Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises
The study analyzes basic indicators of innovationbased development of domestic enterprises in the field of fuel and energy resources production. The proposals have been worked out to form the institutional environment for the development of coal enterprises. У статті проаналізовано основні показники...
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Drachuk, Yu.Z. Trushkina, N.V. 2017-09-03T19:16:38Z 2017-09-03T19:16:38Z 2013 Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises / Yu.Z. Drachuk, N.V. Trushkina // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2013. — № 4 (34). — С. 170–175. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 1817-3772 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/123387 [338.45:622.33]:330.341.1 The study analyzes basic indicators of innovationbased development of domestic enterprises in the field of fuel and energy resources production. The proposals have been worked out to form the institutional environment for the development of coal enterprises. У статті проаналізовано основні показники інноваційної діяльності вітчизняних підприємств у сфері видобування паливно-енергетичних копалин. Розроблено пропозиції щодо формування інституціонального середовища інноваційного розвитку вугільних підприємств. В статье проанализированы основные показатели инновационной деятельности отечественных предприятий в сфере добычи топливно-энергетических ископаемых. Разработаны предложения по формированию институциональной среды инновационного развития угольных предприятий. The research was conducted within the research project of IIE of NAS of Ukraine “Developing the institutional environment for the industrial production in Ukraine with consideration of features of the industry” (state registration number 0113U004371). en Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України Економічний вісник Донбасу Management of Innovations Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises Формування інституціонального середовища інноваційного розвитку вугільних підприємств Формирование институциональной среды инновационного развития угольных предприятий Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| title |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises |
| spellingShingle |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises Drachuk, Yu.Z. Trushkina, N.V. Management of Innovations |
| title_short |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises |
| title_full |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises |
| title_fullStr |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises |
| title_sort |
forming the institutional environment for innovation-based development of coal enterprises |
| author |
Drachuk, Yu.Z. Trushkina, N.V. |
| author_facet |
Drachuk, Yu.Z. Trushkina, N.V. |
| topic |
Management of Innovations |
| topic_facet |
Management of Innovations |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Економічний вісник Донбасу |
| publisher |
Інститут економіки промисловості НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Формування інституціонального середовища інноваційного розвитку вугільних підприємств Формирование институциональной среды инновационного развития угольных предприятий |
| description |
The study analyzes basic indicators of innovationbased development of domestic enterprises in the field of fuel and energy resources production. The proposals have been worked out to form the institutional environment for the development of coal enterprises.
У статті проаналізовано основні показники інноваційної діяльності вітчизняних підприємств у сфері видобування паливно-енергетичних копалин. Розроблено пропозиції щодо формування інституціонального середовища інноваційного розвитку вугільних підприємств.
В статье проанализированы основные показатели инновационной деятельности отечественных предприятий в сфере добычи топливно-энергетических ископаемых. Разработаны предложения по формированию институциональной среды инновационного развития угольных предприятий.
|
| issn |
1817-3772 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/123387 |
| citation_txt |
Forming the Institutional Environment for Innovation-based Development of Coal Enterprises / Yu.Z. Drachuk, N.V. Trushkina // Економічний вісник Донбасу. — 2013. — № 4 (34). — С. 170–175. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
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| fulltext |
170
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (34), 2013
Yu. Z. Drachuk, N. V. Trushkina
Problem setting. The development of the coal
industry is one of the main priorities in the economic
policy of Ukraine. As stated in the Annual Message of the
President of Ukraine to the Supreme Council of Ukraine
“On the Internal and External Situation in Ukraine in
2013”, “an effective instrument of economic reforms
and mechanism that will provide post-crisis recovery on
a qualitative basis is the modernization of the industrial
sector as the basis for the economic growth in the long
run” [1, p. 41]. Among the priority tasks of modernization
of the national innovation system is the “creation of
favorable institutional and economic conditions for
accelerated development of innovations and modern high-
tech production...” [1, p. 173]. Modernization of the coal
industry will promote its intensified development, allow
achieving a positive effect, provide creation of new jobs
and conditions for a sustainable economic growth.
Thus, the effective functioning of the domestic
mining industry is impossible without innovation. The
increase in the innovation potential in production of fuel
and energy resources will contribute to its effective
innovation-based development, production of high-tech
products competitive on the domestic and foreign markets
and provide an accelerated modernization of the coal
industry enterprises.
Analysis of recent researches and publications.
