Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches
This paper presents the pulse electrothermal plasma accelerator erosion type. Formation of dense plasma bunches occurs under atmospheric pressure through the development of high-current arc discharge in a cylindrical channel bounded by dielectric walls. Mode of operation accelerator is hydrodynamic....
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| Zitieren: | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches / Yu.E. Kolyada, V.I. Fedun // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 325-330. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. |
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| citation_txt | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches / Yu.E. Kolyada, V.I. Fedun // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 325-330. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. |
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| description | This paper presents the pulse electrothermal plasma accelerator erosion type. Formation of dense plasma bunches occurs under atmospheric pressure through the development of high-current arc discharge in a cylindrical channel bounded by dielectric walls. Mode of operation accelerator is hydrodynamic. It is demonstrated the possibility use it to obtain microsecond high-current electron beams without vacuum conditions, the synthesis of nanoscale materials, the excitation of elastic pulses in the fluid.
Розглянуто імпульсний електротермічний прискорювач плазми ерозійного типу. Формування згустків щільної плазми відбувається при атмосферному тиску за рахунок реалізації потужнострумового дугового розряду в циліндричному каналі, обмеженому діелектричними стінками. Режим роботи прискорювача гідродинамічний. Продемонстрована можливість його використання для отримання мікросекундних сильнострумових електронних пучків поза вакуумних умов, синтезу наноматеріалів, збудження пружних імпульсів у рідині.
Описан импульсный электротермический плазменный ускоритель эрозионного типа. Формирование концентрированных плазменных сгустков происходит при атмосферном давлении за счёт развития сильноточного дугового разряда в цилиндрическом канале, ограниченном диэлектрическими стенками. Режим работы ускорителя гидродинамический. Продемонстрирована возможность его использования для получения микросекундных сильноточных электронных пучков вне вакуумных условий, синтеза наноразмерных материалов, возбуждения упругих импульсов в жидкости.
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 325
PULSE ELECTROTHERMAL PLASMA ACCELERATORS
AND ITS APPLICATION IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES
Yu.E. Kolyada1, V.I. Fedun2
1Mariupol State University, Mariupol, Ukraine;
2Priazovskyi State Technical University, Mariupol, Ukraine
E-mail: yukol@ukr.net
This paper presents the pulse electrothermal plasma accelerator erosion type. Formation of dense plasma bunch-
es occurs under atmospheric pressure through the development of high-current arc discharge in a cylindrical channel
bounded by dielectric walls. Mode of operation accelerator is hydrodynamic. It is demonstrated the possibility use it
to obtain microsecond high-current electron beams without vacuum conditions, the synthesis of nanoscale materials,
the excitation of elastic pulses in the fluid.
PACS: 52.38.Kd
INTRODUCTION
Concentrated plasma flows and powerful plasma
bunches with high energy characteristics are widely
used in scientific research and modern high technology.
They are required for filling by the plasma of thermonu-
clear traps, the implementation of collective methods
charged particles acceleration, for creating powerful
sources of optical radiation, modification of surface
properties of materials, for the operation plasma-
chemical reactors, generating elastic pulses in continu-
ous media. To solve these problems, there is a need in
the formation and transporting plasma bunches with
energy from tens of kJ to MJ and above. In this connec-
tion the heightened interest represent the pulsed plasma
sources. At present there are many generators and
pulsed plasma accelerators, whose operation is based on
different physical principles and effects [1 - 9]. But the
whole their combination can be divided into two groups:
the vacuum and sources operating at atmospheric pres-
sure. To solve a number of problems are necessary one,
and in some cases it is advisable use the other. It is for
this reason there is no need to consider the advantage of
the plasma source of one group compared to another. It
all depends on the task, i.e. needs and those and others.
This paper investigates a pulse electrothermal plasma
accelerator (ETPA) operating at atmospheric conditions,
which can be used as a multifunction device for solving
a number of scientific and technological problems. It is
this type of plasma accelerator has recently caused in-
creased interest, as among physicists and engineers.
