Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2
A new system to control a 630-ton and a 2500-ton presses has been developed. By using this system it has been made possible to define new parameters related to pressure and temperature and the influence of certain factors on them. Furthermore, the new system has been shown to indicate that other pa...
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| Zitieren: | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 / L.O. Tavares, W.S. Vianna, G.S. Bobrovnitchii, A.L.D. Skury, J.J.A. Rangel // Сверхтвердые материалы. — 2012. — № 4. — С. 16-26. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Tavares, L.O. Vianna, W.S. Bobrovnitchii, G.S. Skury, A.L.D. Rangel, J.J.A. |
| author_facet | Tavares, L.O. Vianna, W.S. Bobrovnitchii, G.S. Skury, A.L.D. Rangel, J.J.A. |
| citation_txt | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 / L.O. Tavares, W.S. Vianna, G.S. Bobrovnitchii, A.L.D. Skury, J.J.A. Rangel // Сверхтвердые материалы. — 2012. — № 4. — С. 16-26. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. |
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| description | A new system to control a 630-ton and a 2500-ton presses has been developed. By using this system it has been made possible to define new parameters related to pressure and temperature and the influence of certain factors on them. Furthermore, the new system has been shown to indicate that other parameters, such as height of the gasket formed, electrical resistance of the reaction cell, and the frequency of activation of the pump or multiplier, can serve as important indicators of the improvement of superhard material production technologies, implementing the Computational Intelligence.
Розроблено нову систему управління пресами зусиллям 630 і 2500 тонн. За допомогою цієї системи стало можливим визначити нові параметри, що пов’язані з тиском і температурою, і вплив на них певних факторів. Крім того, інші параметри, такі як висота ущільнення, що утворюється, електричний опір реакційної комірки і частота активації насоса або мультиплікатора, можуть бути важливими показниками удосконалення технології отримання надтвердих матеріалів при використанні обчислювального інтелекту.
Разработана новая система управления прессами усилием 630 и 2500 тонн. С помощью этой системы стало возможным определить новые параметры, связанные с давлением и температурой, и влияние на них определенных факторов. Кроме того, другие параметры, такие как высота образующегося уплотнения, электросопротивление реакционной ячейки и частота активации насоса или мультипликатора, могут служить важными показателями улучшения технологии получения сверхтвердых материалов, используя вычислительный интеллект.
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| first_indexed | 2025-11-30T16:05:38Z |
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| fulltext |
www.ism.kiev.ua/stm 16
UDC 666.233-49.2; UDC 658.012.122:621.921
L. O. Tavares, W. S. Vianna, G. S. Bobrovnitchii,
A. L. D. Skury, J. J. A. Rangel (Campos, RJ, Brazil)
Possibility of the application
of the computational intelligence
in the production of superhard materials.
Report 2
A new system to control a 630-ton and a 2500-ton presses has been
developed. By using this system it has been made possible to define new parameters
related to pressure and temperature and the influence of certain factors on them. Fur-
thermore, the new system has been shown to indicate that other parameters, such as
height of the gasket formed, electrical resistance of the reaction cell, and the frequency
of activation of the pump or multiplier, can serve as important indicators of the im-
provement of superhard material production technologies, implementing the Computa-
tional Intelligence.
Keywords: high pressure, superhard materials, synthesis, sintering,
press, high-pressure apparatus, command.
PARAMETERS EVALUATED
When analyzing the curves of the graphs of the parameters and of
the height of a gasket hc, we can see that there is a difference between these curves,
for variable productivities (scale for enlarged hc). The behavior features of the
parameters p1, I, V, W, R and hc during synthesis, are shown in Figs. 1 (no yield)
and 2 (with the maximum yield of diamonds). In general, the records of the
distance between the high-pressure apparatus (HPA) components show the
following steps:
– fast approach of the HPA components;
– elastic and plastic deformation of the capsule;
– formation of the gasket under pressure p1 = 66–70 MPa (p2 from 3.0 to
3.2 GPa);
– elastic deformation of the gasket during the subsequent pressure increase up
to 5.0 GPa;
– pressure release and removal of the HPA components after the synthesis.
The hc curve shows no increase of the gasket critical thickness during the
synthesis, only its reduction. This indicates that there is no increase of the pressure
within the compression chamber due to the thermal expansion of the mixture, as
described in [1]. The behavior of the approximating curve may be caused by the
dimensions of the graphite porosity, the alloy melting and filling graphite pores as
well as to the initial formation of diamond nucleus.