Problems of the institutional environment for innovation-
based development of the industry with consideration of
the branch features are investigated by many scientists,
including O. Amosha, I. Buleev, V. Vyshnevskyi,
A. Voronkova, V. Heyets, V. Holyan, T. Grynko,
V. Dementyev, A. Zemlyankin, A. Kabanov, T. Kachala,
Yu. Kindzerskyi, Yu. Kovalenko, L. Kuzmenko,
T. Melnyk, K. Pavlov, Yu. Petrunya, L. Rassuzhday,
L. Starychenko, D. Cherevatskyi, A. Chukhno,
N. Chukhray, L. Fedulova, N. Shchepkina and others.
The researches of leading scientists make up a scientific
basis for developing the organizational and economic
mechanism of institutional modernization of the coal
production. In this regard, the search for the ways of
improving the institutional support for innovation-based
development of the coal industry needs in further
researches.
Formulation of the task. The purpose of this study
is to work out the proposals on the formation of the
institutional environment so necessary for innovation-
based development of coal enterprises.
The main material of the study. The results of
an international study in the sphere of innovation “Global
Innovation Barometer 2012” conducted by General Electric
confirmed that innovations are the key factors of the
economic development, competitiveness and job creation.
At the same time, they show that the unstable situation in
the economic sphere can reduce the ability of enterprises
to make robust innovative solutions [2].
The leading researchers note that “innovations do
not have yet a sufficient impact on the economy, and the
macroeconomic environment and institutional environment,
in turn, hinder the innovative activity of enterprises” [3,
p. 24; 4, p. 16].
The problems that hinder the effective innovation-
based development include the “loss of markets for
domestic high-tech products; poor attraction of funds to
restore the clusters of high-tech industries; high cost of
credit resources of banks and the inability to attract
external funds to implement long-term innovation and
technology projects in the industry; lack of financial
resources and ineffective capital flow system; systematic
failure to comply with financial terms for the implementation
of the government target programs of the economic
development; imperfect mechanisms for providing the
economic stimulation of innovation and technological
modernization of production; low purchasing demand for
the national scientific achievements on the domestic
market, as well the loss of its influence on the technological
development of Ukraine’s production” [4, p. 16].
The Program of economic reforms in Ukraine for
2010 – 2014 “Prosperous Society, Competitive Economy,
UDC [338.45:622.33]:330.341.1
Yu. Z. Drachuk,
DrHab (Economics),
N. V. Trushkina,
Institute of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine (Donetsk)
FORMING THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
FOR INNOVATION-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF COAL ENTERPRISES*
Management of Innovations
* The research was conducted within the research project of IIE of NAS of Ukraine “Developing the institutional environment for
the industrial production in Ukraine with consideration of features of the industry” (state registration number 0113U004371).
171
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (34), 2013
Yu. Z. Drachuk, N. V. Trushkina
Effective State” states that “... scientific-technological
and innovation sectors do not perform properly the role
of sources of the economic growth”. It is explained by
the fact that “the pace of development and the structure
of the scientific-technological and innovation sectors do
not meet the demand for advanced technologies of the
economy” and “proposed world-level scientific results are
not used in the economy because of the low receptiveness
of business sector to innovation”. Among the reasons
for the above problems is the “lack of economic incentives
to carry out modernization through the introduction of
new scientific and technological developments by business
entities” [5, p. 49].
“There are still too many problems in the innovation
sector... It is the increase in the innovation component
that will make the economic development sustainable and
the economy competitive…” [6, p. 24].
At the current stage of development, the activation of
innovation processes in the economy, full use of the potential
of science in the process of technological modernization of
the domestic coal production are very urgent.
The analysis of innovation in the field of fuel and
energy resources production in Ukraine showed that in
2011 the number of innovative enterprises in the branch
increased by 33.3% as compared to 2005, the enterprises
that implemented innovative products decreased by 80%;
the enterprises that introduced innovations almost did not
change (Table 1).
In 2005, the share of realized innovative products
accounted for 1.5% of total volume of products realized
in the sector of production of fuel and energy resources.
Thus, since 2010 there hasn’t been any realization of
new innovative products both on the domestic marker
and outside Ukraine.
The analysis of the structure of the expenditures
on innovative activities in the given sector says that it
remains insufficient (Table 2).
In 2005 – 2011, most of the expenditures was
allocated to acquire the machinery, equipment and
software (the share of which ranged from 74.6% in 2005
to 89.9% in 2011 in the total volume of expenditures on
innovative activities). The expenditures on research and
developments were significantly less: from 24.1% in 2005
to 6.7% in 2011. To acquire new technologies, patents
and licenses (other external knowledge), no more than
0.1% of the total spending on innovation was allocated.
