On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes

Basing on the structural peculiarity of two-layer graphene which consists of translational
 and energetical nonequivalency of carbon atoms from different sublattices, it is shown that the
 density of long-wave electronic states at the Fermi level is finite (in contrast to the monolay...

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Published in:Физика низких температур
Date:2006
Main Authors: Gaididei, Yu.B., Loktev, V.M.
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Language:English
Published: Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України 2006
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Cite this:On the possible reason for superconductivity
 strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes / Yu.B. Gaididei, V.M. Loktev // Физика низких температур. — 2006. — Т. 32, № 11. — С. 1458–1462. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ.

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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
_version_ 1860044551294550016
author Gaididei, Yu.B.
Loktev, V.M.
author_facet Gaididei, Yu.B.
Loktev, V.M.
citation_txt On the possible reason for superconductivity
 strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes / Yu.B. Gaididei, V.M. Loktev // Физика низких температур. — 2006. — Т. 32, № 11. — С. 1458–1462. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ.
collection DSpace DC
container_title Физика низких температур
description Basing on the structural peculiarity of two-layer graphene which consists of translational
 and energetical nonequivalency of carbon atoms from different sublattices, it is shown that the
 density of long-wave electronic states at the Fermi level is finite (in contrast to the monolayer
 graphene). It is suggested that the same may be the reason why the critical temperature of
 superconducting transition in multiwall nanotubes more than ten times higher than in single-wall
 nanotubes.
first_indexed 2025-12-07T16:58:05Z
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fulltext Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2006, v. 32, No. 11, p. 1458–1462 On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes Yu.B. Gaididei and V.M. Loktev Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, 14 B Metrologichna Str., Kiev 01413, Ukraine E-mail: vloktev@bitp.kiev.ua Received April 17, 2006 Basing on the structural peculiarity of two-layer graphene which consists of translational and energetical nonequivalency of carbon atoms from different sublattices, it is shown that the density of long-wave electronic states at the Fermi level is finite (in contrast to the monolayer graphene). It is suggested that the same may be the reason why the critical temperature of superconducting transition in multiwall nanotubes more than ten times higher than in single-wall nanotubes. PACS: 71.23.–k, 71.21.Ac, 81.05.Uw Keywords: graphene, quantum Hall effect, unconventional Hall effect. 1. Introduction Since the discovery of fullerene [1] (see also review papers [2–4]) there is an increasing interest in the investigation of fullerene-like structures which be- sides carbon nanotubes (CNT) [5] include also single- and multilayer graphene [6]. Carbon nanotubes are very perspective both from fundamental and applied view points. CNT may be used as the elements of different nanoelectronic devices, constant-force nano- springs [7], containers to hold in storage of light gases (in particular hydrogen), pressure transducers and so on. On the other hand, CNT are known as model systems for the study of one-dimensional electronic transport. Depending on their diameter and helicity, carbon nanotubes are either semiconducting or me- tallic [4]. It is well known that the usual Fermi liquid which is described by the Landau–Silin theory is expected to be unstable in one-dimensional (1D) metals with the formation of a correlated Tomona- ga–Luttinger liquid state where the electron—elect- ron repulsive interaction prevents the appearance of superconducting state to a greater extent than in con- ventional 3D metals. Investigations of the magnetic and transport pro- perties of ropes of single-walled small-diameter carbon nanotubes (SWNT) [8] and SWNT embedded in a zeolite matrix [9] revealed that a few angstrom tubes exhibit superconducting behavior manifest as an an- isotropic Meissner effect, with a superconducting gap and fluctuation supercurrent. It turned out that the superconducting transition in SWNT occurs at very low temperature, less than 0.55 K [8]. It is quite natural to connect such a low critical temperature with the low-dimensional character of CNT*, with strong quantum and thermal fluctuations and with proximity to Peierls instabilities which drive the system to an insulating state. Therefore the report [10] that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (with up to 9 shells) exhibit superconductivity with an unexpect- ably high transition temperature Tc � 12 K, which is approximately 