The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota
Results of five year period of Argentina islands region Antarctic biota complex investigations are described. There were described 41 algae new for the Galindez island biogeografical polygon territory. Check-list of terrestrial algae now consists of 57 species belongs to 3 phyla. Стаття присвячена р...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Український антарктичний журнал |
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Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України
2009
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| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota / V. Polischuk, I. Kostikov, N. Taran, V. Voitsitsky, I.G. Budzanivska, S. Khyzhnyak, V. Trokhymets // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2009. — № 8. — С. 293-301. — Бібліогр.: 26 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860168826551795712 |
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| author | Polischuk, V. Kostikov, I. Taran, N. Voitsitsky, V. Budzanivska, I.G. Khyzhnyak, S. Trokhymets, V. |
| author_facet | Polischuk, V. Kostikov, I. Taran, N. Voitsitsky, V. Budzanivska, I.G. Khyzhnyak, S. Trokhymets, V. |
| citation_txt | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota / V. Polischuk, I. Kostikov, N. Taran, V. Voitsitsky, I.G. Budzanivska, S. Khyzhnyak, V. Trokhymets // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2009. — № 8. — С. 293-301. — Бібліогр.: 26 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Український антарктичний журнал |
| description | Results of five year period of Argentina islands region Antarctic biota complex investigations are described. There were described 41 algae new for the Galindez island biogeografical polygon territory. Check-list of terrestrial algae now consists of 57 species belongs to 3 phyla.
Стаття присвячена результатам п'ятирічного комплексного вивчення антарктичної біоти в районі Аргентинських островів. У результаті проведених досліджень систематичний список наземних водоростей біогеографічного полігону на острові Галіндез поповнився на 41 таксон видового рангу і включає 57 видів з трьох відділів.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:57:27Z |
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293
THE COMPLEX STUDYING OF ANTARCTIC BIOTA
Polishuk V., Kostikov I., Taran N., Voitsitsky V., Budzanivska I.G., Khyzhnyak S.,
Trokhymets V.
Virology Department, Taras Shevchenko' Kiev National University, Ukraine,
virus@biocc.univ.kiev.ua
Abstract. Results of five year period of Argentina islands region Antarctic biota complex investigations are
described. There were described 41 algae new for the Galindez island biogeografical polygon territory. Check-list
of terrestrial algae now consists of 57 species belongs to 3 phyla. 12 species from Chlorophytà and
Bacillariophyta were described for snow and cryophilic communities from Uruguay and Galindez islands. The
preliminary analysis of different chord animals' groups' phenological peculiarities were carry-out. 9 fish, 14 birds
and 8 mammals' species were analyzed.Complex phenological investigations of terrestrial animals from
bryophytic and soil substrata were carry-out for the first time. Virus antigens were detected in samples of
Deschampcia àntarctica and bryophytes from Barbilophozia and Polytrichum genera. This viruses belongs to
different taxonomical groups such as Tobacco mosaic virus (Tobamovirus), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
(Tobamovirus), Cucumber mosaic virus (Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), Tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyaviridae,
Tospovirus). Deschampsia àntarctica photosynthetic tissues samples investigations revealed high level of
antioxidant systems on example of superoxide dismutase. Such activity shows Deschampsia àntarcticà high
plasticity. Such peculiar properties of photosynthetic membranes of lipid-protein-pigment complexes structural
and functional components are demonstration of active adaptive strategies to Antarctic limitative factors.
Identified similarities lipid metabolism of various species may be indicative of the existence of a common
ancestral form, but some differences in levels of lipid metabolism - on the next stages of evolutionary divergence
in relation to the formation of a unique set of adaptations to the harsh Antarctic conditions. These data, together
with the data of morphological, anatomical, physiological, molecular studies may be useful in assessing the
evolutionary relationship of various species of Antarctic fish.