Table 2
The share of expenditures on innovative activities
in the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine
Remarks: 1 in 2010 – 2011 – external research works;
2 in 2010 – 2011 – the acquisition of other external knowledge.
Source: [7, p. 189, 191, 193].
Years Areas of innovative activities
2005 2010 2011
Research and developments 1 24,1 3,5 6,7
Acquisition of machinery, equipment and
software
74,6 93,9 89,9
Acquisition of new technologies2 – 0,08 0,09
Other areas 0,1 2,5 3,3
Source: [7, p. 179, 181, 183, 211-213, 226, 228, 232, 234, 236, 240 – 241].
Years Indicators
2005 2010 2011
Number of innovation active enterprises 12 16 16
% of total number of enterprises in the industry 4,3 6,3 6,3
Number of enterprises that introduced innovations 11 8 10
% of total number of enterprises in the industry 4,0 3,1 3,9
Number of companies that realized innovative products 5 1 1
% of total number of enterprises in the industry 1,8 0,4 0,4
Table 1
Dynamics of innovative activities indicators in the fuel
and energy complex of Ukraine
172
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (34), 2013
Yu. Z. Drachuk, N. V. Trushkina
In 2005 – 2011, the main source of funding for
innovation in the production of fuel and energy resources
were enterprises’ own funds, whose share was more
than 84 – 97% in the total financing of innovative activity
(Fig. 1). In 2000 – 2011, the share of funds from domestic
investors decreased by 6.5% of the total financing of
innovation in this industry. The volumes of budget
financing of innovation in the production of fuel and
energy resources were insufficient. In 2005 – 2010, their
share increased by 4.7% and in 2011 dropped by 7.9%
of total funding for innovation [7, p. 200, 202, 204].
In 2011, the activity of mining enterprises aimed at
creating high technologies, using intellectual property
and rationalization proposals, which are important
components of innovation-based development, was not
sufficient enough.
The total number of high technologies created in
2011 decreased by 30.8% against 2010 and amounted
only to 9. As for the level of high technologies, only one
of them was really new. In 2011, 10 titles of protection
for high technology was received (in 2010 – 23), including
2 patents for inventions, 8 – for utility models. Only one
of these titles of protection had non-infringement in other
countries (in 2010 – 11) [7, p. 286; 4, p. 266]. The number
of inventions used in 2011 was 22, utility models – 66,
industrial samples – 6. In 2011, the mining enterprises
used 338 rationalization proposals that by 12.7% less than
in 2010 [7, p. 293, 295; 4, p. 273].
According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine
in 2008 – 2010, the share of mining enterprises having
technological innovations in the most important areas of
innovation related to the development and implementation
of innovative products or processes is expressed as
following: improvement of goods and services quality –
38.7% of all enterprises with technological innovations;
replacement of obsolete products and processes – 29.5%;
increase in capacity to produce goods – 24.1%; entering
new markets or increase of market share – 24%,
expanding the range of goods and services – 23.6%;
decrease in cost of materials and energy per unit – 20.3%
[7, p. 273].
Based on the above analysis, the conclusion can be
made that the fuel and energy complex has many problems
that hinder its innovation-based development, in particular
a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets (e.g., in the
mining industry this figure was 47.8% in 2010) [8, p. 93];
the dependence of financial results on market situation, a
large resource- and energy-intensity of the domestic
industry, inefficient use of energy resources resulted in
significant consumption of natural gas; a weak relationship
between the national science and production; a low level
of cooperation in the fuel and energy complex which
prevents to establish rational channels for supplying
companies with resources and full technological cycles
for production of innovative products, etc.
Thus, in the current economic conditions the scale
of innovation-based development in the sphere of
production of fuel and energy resources in Ukraine is
reducing. However, there are some reserves to increase
its efficiency. According to the scientists of the Institute
of Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine, “one of the
main objectives of the present stage of economic
development in Ukraine is to develop a competitive
industrial complex of innovative type” [9, p. 3].
Scientists of the Institute of Economics and
Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine stress that “the
technological modernization of industry is impossible
without a substantial intensification of innovative activity
of its actors. Its intensity and effectiveness depend heavily
on favorable institutional and macroeconomic
Fig. 1. The share of funding for innovation in the field of fuel and energy resources production in Ukraine
96,7%
own funds
of enterprises
3,3%
state
budget
funds
1,9% funds
of domestic
investors
0,1%
state
budget
funds 3 ,5%
loans
94,4%
own funds
of enterprises
2011 2005
173
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (34), 2013
Yu. Z. Drachuk, N. V. Trushkina
environment and market conditions, which, in turn,
creates the appropriate motivation of the subjects to R&D;
increase their resource-ability to implement the results
of R&D, acquire new technologies and equipment...”
