Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure
The possibility of different acceleration of hydrogen and deuterium ions in a single accelerating RFQ channel is considered. Effective capture of particles into acceleration in general case may be proved by optimization of the physical characteristics of injector and RFQ. Analysis of particles dyn...
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Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2016
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1153582025-02-23T20:19:18Z Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure Ускорение различных типов ионов в одном ускорителе с ПОКФ Прискорення різних типів іонів в одному прискорювачі з ПОКФ Ovsyannikov, A.D. Durkin, A.P. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Svistunov, Yu.A. Теория и техника ускорения частиц The possibility of different acceleration of hydrogen and deuterium ions in a single accelerating RFQ channel is considered. Effective capture of particles into acceleration in general case may be proved by optimization of the physical characteristics of injector and RFQ. Analysis of particles dynamics is illustrated by calculation’s results. Рассматривается возможность раздельного ускорения ионов водорода и дейтерия в одном ускоряющем тракте линейного ускорителя с ПОКФ. Эффективный захват частиц в ускоряющий режим в общем случае может быть обеспечен оптимизацией параметров инжектора и ускорителя. Анализ динамики частиц проиллюстрирован результатами вычислений. Розглядається можливість роздільного прискорення іонів водню і дейтерію в одному прискорювальному тракті лінійного прискорювача з ПОКФ. Ефективне захоплення частинок у прискорювальний режим у загальному випадку може бути забезпечено оптимізацією параметрів інжектора та прискорювача. Аналіз динаміки частинок проілюстровано результатами обчислень. 2016 Article Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure / A.D. Ovsyannikov, A.P. Durkin, D.A. Ovsyannikov, Yu.A. Svistunov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2016. — № 3. — С. 54-56. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.20.-c; 29.27.Bd https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/115358 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
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English |
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Теория и техника ускорения частиц Теория и техника ускорения частиц |
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Теория и техника ускорения частиц Теория и техника ускорения частиц Ovsyannikov, A.D. Durkin, A.P. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Svistunov, Yu.A. Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
The possibility of different acceleration of hydrogen and deuterium ions in a single accelerating RFQ channel is
considered. Effective capture of particles into acceleration in general case may be proved by optimization of the physical
characteristics of injector and RFQ. Analysis of particles dynamics is illustrated by calculation’s results. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Ovsyannikov, A.D. Durkin, A.P. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Svistunov, Yu.A. |
| author_facet |
Ovsyannikov, A.D. Durkin, A.P. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Svistunov, Yu.A. |
| author_sort |
Ovsyannikov, A.D. |
| title |
Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure |
| title_short |
Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure |
| title_full |
Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure |
| title_fullStr |
Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure |
| title_sort |
acceleration of different ion types in single rfq structure |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| topic_facet |
Теория и техника ускорения частиц |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/115358 |
| citation_txt |
Acceleration of different ion types in single RFQ structure / A.D. Ovsyannikov, A.P. Durkin, D.A. Ovsyannikov, Yu.A. Svistunov // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2016. — № 3. — С. 54-56. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ. |
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Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
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ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2016. №3(103) 54
ACCELERATION OF DIFFERENT ION TYPES
IN SINGLE RFQ STRUCTURE
A.D. Ovsyannikov, A.P. Durkin, D.A. Ovsyannikov, Yu.A. Svistunov
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: ovs74@mail.ru
The possibility of different acceleration of hydrogen and deuterium ions in a single accelerating RFQ channel is
considered. Effective capture of particles into acceleration in general case may be proved by optimization of the physi-
cal characteristics of injector and RFQ. Analysis of particles dynamics is illustrated by calculation’s results.
PACS: 29.20.-c; 29.27.Bd
INTRODUCTION
It is known different acceleration of protons and deu-
terons in single cyclotron. In this case to obtain both of
ion types from single plasma source one can simply to
substitute working gas in source camera. Acceleration
of deuterons is realized on higher harmonic of the RF
field than hydrogen ions. Energy of injection into cyclo-
tron, dee voltage, and final energy in case of deuteron
acceleration are twice less than the same parameters for
proton acceleration. Separate acceleration of protons
and deuterons in single LINAC is possible too, but then
some reverse of parameters mentioned above must be
made. So injection energy of H ions into RFQ, RFQ
wane voltage, their final energy must be twice less in
comparison with the same parameters for D ions. But
specific energy (energy per nucleon) will be equal in
both cases.
1. INJECTION AND ACCELERATION
PROBLEM
Preparation of ion beams for injection into accelerat-
ing resonators is realized by injection system (injector).
Injector consists of ions source and LEBT. LEBT pre
accelerate and form beam before injection into RFQ.