From the analysis of the graphs shown in Figs. 1 and 2, we can state that:
– there is a difference between the curves of electric resistance, power, and
voltage of the reaction mixture for each operation. According to Fig. 1, for 200 s
after setting the controlled current of heating, the electrical resistance remains
constant. Figure 2 shows that the electric resistance reaches its lowest level in 200 s
and after 50 s increases and becomes constant;
© L. O. TAVARES, W. S. VIANNA, G. S. BOBROVNITCHII, A. L. D. SKURY, J. J. A. RANGEL, 2012
ISSN 0203-3119. Сверхтвердые материалы, 2012, № 4 17
– the registrated curves of the distance change (hc) between the components of
HPA during the process have different characters. The process without the
diamond production presents the formation of a gasket under hydraulic pressure p1
of 70 MPa and, after reaching the level of the electrical current for the synthesis,
the distance between the HPA components is reduced by 0.1 mm. The time of this
event is 200 s;
– during the synthesis with productivity, the decrease of the hc between the
components of the HPA was 0.4 mm and took 100 s. This may be caused only by
the pressure decrease in the compression chamber of the HPA due to the
transformation of graphite into diamond, with the elastic deformation of the gasket
and the increase of contact pressure on it, since the force of the press is not
changed.
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
100 200 300 400 500 600 701 801 901
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
P
ar
am
et
er
s
Time, s
p
1
I
V
W
R
h
c
, mm
1 2
0.10 mm
1.4 × 10
–3
, mm/s
H
ei
gh
t,
m
m
Fig. 1. Parameters p1, MPa×10; I, A; hc; mm×10; R, Ω×105; V, V×102; and W, W×10–1, during
the synthesis process without productivity.
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
0.4 mm
W
R
10 × 10
–3
mm/s
P
ar
am
et
er
s
Time, s
V
h
c
I
p
1
H
ei
gh
t,
m
m
Fig. 2. Parameters p1, I, hc, R, V, and W (see Fig. 1) during the synthesis with the maximum final
yield.
www.ism.kiev.ua/stm 18
If the pressure, p1, increases linearly in the master cylinder from 102 MPa, with
a speed of 0.3 MPa/min from the beginning of heating, it is possible to increase the
pressure within the compression chamber.
The characteristics of the typical behavior of the direct parameters (p1, I, R, V,
W, and hc), during synthesis are shown in Fig. 3 (maximum productivity of 6.7 g).
150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Time, s
P
ar
am
et
er
s
–3.00
–2.75
–2.50
–2.25
–2.00
–1.75
–1.50
–1.25
–1.00
–0.75
–0.50
–0.25
0,00
h
c
R
W
V
I
p
1
H
ei
gh
t,
m
m
Fig. 3. Curves of the main parameters (see Fig. 1) of the process during the diamond synthesis.
With the increase of pressure p1 up to 105 MPa in the master cylinder, critical
height hc ranges intensively. In this case, the pressure value in the gasket increases
faster, causing plastic deformation in the peripheries of the anvils [2]. In any case,
there is a correlation between pressure p1 and hc.
A way of evaluating the pressure during the diamonds synthesis by correlating
the gasket height with the pressure generated within the compression chamber
before heating was proposed in [3]. But the linear shape of this dependence does
not correspond to the reality of the gasket deformation found in this study. The
approximating curve of the HPA parts, constructed in this paper, in accordance
with the calibration data made under a temperature of 30°C, can serve as an indica-
tor of high pressure within the compression chamber for each operation (Fig. 4).
This and other dependences (see Figs. 1–3) show that hc is a parameter that can
serve for the evaluation of the processes from the operator’s point of view as to the
future of the Computational Intelligence (CI) in the programming of the command
through the equation and appropriate conditions.
With the variations of size and weight of the assembled capsules depending on
the gasket critical height and the productivity by operation, some results of the
automatic process of diamond synthesis are shown in Table 1. This is caused both
by the pressure and temperature change during the process. Comparing the change
in weight of the assembled capsule with recorded parameters of the synthesis (see
Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6), it can be concluded that the value of electrical resistance and
the critical thickness of the deformed gasket are connected to each other and
influence the operation result.
