An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites
Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC composites were fabricated. Ceramics powders of bismuth titanate were prepared by the sol-gel method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO₃)₃⋅₅H₂O and tetrabutyl titanate Ti(CH₃(CH₂)₃O)₄ as precursors. The Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC composites were fabricated from ceramics powders and polymer po...
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| Cite this: | An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites / E. Nogas-Ćwikiel, H. Bernard // Condensed Matter Physics. — 2013. — Т. 16, № 3. — С. 31705:1-4. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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Nogas-Ćwikiel, E. Bernard, H. 2017-06-13T05:33:48Z 2017-06-13T05:33:48Z 2013 An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites / E. Nogas-Ćwikiel, H. Bernard // Condensed Matter Physics. — 2013. — Т. 16, № 3. — С. 31705:1-4. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1607-324X PACS: 77.84.-s, 77.84.Lf, 77.84.Dy, 81.20.Fw DOI:10.5488/CMP.16.31705 arXiv:1309.6121 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/120841 Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC composites were fabricated. Ceramics powders of bismuth titanate were prepared by the sol-gel method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO₃)₃⋅₅H₂O and tetrabutyl titanate Ti(CH₃(CH₂)₃O)₄ as precursors. The Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC composites were fabricated from ceramics powders and polymer powders by hot-pressing method. Виготовлено композити Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC. Керамiчнi порошки титанату вiсмута приготованi золь-гель методом, використовуючи пентагiдрат нiтрату вiсмута Bi(NO₃)₃⋅₅H₂O i тетрабутил титанат Ti(CH₃(CH₂)₃O)₄ в якостi прекурсорiв. Композити Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC виготовленi з керамiчних порошкiв i полiмерних порошкiв методом гарячого пресування. en Інститут фізики конденсованих систем НАН України Condensed Matter Physics An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites Спроба отримання Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC текстурованих керамiчно-полiмерних композитiв Article published earlier |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites Nogas-Ćwikiel, E. Bernard, H. |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites |
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attempt to obtain bi₄ti₃o₁₂-pvc textured ceramics-polymer composites |
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Nogas-Ćwikiel, E. Bernard, H. |
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Nogas-Ćwikiel, E. Bernard, H. |
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Condensed Matter Physics |
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Спроба отримання Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC текстурованих керамiчно-полiмерних композитiв |
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Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC composites were fabricated. Ceramics powders of bismuth titanate were prepared by the sol-gel method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO₃)₃⋅₅H₂O and tetrabutyl titanate Ti(CH₃(CH₂)₃O)₄ as precursors. The Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC composites were fabricated from ceramics powders and polymer powders by hot-pressing method.
Виготовлено композити Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC. Керамiчнi порошки титанату вiсмута приготованi золь-гель методом, використовуючи пентагiдрат нiтрату вiсмута Bi(NO₃)₃⋅₅H₂O i тетрабутил титанат Ti(CH₃(CH₂)₃O)₄ в якостi прекурсорiв. Композити Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC виготовленi з керамiчних порошкiв i полiмерних порошкiв методом гарячого пресування.
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1607-324X |
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An attempt to obtain Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites / E. Nogas-Ćwikiel, H. Bernard // Condensed Matter Physics. — 2013. — Т. 16, № 3. — С. 31705:1-4. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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2025-11-25T23:46:38Z |
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2025-11-25T23:46:38Z |
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Condensed Matter Physics, 2013, Vol. 16, No 3, 31705: 1–4
DOI: 10.5488/CMP.16.31705
http://www.icmp.lviv.ua/journal
Proceedings Paper
An attempt to obtain Bi4Ti3O12-PVC textured
ceramics-polymer composites
E. Nogas-Ćwikiel1∗, H. Bernard2
1 Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
2 Scholar of the project “DoktoRIS”, Poland
Received October 23, 2012
Bi4Ti3O12-PVC composites were fabricated. Ceramics powders of bismuth titanate were prepared by the sol-
gel method using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O and tetrabutyl titanate Ti(CH3(CH2)3O)4 as
precursors. The Bi4Ti3O12-PVC composites were fabricated from ceramics powders and polymer powders by
hot-pressing method.