1. PULSED ELECTROTHERMAL PLASMA
ACCELERATOR
1.1. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
ETPA or plasma end erosional accelerator was first
time mentioned in literature in [10]. The principle of
action is based on the of pulse electric energy liberation
high power in a channel bounded by cylindrical dielec-
tric walls. The substance in the discharge channel comes
at the expense of electrode erosion and evaporation of
the wall material. Expiration plasma flow occurs from
the nozzle in the form of hole disposed in one end of an
accelerator. To this category of the accelerators also
includes the plasma accelerators operating on the basis
of a high-current capillary discharge with an evaporat-
ing wall [11 - 13].
When describing the operation ETPA it is important
to know how the energy is redistributed in the discharge
channel between the internal energy of the plasma, the
work of expansion, by radiation, etc. This task is not
trivial and has no universal solution. S.I. Braginskii
known model [14] allows to obtain an analytical solu-
tion for a variety of gasdynamic parameters in a linear
increase of the current. However, in [15] was proposed
a simple model, as the author claims, allowing to calcu-
late impact loads at arbitrary parameters of the dis-
charge-chamber and an electrical circuit. It is this model
is the most appropriate in the description of the ETPA.
To describe the processes for development (channel)
stage of electric discharge in a one-dimensional radially
symmetric formulation in this work the author proposed
a system of equations gas dynamics in Euler variables
that has the following form:
( )
0,
rv
t r r r
ρ ρν ρ
∂∂ ∂
+ + =
∂ ∂ ∂
(1)
0,p
t r r
ν νρ ν∂ ∂ ∂ + + = ∂ ∂ ∂
(2)
2 21
2 2
pr
t r r
ρν νρε ρν ε
ρ
∂ ∂
+ + + + + ∂ ∂
( ) 21 .
rq j
r r σ
∂
+ =
∂
(3)
Here ρ − density t − time, v − velocity, r − Euler co-
ordinate (radius), p – pressure, ε− specific internal ener-
gy, q − heat flux at the expense of thermal conductivity,
j − current density in the channel, σ − the plasma elec-
trical conductivity. Integrating equation (3), over the
cross section of the channel, the ordinary differential
equation is obtained for total plasma energy W, per unit
length of channel:
( )2
,j
d adW p Q
dt dt
π
+ =
where a − the radius of the plasma channel, I – current,
( ) 12 2
jQ I aσ π
−
= − total Joule energy contribution (per
unit length). All interested gasdynamic parameters can
be found by further solving the remaining equations.
1.2. DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
This paper describes the accelerator, construction of
which is shown in Fig. 1 at the top, and circuit diagram
is shown below in the same figure.
mailto:yukol@ukr.net
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 326
The body 1 is made of a rigid thick-walled paper ba-
kelite tube length 40 cm. Inner diameter – 8 mm, wall
thickness of 1 cm. The edges of the dielectric housing
are pressed by metal cups of 3 and 4. To glass 3 by a
threaded connection attached removable rod electrode 2
with 6 mm in diameter, acting as cathode. Removable
rod electrode 2 with 6 mm in diameter is attached to the
glass 3 by a threaded connection acting as cathode. One
end of the electrode enters in the internal channel of
housing a second deduced outwards. The anode is a met-
al cup 4 with a hole 5 and 6 mm in diameter. The distance
between the cathode and the annular anode was regulated
in the range of 8 to 15 cm. Anode 4 is grounded and volt-
age is applied to rod cathode from the capacitive energy
storage unit. Any metals may be used as the material of
the cathode rod. Working pressure is atmospheric,
working gas is air. The cathode is designated by the
letter A and an anode – B on Fig. 1 below.