Preacceleration and formation system includes electro-
static and (or) electromagnetic lenses focusing the beam
and electromagnetic correctors too. Parameters of these
elements (for example amplitudes and field distribution)
one can consider as control function relative to the ion
beam [1]. Correct choice of parameters of injection sys-
tem elements and matching section of RFQ help to
achieve optimal matching between beam emittance on
the RFQ entrance and RFQ acceptance.
But it is serious problem if one need accelerate two
of different beams in single channel because different
nonlinear Coulomb interactions H and D ions. The val-
ues of the currents, energy spectra, phase volumes etc.
may be different too. When currents of H and D ions are
small it is possible to form approximate equal phase
volumes of H and D beams in transverse phase planes
xx’ and yy’ on the RFQ matching section entrance. In
such case one may wait 90…100% capture into acceler-
ation both of ion types. In general case when RFQ
matching section is optimal according with D ion beam
but beam current, phase volume orientation of H ion
beam significantly distinguish from the same parameters
of D-beam, capture and beam transmission of H ion
beam will decrease as far as difference of currents will
increase. On Figs. 1-6 characteristics of D and H ion
beams on RFQ exit depending on beam current and
vane voltage are shown. Initial data for calculations are
presented in the table. Initial beams were accorded with
focusing channel.
RFQ frequency, MHz 432
Vane length, m 6.5
Average channel radius, mm 1.8
Vane voltage, kV 50, 25
Injection energy of H-ions beam, keV 25
Injection energy of D-ions beam, keV 50
Initial dP/P 0
Final energy of H-ions beam, MeV 2.5
Final energy of D-ions beam, MeV 5
RMS emittance, cm·rad 0.05
Fig. 1. Dependence of ion capture effectiveness
on vane voltage and beam current
Fig. 2. Dependence of pulsed spectrum width
of H and D ion beams on vane voltage
and beam current
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2016. №3(103) 55
Fig. 3. Dependence of phase spectrum width
of H and D ion beams on vane voltage
and beam current
As interesting result of calculations one can note that
increasing of vane voltage in comparison with similarity
principle for lighter ions in this case is useful.
Fig. 4. Phase volume of D ion beam of 24 mA current
and vane voltage 50 kV in energy-phase plane
Fig. 5. Phase volume of H ion beam of 24 mA current
and vane voltage 50 kV in energy-phase plane
Fig. 6. Phase volume of H ion beam of 24 mA current
and vane voltage 25 kV in energy-phase plane
2. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
In general case when phase volumes of H and D
beams have different orientation in phase planes xx’ and
yy’ one can seek compromise solution using for exam-
ple method presented [2, 3]. In these papers matching
section geometry is formed to accelerate beam, which
have transversal phase volume at random oriented rela-
tively acceptance of RFQ regular structure. It is known
[4] that under some condition such as linear approxima-
tion of accelerating and focusing fields, micro canonical
charge distribution and representation of bunches uni-
formly charged ellipsoids, equations of particle dynam-
ics in RFQ channel may be presented in following form:
0,,,,, 02
2
xrrUItK
dt
xd
yxx , (1)
0,,,,, 02
2
yrrUItK
dt
yd
yxy , (2)
where t time; U vane voltage; I average beam
current; xr , yr envelopes of beam in xx’ and yy’
planes; 0 initial phase. Such equations may be used
to describe dynamics in radial matching section too. In
case of separate acceleration of two beams one need
consider two of systems look like (1), (2) attaching all
dependent variables index H or D. To determine func-
tions xr , yr in [2] used matrix algebra method. Let
consider matrices xA , yA depending on xK , yK and
matrices xG , yG which determine ellipses by filled
points presented real particles in phase space, while take
place conditions
1 xG , 1 yG ,
21, , x1 , dtdx2 ,
21, , y1 , dtdy2 .
In case of two separate beams matrix elements xHG ,
yHG , xDG , yDG determine envelopes and orientation
of phase ellipses in phase space. Let consider system of
equations:
xHxHxHxHxH AGGAG
dt
d
, (3)
yHyHyHyHyH AGGAG
dt
d
, (4)
xDxDxDxDxD AGGAG
dt
d
, (5)
yDyDyDyDyD AGGAG
dt
d
. (6)
Optimization process includes solution of system of
equations (3)-(6) together with auxiliary conjugate on
the interval from the entrance of regular part of RFQ to
the entrance of radial matching section, i.e. from t=T to
t=0. Initial conditions for the system (3)-(6) are the ma-
trices of ellipses defining acceptances of regular part of
accelerator, depend on initial phase 0 :
00, xHTxH GTG , (7)
00, yHTyH GTG , (8)
00, xDTxD GTG , (9)
00, yDTyD GTG . (10)
The optimization problem for the radial matching
section is to find a function of radius change along the
matching section, providing under condition (7)-(10) the
maximum possible overlapping of family of ellipses at
the entrance of the radial matching section. Optimiza-
tion procedure is lead to minimization of functional
ISSN 1562-6016. ВАНТ. 2016. №3(103) 56
,004003
002001
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
dcdc
dcdcuI
yDxD
yHxH
(11)
where constants ic are choose taking into account cur-
rent’s difference DH II . Functions in expres-
sion (11) are determined as
200 ,0Sp xxHxH BG ,
200 ,0Sp yyHyH BG ,
200 ,0Sp xxDxD BG ,
200 ,0Sp yyDyD BG .
