Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites
Uniformly distributed TiC nanoparticle-reinforced
 iron-based composites were successfully
 fabricated by planetary milling in argon and subsequent
 hot pressing procedures. Nearly full density
 composite specimens could be obtained via
 6-hour milling and hot...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Проблемы прочности |
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| Дата: | 2014 |
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| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | Англійська |
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Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України
2014
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites / J.M. Kim, J.S. Park, H.S. Yun // Проблемы прочности. — 2014. — № 2. — С. 29-36. — Бібліогр.: 20 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860057804415434752 |
|---|---|
| author | Kim, J.M. Park, J.S. Yun, H.S. |
| author_facet | Kim, J.M. Park, J.S. Yun, H.S. |
| citation_txt | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites / J.M. Kim, J.S. Park, H.S. Yun // Проблемы прочности. — 2014. — № 2. — С. 29-36. — Бібліогр.: 20 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Проблемы прочности |
| description | Uniformly distributed TiC nanoparticle-reinforced
iron-based composites were successfully
fabricated by planetary milling in argon and subsequent
hot pressing procedures. Nearly full density
composite specimens could be obtained via
6-hour milling and hot pressing at 1100° C under
50 MPa. Spherical TiC particles and fine fibrous
Fe₃C phases were observed to form the iron-matrix
composites and subjected to comparative
analysis. Microstructural analysis results show
that theaverage diameter of TiC particles and
the length of Fe₃C phases tend to decrease with
an increase in a TiC volume content. The compression
yield strength of hot-pressed composites
increased in proportion to the TiC content,
resulting in 1.3 GPa for 7.5% TiC. The relationship
between the microstructural characteristics
and the yield strength of TiC-reinforced
composites was also investigated. Based on the
Orowan strengthening mechanism, a higher
strength is observed for a high TiC content,
mainly due to reduced distance between
reinforcing TiC nanoparticles.
Композитные материалы на основе железа, армированные равномерно распространенными наночастицами TiC, получены с помощью планетарного фрезерования в аргоне и последующего горячего прессования. Путем измельчения в течение 6 часов и горячего прессования материала при температуре 1100° C и давлении 50 MПa оказалось возможным получить образцы композитных материалов с почти максимальной плотностью. Исследованы сферические частицы TiC и волокнистые мелкодисперсные Fe₃C фазы, которые образуют матрицу композитного материала на основе железа. Микроструктурный анализ показал, что усредненный диаметр частиц TiC и длина Fe₃C фаз уменьшаются с увеличением объемного содержания частиц TiC. Значение предела текучести при сжатии композитных материалов, полученных горячим прессованием, увеличивается пропорционально содержанию частиц TiC: 1,3 ГПа для 7,5% TiC. Исследована взаимосвязь между микроструктурными характеристиками и пределом текучести композитных материалов, армированных частицами TiC. На основе механизма упрочнения Орована можно предположить, что более высокое значение прочности имеет место при большем содержании частиц TiC, в основном вследствие сокращения расстояния между армирующими наночастицами TiC.