Fig. 1. Electrothermal plasma accelerator at the top
and electric power scheme – down
Electrical block diagram of the plasma accelerator
consists of a capacitive energy storage unit and trigger
circuit. Capacitive storage C1 = (1.5…3.0) ⋅ 10-3 F oper-
ating voltage up to 5 kV, the maximum accumulated
energy ranged (18.75…37) kJ. Triggering circuit in-
cludes elements the capacitor C2, controllable dis-
charger P and pulse transformer PT. The trigger is an
important element in the pulsed-power devices. In this
connection the magnetic key containing a ferromagnetic
core with a rectangular hysteresis loop is suggested for
switching high-current pulse circuits. Its function is to
prevent the passage of high-voltage trigger pulse in
high-current circuit capacitive storage. This key greatly
exceeds the known manageable three-electrode dis-
chargers on operational characteristics. A detailed de-
scription of the element bases the whole scheme and
obtained current-voltage characteristics is given in [16,
17].
As a result, the capacitive storage charging and ex-
posure to the trigger pulse between the cathode and the
anode was initiated by intense pulsed arc discharge of
high pressure, limited dielectric narrow channel. The
pressure in the channel increases up to hundreds of at-
mospheres during discharge. Thus there is a pulse injec-
tion of a dense gas-plasma bunch through the annular
anode into the environment. The operating mode of the
plasma accelerator is gas-dynamic. Under the received
estimates plasma parameters are: the temperature
1…2 eV and density of about 1016 cm-3, respectively.
The discharge is accompanied by an intense glow and
sound effects. Fig. 2 shows the photograph of a plas-
moid obtained using violet filter. The length of the
glowing formation reaches 0.8 m.
The gas plasma bunch expiration into the environ-
ment occurs through the annular anode. Expiration takes
place in the adiabatic regime at supersonic speed. This
is confirmed by the formation of consolidations which
can be seen in the photo, and direct measurement of the
velocity using optical sensors. Fig. 3 shows the typical
wave-forms of the current and voltage applied to the
accelerator electrodes of the A and B and the time de-
pendence of the resistance discharge channel. Discharge
duration was 1.4 ms, the maximum current up to 4 kA.
Their processing allows us to estimate the energy re-
leased in the discharge gap.
Fig. 2. Photo of the plasma bunch
Fig. 3. Typical waveforms of the discharge current,
voltage and the time dependence
of the resistance discharge
2. FORMATION OF HIGH-CURRENT
ELECTRON BEAM WITHOUT VACUUM
CONDITIONS
Formation of the accelerated electrons with nano-
second pulse in the discharge of high pressure is a phe-
nomenon known [18 - 20]. Acceleration is due to the
effect of runaway electrons [21, 22]. This section pre-
sents the research results of formation the high-current
microsecond electron beam in the channel of the arc
discharge ETPA. The acceleration of the electrons was
under the influence of an additional high-voltage pulse
generated by means of a two-stage Marx generator
(MG). MG is not shown in Fig. 1. The voltage ampli-
tude was of 250 kV with pulse duration of 5 ms at the
base. Pulse shape was bell curve. The impulse expira-
tion of dense plasma bunch into the environment
through the annular electrode В occurs as a result the
development of high-current discharge and pressure
increase to hundreds of atmospheres. This is followed
by a rarefaction wave, and the pressure at the end of a
pulse is lowered to a value significantly below atmos-
pheric (1…5 Torr can reach). This is evidenced by the
presence of residual stress in the waveform Fig. 3. That
is electric strength of the gap is restored. This is also
confirmed by the time dependence of the resistance the
discharge channel, which is represented in Fig. 3. Con-
sequently, the operating point on the Paschen curve is
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 327
shifted to left branch, which corresponds to the region
rarefaction. At this time the negative accelerating volt-
age pulse was applied to electrode A (see Fig. 1), which
was generated by MG. Under these conditions the cur-
rent in the discharge circuit, the voltage applied to the
electrodes, the X-ray and microwave radiation from the
discharge channel were detected. The results of these
measurements are shown in waveforms of the Fig. 4.
The nature of the current and voltage (waveforms a and
b), and the presence of X-ray and microwave radiation
(waveforms c and d), indicate the presence of accelerat-
ed electrons in the channel of ETPA.
