Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia
The article covers Times Higher Education World Universities Rankings and the criteria, according to which these universities are chosen. Most of them are in North America and Europe and represent Anglo-Saxon school, In the list of top universities appears more and more technical and natural science...
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Haroutiunian, T. 2017-03-21T18:04:37Z 2017-03-21T18:04:37Z 2014 Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia / T. Haroutiunian // Наука та інновації. — 2014. — Т. 10, № 2. — С. 87-90. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. 1815-2066 DOI: doi.org/10.15407/scin10.02.087 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/114970 The article covers Times Higher Education World Universities Rankings and the criteria, according to which these universities are chosen. Most of them are in North America and Europe and represent Anglo-Saxon school, In the list of top universities appears more and more technical and natural science Asian universities as a result of increasing the number of research universities. The possibility of establishing a research university in Armenia, as well as circumstances that can promote or impede it are considered. The megaprojects implemented in Armenia are presented and the role of research universities in the promotion and establishment of these projects is substantiated. У даній статті наведено список кращих університетів, представлений журналом Tіmes Hіgher Educatіon, а також розглядаються критерії, за якими вони вибираються. Більшість цих університетів знаходиться в Північній Америці і Європі, значна частина з них — представники англо-саксонської школи. У списку кращих університетів з’являється все більше азійських технічних й природничо-наукових вузів, що є наслідком збільшення числа дослідницьких університетів. Розглянуті можливість створення у Вірменії дослідницького університету, а також обставини, які можуть цьому сприяти або перешкоджати. Розглядаються мегапроекти й обґрунтовується роль дослідницьких університетів у просуванні й становленні цих проектів у Вірменії. В данной статье приведен список лучших университетов, представленный журналом Times Higher Education, а также рассматриваются критерии, по которым они выбираются. Большинство этих университетов находится в Северной Америке и Европе, значительная часть из них — представители англо-саксонской школы. В списке лучших университетов появляется все больше азиатских технических и естественно-научных вузов, что является следствием увеличения числа исследовательских университетов. Рассмотрены возможность создания в Армении исследовательского университета, а также обстоятельства, которые могут этому способствовать или препятствовать. Рассматриваются мегапроекты и обосновывается роль исследовательских университетов в продвижении и становлении этих проектов в Армении. en Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України Наука та інновації Світ інновацій Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia Кращі університети світу 2012-2013 рр. за версією журналу Times Higher Education і перспективи розвитку науки у Вірменії Лучшие университеты мира 2012-2013 гг. по версии журнала Times Higher Education и перспективы развития науки в Армении Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia |
| spellingShingle |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia Haroutiunian, T. Світ інновацій |
| title_short |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia |
| title_full |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia |
| title_fullStr |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia |
| title_sort |
times higher education world university rankings for 2012—2013 and prospects of science development in armenia |
| author |
Haroutiunian, T. |
| author_facet |
Haroutiunian, T. |
| topic |
Світ інновацій |
| topic_facet |
Світ інновацій |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Наука та інновації |
| publisher |
Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Кращі університети світу 2012-2013 рр. за версією журналу Times Higher Education і перспективи розвитку науки у Вірменії Лучшие университеты мира 2012-2013 гг. по версии журнала Times Higher Education и перспективы развития науки в Армении |
| description |
The article covers Times Higher Education World Universities Rankings and the criteria, according to which these universities are chosen. Most of them are in North America and Europe and represent Anglo-Saxon school, In the list of top universities appears more and more technical and natural science Asian universities as a result of increasing the number of research universities. The possibility of establishing a research university in Armenia, as well as circumstances that can promote or impede it are considered. The megaprojects implemented in Armenia are presented and the role of research universities in the promotion and establishment of these projects is substantiated.
У даній статті наведено список кращих університетів,
представлений журналом Tіmes Hіgher Educatіon, а також розглядаються критерії, за якими вони вибираються. Більшість цих університетів знаходиться в Північній
Америці і Європі, значна частина з них — представники
англо-саксонської школи. У списку кращих університетів з’являється все більше азійських технічних й природничо-наукових вузів, що є наслідком збільшення числа
дослідницьких університетів. Розглянуті можливість створення у Вірменії дослідницького університету, а також
обставини, які можуть цьому сприяти або перешкоджати. Розглядаються мегапроекти й обґрунтовується роль
дослідницьких університетів у просуванні й становленні цих проектів у Вірменії.