30 times greater than Tc reported for SWNT [8] has attracted considerable attention. The value of the superconducting gap � � 115. meV which © Yu.B. Gaididei and V.M. Loktev, 2006 * It is worth to emphasize that carbon nanotubes can not be considered as genuine one-dimensional objects. In 1D systems the processes of electron—electron, electron—phonon and electron—impurity scattering involve only one, «longi- tudinal» component of the electron wave vector while in nanotubes these processes include also the «transversal» or orbital component of the quasimomentum. is in excellent agreement with the BCS canonical ratio 2 3 5�/k TB c � . , the observed behavior of the critical current as a function of the temperature and external magnetic field is also in good qualitative agreement with the Ginzburg–Landau critical current behavior. It can be therefore said with confidence that the observed superconductivity in multiwalled carbon na- notubes is of the BCS type and that the multishell structure of the nanotubes plays a crucial role. The aim of this work is to show that the big difference of the critical temperature of single- and multiwalled nanotubes may be due to a qualitatively different behavior of the density of states of low- energy charge carriers. As a model we consider mono- and bi-layer graphenes whose structure is similar to the structure of graphit sheets rolled-up in nanotubes. It is a great honour and pleasure for us to devote this work to the 100 year jubilee of outstanding physicist-experimentalist and marvellous person, An- tonina Fedorovna Prikhot’ko, who did so much for our formation as scientists. It is worth to note also that being a bright and leading figure in the low tem- perature physics, she always supported new lines of inquiry in this area and was one of devotees of the quest of new superconductors with unusual and un- expectable features. 2. Hamiltonian and electron spectrum We employ the tight-binding model to describe the band structure of single- and bi-layer graphenes. Basing on the well developed theory of molecular crystals with several molecules per unit cell (see, e.g., [11]). the electronic Hamiltonian of bi-layer graphene can be repsented in the form H a a b b� � �� ���� � � � � � ( )n n n n n � � �� ��1 2 t a a b bn m n m n m n m � � � � � � � � , , ( ) � �� � � �1 2 t a b b a| | ( ) ( )n n n n n � � � � � � � , (1) where �� is the on-site energy of �-electron at the site n� (the vector n gives the position of the elementary cell, the index �( , )� 1 2 characterizes the sublattices); the matrix element tn m� � describes an intra-layer electron hopping (tunneling) between the sites n� and m�, and t| | characterizes an inter-layer electron transfer; the Fermi-operators an� � and bn� � describe a creation of an electron at the site n� of the first and second layer, respectively (the index of the electron spin is omitted for brevity). It is worth noting that the last term of the Hamiltonian (1) is chosen in the form which takes into account that the sheets in the bi-layer graphene are shifted with respect to each other by the vector ( )a a1 2 2� / , where a j are the primitive vectors of graphene sheet [12]. In con- sequence of such an unusual geometry the atoms in each sheet become energetically (as well as trans- lationally) nonequivalent*. By applying the Fourier transform a N a i � � ( )k n n kn� �1 e , b N b i � � ( )k n n kn� �1 e , (2) where k is the wave vector and N is the number of cells in the sheet, the Hamiltonian (1) can be pre- sented in the form H t a a b b� � �� �� { ( )[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]1 1 2 1 2k k k k k k h.c.} + � � �� � � �t a a b b2 12 ( )[ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )] , , k k k k k k � � � � � � �� ��t a b b a| | [ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )]1 2 2 1k k k k k , (3) where t t i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 2( ) ( ); ( )k k k ka ka� � � �� � e e ; (4) t t2 2 2( ) ( )k k� � ; �2 1 2 1 2( ) cos cos cos ( )k ka ka k a a� � � (5) are the Fourier-components of so-called resonance interactions which form the dispersion of electro- nic bands. The functions t1( )k and t2( )k given by Eqs. (4) and (5) represent the intra- and inter- sublattice electron dispersion, respectively. The latter leads to a splitting which in the theory of molecular excitons is called the Davydov splitting (see, e.g., [11]). The parameters t1 and t2 in Eqs. (4) and (5) are the hopping integrals between nearest and next nearest neighbors, respectively; a1 3 0� ( , ), a2 � � ( , )3 2 3 2/ / are the primitive vectors of the rhombic lattice with the distance between the nearest neigh- On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2006, v. 32, No. 11 1459 * Note that the same phenomenon takes place in multi-wall carbon nanotubes consisting of several rolled-up graphit sheets in the cylindrical form. Here the atoms which belong to different cylindrical surfaces are energetically nonequivalent. bors equal to unity. By introducing