Композитні матеріали на основі заліза, армовані рівномірно розповсюдженими нано-частинками ТіС, отримано за допомогою планетарного фрезерування в аргоні і подальшого гарячого пресування. Шляхом подрібнення протягом 6 годин і гарячого пресування матеріалу за температури 1100° C і тиску 50 МПа можна отримати зразки композитних матеріалів із майже максимальною щільністю. Досліджено сферичні частинки ТіС і волокнисті дрібнодисперсні Fe₃C фази, які сприяють виникненню матриці композитного матеріалу на основі заліза. Мікроструктурний аналіз показав, що усереднений діаметр частинок ТіС і довжина Fe₃C фаз зменшуються зі збільшенням об’ємного вмісту частинок ТіС. Значення границі текучості при стисканні композитних матеріалів, отриманих гарячим пресуванням, збільшується пропорційно вмісту ТіС частинок: 1,3 ГПа для 7,5% ТіС. Досліджено взаємозв’язок між мікроструктурними характеристиками і границею текучості композитних матеріалів, армованих частинками ТіС. На основі механізму зміцнення Орована можна припустити, що більш високі значення міцності відмічаються за більшого вмісту частинок ТіС, в основному внаслідок скорочення відстані між армуючими наночастинками ТіС.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:02:15Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
UDC 539.4
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced
Iron-Matrix Composites
J. M. Kim,
1
J. S. Park, and H. S. Yun
Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of
Korea
1 jmk7475@hanbat.ac.kr
ÓÄÊ 539.4
Ìèêðîñòðóêòóðà è ìåõàíè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà êîìïîçèòíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ íà
îñíîâå æåëåçà, àðìèðîâàííûõ íàíî÷àñòèöàìè TiC
Æ. Ì. Êèì
1
, Æ. Ñ. Ïàê, Õ. Ñ. Þí
Ôàêóëüòåò èíæåíåðèè ïðèêëàäíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, Íàöèîíàëüíûé Õàíáàòñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò,
Òý÷æîí, Ðåñïóáëèêà Êîðåÿ
Êîìïîçèòíûå ìàòåðèàëû íà îñíîâå æåëåçà, àðìèðîâàííûå ðàâíîìåðíî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè
íàíî÷àñòèöàìè TiC, ïîëó÷åíû ñ ïîìîùüþ ïëàíåòàðíîãî ôðåçåðîâàíèÿ â àðãîíå è ïîñëåäóþùå-
ãî ãîðÿ÷åãî ïðåññîâàíèÿ. Ïóòåì èçìåëü÷åíèÿ â òå÷åíèå 6 ÷àñîâ è ãîðÿ÷åãî ïðåññîâàíèÿ ìàòå-
ðèàëà ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 1100�C è äàâëåíèè 50 MÏa îêàçàëîñü âîçìîæíûì ïîëó÷èòü îáðàçöû
êîìïîçèòíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ ñ ïî÷òè ìàêñèìàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòüþ. Èññëåäîâàíû ñôåðè÷åñêèå
÷àñòèöû TiC è âîëîêíèñòûå ìåëêîäèñïåðñíûå Fe3C ôàçû, êîòîðûå îáðàçóþò ìàòðèöó êîìïî-
çèòíîãî ìàòåðèàëà íà îñíîâå æåëåçà. Ìèêðîñòðóêòóðíûé àíàëèç ïîêàçàë, ÷òî óñðåäíåííûé
äèàìåòð ÷àñòèö TiC è äëèíà Fe3C ôàç óìåíüøàþòñÿ ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì îáúåìíîãî ñîäåðæàíèÿ
÷àñòèö TiC. Çíà÷åíèå ïðåäåëà òåêó÷åñòè ïðè ñæàòèè êîìïîçèòíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ïîëó÷åííûõ
ãîðÿ÷èì ïðåññîâàíèåì, óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî ñîäåðæàíèþ ÷àñòèö TiC: 1,3 ÃÏà äëÿ
7,5% TiC. Èññëåäîâàíà âçàèìîñâÿçü ìåæäó ìèêðîñòðóêòóðíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè è ïðå-
äåëîì òåêó÷åñòè êîìïîçèòíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, àðìèðîâàííûõ ÷àñòèöàìè TiC. Íà îñíîâå ìåõà-
íèçìà óïðî÷íåíèÿ Îðîâàíà ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî áîëåå âûñîêîå çíà÷åíèå ïðî÷íîñòè
èìååò ìåñòî ïðè áîëüøåì ñîäåðæàíèè ÷àñòèö TiC, â îñíîâíîì âñëåäñòâèå ñîêðàùåíèÿ
ðàññòîÿíèÿ ìåæäó àðìèðóþùèìè íàíî÷àñòèöàìè TiC.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: êîìïîçèò ñ ìàòðèöåé íà îñíîâå æåëåçà, íàíî÷àñòèöà TiC, ìèêðî-
ñòðóêòóðà, ìåõàíè÷åñêîå ëåãèðîâàíèå, ãîðÿ÷åå ïðåññîâàíèå.
Introduction. Metals and alloys are often reinforced with ceramics to enhance their
strength and wear resistance, and various metal-ceramic composites are widely used in
many industrial fields. Among these, the iron- based composites have gained a considerable
attention insofar as they possess both excellent mechanical properties and relatively low
cost [1–4]. Titanium carbide has been frequently chosen as a reinforcing material to iron
matrix due to its high values of hardness, elastic modulus and chemical stability [5–7].