Key words: ceramics-polymer composites, sol-gel, bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12
PACS: 77.84.-s, 77.84.Lf, 77.84.Dy, 81.20.Fw
1. Introduction
Scientists and practitioners working in piezoelectronics, electroacoustics, hydroacoustics, optoelec-
tronics and in other fields of modern technology that use sensors and electroceramic transducers aim
at obtaining such materials to produce transducers, which give as high response as possible. It is dif-
ficult to gain high piezoelectric responses with randomly oriented polycrystalline ceramic materials. It
was recently proved, on several types of ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials such as PMN-PT [1],
Ba6Ti17O40-PZT [2], SrFe12O19 [3] and Bi4Ti3O12 [4], that their properties could be optimized thanks to a
preferential crystalline orientation.
Monolithic ceramics are dense, brittle and are of a limited size and shape. These defects may be
eliminated by using ceramics-polymer composites instead of monolithic ceramics for the construction of
transducers. Composites with a polymer base and ceramic powder as the active phase are better than
monolithic ceramics in that they may be used in any shape and size, they are lighter and have better
mechanical resistance.
In the work, an attempt was made to obtain Bi4Ti3O12-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites.
2. Choice of material and its synthesis method
It became possible to obtain a textured composite thanks to:
• the proper choice of ceramics,
• the sol-gel method used for its synthesis.
It was assumed that it is possible to obtain the texture for materials that grow anisotropically. Ceramic
materials with asymmetric unit cells or crystalline structure composed of chains or polyhedral layers
often grow anisotropically.
∗E-mail: ewa.nogas-cwikiel@us.edu.pl
© E. Nogas-Ćwikiel, H. Bernard, 2013 31705-1
http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/CMP.16.31705
http://www.icmp.lviv.ua/journal
E. Nogas-Ćwikiel, H. Bernard
Figure 1. Ceramics with symmetric (a, b) and asymmetric (c, d) unit cells: (a) perovskite type structure, (b)
SEM image of PZT ceramics with perovskite type structure, (c) tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure,
(d) SEM image of Sr0.7Ba0.3Nb2O6 ceramics with tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure.
Figure 1 shows SEM micrographs of ceramics with symmetric [perovskite, figure 1 (a)] and asymmet-
ric [tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure, figure 1 (c)]. The presented ceramics was obtained from
powders synthesized using the sol-gel method. Figure 1 (d) clearly shows that ceramics with an asymmet-
ric unit cell grow anisotropically. There were obtained textured ceramics-polymer composites from such
ceramics earlier [5].
There was selected ceramic bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) which is a ferroelectric material with lay-
ered structure belonging to the Aurivillius family. Its crystalline structure consists of (Bi2Ti3O10)
2− layers
formed by BiTiO3 unit cells of perovskite-like structures alternating with (Bi2O2)
2+ layers perpendicular
to the c axis. Bi4Ti3O12 has a strong potential for being employed in many electronic devices because of
its relatively high Curie temperature Tc = 675 ◦C, low dielectric loss and high anisotropy [6].
Particle size of starting materials is a very important factor for the grain orientation of annealed
ceramics. Highly textured ceramics can only be obtained by using nanosized powders [7]. The sol-gel
method was used in this work to obtain ceramic powders, which also makes it possible to get nanopow-
ders.
3. Obtaining bismuth titanate powders by sol-gel method
Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO3)3 ·5H2O (POCH) and tetrabutyl orthotitanate Ti(CH3(CH2)3O)4
(Fluka) were used as precursors. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate was dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol
CH3OCH2CH2OH (Riedel-de Haën) at 40 ◦C. Separately, tetrabutyl orthotitanate was dissolved in 2-
methoxyethano at room temperature. Acetylacetone CH3COCH2COCH3 (Merck) was subsequently added
into this mixture as the chelating agent. The titanium solution was then added into the bismuth solution
and mixed together for 2 h.
31705-2
An attempt to obtain Bi4Ti3O12-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites
Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Bi4Ti3O12 powders synthesized by sol-gel method (at different magnifica-
tions).
The proposed equation for the formation of the Bi4Ti3O12 phase is shown in equation (1).