the «even» and «odd» linear combinations of electron operators 1 1 2 1 2 ( ) [ ( ) ( )]k k k� �a b ; �1 1 2 1 2 ( ) [ ( ) ( )]k k k� a b ; 2 2 1 1 2 ( ) [ ( ) ( )]k k k� �a b ; �2 2 1 1 2 ( ) [ ( ) ( )]k k k� a b (6) and applying the unitary transformations �� �� � � ( ) ( ) ( ) , k k k� � �u 12 ; � � �� � � ( ) ( ) ( ) , k k k� � �v 12 ; (7) with | ( )| ( ) | ( )| | ( )| ( ) ( ) v t 1 2 2 1 22 � � � � � � � k k k k � � ; | ( )| | ( )| ( ) | ( )| | ( )|( ) ( ) v t t 2 2 1 2 2 1 22 � � � � � � � k k k k k� � , (8) one can diagonalize the Hamiltonian (3) and obtain the electron eigenenergies in the form � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � �( ) | | | | ( ) ( ) | ( )|k k kt t t t2 2 1 2 2 2 , (9) � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �( ) | | | | ( ) ( ) | ( )|k k kt t t t2 2 1 2 2 2 . (10) In the mono-layer case which can be obtained from Eqs. (9) and (10) by neglecting the interlayer hopp- ing integral: t| | � 0, the electron spectrum consists of two symmetric branches which in fact, are the Da- vydov bands. They intersect and have the same energy � ��� 3 22t / at six points of the Brillouin zone which can be obtained by rotations of the vectors K12 2 9 3 3, ( )( , )� ��/ by � �/3. By virtue of the fact that the number of states is the same below and above this energy, in graphene there exists a rather rare for solid state physics situation (first apparently noticed in Ref. 13) when the two-dimensional metal has not a Fermi line (as usually in two-dimensional metals) but a set of Fermi points. As a result of such a pecularity of the spectrum, in the vicinity of Fermi points charge carriers are characterized by a massless Dirac-like dispersion law which in particularly manifests itself in an unconventional Hall effect [14,15]. In the bi-layer graphene structure the electron spectrum consists of four bands, two of them touch at the points K j ( ... )j � 1 6 (they do not intersect as in the mono-layer case) and two others are nondege- nerate for all wave vectors k. Assuming for example that t2 0� , and t| | � 0, it is easy to see that the band with the energy �� �( )( )k is the conduction band of bi-layer graphene. Note also that the expressions similar to given by Eqs. (9) and (10) (but without intra-sublattice hopp- ing) was obtained in Ref. 16 (see also [17]). It follows from them, in particularly that the Hall effect ac- quires some new features. However their discussion is beyond the scope of the paper. 3. Superconducting gap Let us now consider the superconducting phase transition in mono- and bi-layer graphene. To this end we augment the Hamiltonian (3) with the operator of attractive electron-electron interaction. There is a strong belief (see, e.g., [18]) that phonon exchange holds responsible for attractive electron-electron in- teraction in metallic carbon nanotubes. The derivation of the operator of the phonon mediatated electron- electron interaction is well known (see, e.g., [19,20]). We take this operator in the form H N Vint , ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )� � � � � �1 k q k k q q k q , (11) where the parameter V( , )k q characterizes the strength of the electron—electron interaction; � � ( )k ( �( )k ) is the creation (annihilation) operator of a carrier with the wave vector k and the spin � � � �, . By using the standart procedure [19,20] it is easy to obtain that the order parameter �( ) ( , ) ( ) ( )k k q q q q � � �� � �N V1 (the gap in the electron spectrum) is determined by the equation � � � ( ) ( , ) ( ) [ ( ) ] | ( )|( ) k k q q q qq � � � � � 1 2 2 2N V F� � , (12) where the symbol �� � �� denotes a thermodynamic mean value and �F is the Fermi energy which in our case is doping controlled. In the simplest approximation when V V( , )k q � the gap is k independent � �( )k � , and Eq. (12) takes the form 1460 Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2006, v. 32, No. 11 Yu.B. Gaididei and V.M. Loktev 1 8 1 1 2 2 2� � � d V F k k � � � [ ( ) ] | |cond � , (13) where �cond( ) | | | |k k k� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9 8 1 2 1 2 3 22 2 2 1 2 t t t t (14) is the energy of charge carriers in the vicinity of the node points K j [12,17]. By introducing the density of quasiparticle states � �( ) (see Appendix for details) Eq. (14) can be transformed to the form d V FF � � � � � ( ) ( ) | | � � � � 2 2 2 � , which for a given � �( ) (see Eq. (A.2)) gives the expression � �� � � ! "! # $ ! %! 2 9 1 2 D F t V t exp ( )| | � � , (15) for the superconducting gap in the one-electron spect- rum. Here �D is the Debye frequency. Comparing the superconducting gap � �& bi in the bi-layer graphene which is given by Eq. (15) with the superconducting gap � �& mono in the mono-layer graphene which can be also obtained from Eq. (15) by putting t � 0 one can see that the ratio � � bi mono � � � ! "! # $ ! %! exp 9 1 1 2� � � � t V F , (16) where � �& t/ in the low-doping regime may be ex- ponentially big. This result is a direct consequence of the qualitative difference between the spectra of charge carriers in single- and bi-layer graphene. While in the mono-layer graphene the spectrum is massless and the density of of states vanishes when the concentration of carriers decreases (� ' 0) in the bilayer graphene the carriers have a finite effective mass and the density of states in the limit (� ' 0) is finite. 