[10, p. 36]. In their opinion, the priority measures should
be the following: support of a sustainable economic
growth on the basis of endogenous factors and
development of production for domestic needs; the
formation of a complete integrated national innovation
system, some elements of which currently exist though
in isolation from each other; the development and
state support to the activity of subjects of innovation
infrastructure (technoparks, technopolises, business
incubators, science cities, science and technology
centers, venture capital funds) [10, p. 36 – 37].
The specialists of the National Institute for Strategic
Studies propose to improve the financial incentive
mechanisms and institutional-legal support for innovation
in Ukraine. To do it, the appropriate set of tools of
government support to innovation should be developed
which includes the establishment of institutions supporting
innovative enterprises which acquire the assets up to
50% of the project’s cost through the open competition;
structuring the system of public management of the
innovation sphere using a functional principle and fixing
its organizational structure on the legislative level; creation
of the advisory body under the President of Ukraine to
promote shaping and implementation of a unified
government innovation policy in Ukraine; securing
medium-term priorities of innovative activity on the
national level within established long-term strategic
priorities in order to concentrate scarce investment
resources of the state on key priorities of development,
eliminate the differences between the defined goals of
the government innovation policy and actual measures
to implement them [11].
The researchers of the Institute of Industrial
Economics of NAS of Ukraine have identified the
measures for financing the development and
implementation of innovative projects based on the
practical activity of leading industrial enterprises and
results of expert survey. They include “ensuring an
integrated systems approach to the development of
innovative projects related to technical re-equipment of
production, acquisition and introduction of a new high-
tech equipment; the development and implementation of
projects aimed at introducing new technological processes;
development of investment projects to create new high-
performance equipment by the enterprise’s specialists
and exclusively new business processes; development
of investment projects for industrial automation;
financing of innovative projects to improve the quality,
competitiveness and intellectual component of products
that are produced by the enterprise” [12, p. 271].
Using practitioners and scientists survey, the
priorities of innovation-based development of the coal
industry have been defined taking into account limited
funding. They include technical re-equipment to increase
the production and production capacity (51%), technical
re-equipment of active production facilities to increase
the production within a projected production capacity of
the mine (26%) or orientation to the capital reconstruction
or construction of new mines (23%) [13, p. 133 – 142].
According to the scientists of the Institute of
Industrial Economics of NAS of Ukraine, “To provide
the role of the domestic coal industry as a certain guarantor
of energy security, the government policy should be
aimed at addressing two global problems: technical and
technological modernization of industry; reform of the
industry according to market conditions. Concerning
modernization of the material and technical base of the
coal industry, it should go about the anticipatory strategy
of innovation-based development, i.e., the mines should
be re-equipped with modern highly productive and reliable
equipment, and principally new, innovative products and
mining technologies should be created which may
eventually be required in the world market” [14, p. 26].
In the opinion of some researchers and practitioners,
“To create a well-functioning domestic coal industry, a
restricted restructuring and deep modernization of the
mining fund on the basis of private-public partnership is
needed”. “…Modernization should be carried out in the
direction of integration of mines on the basis of
centralization of lifts, improvement of technologies of
works, and application of innovative means of
mechanization” [15, p. 60].
In the framework of the research project of
IEE of NAS of Ukraine “Developing the institutional
environment for the industrial development in Ukraine
with consideration of the branch features”, the proposals
have been worked out to form the institutional
environment for innovation-based development of the
coal industry. They are:
clarifying the content of the institutional environment
for innovation-based development of the coal industry
as a set of standards and rules in the sphere of innovative
activities of mining enterprises which are regulated by
the legislative, departmental and branch regulations and
documents, as well as of the economic relations which
are regulated by innovative structures and infrastructure
institutions in order to reduce transaction costs for
technologies transfer and make advanced solutions in the
sphere of innovative activities;
disclosing the main components of institutional
support to innovation-based development of the coal
industry which include the legislative and regulatory base;
institutes regulating the economic relations in the sphere
of innovative activities of mining enterprises; national and
regional authorities in the field of innovative activities;
identifying the ways of improving the institutional
support to innovation-based development of the coal
industry which include the issues concerning the formation
174
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (34), 2013
Yu. Z. Drachuk, N. V. Trushkina
of institutions that regulate the innovative model of
modernization and development of the coal industry, the
increase of the industry’s competitiveness, liberalization
of the coal market, attraction of private investment
resources, determination of the fair rent for the use of
mineral resources, privatization, environmental security,
prestige of miners’ work, improvement of management
efficiency, etc.