Metal-matrix composites can be classified into various types, including fiber- and particle-
reinforced. Although the largest enhancement in mechanical properties can be achieved with
fiber reinforcements, particle-reinforced composites exhibit an advantage of isotropic
properties. There are also diverse ways to fabricate particle-reinforced iron-matrix
composites, but powder metallurgy routes involving the addition of TiC powders to iron
powders are often considered as the most suitable method, especially for nanosized
reinforcing particles [5–8]. Composite powders can be prepared by many different methods,
© J. M. KIM, J. S. PARK, H. S. YUN, 2014
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2 29
and mechanical alloying (MA) is one of the most appropriate methods that may involve a
wide range of reinforcing particle volume fractions and provide the uniform distribution of
fine particles in the matrix. Grain size reduction of alloys via mechanical alloying process
is also of interest, because it may improve the mechanical strength of these alloys, possibly
even without deteriorating their ductility [1].
Indeed, the hardness and yield strength of the metal-matrix composites can be
noticeably improved by increasing the volume percent of the reinforcing hard phase in the
matrix, but, as with the most metal-matrix composites, the remarkable reduction in ductility
through the addition of hard and brittle ceramic particles to the metal is inevitable. The
influence of reinforcing particle size on the mechanical properties is complicated. Finer
reinforcing particles are expected to increase the strength of a composite more effectively
than coarser ones. It has been reported that the yield strength of a cast aluminum alloy was
remarkably increased by nanosized SiC particles, and this improvement was much higher
as compared to the reinforcing effect of adding the same amount of microsized SiC
particles [9]. However, very fine particles tend to easily agglomerate, and this may probably
result in lower strength and ductility values [4]. A porosity associated with particle
agglomeration can be also influential.
However, if very fine spherical TiC particles are uniformly distributed in the metal
matrix, the enhancement of hardness and strength may be possible without sacrificing much
ductility. Paramsothy et al. [10] showed that asddition of alumina nanoparticles to
magnesium alloy could even enhance the ductility. A small amount of submicron-sized
alumina particles also could increase the ductility of magnesium attributed to the
combination effects of grain size reduction, presence of uniformly distributed fine particles,
and slip occurrence on extra nonbasal slip system [11]. But, in case of magnesium matrix
composites, an apparently higher ductility was observed when nanosized alumina particles
were incorporated, as compared to submicron-sized ones [11].
A few studies have been conducted on TiC nanoparticle-reinforced iron-matrix
composites, even though numerous studies on iron composites with micron-sized or larger
reinforcing particles have been carried out. Meanwhile, when micron scale TiC particles
were used to fabricate TiC nanoparticle-reinforced iron-matrix composites, considerably
long-term milling time was usually required [1]. But, it is expected that the milling time can
be significantly reduced if currently commercially available nanosized TiC particles are
directly used. The present research aims to confirm that uniformly distributed TiC
nanoparticle-reinforced iron-matrix composite with high strength and high ductility can be
fabricated via a relatively fast and simple process. Furthermore, the relationship between
microstructure and mechanical properties of nanosized TiC-reinforced iron-matrix
composites has not been clarified yet. Therefore, in this research, iron powders and TiC
nanoparticles were mechanically alloyed for a short time and hot-pressed to produce the
iron-based composites, whereas the correlation between the microstructure and the yield
strength of them was mainly discussed with respect to the volume content of TiC.
Experimental Methods. Elemental powder mixtures containing Fe (0.25 wt.% C)
with an average powder size of 40 �m and TiC with an average size of 20 nm (MTI Corp,
� 99%) were used to prepare the composite powders. The compositions of composites were
implied to contain 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% volume of TiC nanoparticles. After preliminary
mixing of the elemental powder mixtures in a steel jar with a purge of argon for 1 h,
mechanical alloying was carried out at room temperature for 6 h with a high energy
vibratory mill using a stainless steel container and 25.4 mm diameter chrome steel (JIS
SUJ2) balls. This comparatively short milling time of 6 h was set up not in order to obtain a
nanosized grain structure, but to provide homogeneously distributed TiC nanoparticles in
the matrix. The volume fraction ratio of the ball charge in the container was about 0.6 and
the ratio of the ball to powder was 50:1. To avoid oxidation during the milling process, the
container was placed into the high-purity argon atmosphere.
J. M. Kim, J. S. Park, and H. S. Yun
30 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2
After the mechanical alloying, the mixed powders were extracted and placed into a
graphite mold, and then subjected to the uniaxial hot-pressing at the pressure value of
50 MPa in the argon atmosphere. Coin-shaped specimens with the diameter of 25 mm were
finally produced. The hot-pressing condition, at 1100�C for 4 h, was selected through a
series of preliminary experiments to assure that the hot-pressed specimens possess at least
99% density. The increased densification with increased pressing temperature was clearly
observed, but the lowest temperature to obtain a high enough density (� 99%) was
employed for minimizing the grain growth and manufacturing cost. The density was
determined by the Archimedes principle according to ASTM C373-72.