Of course, the main parameters depend, as is seen in Table 1, on the properties
of the deformable capsule material, the reaction mixture, the insulating covers and
other reaction cell components. Among them, the electrical resistance,
ISSN 0203-3119. Сверхтвердые материалы, 2012, № 4 19
compressibility, density, and dimensions of each component of the assembled
capsule are emphasized. To keep them in equality is impossible, because the mass
production does not allow it. It may be necessary to select components in groups
and for each group apply more appropriate parameters, which can be found by the
CI.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
p 2, G
P
a
h, mm
p
2
= f(h)
Fig. 4. Pressure in the compression chamber as a function of the distance between the HPA
components under the common environmental conditions.
Table 1. Results of the automatic synthesis process and the behavior
of its parameters
Synthesis
products
Initial height
of the
capsule,
mm
Initial weight
of the
capsule, g
p1,
MPa
I, A
Critical
height of the
gasket, mm
Average
productivity
of an operation, g
Without
diamonds, 1 unit
30.26 150.36 102 950 2.98 0
Diamonds in the
center, 3 units
30.38 146.94 102 955 3.05 3.6
Diamonds in the
periphery, 3 units
30.45 155.21 103 960 2.85 4.4
Diamonds in the
entire section,
43 units
29.78 148.80 104 960 2.75 6.1
As mentioned, the behavior of the curve of the pressure in the master cylinder
drew our attention. Figure 7 shows, in detail, typical curves of the maintenance of
pressure p1 in the processes carried out without heating, with heating, and with a
high and low productivity. Analyzing the curve of the synthesis with high
productivity after setting the level of the synthesis current, the frequency of linkage
of the pressure multiplier increases and simultaneously reduces the height of the
gasket according to curves hc of the synthesis process (see Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6).
www.ism.kiev.ua/stm 20
By increasing the scale of the p1 curves in the graphs shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, and
6, it can be confirmed that there is a change in pressure p1 presented by a cyclic
variation of the pressure with amplitude of 0.6 MPa in Fig. 7. The profiles of these
changes for each productivity are different and can be used for evaluation of the
operation by the future CI.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
P
ar
am
et
er
s
Time, s
p
1
I
R
V
W
h
c
Q
T
o
T
i
Fig. 5. Curves of the parameters (see Fig. 1; Q, –l/h×102; Ti, °C×10; To, °C×10) of the synthesis
performed at 102 MPa, 890 A, the sample capsule height being 30.48 mm, total weight 154.22 g,
and yield 33.23 % (coefficient of transformation).
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Time, s
p
1
I
R
V
W
h
c
Q
P
ar
am
et
er
s
T
o
T
i
Fig. 6. Curves for synthesis performed at p1 = 103 MPa, free current Ii = 850 A, Imax = 963 A, If =
930 A, sample height 30.26 mm, total weight 154.01 g, yield = 35.67 % (see Figs. 1 and 5).
The difference between the frequency activation of the multiplier can also serve
as an evaluator. The average number of the multiplier activation cycles per minute
(cpm) during the maintenance of pressure p1 (102 MPa) differs for syntheses with
ISSN 0203-3119. Сверхтвердые материалы, 2012, № 4 21
and without the diamond yield. The number of activations to maintain the diamond
synthesis parameters with the diamond yield is four times higher. When the
complementary pump with a variable rotation is used, this rotation can also serve
as an indicator of the synthesis success. This effect is shown by the graph in Fig. 8,
which can also be used in the synthesis evaluation by the CI.
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
0.8 MPa/min
1.6 MPa/min B
Time, s
p 1, M
P
a×
10
A
C
Fig. 7. Behavior of pressure curves p1 in the following cases: low productivity with the con-
trolled current (A), without heating of the reaction mixture (B), high productivity with the con-
trolled current (C).
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
A
ct
iv
at
io
n,
c
pm
Time, min
1
Fig. 8. Number of cycles per minute during synthesis with high productivity (1) and without it
(2).
It is possible to fix the parameters of the synthesis during the process or stop it
(“intervention” by the operator in the automatic process of synthesis) to ensure the
increase in productivity of the synthesis in general. The first solution is more
economical because it avoids the loss of material and time, but depends on the
quality of the CI or the skill of the operator. The parameters that will indicate the
necessity of the intervention in the process are a low or high value of the thickness;
www.ism.kiev.ua/stm 22
velocity of a change of the gasket height; and lack of the increase of the electric
resistance after 200 s of synthesis.
Among these parameters, the distance measurement of approach between the
components of a HPA allows interrupting the process in a shorter time.
In Table 2 the results of the synthesis (with a controlled current) and the change
of the synthesis parameters in the course of the process are presented. The signal to
change the pressure was the curve inclination of the critical thickness of the gasket
formed. To attain the desired change of the temperature, the value of the electric
resistance of the reaction mixture was chosen.
