of the produced plasma, that is in a good agreement with estimates of ionization due to binary collisions of bunch electrons with neutrals or to beam-plasma discharge in the corresponding ranges of the gas pressure. У концепції плазмово-діелектричного кільватерного прискорювача істотну роль у збільшенні прискорю-ючого поля та забезпеченні фокусування згустків відіграє наявність плазми в прольотному каналі діелектричної структури. Представлено результати дослідження процесів утворення плазми безпосередньо збуджуючими релятивістськими електронними згустками в каналі, заповненому нейтральним газом різного тиску. Виміряна часова еволюція щільності створюваної плазми, що знаходиться в задовільному узгодженні з оцінками іонізації за рахунок парних зіткнень електронів згустків з нейтралами або розвитку пучково-плазмового розряду у відповідних областях тиску газу. В концепции плазменно-диэлектрического кильватерного ускорителя существенную роль в увеличении ускоряющего поля и обеспечении фокусировки сгустков играет наличие плазмы в пролетном канале диэлектрической структуры. Представлены результаты исследования процессов образования плазмы непосредственно возбуждающими релятивистскими электронными сгустками в канале, заполненном нейтральным газом различного давления. Измерена временная эволюция плотности возникающей плазмы, находящейся в удовлетворительном согласии с оценками ионизации за счет соударений электронов сгустков с нейтралами или развития пучково-плазменного разряда в соответствующих областях давления газа. This work was supported by NAS of Ukraine program "Perspective investigations on plasma physics, controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma technologies", Project P-1 / 63-2015. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Новые методы ускорения заряженных частиц Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure Створення плазми послідовністю релятивістських електронних згустків у прольотному каналі діелектричної структури Создание плазмы последовательностью релятивистских электронных сгустков в пролётном канале диэлектрической структуры Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure Linnik, A.F. Onishchenko, I.N. Pristupa, V.I. Berezina, G.P. Omelayenko, O.L. Us, V.S. Новые методы ускорения заряженных частиц |
| title | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure |
| title_alt | Створення плазми послідовністю релятивістських електронних згустків у прольотному каналі діелектричної структури Создание плазмы последовательностью релятивистских электронных сгустков в пролётном канале диэлектрической структуры |
| title_full | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure |
| title_fullStr | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure |
| title_short | Plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure |
| title_sort | plasma production by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches in the transit channel of the dielectric structure |
| topic | Новые методы ускорения заряженных частиц |
| topic_facet | Новые методы ускорения заряженных частиц |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112192 |
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