Specimens for optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL
JSM-5600) examination were prepared to follow the conventional metallographic
techniques. The sectioned samples were polished with emery papers of different grits in
succession, and then disk-polished with a diamond paste to get a mirror surface. Phase
identification was performed by using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaku RINT2200)
with CuK� radiation. Transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL 2100 F, 200 kV)
equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) was used to investigate the
microstructure of hot-pressed specimens in depth. TEM specimens were thinned to less
than 100 �m by polishing with SiC paper and punched to disks with a diameter of 3 mm,
while the final thinning was carried out by iron milling. Compressive tests at room
temperature were conducted with an Instron testing machine for the hot-pressed specimens.
Results and Discussion. The diameter of mechanically alloyed iron powders without
TiC addition ranged from a few micrometers to 50 �m. The mean diameter of TiC-
containing powders appeared to be somewhat smaller (~ )30 �m than that of the iron
powders without TiC. However, no clear effects of TiC content on the powder size were
observed. During the high-energy attribution milling process, the elemental powders in the
mixture are repeatedly cold-welded and fractured. The powders are gradually work-
hardened, while the fracture mechanism becomes dominant, resulting in generally decreased
size with the milling time. This powder size reduction will be stopped when a steady state
is established between the cold welding and the fracture rates. The elemental powders
without TiC nanoparticles are softer than those containing TiC, and it seems quite
reasonable that larger powder size is obtained in the absence of TiC particles, due to a
stronger cold-welding effect. Figure 1 shows the XRD analysis patterns for mechanically
alloyed powders with and without reinforcing TiC nanoparticles. It indicates that peaks for
TiC become apparent as the volume percent of TiC particles is increased [12, 13]. Insofar
as the original iron powders contain about 0.25 wt.% C, peaks for Fe3C phases were
expected to be detected, but turned out to be indistinguishable from those for the iron
matrix.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ...
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2 31
Fig. 1. The XRD analysis results for mechanically alloyed Fe+xTiC powders.
Density measurement and SEM microstructure observations confirmed that almost
fully densified composites with no apparent porosity were successfully prepared after the
final hot-pressing process. The applied press temperature of 1100�C, which is relatively
low, should be desirable for the future industrial applications [1, 12]. As shown in Fig. 2,
comparatively uniformly dispersed fine Fe3C phases, as well as TiC particles, were formed
in the hot-pressed composite specimens. The TEM-EDS analyses revealed that the generally
fibrous phase and the spherical phase corresponded to Fe3C and TiC, respectively.
Table 1 shows that the mean length of fibrous Fe3C tends to decrease, while its width
increases with increasing the volume percent of TiC. Since the original size of TiC particles
was about 20 nm, a little agglomeration or coarsening of TiC apparently occurred in all the
specimens. The mean diameter of TiC particles was found to decrease with increasing the
TiC content. Considering that a milling time of 6 h was applied [1, 12], it can be concluded
that uniformly distributed TiC nanoparticle-reinforced iron-matrix composites were
successfully prepared in a short time. Nowadays, many kinds of nanoparticles are
commercially available with reduced costs, so often it would be expedient to mechanically
alloy nanoparticles directly with matrix powders, rather than to convert micron-sized
particles into the nanosized ones through a prolonged milling.
32 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2
J. M. Kim, J. S. Park, and H. S. Yun
T a b l e 1
Morphological Characteristics of Fine Fe3C and TiC Phases in Iron Matrix
TiC,
vol.%
Fe3C TiC
Length (�m) Width (�m) Mean diameter (�m)
2.5 0.82 0.10 0.124
5.0 0.68 0.12 0.088
7.5 0.65 0.15 0.070
a b
c
Fig. 2. TEM micrographs of hot-pressed specimens showing fine phases: (a) 2.5% TiC; (b) 5% TiC;
(c) 7.5% TiC.