Table 2. Comparison of a synthesis without automatic control
and with a new command, using simple diagram and pre-heating diagram
Process characteristics
Synthesis with-
out command
Simple diagram
Pre-heating
diagram
Pressure, GPa 4.7±0.2 4.7±0.1 4.7±0.1
Temperature at the center
of the reaction cell, °C
1250±40 1310±30 pre-heating for 2 min at 720;
final heating 1350±30
Duration, min 13 10 9.5
Amount of diamond in
carats obtained by the
operation
21 +2.0
–1.0
23 +3.0
–2.0
25 +3.0
–1.0
Particle size,
% of diamonds obtained
by an operation
500/400 μm
400/315 μm
315/250 μm
250/200 μm
200/160 μm
160/125 μm
125/100 μm
100/80 μm
80/63 μm
63/40 μm
0.8
1.0
2.6
7.5
8.0
12.0
30.0
20.5
13.7
3.9
3.0
4.3
4.7
6.1
9.2
20.0
28.0
13.2
9.4
2.1
3.6
4.3
5.2
10.2
12.1
24.0
25.0
10.3
4.1
1.2
Morphology of the obtained
diamonds, mass %
Crystals of correct habit
Grains of angular shape
Elongated grains
Grains of a laminar fashion
13.1
23.4
29.5
34.0
16.2
25.6
35.3
22.9
10.8
33.7
29.2
26.3
The theoretical study was made on the basis of experiments that enabled to
determine the level curve that describes the productivity with independent
variables p1 and I, to support the obtained results, and justify the perspective of the
CI use. Five repetitions on the central point of the CCP allowed determining the
average relative error of 3.05.
ISSN 0203-3119. Сверхтвердые материалы, 2012, № 4 23
Figure 9 shows the level curve of the productivity. This curve indicates that
under the conditions employed the higher productivity is in the region above 940 A
and 103.5 MPa. These results show that the initial temperature of the synthesis
process should be 1350°C at a pressure p2 at least of 4.7 GPa. Analyzing the level
curve, we see that the highest productivity could be achieved with a pressure of
104.8 MPa and electric current of 960 A.
935 940 945 950 955 960 965 970 975
Current, A
105.0
103.0
104.0
103.5
104.5
P
re
ss
ur
e,
M
P
a
Fig. 9. Pattern of the 10-min productive synthesis using variable parameters.
The analysis of the recorded data of the indirect parameters such as flow, input
and output temperatures of the water cooling the HPA, temperature of the HPA
parts, shows that they also have an impact on the process results. It is necessary to
maintain the temperature of the anvils and of the HPA components until level 50°C
before the installation into the press. Under the real conditions of the carried out
studies, it was not possible to maintain this equality in the time of synthesis.
The influence of the new automation system on the process of diamond
synthesis is shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Results of the automatic synthesis lasting 10 min
Synthesis
products
Initial height
of the capsule,
mm
Initial weight
of the capsule,
g
p1,
MPa
I,
A
Critical
height of a
gasket, mm
Average
productivity
per operation,
g
Without diamonds,
3 units
30.28 151.56 102 955 2.88 0
Diamonds at the
center, 7 units
30.36 147.44 102 955 2.90 3.2
Diamonds at the
periphery, 10 units
30.42 154.52 102 955 2.95 4.1
Diamonds in the
entire section,
30 units
29.80 148.61 102 955 2.70 5.8
www.ism.kiev.ua/stm 24
The above results show that the indicated parameters have considerable
influence on the productivity, because there are variations even maintaining the
main parameters (p1, I and t) constant in all experiments and indirectly near the
equilibrium line in the phase diagram of carbon. For this reason, it is necessary to
carry out further investigations to develop a more effective CI.
SINTERING OF A cBN COMPOSITE
25 samples of composites based on cBN, almost cylindrical in shape with a
diameter of 5 mm were produced.
According to the supervisory program of the 630-ton hydraulic press, the more
complex record of the graphs of sintering that presented the real values of pressure
p1 and power W during the process was done. Two graphs are presented for unicy-
cle and three-cycle sintering (Figs. 10 and 11).
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time, s
P
ow
er
, W
×1
0
p
1
W
P
re
ss
ur
e,
M
P
a
×1
0–
1
Fig. 10. Curves of sintering cBN at a pressure of p1 and power W, sample 1.2.