В данной статье приведен список лучших университетов, представленный журналом Times Higher Education, а
также рассматриваются критерии, по которым они выбираются. Большинство этих университетов находится в Северной Америке и Европе, значительная часть из них —
представители англо-саксонской школы. В списке лучших университетов появляется все больше азиатских
технических и естественно-научных вузов, что является
следствием увеличения числа исследовательских университетов. Рассмотрены возможность создания в Армении исследовательского университета, а также обстоятельства, которые могут этому способствовать или препятствовать. Рассматриваются мегапроекты и обосновывается роль исследовательских университетов в продвижении и становлении этих проектов в Армении.
|
| issn |
1815-2066 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/114970 |
| citation_txt |
Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2012—2013 and Prospects of Science Development in Armenia / T. Haroutiunian // Наука та інновації. — 2014. — Т. 10, № 2. — С. 87-90. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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87
© T. HAROUTIUNIAN, 2014
Наука та інновації. 2014. Т. 10. № 2. С. 87—90
T. Haroutiunian
«NoravankFoundation», Republic of Armenia
TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS
FOR 2012—2013 AND PROSPECTS OF SCIENCE
DEVELOPMENT IN ARMENIA
The article covers Times Higher Education World Universities Rankings and the criteria, according to which these
universities are chosen. Most of them are in North America and Europe and represent Anglo-Saxon school, In the list of top
universities appears more and more technical and natural science Asian universities as a result of increasing the number of
research universities. The possibility of establishing a research university in Armenia, as well as circumstances that can
promote or impede it are considered. The megaprojects implemented in Armenia are presented and the role of research
universities in the promotion and establishment of these projects is substantiated.
K e y w o r d s: education, science, research university, ranking, Armenia, megaproject, scientometrics.
Since 2010 Times Higher Education journal1 in
association with Thomson Reuters information
agency2 has been presenting the list of world’s
best universities - THE World University Rankings3,
which is one of the world’s best 3 rankings of the
universities (THE World University Rankings, QS
World University Rankings և Academic Ranking of
World Universities).
Methodology of rankings was elaborated joint-
ly. The performance of the universities is assessed
by combination of the statistical analysis, reports
and assessments of the higher education institu-
tions given by international academic experts and
employers.
The survey is conducted among the thousands
of experts and employers from around the world.
The criteria of the experts are the efficiency of
1 http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/
2 http://thomsonreuters.com/
3 http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-universi-
ty-rankings/
the activity and scientomentric analysis of the ci-
tations, experience of the educational and aca-
demic activity in the universities, the availability
of at least 50 printed works, etc.
The experts choose 400 of 6000 universities
whe re the best education can be received.
In the annual rankings points given to the uni-
versities – up to 100. The point given to the uni-
versity is a sum of 5 main criteria.
Those criteria are:
1. Teaching, teaching environment (it includes
several sub-criteria: professors and students ratio,
academic space per student, comparative number of
the doctors among the lecturer, lecturer-students
relations, etc.) This constitutes 30 % of a total point
given to the higher education institution.
2. Amount of researches, profits obtained, rank-
ing (it includes several sub-criteria: total rese ar-
ches number and academic staff number ration,
sums obtained from the commercialization of the
researches, quality of the researches, etc.). This
constitutes 30 % of total points given to the high-
er education institution.
88 ISSN 1815-2066. Science and Innovation. T. 10, № 2, 2014
Світ інновацій
3. Citations, influence of the researches (the
citation index of the articles published by the
uni versity staff4). This constitutes 30 % of a total
point given to the higher education institution.
4. Innovations and industrial profits (how ma-
ny employees of the university are involved in
the innovational programs, what is the percent-
age of those programs that are commercialized,
readiness of the industrial facilities to finance
these programs). This constitutes 2.5 % of a total
point given to the higher education institution.
5. International cooperation (it includes sev-
eral sub-criteria: the percentage of the university
staff involved in the international programs, pos-
sibility to admit under-graduate, post-graduate
students and professors from abroad, etc.) This
constitutes 7.5 % of a total point given to the
higher education institution.
The analysis of 2012—2013 rankings shows
that the best universities are mostly in the North
America (128 universities) and Europe (178 uni-
versities). Approximately half of them are the
representatives of the Anglo-Saxon «school». 7 of
Top Ten and 47 of Top 100 universities are Ame-
rican. 57 Asian universities were listed among the
best universities.
Interesting dynamics can be observed concern-
ing the involvement of the Asian universities. For
example, for recent 3 years the number of the
Asian universities has almost doubled – from 27
to 57. The number of the Asian universities has
grown mostly at the expense of the North Ame-
rican and European universities.
46 of 50 best universities with orientation in
humanities are the representatives of the Anglo-
Saxon school. Among the universities specializ-
ing in the natural science and technologies the
Anglo-Saxon school yields its position and con-
stitutes only a half of 50 best universities.
The analysis of the rankings proves that the
North American and European universities still
occupy leading positions and constitute the ma-
jority in the list of top 400 universities. Par ti cu-
4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_index
larly, the representatives of the Anglo-Saxon school
stand out among them. The American and European
universities provide best education in the field of
humanities and they still are beyond competition.