The effect of volume percent of TiC on the compressive properties of the hot-pressed
specimens was also investigated. Figure 3 indicates that the yield strength increases
gradually with the volume percent of TiC, and all the investigated specimens possess a
good ductility (at least 40% strain). Noteworthy is that a significant enhancement in
strength was achieved for high volume content of TiC without deterioration of the
elongation characteristics. This combination of increased strength with retained fairly good
ductility is mainly attributed to the refined matrix microstructure, as well as existence of
TiC nanoparticles. In order to differentiate the effect of TiC particles on the strength from
that of Fe3C phases, the compressive yield strength of base specimen (without TiC
addition) is also compared in Fig. 4.
It has been reported that the strengthening of metal matrix by addition of hard
particles is mainly attributed to the load-bearing effect of the reinforcement and the
dislocation strengthening in the matrix [14–16]. The load-bearing effect of the reinforcing
particles is that the reinforcement can share the applied stress directly with the matrix,
whereas the dislocation strengthening is related to the generation of additional dislocations
in the matrix owing to the introduced reinforcement. Since these two mechanisms are
known to be interrelated/coupled, they can produce a combined effect. For particule-
reinforced composites, the load-bearing effect is proportional to the volume percent of
particles, but the effect of dislocation strengthening in the matrix is related to more diverse
mechanisms [17]. One of the main mechanisms contributing to the second effect is the
well-known Orowan stress or stress increase required for passing a dislocation through an
array of impeding particles. The Orowan stress can be simply written as
��
�Orowan
Gb
, (1)
where G is the shear modulus of the matrix, b is the magnitude of the Burgers vector for
the dislocation, and � is the distance of the closest approach of the reinforcing particles.
Thus, the effective value of � can be written as
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
1 81
1 63
2
.
. ,
f
d
(2)
where f is the volume fraction of the reinforcing particles and d is the diameter of the
particles. For the composites in this study, ��Orowan for a given volume percent TiC was
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ...
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Fig. 3. Compressive stress–strain curves for hot-pressed specimens.
Fig. 4. Comparison of compressive yield strength for hot-pressed Fe+xTiC specimens.
ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2 33
calculated and summarized in Table 2. It was assumed that G 81.6 GPa and b 0.248 nm
[18, 19]. Meanwhile, the yield strength increase in the composites due to the load-bearing
effect can be expressed as ( ) ,f m2 � where � m is the yield strength of the matrix [14].
Table 2 shows the experimentally measured compressive yield strength of TiC-
reinforced composites and the calculated values considering the Orowan and the load-
bearing mechanisms. Apparently, the actual strength increase obtained in this experiment
cannot be completely explained by considering only the above two mechanisms. However,
it shows that calculated ��Orowan is significantly higher than ��1 , suggesting that the
Orowan mechanism plays quite a critical role in composites containing very fine particles.
This is due to the relatively low volume fraction and the fine size of the reinforcing
particles. It is also noteworthy that the Orowan mechanism becomes more dominant, as
compared to the load-bearing mechanism, with increasing the TiC content because d
becomes smaller.
The discrepancy between the experimental strength increase values and those calculated
based on the above two mechanisms seems to be mainly attributed to the disregard of the
dislocation-strengthening effect that is related to dislocation generation owing to the elastic
modulus and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the matrix material and
reinforcement. Another reason for the discrepancy may be due to the refined matrix
microstructure, which is also related to the volume content of TiC. A very fine micro-
structure is often obtained by the mechanical alloying process, but some grain growth is
hard to avoid during the consolidation process at a high temperature. The average grain size
with disregard of very fine grains, as estimated from low-magnification SEM micrographs,
was reduced from ~ 20 to ~ 10 �m as the TiC content was increased. This grain size
difference according to the TiC content can be partly attributed to the fact that the grain
growth of the matrix can be suppressed by a particle-pinning effect of fine TiC particles,
especially during the densification process at high temperatures [12]. Although the
mechanical alloying process employed in this study appeared to reduce the grain size not as
effectively as anticipated, the addition of TiC particles has clearly resulted in the average
grain size reduction. The reason why the grain was not significantly refined as expected
seems due to a relatively short milling time. Therefore, if necessary, both strength and
ductility of the TiC-reinforced iron-matrix composites investigated in this study may be
further improved by extending the mechanical alloying time. Futhermore, when the grain
size becomes extremely small, the Hall–Petch grain size strengthening effect should be very
important, too [20].