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
p
1
W
P
ow
er
, W
×
10
Time, s
P
re
ss
ur
e,
M
P
a
×1
0–
1
Fig. 11. Curves of the parameters of sintering cBN for three cycles under the action of pressure
p1, and power W, sample 5.2.
ISSN 0203-3119. Сверхтвердые материалы, 2012, № 4 25
The period of the high pressure application for each cycle was of 2.5 min to
compensate the time spent for the increase and decrease of the power, each cycle
lasted for a period of 6 min, which includes the increase of the pressure up to the
operating level (1.2 min), maintaining the pressure for 2.5 min, and decrease pres-
sure for 2.3 min. The time of the real sintering (simultaneous action of pressure and
temperature) was 2 min.
In all graphs, there were average variations of ±0.2 MPa and ±3.0 W at a level
of sintering. The greatest high-pressure variation was in sample 3.2 with variations
of ±0.5 MPa and ±30 W.
The graphs show that there was not a uniform velocity of the pressure reduction
between the stages of high and low pressure p1, which caused a malformation of
the level of low pressure (10 MPa in the master cylinder). For sample 5.2, the
pressure reduced to a value of 9.2 MPa. Thus, it is understood that the reduction
period of 1 min between the levels of maximum and minimum pressure p1 has not
been sufficient for the effective formation of the pressure minimum level, since the
high speed of reduction did not allow the software to perform the control as
scheduled.
The positive influence of the cyclic application of the sintering parameters, in
the automatic system, is connected both with the increase of samples density and
the increase of mechanical characteristics. This is caused by a martensitic
recrystallization of the binder and a decrease of space between the cBN grains. The
best results were exhibited by samples treated in three cycles. The microhardness
increased the by 18 %.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of the new command for special presses of UENF made it
possible to mark exactly, which parameters of synthesis and sintering are
responsible for the stability and perfection of the processes mentioned. The
possibility to record 11 direct and indirect parameters gives a great opportunity to
assess the influence of parameters, which are not monitored, and to make a
proposal to create the appropriate algorithms of the future CI.
The behavior of the recorded curve shows that in the case when the HPA of an
anvil with a central cavity type is applied, the synthesis process is unstable,
because of many phenomena. A collection of data related to the operating
conditions and their results can be processed using a data mining algorithm to
identify the interrelation of these phenomena.
The direct real parameters I and p1 and the effectiveness of the process depend
on the following indirect parameters: a size variation of a deformable capsule,
density of the reaction mixture and its electrical resistance; properties of other
components of the reaction cell; initial temperature of the anvils, a speed of cooling
the HPA, and plastic deformation of the working surfaces of the HPA anvils.
The construction of the HPA used creates a change of the pressure during
heating of the reaction cell accompanied by a reduction of the critical thickness of
the gasket formed. A pressure increase due to warming (thermal expansion) was
not recorded.
The curve of measuring the distance between the components of HPA during
the generation of high pressure and temperature can serve as an indicator of the
interruption of the process with no productivity and also can serve as an indicator
of the value of high pressure p2 within the compression chamber at room
temperature.
www.ism.kiev.ua/stm 26
Based on the analysis of the information obtained from the tests of the
command, we can state that the measuring of the distance between the anvils may
enable the construction of the calibration curve of the pressure inside the
compression chamber of HPA. This measuring of the distance may also establish a
new parameter for pressure control, state the time of disconnection of the press in
case of a rapid ejection in the form of explosion, and indicate a variation of the
compression chamber volume.
As it is impossible to eliminate the casualties, the new command of the 2,500-
ton press is enabling the correction of the p, T-parameters during the automatic
process of synthesis or stopping it, even thus increasing the productivity of
synthesis per minute (from 6 to 8 %).
The new command allowed increasing the process productivity by a factor of
1.2, increasing the lifetime of the HPA by 10 %, improving security, and,
especially, providing data for scientific analysis in studies of high pressure.
In the case of sintering superhard material, the new command and the research
have shown the ability, for example, to carry out very complex procedures.
Concluding the analysis of the results obtained previously with new automation
system of the 630- and 2,500-ton presses for production of superhard materials, we
can say that there is a perspective of the development and application of CI to
increase quality and productivity of superhard materials on an industrial scale for
HPA of the anvil with a central cavity type.
Розроблено нову систему управління пресами зусиллям 630 і 2500 тонн.