4. Summary We have shown that the interlayer carrier transfer in graphene may be of crucial importance in creation of superconducting condensate. It is interesting to notice that in the same way the low-energy beha- vior of the density of states plays a pivotal role in electron-hole pairing and forming the exciton di- electric phase graphene. In the mono-layer graphene such a phase can form only in the presence of strong magnetic field which effectively reduces to 1D the charge carrier motion and in this way enhances Cou- lomb attraction (magnetic catalysis [21]). In the bi-layer graphene the presence of interlayer hopping makes inessential applying the magnetic field. In our opinion, the strengthening of supercon- ductivity in multiwalled nanotubes may be also due to the interlayer electron hopping. The charge carriers in multiwalled nanotubes have a finite effective mass and as a result the density of states is finite as � �' F . It follows also from our model that the critical temperature in a mono-layer graphene (singlewalled nanotube) increases when the doping increases. More- over the critical temperatures of mono- and bi-layer graphenes (as well as the critical temperatures of single- and multiwalled CNT) equalize when �F t�� | | . The above developed theory does not take into account the Coulomb interaction between electrons. It is well known, however, that this interaction it de- creases the critical temperature of conventional 3D superconductors. The decisive factor here is a screen- ing of Coulomb interaction in metals. In the case under the consideration we meet with a qualitatively new situation when not only the low-dimensional character of charge transport (quasi 1D in CNT and 2D in graphene) is important but the size and the shape of the objects (radius of CNT, relative shift of sheets in graphene and so on) as well. Quite recent studies of the screening of Coulomb interaction in non-polar systems [22] showed that in low dimensions and small finite-size systems this screening deviates strongly from conventionally assumed. For example, in one dimension at small and intermediate distances the Coulomb interaction is anti-screened thereby strongly reducing the gradient of the Coulomb in- teraction. It is also shown in [22] that in finite-size systems due to weak dependence of the effective Coulomb interaction on the distance between the electrons the correlation effects are reduced and the mean-field approach works well because the corre- lation effects are reduced and the mean-field approach works well. Note also that increasing the number of walls in CNT (number of layers in graphene) is to some extent equivalent to increasing of their di- mensionality. So the superconducting effects are en- hanced in these systems. Appendix A The aim of this Appendix is to calculate the density of quasiparticle states � � � ( � �( ) [ ( )]� � 1 4 2 dk kcond (A.1) On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2006, v. 32, No. 11 1461 for the case of bi-layer graphene. Here �cond( )k is given by Eq. (14) and the two-dimensional character of the system is taken into account. From Eq. (A.1) we get � � � � � �( ) max � � � � � � � � � � � 1 4 2 9 8 2 3 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 dk t t k t t k 2 2k � � � � � � � � , where the maximal wave vector kmax is determin- ed from the condition that the total number of states in the conduction band is equal to the number of elementary cells N. By using the new variable k x t / / t /� [ ( )] ( )| | 2 1 22 3 2 , we obtain � � � (( ) [( )( )] || max � � �� 4 9 2 2 t dxx x x x x t / x , where x / t /t � �( )[ ( )1 2 2 1 2 2 � � � �( ) ( )( ) ]| | | | 4 8 21 4 2 2 1 2 2 2t /t t /t t / t� are the roots of the equation �cond( )k � 0 and the notation x t / tmax | | max( )� �2 2 1 2 2k is introduced. As a result we get � � � � ( ) ( / ) ( / )| | � � � ) * + + + , - . . . 2 9 1 1 1 2 42 2 1 2 2 1 2t t t t t t . (A.2) From Eq. (A.2) we obtain that for the mono-layer graphene (when the interlayer hopping is absent, t| | )� 0 the density of states takes the form � � � � � 1 2 2 1 2 0 1 2 2 9 1 1 1 2 L t t /t t ( ) ( ) � � ) * + + , - . . � � .(A.3) In the two-layer case (when one can neglect the intra-sublattice hopping t2) we have the following expression for the density of states � � � � 2 1 2 0 1 2 4 9 2L t t t t ( ) ( )|| | | | � � /� . (A.4) Comparing Eqs. (A.3) and (A.4), we see that the ratio � � � � � 1 2 0 L L/ t( ) ( )| / | |� / is small as long as � �0 ��F t| | . Similar enhancement of density of states one can expect, as it was mentioned above, under the transi- tion from singlewalled to multiwalled nanotubes. Indeed, it is easy to see that due to a massless character of the carrier dispersion in the singlewalled nanotube the density of states � �NT SW /t( ) / 1 1 while in the multiwalled nanotube the carriers have a finite effective mass and the density of states � � �NT MW /( ) / 1 , fastly growing for small �. 