Here xB and yB are given matrices and according
to ellipses which intermediate oriented between xHG
and xDG and yHG and yDG .
Functional (11) estimate the degree of mutual over-
lapping of ellipses corresponding to various initial phas-
es at the entrance of matching section. 1 and 2 are
limits of variation of initial phase 0 ; DH , . Ex-
amples of choice of functionals and procedure of its
minimization for similar tasks are given in [5 - 10].
CONCLUSIONS
Acceleration of two types of ions with near relation
in single accelerating channel may be used in big pro-
jects to obtain a lot of multicharged ions of different
types and for some applied purposes. For example in big
system for carbon therapy [11]: acceleration of mul-
ticharged ions before injection into big ring.
REFERENCES
1. S.A. Kozynchenko, Yu.A. Svistunov. Application of
field and dynamics code to LEBT optimization //
NIM. 2006, v. A558, p. 295-298.
2. A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, S.L. Chung.
Optimization of a radial matching section // Interna-
tional Journal of Modern Physics A. 2009, v. 24,
№ 5, p. 952-958.
3. A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, Yu.A.
Svistunov, A.P. Durkin, M.F. Vorogushin. Beam
dynamics optimization: models, methods and appli-
cations // NIM. 2006, v. A 558, № 1, p. 11-19.
4. I.M. Kapchinsky. Theory of linear resonance accel-
erator. M.: “Energoizdat”, 1982, p. 240.
5. A.D. Ovsyannikov. Mathematical models of beam
dynamics optimization. Saint-Petersburg: VVM,
2014, p. 181, ISBN 978-5-9651-0881-7.
6. A.D. Ovsyannikov, D.A. Ovsyannikov, A.P. Durkin,
Chang Sheng-Luen. Optimization of Matching Sec-
tion of an Accelerator with a Spatially Uniform
Quadrupole Focusing // Technical Physics. 2009,
v. 54, № 11, p. 1663-1666.
7. A.D. Ovsyannikov. Mathematical model of charged
particles dynamics optimization in RFQ accelerators
// Proc. of IPAC 2012 International Particle Ac-
celerator Conf. 2012, p. 298-300.
8. D.A. Ovsyannikov, A.D. Ovsyannikov. New ap-
proach to optimization of RFQ radial matching sec-
tion // Proc. of IPAC 2010 1st International Parti-
cle Accelerator Conf. 2010, p. 1351-1353.
9. B.I. Bondarev, A.P. Durkin, A.D. Ovsyannikov.
New mathematical optimization models for RFQ
structures // Proc. of PAC’99 the IEEE Particle
Accelerator Conf. The 18
th
Biennial Particle Accel-
erator Conf. New York, NY, USA, 1999, p. 2808-
2810.
10. D.A Ovsyannikov. Modeling and optimization
problems of charged particle beam dynamics // Proc.
of ECC 1997 European Control Conf. 4. 1997,
p. 1463-1467.
11. K. Noda, T. Fujusawa, T. Furukawa, et al. Proposal
for carbon-beam facility for the cancer therapy in
Japan // Proc. of EPAC 2004, Lucerne, Switzerland,
p. 2634-2636.
Article received 15.03.2016
УСКОРЕНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТИПОВ ИОНОВ В ОДНОМ УСКОРИТЕЛЕ С ПОКФ
А.Д. Овсянников, А.П. Дуркин, Д.А. Овсянников, Ю.А. Свистунов
Рассматривается возможность раздельного ускорения ионов водорода и дейтерия в одном ускоряющем
тракте линейного ускорителя с ПОКФ. Эффективный захват частиц в ускоряющий режим в общем случае
может быть обеспечен оптимизацией параметров инжектора и ускорителя. Анализ динамики частиц проил-
люстрирован результатами вычислений.
ПРИСКОРЕННЯ РІЗНИХ ТИПІВ ІОНІВ В ОДНОМУ ПРИСКОРЮВАЧІ З ПОКФ
О.Д. Овсянников, А.П. Дуркін, Д.О. Овсянников, Ю.О. Свистунов
Розглядається можливість роздільного прискорення іонів водню і дейтерію в одному прискорювальному
тракті лінійного прискорювача з ПОКФ. Ефективне захоплення частинок у прискорювальний режим у зага-
льному випадку може бути забезпечено оптимізацією параметрів інжектора та прискорювача. Аналіз дина-
міки частинок проілюстровано результатами обчислень.
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