Let us give estimates, confirming possibility of occur-
rence of accelerated electrons in the experimental condi-
tions. For non-relativistic electron runaway phenomenon
will occur if brake force is less than the electrostatic force
caused by the action of an external electric field. Braking
force in this case is due to ionization losses and is de-
scribed by known Bethe – Bloch formula:
( )
4
0
2
0
2ln ,
8
n e Z
F
I
εε
πε
= − (4)
where e is the electron charge, ε is its kinetic energy;
0n is a concentration of gas molecules; Z is atomic
number; I is average energy for inelastic losses; 0ε is the
electric constant. Acceleration occurs (runaway elec-
trons) if the value of the critical field above Ec is deter-
mined by expression:
3
0
2
0
.
4 2.72c
e n Z
E
Iπε
=
⋅ ⋅
(5)
As follows from [20], the relation (5) is transformed
into formula convenient for practical estimates:
33.88 10 ,cE Z
P I
= ⋅ (6)
where /cE P and I is measured in V/cm·Torr and eV,
respectively. Air I can be taken equal to 15…80 eV.
Fig. 4. а – the current in the discharge circuit MG;
b – the accelerating voltage; c – the X-rays;
d – detected microwave signal in the wavelength range
10…3 cm. The sensitivity of the rays:
current – 1 kA / div, voltage – 125 kV / div
Estimate of the magnitude ratio /cE P of according to
the formula (6) allows us to conclude the possible exist-
ence of the effect of runaway electrons in the experi-
mental conditions. These estimates are given in [23].
In such a way as a result of studying it is demon-
strated the possibility of obtaining a microsecond high-
current electron beam in a channel arc pulsed plasma
accelerator without vacuum conditions.
3. PRODUCTION OF METALLIC
NANOSTRUCTURES
Currently, there are various formation methods die-
lectric, semiconductor and metal nanoparticles and
nanostructures [24, 25]. Known technologies are divid-
ed into two main groups: top-down and bottom-up. The
first group is based on obtaining nanoparticles from
macroscopic objects, the second group − for synthesiz-
ing nanoparticles by a merger of individual atoms and
molecules.
The gas-phase synthesis method of nanoparticles (bot-
tom-up) is the simplest and most promising for practical
applications in which the evaporation of metal, alloy or
semiconductor occurs followed by condensation of
steam. For example, this is the easiest way to obtain pow-
ders nanocrystals, nanoparticles and isolated clusters.
Equipment using the principle of evaporation and
condensation differ in input method the evaporated ma-
terial, method for supplying energy to evaporate, the
working environment, etc. Electrothermal heating meth-
od substance for the synthesis of nanoparticles is used in
[26, 27]. However, in the above devices synthesized
nanomaterials are scattered on the solid angle almost
equal to 4π. But ETPA allows to form the directional
flow substance that substantially increases its manufac-
turability for use in as nanophysics and in plasma tech-
nologies. Furthermore, the temperature of the metal va-
por sharply decreases and its rapid condensation occurs
in the plasma jet as a result of turbulent mixing. In [28]
it was demonstrated the possibility of synthesis of na-
noscale materials using ETPA and presents photographs
obtained nanostructures of different materials. However,
in these systems formation mechanism nanostructures
remains is unexplained: formation of nanoparticles is
due to condensation of supersaturated vapor electrode
material or at the expense splashing of the dripping liq-
uid metal?
Chemical analysis of their composition was carried
out to determine the mechanism of formation the nano-
particles in thermal systems. For this purpose X-ray
fluorescence analysis was used. Studies have been per-
formed by Thermo Scientific ARL OPTIM’X WDXRF
Spectrometer. The X-ray spectra of nanostructures on
glass substrates and spectra of the electrode material
were analyzed. As a result, it was possible to compare
the elemental composition of the starting material with
the composition of the synthesized nanostructures. Ta-
ble 1 shows the results of this comparative analysis for
bronze cathode. The table on the left (in bold) is given
the elemental composition of the nanoparticles on the
glass, and the right-chemical composition of bronze
cathode. From this table it follows that the elements of
Si, Ca, Na, Mg, etc., which are present in the list on the
left and absent on the right, in the mass percentage
terms composition is ≈ 81% and reflects the chemical
composition of the glass.