The priority directions of the scientific-technical and
innovative activities of enterprises of the coal industry,
which are based on the “Concept of the draft national
target program for the development of Ukraine’s industry
till 2017”, are the following (Fig. 2).
Now, let's characterize each of the above directions:
1. Stimulation of technical re-equipment, determination
of the economic effect from technical re-equipment.
2. Financing of new technologies introduction,
determination of the economic effect from the introduction
of new technologies.
3. Encouragement of measures aimed at the coal
enrichment, certification of products, introduction of the
international quality system ISO 9000 at enterprises,
control and monitoring of coal products quality.
4. Financing of new technologies and equipment
development, regulatory and information support to
innovation-based development of the coal industry.
5. Financing of the program on creation of domestic
competitive mining equipment, assessment of competitiveness
of domestic mining equipment.
6. Stimulation of scientific support to technological
processes.
7. Improvement of laws and regulatory acts related
to scientific-technical and innovative activities, social
protection of researchers, intellectual property and
government target programs, providing funding for
development of science and techniques having priorities
for innovation-based development of the coal industry,
organization of competitions of scientific developments
under the auspices of the Ministry of Energy and Coal
Industry with allocation of money for further research
and development.
8. Making amendments in the national legislation
on transfer of costs for the restoration of the material
and technical base of the branch science from the taxable
income, increase of places in post-graduate and doctoral
courses in technical specialties ordered by the state.
Conclusions. To solve the problem of finding
financial sources for innovative activities, it is necessary
to simplify the relevant laws, grant privileges, create
private capital, and provide advanced training of scientific
personnel through the improvement of remuneration
system for scientists. The problems of providing innovative
activity of coal enterprises due to the improvement of
methodical recommendations on preferential taxation,
insurance of investment projects, which should be applied
at enterprises, and the use of international experience in
supporting innovation processes are of great urgency.
According to calculations of experts, the implementation
Fig. 2. Priority areas of scientific and technological and innovative development of coal enterprises
Priorities in innovative activities of the coal industry enterprises
Technical re-equipment of coal production on the basis of innovation
Introduction of new mining technologies
Development and implementation of measures to improve the quality of coal
Formation of regulatory and information support to innovation-based
development of the coal industry
Development and implementation of the program to create
domestic competitive mining equipment
Providing scientific support to technological processes
Implementation of measures to enhance the potential of scientific-technical
and innovative activities
science, technology and innovation
Restoration of the material and technical base of branch science
and training of highly qualified scientific personnel
175
Економічний вісник Донбасу № 4 (34), 2013
of proposals on the improvement of institutional support
to innovation-based development of industrial production
will allow increasing the share of innovation active
industrial enterprises by 14,3% and the level of science-
intensity of GDP by 0,6% due to all sources of financing.
The above ways of improving the institutional
support to innovation-based development of the coal
industry enterprises will contribute to the formation of
innovation infrastructure, increase of the economic and
financial incentives and government financing of priority
innovative activities, creation of the information environment,
strengthening of scientific and regulatory support to
innovations of the mining industry.
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Драчук Ю. З., Трушкіна Н. В. Формування
інституціонального середовища інноваційного
розвитку вугільних підприємств
У статті проаналізовано основні показники інно-
ваційної діяльності вітчизняних підприємств у сфері
видобування паливно-енергетичних копалин. Розроб-
лено пропозиції щодо формування інституціонально-
го середовища інноваційного розвитку вугільних під-
приємств.
Ключові слова: інституціональне середовище,
інноваційний розвиток, вугільне підприємство.
Драчук Ю. З., Трушкина Н. В. Формирование
институциональной среды инновационного раз-
вития угольных предприятий
В статье проанализированы основные показате-
ли инновационной деятельности отечественных пред-
приятий в сфере добычи топливно-энергетических
ископаемых. Разработаны предложения по формиро-
ванию институциональной среды инновационного раз-
вития угольных предприятий.
Ключевые слова: институциональная среда, ин-
новационное развитие, угольное предприятие.
Drachuk Yu. Z., Trushkina N. V. Forming the
Institutional Environment for Innovation-based
Development of Coal Enterprises
The study analyzes basic indicators of innovation-
based development of domestic enterprises in the field
of fuel and energy resources production. The proposals
have been worked out to form the institutional environment
for the development of coal enterprises.
Key words: the institutional environment, innovation-
based development, coal enterprise.
Received by the editors: 21.10.2013
and final form 04.12.2013
Yu. Z. Drachuk, N. V. Trushkina
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