This is an evidence of high level of development and
traditions of the humanities there.
The picture is not the same in the field of natu-
ral science and technologies. Though European
and American universities occupy leading posi-
tions, nevertheless from year to year they yield
their positions to the Asian universities. Natural
sciences and technologies have especially been
booming in the South-East Asian countries re-
cently and this is a result of huge investments and
reforms in the sphere of science.
The representative growth of the Asian univer-
sities has been mainly conditioned by the growth
of the number of the research universities.
There are 3 main models of research universi-
ties — American, European and Asian.
In American model the status of the research uni-
versity is settled at the basis of public expertise and
the main criterion is the amount of the funds for the
researches received by means of competition.
There is a League of the European Research
Universities (LERU5). Most of the European re-
search universities are the members of this league
and leaders of the European educational system.
In Asia the research universities are formed on
the basis of administrative decisions. Unlike
European and American research universities,
the Asian ones constitute a mighty educational
system which was formed from the ground up.
The research universities should meet the fol-
lowing criteria:
1. Availability of scientific schools.
2. Efficiency of the scientific researches.
3. Possibility to provide higher professional
education.
4. Availability of modern scientific infrastruc-
ture and material and technical facilities.
5. Some level of integration in the internation-
al programs
5 http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/home/
89ISSN 1815-2066. Наука та інновації. T. 10, № 2, 2014
Світ інновацій
6. Possibility to carry out innovative activity.
7. Some level of diversification of the funding
sources.
8. Possibility to form culture of educational
environment.
Turning to the history of formation and sharp
growth of the number of the research universi-
ties, it should be mentioned that the research
universities came forward as developing institu-
tions which provide support and maintenance to
the science-consuming industry.
The research universities form the basis of the
science-consuming projects.
For example, the biggest scientific and techno-
logical project of China — Shanghai Synchrotron
Radiation Facility (SSRF6) which was initiated
and built by The Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics (SINAP7).
The cost of the project is about $200 million
and it is one the best 4th generation accelerators
in the world.
The Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics is
considered to be one of the best research univer-
sities in China and is one of the biggest centers
for studying nuclear physics, photons, as well as
commercialization of scientific and technological
innovations.
Armenia has also chosen the way of implement-
ing megaprojects.
Currently two big scientific and technological
projects are carried out in Armenia — 3rd genera-
tion CANDLE synchrotron accelerator8 (the cost
of the project is approximately $120 million) and
production of radionuclides at the Yerevan Phy-
sics Institute (cost — $50 million).
The first project will foster development of
phy sics, chemistry, biology, medicine, nanotech-
nologies and science-consumption industry of
new quality.
It should be mentioned that there are no ac-
celerators with such technological capacity in the
6 http://ssrf.sinap.ac.cn/english/
7 http://english.sinap.cas.cn/
8 http://www.candle.am/
Middle East and CIS countries, thus Armenia
will have an exclusive position in these regions.
The first stage of CANDLE project — building
of AREAL9 linear accelerator, has already been
accomplished.
Agreements on cooperation with Germany, Swi-
tzerland, France, Russia, Italy and China were
signed. The equipment for AREAL valued at $22
million was donated by the partners.
The second project will trigger development of
medical science, especially in the field of oncolo-
gy. Armenia can become the regional center for
diagnosing and therapy of oncological diseases.
In order to provide implementation and effi-
cient work of these two big projects, preparing of
high quality specialist, establishment of the insti-
tutions with specific scientific specialization, bro-
ad involvement in the international scientific and
educational system, creation of technopark and
incubator of companies, with the help of which
the scientific innovations will be commercialized,
are required.
Such works can be implemented only by estab-
lishment of a new research university.
The project of creation of a research university
in the Republic of Armenia takes special place in
the strategy of the development of science in Ar-
me nia elaborated by the State Committee of Scie n-
ce of the Ministry of Education and Science of
Armenia10. In 2015 it is planned to initiate the works
on the establishment of Technological Research
University specializing in the natural sciences.
The scientific and educational environment in
Armenia corresponds to some of the aforemen-
tioned criteria. There are traditional schools in
the fields of physics, biology and chemistry. Ac-
cor ding to the efficiency of the scientific research-
es Armenia occupies second place after Israel
among the CIS and Middle East countries11.
The level of involvement in the international
programs is also high.
9 http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/
10 http://thomsonreuters.com/
11 http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-universi-
ty-rankings/
90 ISSN 1815-2066. Science and Innovation. T. 10, № 2, 2014
Світ інновацій
The available scientific and educational infrast-
ructures will also play great supplementary role.
Among the impeding factors numerous prob-
lems in educational and scientific spheres can be
mentioned:
a. Problems connected with the transitional
period in the secondary education,
b. Lack of correspondence of the educational
programs to the modern demands,
c. Corruption in the education system,
d. Outdated material and technical base,
e. Restricted interest of the private sector in
commercialization of the scientific production,
f. Lack of funding of science.