Mass fraction of copper in bronze is 82 %, and in
nanostructures accounts for only 5.56 %. But this num-
ber should be multiplied by the ratio of 100/19 ≈ 5.26,
to get a true composition of the element in the bronze
nanoparticles. Then we obtain magnitude of about 31%.
This is significantly less than its content in bronze. Sim-
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 328
ilar regularity is observed for the other elements. Thus
the percentage is different for the same elements of the
cathode and synthesized nanostructures on substrates at
substantially. It should be noted that elements such as
Ge, Hg, Ta, Zn, W is not detected in the nanostructures.
Similar regularity is typical of other alloys used as the
cathode. This confirms the fact that the formation of
nanostructures in this experiment is caused not the result
of splashing of droplets of the parent metal, but exclu-
sively due to the nonequilibrium condensation of super-
saturated vapor metals. This experiment also confirms
the fact that the ETPA can be effectively used as a reac-
tor for the synthesis of nanoscale materials.
The elemental composition of nanostructures
and the cathode material for bronze
4. EXCITATION ELASTIC OSCILLATIONS
IN THE FLUID BY PLASMOID
Powerful generators of elastic pulses are widely used
for the intensification of technological processes occurring
in the liquid phases, sensing and location of the world
ocean, for deep sonic tool that provides search, identifica-
tion and quantitative characteristics of minerals, as well as
for enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons. To solve the
above problems need to excite oscillations at frequen-
cies of hundreds of hertz, and this requires the introduc-
tion to liquid high pulse energy. Therefore to excite os-
cillations are usually used generators operating on the
basis of an electrical discharge in the liquid [29, 30].
Solid explosives are used less often. But to realize
the electric discharge of high power in liquid requires a
high energy release rate, which, as is known, leads to
the appearance a shock wave. Energy contained in the
shock wave is dissipated as heat at a negligible distance
from the discharge. In the shock wave can be concen-
trated to 70 % of the energy input into the liquid [31,
32]. As is known, high-frequency harmonics dominated
by in the spectrum of the shock wave. Furthermore, the
shock wave leads to damage of structural elements emit-
ter, to cavitation phenomena. In this mode of excitation
of oscillations extends beyond linear acoustics. In this
connection for the generation of acoustic fields of high
power promising is the use of plasma bunches. Their
difference and advantage compared with explosive
sources of energy is that by using plasma bunches with
sufficiently high power characteristics, can be con-
trolled rate of energy input.
It is this fact avoids the shock wave.
Physical processes occurring during operation of
pulse emitters acoustic vibrations in the fluid now fairly
well understood and widely implemented. Generation
mechanism in this case is as follows. Pulsed release of
energy in the liquid shall form divergent the gas-vapor
cavity, leading to a positive pressure pulse. After the
cessation of energy expansion is due to the reserve of
the internal energy cavity, and then - at the expense of
the kinetic energy acquired liquid, which is accompa-
nied by a negative pressure pulse. Expansion stops when
the pressure in the cavity equal to the pressure of satu-
rated water vapor ~ 2 kPa. From that moment the com-
pression begins on, which is accompanied by another
increase in pressure. In an environment thus there are
waves of compression and rarefaction. The process of
free pulsation spherical cavity (in an infinite medium) is
described by Rayleigh equation, which in this case has
the form:
3 2 3
0
42
3
R R P R Eπρ π+ = , (7)
where R − the radius of the cavity, R − its first deriva-
tive with respect to time, 0P − hydrostatic pressure, ρ −
the density of the liquid, E − the energy in the cavity.
The period pulsation cavity was determined by the
known Willis formula
1 51
3 62
01,14T E Pρ
−
= , (8)
at that, the maximum radius of the cavity maxR is con-
nected with the input energy ratio
3
0 max
4
3
P R Eπ = . (9)
However, to maximize the acoustic parameters at
low frequencies the nature of energy input into the liq-
uid medium must satisfy several conflicting require-
ments. On the one hand for generating a low frequen-
cy 1 1/3~ ~f T E− − , as follows from (8), it is necessary
to ensure the maximum possible input energy E with
high bulk density, which is achieved by using a source
developing high power. On the other − the high rate of
energy release (burst) can lead to the formation of a
shock wave.