За допомогою цієї системи стало можливим визначити нові параметри, що пов’язані з
тиском і температурою, і вплив на них певних факторів. Крім того, інші параметри,
такі як висота ущільнення, що утворюється, електричний опір реакційної комірки і час-
тота активації насоса або мультиплікатора, можуть бути важливими показниками
удосконалення технології отримання надтвердих матеріалів при використанні обчислю-
вального інтелекту.
Ключові слова: високий тиск, надтвердих матеріалів, синтез, спікання,
прес, апарат високого тиску, управління.
Разработана новая система управления прессами усилием 630 и 2500
тонн. С помощью этой системы стало возможным определить новые параметры, свя-
занные с давлением и температурой, и влияние на них определенных факторов. Кроме
того, другие параметры, такие как высота образующегося уплотнения, электросопро-
тивление реакционной ячейки и частота активации насоса или мультипликатора, могут
служить важными показателями улучшения технологии получения сверхтвердых мате-
риалов, используя вычислительный интеллект.
Ключевые слова: высокое давление, сверхтвердых материалов, синтез,
спекание, пресс, аппарат высокого давления, управление.
1. Shulzhenko A. A., Maslenko Yu. S. et al. Study of the pressure change in conditions of high
pressure during the synthesis of super hard materials // Vliyanie vysokikh davlenii na materi-
aly (The influence of high pressure on the substances). – Kiev: IPM AN UkrSSR,1977. –
P. 113–117.
2. Novikov N. V., Prikhna A. I, Borimsky A. I. Steel high-pressure apparatus for synthesis of
superhard materials // Proc. 8th Int. Conf. AIRAPT and 9th EHPRG Int. Conf. on High Pres-
sure Research, Sweden. – Uppsala: Univ. of Uppsala, 1983. – Vol. 2. – P. 493–498.
3. Potemkin A. A., Poliakov V. P. The evolution of pressure during diamond synthesis in the high
pressure apparatus // High Pressure Sci. Technol. – 1998. – 7. – P. 1004–1006.
North Fluminense State University Received 10.06.11
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-125986 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 0203-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-30T16:05:38Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Інститут надтвердих матеріалів ім. В.М. Бакуля НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Tavares, L.O. Vianna, W.S. Bobrovnitchii, G.S. Skury, A.L.D. Rangel, J.J.A. 2017-11-11T11:25:27Z 2017-11-11T11:25:27Z 2012 Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 / L.O. Tavares, W.S. Vianna, G.S. Bobrovnitchii, A.L.D. Skury, J.J.A. Rangel // Сверхтвердые материалы. — 2012. — № 4. — С. 16-26. — Бібліогр.: 3 назв. — англ. 0203-3119 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/125986 666.233-49.2; UDC 658.012.122:621.921 A new system to control a 630-ton and a 2500-ton presses has been developed. By using this system it has been made possible to define new parameters related to pressure and temperature and the influence of certain factors on them. Furthermore, the new system has been shown to indicate that other parameters, such as height of the gasket formed, electrical resistance of the reaction cell, and the frequency of activation of the pump or multiplier, can serve as important indicators of the improvement of superhard material production technologies, implementing the Computational Intelligence. Розроблено нову систему управління пресами зусиллям 630 і 2500 тонн. За допомогою цієї системи стало можливим визначити нові параметри, що пов’язані з тиском і температурою, і вплив на них певних факторів. Крім того, інші параметри, такі як висота ущільнення, що утворюється, електричний опір реакційної комірки і частота активації насоса або мультиплікатора, можуть бути важливими показниками удосконалення технології отримання надтвердих матеріалів при використанні обчислювального інтелекту. Разработана новая система управления прессами усилием 630 и 2500 тонн. С помощью этой системы стало возможным определить новые параметры, связанные с давлением и температурой, и влияние на них определенных факторов. Кроме того, другие параметры, такие как высота образующегося уплотнения, электросопротивление реакционной ячейки и частота активации насоса или мультипликатора, могут служить важными показателями улучшения технологии получения сверхтвердых материалов, используя вычислительный интеллект. en Інститут надтвердих матеріалів ім. В.М. Бакуля НАН України Сверхтвердые материалы Получение, структура, свойства Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 Tavares, L.O. Vianna, W.S. Bobrovnitchii, G.S. Skury, A.L.D. Rangel, J.J.A. Получение, структура, свойства |
| title | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 |
| title_full | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 |
| title_fullStr | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 |
| title_short | Possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. Report 2 |
| title_sort | possibility of the application of the computational intelligence in the production of superhard materials. report 2 |
| topic | Получение, структура, свойства |
| topic_facet | Получение, структура, свойства |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/125986 |
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