Conclusions. Uniformly distributed nanosized TiC particle-reinforced iron-matrix
composites were fabricated via short-term mechanical alloying and the following hot-
pressing procedure at a low temperature. Relatively high compressive yield strength and
high ductility could be obtained in the hot-pressed specimens, and the yield strength could
be gradually enhanced by increasing the TiC content. It is proposed that the Orowan
strengthening effect provided by nanosized TiC particles is the main strengthening
mechanism for the TiC particle-reinforced iron-matrix composites. Considering that a
J. M. Kim, J. S. Park, and H. S. Yun
T a b l e 2
Yield Strength Increase of Composite Due to TiC Nanoparticles
TiC,
vol.%
Experiment,
�� y , MPa
�, nm ��Orowan ,
MPa
��1 ,
MPa
� �� �Orowan � 1 ,
MPa
2.5 134 609 67 11.5 78.5
5.0 286 284 143 23.0 166.0
7.5 400 174 233 34.5 267.5
34 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2
comparatively short milling time and a low pressing temperature were applied, the currently
investigated manufacturing procedure appears to be a very efficient method for obtaining
TiC nanoparticle-reinforced iron-matrix composites.
Ð å ç þ ì å
Êîìïîçèòí³ ìàòåð³àëè íà îñíîâ³ çàë³çà, àðìîâàí³ ð³âíîì³ðíî ðîçïîâñþäæåíèìè íàíî-
÷àñòèíêàìè Ò³Ñ, îòðèìàíî çà äîïîìîãîþ ïëàíåòàðíîãî ôðåçåðóâàííÿ â àðãîí³ ³
ïîäàëüøîãî ãàðÿ÷îãî ïðåñóâàííÿ. Øëÿõîì ïîäð³áíåííÿ ïðîòÿãîì 6 ãîäèí ³ ãàðÿ÷îãî
ïðåñóâàííÿ ìàòåð³àëó çà òåìïåðàòóðè 1100�C ³ òèñêó 50 ÌÏà ìîæíà îòðèìàòè çðàçêè
êîìïîçèòíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â ³ç ìàéæå ìàêñèìàëüíîþ ù³ëüí³ñòþ. Äîñë³äæåíî ñôåðè÷í³
÷àñòèíêè Ò³Ñ ³ âîëîêíèñò³ äð³áíîäèñïåðñí³ Fe3C ôàçè, ÿê³ ñïðèÿþòü âèíèêíåííþ
ìàòðèö³ êîìïîçèòíîãî ìàòåð³àëó íà îñíîâ³ çàë³çà. ̳êðîñòðóêòóðíèé àíàë³ç ïîêàçàâ,
ùî óñåðåäíåíèé ä³àìåòð ÷àñòèíîê Ò³Ñ ³ äîâæèíà Fe3C ôàç çìåíøóþòüñÿ ç³ çá³ëüøåí-
íÿì îá’ºìíîãî âì³ñòó ÷àñòèíîê Ò³Ñ. Çíà÷åííÿ ãðàíèö³ òåêó÷îñò³ ïðè ñòèñêàíí³ êîìïî-
çèòíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, îòðèìàíèõ ãàðÿ÷èì ïðåñóâàííÿì, çá³ëüøóºòüñÿ ïðîïîðö³éíî âì³ñ-
òó Ò³Ñ ÷àñòèíîê: 1,3 ÃÏà äëÿ 7,5% Ò³Ñ. Äîñë³äæåíî âçàºìîçâ’ÿçîê ì³æ ì³êðîñòðóê-
òóðíèìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè ³ ãðàíèöåþ òåêó÷îñò³ êîìïîçèòíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â, àðìîâàíèõ
÷àñòèíêàìè Ò³Ñ. Íà îñíîâ³ ìåõàí³çìó çì³öíåííÿ Îðîâàíà ìîæíà ïðèïóñòèòè, ùî
á³ëüø âèñîê³ çíà÷åííÿ ì³öíîñò³ â³äì³÷àþòüñÿ çà á³ëüøîãî âì³ñòó ÷àñòèíîê Ò³Ñ, â
îñíîâíîìó âíàñë³äîê ñêîðî÷åííÿ â³äñòàí³ ì³æ àðìóþ÷èìè íàíî÷àñòèíêàìè Ò³Ñ.
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ...