1. H. Kroto, J.-R. Health, S.C. O’Brian, R.F. Curl, and R. Smalley, Nature 318,162 (1985). 2. V.M. Loktev, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 18, 217 (1992) [Low Temp. Phys. 18, 149 (1992)]. 3. A.V. Eletskii, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 174, 1191 (2004). 4. Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Application, M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and P. Avouris (eds.), Springer, Berlin (2000). 5. S. Iijima, Nature 354, 56 (1991). 6. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, I.V. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, and A.A. Firsov, Science 306, 666 (2004). 7. J. Cumings and A. Zell, Science 289, 602 (2000). 8. M. Kociak, A.Yu. Kasumov, S. Guron, B. Reulet, I.I. Khodos, Yu.B. Gorbatov, V.T. Volkov, l. Vaccarini, and H. Bouchard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2416 (2001). 9. Z.K. Tang, L. Zhang, N. Wang, X.X. Zhang, G.H. Wen, G.D. Li, J.N. Wang, C.T. Chan, and P. Sheng, Science 292, 2462 (2001). 10. I. Takesue, J. Haruyama, N. Kobayashi, S. Chiashi, S. Maruyama, T. Sugai, and H. Shinohara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 057001 (2006). 11. Cryocrystals, B.I. Verkin and A.F. Prokhot’ko (eds.), Naukova Dumka, Kiev (1983). 12. E. McCann and V.I. Falko, E-print archives: cond- mat/0510237 (2005); Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 086805 (2006). 13. G.W. Semenoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 2449 (1984). 14. V.P. Gusynin and S.G. Sharapov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 146801 (2005). 15. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.V. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, and A.A. Firsov, Nature 438, 197 (2005). 16. K.S. Novoselov, E. McCann, S.V. Morozov, V.I. Fal‘ko, M.I. Katsnelson, U. Zeitler, D. Jiang, S. Sche- din, and A.K. Geim, Nature Phys. 2, 177 (2006). 17. Yu.B. Gaididei and V.M. Loktev, Fiz. Nizk. Temp. 32, 923 (2006) [Low Temp. Phys. 32, 703 (2006)]. 18. J. Gonzalez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 2415 (2002); ibid. 88, 076403 (2002). 19. J.R. Schrieffer, Theory of Superconductivity, Ben- jamin, N.Y. (1964). 20. A.A. Abrikosov, L.P. Gor‘kov, and I.E. Dzyaloshin- ski, Methods of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics, Dover, N.Y. (1975). 21. V.P. Gusynin, V.A. Miransky, and I.A. Shovkovy, Phys. Rev. D67, 107703 (2003). 22. J. van der Brink and G.A. Sawatzky, Europhys. Lett. 50, 447 (2000). 1462 Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur, 2006, v. 32, No. 11 Yu.B. Gaididei and V.M. Loktev
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-120896
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
issn 0132-6414
language English
last_indexed 2025-12-07T16:58:05Z
publishDate 2006
publisher Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
record_format dspace
spelling Gaididei, Yu.B.
Loktev, V.M.
2017-06-13T09:24:08Z
2017-06-13T09:24:08Z
2006
On the possible reason for superconductivity
 strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes / Yu.B. Gaididei, V.M. Loktev // Физика низких температур. — 2006. — Т. 32, № 11. — С. 1458–1462. — Бібліогр.: 22 назв. — англ.
0132-6414
PACS: 71.23.–k, 71.21.Ac, 81.05.Uw
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/120896
Basing on the structural peculiarity of two-layer graphene which consists of translational
 and energetical nonequivalency of carbon atoms from different sublattices, it is shown that the
 density of long-wave electronic states at the Fermi level is finite (in contrast to the monolayer
 graphene). It is suggested that the same may be the reason why the critical temperature of
 superconducting transition in multiwall nanotubes more than ten times higher than in single-wall
 nanotubes.
en
Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
Физика низких температур
High-Temperature Superconductivity
On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
Article
published earlier
spellingShingle On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
Gaididei, Yu.B.
Loktev, V.M.
High-Temperature Superconductivity
title On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
title_full On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
title_fullStr On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
title_full_unstemmed On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
title_short On the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
title_sort on the possible reason for superconductivity strengthening in multiwall carbon nanotubes
topic High-Temperature Superconductivity
topic_facet High-Temperature Superconductivity
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/120896
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