4Bi(NO3)3 ·5H2O+3Ti(CH3(CH2)3O)4 +72O2 → Bi4Ti3O12 +6N2O5 ↑+48CO2 ↑+59H2O ↑ . (1)
Then, distilled water was added to initiate hydrolysis and gel formation. The gel obtained was dried at
room temperature, and then heated at 850 ◦C for 3 hours in order to eliminate organic parts. The pow-
der obtained after calcination was ground. The morphology of powders was examined using a scanning
electron microscope HITACHI S-4700 with microanalysis system NORAN Vantage. Qualitative and quan-
titative analysis of the chemical composition (EDS) was carried out. It was confirmed that the chemical
composition of the powders obtained is in conformity with the previous assumptions. The SEM micro-
graphs of Bi4Ti3O12 powders are shown in figure 2. The grains in figure 2 exceed 500 nm; they are very
large compared to other ceramic powders obtained using the sol-gel method. Using the sol-gel method,
the co-author of this article previously obtained many ceramic materials, such as: PZT, PLZT, BaTiO3, SBN
[8] and always obtained powders with nanometer grains.
The powders were used to fabricate a bulk ceramics. The SEM micrograph of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics
sintered at 1100 ◦C is shown in figure 3.
Figure 3. SEM micrograph of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramic
sintered at 1100 ◦C.
Figure 4. SEM micrograph of Bi4Ti3O12-PVC com-
posite with volume fraction of ceramics Φ= 0.2.
31705-3
E. Nogas-Ćwikiel, H. Bernard
4. Bi4Ti3O12-PVC ceramics-polymer composites
The Bi4Ti3O12 powder was used to fabricate a composite with the volume fraction of ceramicsΦ= 0.2.
The ceramic powders were placed in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer matrix. A hot pressing method
was used to make composites of 0-3 connectivity (a polymer phase three dimensionally connected with
isolated ceramic particles). SEM micrograph of the composite is shown in figure 4. Unfortunately, the
obtained composite is not textured.
5. Summary
The purpose of this work was to obtain Bi4Ti3O12-PVC textured ceramics-polymer composites. Despite
a proper (according to the authors) selection of a test material and a suitable method for its obtaining,
the attempt to arrive at a composite with an oriented structure failed. Nevertheless, the authors consider
the results of their research to be quite useful since they show that nanopowders should be used for
obtaining textured composites. In this case, the reason behind the failure was the excessive size of the
ceramic powder grains. It should be mentioned that Bi4Ti3O12 powders obtained by other authors using
wet chemical methods are not nanometer as well, e.g.: [4, 9].
References
1. Poterala S.F., Meyer R.J., Messing G.L., J. Appl. Phys., 2012, 112, 014105; doi:10.1063/1.4730938.
2. Muramatsu H., Kimura T., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 25, 2231–2234; doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.03.037.
3. Genevois C., Missian J.M., Robaut F., Grillon F., Carry C.P., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2005, 25, 719–728;
doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.04.012.
4. Junjie H., Xiaohui W., Renzheng C., Zhilun G., Longtu L., J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 2004, 87, No. 7, 1404–1406;
doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07749.x.
5. Nogas-Ćwikiel E., Ferroelectrics, 2011, 418, 28–33; doi:10.1080/00150193.2011.578912.
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3001–3009; doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.11.081.
9. Nogas-Ćwikiel E., Otrzymywanie proszków ceramicznych do kompozytów ceramiczno-polimerowych dla detek-
torów piroelektrycznych, Uniwersytet Ślaski, Katowice, 2012 (in Polish).
Спроба отримання Bi4Ti3O12-PVC текстурованих
керамiчно-полiмерних композитiв
Е. Ногас-Цвiкель1, Г. Бернар2
1 Факультет комп’ютерних наук i матерiалознавства, Унiверситет Сiлезiї, м. Сосновєц, Польща
2 Стипендiат проекту “DoktoRIS”, Польща
Виготовлено композити Bi4Ti3O12-PVC. Керамiчнi порошки титанату вiсмута приготованi золь-гель мето-
дом, використовуючи пентагiдрат нiтрату вiсмута Bi(NO3)3 · 5 H2O i тетрабутил титанат Ti(CH3(CH2)3O)4 в
якостi прекурсорiв. Композити Bi4Ti3O12-PVC виготовленi з керамiчних порошкiв i полiмерних порошкiв
методом гарячого пресування.
Ключовi слова: керамiчно-полiмернi композити, золь-гель, титанат вiсмута, Bi4Ti3O12
31705-4
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4730938
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.03.037
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.04.012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07749.x
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2011.578912
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/16/005
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9164-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.11.081
Introduction
Choice of material and its synthesis method
Obtaining bismuth titanate powders by sol-gel method
Bi4Ti3O12-PVC ceramics-polymer composites
Summary
|