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Received 22. 11. 2013
36 ISSN 0556-171X. Ïðîáëåìû ïðî÷íîñòè, 2014, ¹ 2
J. M. Kim, J. S. Park, and H. S. Yun
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-112697 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0556-171X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:02:15Z |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publisher | Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kim, J.M. Park, J.S. Yun, H.S. 2017-01-26T10:37:53Z 2017-01-26T10:37:53Z 2014 Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites / J.M. Kim, J.S. Park, H.S. Yun // Проблемы прочности. — 2014. — № 2. — С. 29-36. — Бібліогр.: 20 назв. — англ. 0556-171X https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112697 539.4 Uniformly distributed TiC nanoparticle-reinforced
 iron-based composites were successfully
 fabricated by planetary milling in argon and subsequent
 hot pressing procedures. Nearly full density
 composite specimens could be obtained via
 6-hour milling and hot pressing at 1100° C under
 50 MPa. Spherical TiC particles and fine fibrous
 Fe₃C phases were observed to form the iron-matrix
 composites and subjected to comparative
 analysis. Microstructural analysis results show
 that theaverage diameter of TiC particles and
 the length of Fe₃C phases tend to decrease with
 an increase in a TiC volume content. The compression
 yield strength of hot-pressed composites
 increased in proportion to the TiC content,
 resulting in 1.3 GPa for 7.5% TiC. The relationship
 between the microstructural characteristics
 and the yield strength of TiC-reinforced
 composites was also investigated. Based on the
 Orowan strengthening mechanism, a higher
 strength is observed for a high TiC content,
 mainly due to reduced distance between
 reinforcing TiC nanoparticles. Композитные материалы на основе железа, армированные равномерно распространенными наночастицами TiC, получены с помощью планетарного фрезерования в аргоне и последующего горячего прессования. Путем измельчения в течение 6 часов и горячего прессования материала при температуре 1100° C и давлении 50 MПa оказалось возможным получить образцы композитных материалов с почти максимальной плотностью. Исследованы сферические частицы TiC и волокнистые мелкодисперсные Fe₃C фазы, которые образуют матрицу композитного материала на основе железа. Микроструктурный анализ показал, что усредненный диаметр частиц TiC и длина Fe₃C фаз уменьшаются с увеличением объемного содержания частиц TiC. Значение предела текучести при сжатии композитных материалов, полученных горячим прессованием, увеличивается пропорционально содержанию частиц TiC: 1,3 ГПа для 7,5% TiC. Исследована взаимосвязь между микроструктурными характеристиками и пределом текучести композитных материалов, армированных частицами TiC. На основе механизма упрочнения Орована можно предположить, что более высокое значение прочности имеет место при большем содержании частиц TiC, в основном вследствие сокращения расстояния между армирующими наночастицами TiC. Композитні матеріали на основі заліза, армовані рівномірно розповсюдженими нано-частинками ТіС, отримано за допомогою планетарного фрезерування в аргоні і подальшого гарячого пресування. Шляхом подрібнення протягом 6 годин і гарячого пресування матеріалу за температури 1100° C і тиску 50 МПа можна отримати зразки композитних матеріалів із майже максимальною щільністю. Досліджено сферичні частинки ТіС і волокнисті дрібнодисперсні Fe₃C фази, які сприяють виникненню матриці композитного матеріалу на основі заліза. Мікроструктурний аналіз показав, що усереднений діаметр частинок ТіС і довжина Fe₃C фаз зменшуються зі збільшенням об’ємного вмісту частинок ТіС. Значення границі текучості при стисканні композитних матеріалів, отриманих гарячим пресуванням, збільшується пропорційно вмісту ТіС частинок: 1,3 ГПа для 7,5% ТіС. Досліджено взаємозв’язок між мікроструктурними характеристиками і границею текучості композитних матеріалів, армованих частинками ТіС. На основі механізму зміцнення Орована можна припустити, що більш високі значення міцності відмічаються за більшого вмісту частинок ТіС, в основному внаслідок скорочення відстані між армуючими наночастинками ТіС. en Інститут проблем міцності ім. Г.С. Писаренко НАН України Проблемы прочности Научно-технический раздел Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites Микроструктура и механические свойства композитных материалов на основе железа, армированных наночастицами TiC Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites Kim, J.M. Park, J.S. Yun, H.S. Научно-технический раздел |
| title | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites |
| title_alt | Микроструктура и механические свойства композитных материалов на основе железа, армированных наночастицами TiC |
| title_full | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites |
| title_short | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced Iron-Matrix Composites |
| title_sort | microstructure and mechanical properties of tic nanoparticle-reinforced iron-matrix composites |
| topic | Научно-технический раздел |
| topic_facet | Научно-технический раздел |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/112697 |
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