To avoid a shock wave must comply with the condi-
tions stated in [29]
5 3 1E
cρ τ
< , (10)
that can be achieved by adjustment of rate energy sup-
ply.
Here τ – the time of release of energy that can be
adjusted by the injection of plasma bunches in liquid,
the c – velocity of sound.
In this connection a very promising for this purpose
are the ETPA. In [33] the results of the first experiments
are presented on the excitation of acoustic pulses in liq-
uid by the plasma bunches.
In this case the lower part of the accelerator was
immersed in a water tank, as shown in Fig. 5. The lower
ring electrode – 3, was at ground potential, rod – 2, up-
per – with the working voltage of 5 kV, S – capacitive
storage unit. Variable inductance 0.3L = mHn was
used in the discharge circuit to adjust the pulse width
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2015. №4(98) 329
and to prevent the passage of high-voltage pulse to the
circuit capacitive storage S.
The discharge chamber of the accelerator is filled
with air under atmospheric pressure. Dielectric strength
of the air gap in the chamber was significantly higher
operating voltage 5 kV, so a generator of high-voltage
pulses with amplitude of up to 100 kV used to run the
scheme. Electrical discharge in the channel of the accel-
erator was initiated up and developed in the air, and the
plasma bunch formed by accelerator, was injected into
the liquid.
Fig. 5. The experimental scheme
The walls of the tank (pool) with dimensions
2×2×2 m were covered with thick foam rubber 10 cm to
reduce the reflected signals. The pressure of the acoustic
wave was measured with a calibrated sensor. The results
of these measurements are shown in Fig. 6,a. Thus in
the liquid the compression pulse with an amplitude of
up to 2.6 ⋅ 105 Pa and duration of 0.8 ms and at the base
is excited, and as shown from waveform, there is the
small amplitude rarefaction pulse with negative pressure
2.5 ⋅ 104 Pa and duration of 0.4 ms.
Fig. 6. The pressure profile (a) and spectrum (b)
of the acoustic wave
These experiments showed that the speed control of
energy release completely have excluded the formation
shock waves and high-frequency harmonics
An important characteristic of the acoustic emitters
is the spectral composition of the generated pulse.
Fig. 6,b shows the spectrum reconstituted by Fourier
transformation of the pressure pulse waveform.
As might be expected, most of the oscillation power
is concentrated in the low-frequency of the spectrum up
to 2000 Hz. It is this frequency range is an attractive for
solution of the totality scientific and applied problems
mentioned at the beginning of this section. Thus, the
ETPA may be used for generating powerful acoustic
pulse in the liquid.
CONCLUSIONS
The research resulted in can draw the following con-
clusions:
1. Pulsed electrothermal plasma accelerator erosion
type allows obtaining concentrated supersonic plasma
flows. Formation of the plasma bunch occurs at atmos-
pheric pressure through the development of a high-
current arc discharge in a cylindrical channel bounded
by dielectric walls. This accelerator can be used as a
multifunctional device for solving a number of scientific
problems.
2. In particular, it is shown the possibility formation
of a high-microsecond electron beam outside vacuum
conditions. The beam is formed in the discharge channel
of the accelerator as a result of additional impact high-
voltage pulse. Acceleration is carried out at the expense
the phenomenon of runaway electrons.
3. It is demonstrated the possibility of using the ac-
celerator as a reactor for the synthesis of nanoscale ma-
terials; it is established the mechanism of their for-
mation in electrothermal systems. Nanoparticle for-
mation is due to nonequilibrium condensation of super-
saturated vapor electrode materials.
4. For the first time it is shown the possibility of
generation the powerful acoustic pulses by using the
injection of dense plasma into the liquid. Speed control
of energy input into the liquid allows avoids the shock
and excites of elastic oscillations of high power in the
mode of linear acoustics.