To avoid many of these problems an absolutely
new university should be established not on the
basis of the existing universities because under
such conditions only a newly established univer-
sity will avoid inheriting all the main problems of
its forerunner.
The educational process should be carried out
within the framework of leading international ed-
ucational programs and academic institutions in
order to provide education-science connection.
The academic staff should be picked out from
the scientific community which will provide sci-
ence-education-science connection and will rule
out current problems in the field of education.
The funds allocated for the research university
should be distributed in a different way from the
traditional universities. At least 35—40% should
be allotted exclusively for the scientific research-
es (in the Armenian universities 0—10% of the
funds are devoted to the science).
The university should have a campus which
will help to form a specific culture inherent in the
international educational and scientific centers.
There should also be a technopark where the
prospective innovatory projects will be commer-
cialized.
Despite all the problems, Armenia must follow
the way of implementation of megaprojects and
creation of research universities if it wants to
have competitive education, science, economy
and, of course, state in the 21st century.
Otherwise we will be obliged to remain service
providing and raw material exporting state which
cannot be viable in long-term prospects.
The experience of the countries with develop-
ing and competitive science proves it.
Т. Арутюнян
ЛУЧШИЕ УНИВЕРСИТЕТЫ МИРА 2012—2013 гг.
ПО ВЕРСИИ ЖУРНАЛА TIMES HIGHER
EDUCATION И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
НАУКИ В АРМЕНИИ
В данной статье приведен список лучших университе-
тов, представленный журналом Times Higher Education, а
также рассматриваются критерии, по которым они выби-
раются. Большинство этих университетов находится в Се-
верной Америке и Европе, значительная часть из них —
представители англо-саксонской школы. В списке луч-
ших университетов появляется все больше азиатских
технических и естественно-научных вузов, что является
следствием увеличения числа исследовательских уни-
верситетов. Рассмотрены возможность создания в Арме-
нии исследовательского университета, а также обстоя-
тельства, которые могут этому способствовать или пре-
пятствовать. Рассматриваются мегапроекты и обос но вы-
вается роль исследовательских университетов в продви-
жении и становлении этих проектов в Армении.
Ключевые слова: образование, наука, исследовате-
льский университет, рейтинг, Армения, мегапроект, нау-
кометрия.
Т. Арутюнян
КРАЩІ УНІВЕРСИТЕТИ СВІТУ 2012–2013 рр.
ЗА ВЕРСІЄЮ ЖУРНАЛУ TІMES HІGHER
EDUCATІON І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ
НАУКИ У ВІРМЕНІЇ
У даній статті наведено список кращих університетів,
представлений журналом Tіmes Hіgher Educatіon, а та-
кож розглядаються критерії, за якими вони вибирають-
ся. Більшість цих університетів знаходиться в Північній
Америці і Європі, значна частина з них — представники
англо-саксонської школи. У списку кращих університе-
тів з’являється все більше азійських технічних й при род-
ничо-наукових вузів, що є наслідком збільшення числа
дослідницьких університетів. Розглянуті можливість ство-
рення у Вірменії дослідницького університету, а також
обставини, які можуть цьому сприяти або перешкоджа-
ти. Розглядаються мегапроекти й обґрунтовується роль
дослідницьких університетів у просуванні й становленні
цих проектів у Вірменії.
Ключові слова: освіта, наука, дослідницький універ-
ситет, рейтинг, Вірменія, мегапроект, наукометрія.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 18.11.13
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/NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.)
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/ENU (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 5.0 and later.)
/UKR <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>
>>
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(Common)
(1.0)
]
/OtherNamespaces [
<<
/AsReaderSpreads false
/CropImagesToFrames true
/ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
/FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
/IncludeGuidesGrids false
/IncludeNonPrinting false
/IncludeSlug false
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(InDesign)
(4.0)
]
/OmitPlacedBitmaps false
/OmitPlacedEPS false
/OmitPlacedPDF false
/SimulateOverprint /Legacy
>>
<<
/AddBleedMarks false
/AddColorBars false
/AddCropMarks false
/AddPageInfo false
/AddRegMarks false
/ConvertColors /ConvertToCMYK
/DestinationProfileName ()
/DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/Downsample16BitImages true
/FlattenerPreset <<
/PresetSelector /MediumResolution
>>
/FormElements false
/GenerateStructure false
/IncludeBookmarks false
/IncludeHyperlinks false
/IncludeInteractive false
/IncludeLayers false
/IncludeProfiles false
/MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
/Namespace [
(Adobe)
(CreativeSuite)
(2.0)
]
/PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
/PreserveEditing true
/UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
/UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
/UseDocumentBleed false
>>
]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
/HWResolution [2400 2400]
/PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice
|