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Article received 05.05.2015
ИМПУЛЬСНЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАЗМЕННЫЙ УСКОРИТЕЛЬ
И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
Ю.E. Коляда, В.И. Федун
Описан импульсный электротермический плазменный ускоритель эрозионного типа. Формирование кон-
центрированных плазменных сгустков происходит при атмосферном давлении за счёт развития сильноточ-
ного дугового разряда в цилиндрическом канале, ограниченном диэлектрическими стенками. Режим работы
ускорителя гидродинамический. Продемонстрирована возможность его использования для получения мик-
росекундных сильноточных электронных пучков вне вакуумных условий, синтеза наноразмерных материа-
лов, возбуждения упругих импульсов в жидкости.
ІМПУЛЬСНИЙ ЕЛЕКТРОТЕРМІЧНИЙ ПЛАЗМОВИЙ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧ І ЙОГО
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ
Ю.Є. Коляда, В.І. Федун
Розглянуто імпульсний електротермічний прискорювач плазми ерозійного типу. Формування згустків
щільної плазми відбувається при атмосферному тиску за рахунок реалізації потужнострумового дугового
розряду в циліндричному каналі, обмеженому діелектричними стінками. Режим роботи прискорювача гід-
родинамічний. Продемонстрована можливість його використання для отримання мікросекундних сильност-
румових електронних пучків поза вакуумних умов, синтезу наноматеріалів, збудження пружних імпульсів у
рідині.
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-112205 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1562-6016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:00:52Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kolyada, Yu.E. Fedun, V.I. 2017-01-18T19:22:11Z 2017-01-18T19:22:11Z 2015 Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches / Yu.E. Kolyada, V.I. Fedun // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2015. — № 4. — С. 325-330. — Бібліогр.: 33 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 52.38.Kd https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112205 This paper presents the pulse electrothermal plasma accelerator erosion type. Formation of dense plasma bunches occurs under atmospheric pressure through the development of high-current arc discharge in a cylindrical channel bounded by dielectric walls. Mode of operation accelerator is hydrodynamic. It is demonstrated the possibility use it to obtain microsecond high-current electron beams without vacuum conditions, the synthesis of nanoscale materials, the excitation of elastic pulses in the fluid. Розглянуто імпульсний електротермічний прискорювач плазми ерозійного типу. Формування згустків щільної плазми відбувається при атмосферному тиску за рахунок реалізації потужнострумового дугового розряду в циліндричному каналі, обмеженому діелектричними стінками. Режим роботи прискорювача гідродинамічний. Продемонстрована можливість його використання для отримання мікросекундних сильнострумових електронних пучків поза вакуумних умов, синтезу наноматеріалів, збудження пружних імпульсів у рідині. Описан импульсный электротермический плазменный ускоритель эрозионного типа. Формирование концентрированных плазменных сгустков происходит при атмосферном давлении за счёт развития сильноточного дугового разряда в цилиндрическом канале, ограниченном диэлектрическими стенками. Режим работы ускорителя гидродинамический. Продемонстрирована возможность его использования для получения микросекундных сильноточных электронных пучков вне вакуумных условий, синтеза наноразмерных материалов, возбуждения упругих импульсов в жидкости. en Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України Вопросы атомной науки и техники Приложения и технологии Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches Імпульсний електротермічний плазмовий прискорювач і його застосування в наукових дослідженнях Импульсный электротермический плазменный ускоритель и его применение в научных исследованиях Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches Kolyada, Yu.E. Fedun, V.I. Приложения и технологии |
| title | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches |
| title_alt | Імпульсний електротермічний плазмовий прискорювач і його застосування в наукових дослідженнях Импульсный электротермический плазменный ускоритель и его применение в научных исследованиях |
| title_full | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches |
| title_fullStr | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches |
| title_short | Pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches |
| title_sort | pulse electrothermal plasma accelerators and its application in scientific researches |
| topic | Приложения и технологии |
| topic_facet | Приложения и технологии |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112205 |
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