Key words: biocenosis, phenology, soil algae, plant viruses, adaptive strategies, lipid metabolism
Ðåôåðàò. Ñòàòòÿ ïðèñâÿ÷åíà ðåçóëüòàòàì ï'ÿòèð³÷íîãî êîìïëåêñíîãî âèâ÷åííÿ àíòàðêòè÷íî¿ á³îòè â
ðàéîí³ Àðãåíòèíñüêèõ îñòðîâ³â. Ó ðåçóëüòàò³ ïðîâåäåíèõ äîñë³äæåíü ñèñòåìàòè÷íèé ñïèñîê íàçåìíèõ
âîäîðîñòåé á³îãåîãðàô³÷íîãî ïîë³ãîíó íà îñòðîâ³ Ãàë³íäåç ïîïîâíèâñÿ íà 41 òàêñîí âèäîâîãî ðàíãó ³
âêëþ÷ຠ57 âèä³â ç òðüîõ â³ää³ë³â. Ó ãðóïóâàííÿõ ñí³ãó òà ëüîäó íà îñòðîâ³ Ãàë³íäåç òà îñòðîâà Óðóãâàé
âèÿâëåíî 12 âèä³â âîäîðîñòåé ç äâîõ â³ää³ë³â: Chlorophytà òà Bacillariophyta. Ïðîâåäåíî ïåðâèííèé àíàë³ç
ôåíîëîã³÷íèõ îñîáëèâîñòåé ð³çíèõ ãðóï õîðäîâèõ òâàðèí: 9 âèä³â ðèá, 14 âèä³â ïòàõ³â ³ 8 âèä³â ññàâö³â.
Óïåðøå ïðîâåäåíî êîìïëåêñíå ôåíîëîã³÷íå äîñë³äæåííÿ ´ðóíòîâèõ òâàðèí ³ç ìîõó, ãðóíò-ñóáñòðàòó òà
ãðóíòó. Ó çðàçêàõ ðîñëèí Deschampcia àntarctica òà ìîõàõ ðîä³â Barbilophozia òà Polytrichum áóëè
äåòåêòîâàí³ àíòèãåíè â³ðóñ³â, ÿê³ íàëåæàòü äî ð³çíèõ òàêñîíîì³÷íèõ ãðóï, à ñàìå â³ðóñ òþòþíîâî¿ ìîçà¿êè
(Tobamovirus), â³ðóñ çåëåíî¿ êðàï÷àòî¿ ìîçà¿êè îã³ðêà (Tobamovirus), â³ðóñ îã³ðêîâî¿ ìîçà¿êè
(Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), â³ðóñ ïëÿìèñòîãî ç³â'ÿíåííÿ òîìàò³â (Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus).
Äîñë³äæåííÿ ôîòîñèíòåòè÷íèõ òêàíèí çðàçê³â Deschampsia àntarctica çàñâ³ä÷óþòü âèñîêèé ð³âåíü
àíòèîêñèäàíòíèõ ñèñòåì (íà ïðèêëàä³ ñóïåð-îêñèääèñìóòàçè), ùî ãîâîðèòü ïðî äîñòàòíüî âèñîêó
ïëàñòè÷í³ñòü (á³ëüøà íîðìà ðåàêö³¿) ðîñëèí âèäó Deschampsia àntarcticà. Âèÿâëåí³ îñîáëèâîñò³
ñòðóêòóðíî-ôóíêö³îíàëüíèõ êîìïîíåíò³â ë³ï³ä-á³ëêîâî-ï³ãìåíòíîãî êîìïëåêñó ôîòîñèíòåòè÷íèõ
ìåìáðàí Deschampsia àntarcticà º ïðîÿâîì àêòèâíèõ àäàïòèâíèõ ñòðàòåã³é äàíîãî âèäó ðîñëèí äî
ë³ì³òóþ÷èõ ôàêòîð³â Àíòàðêòèêè. Âèÿâëåí³ ïîä³áíîñò³ ë³ï³äíîãî îáì³íó ð³çíèõ âèä³â ðèá ìîæóòü
ñâ³ä÷èòè ïðî íàÿâí³ñòü ó íèõ ñï³ëüíî¿ ïðåäêîâî¿ ôîðìè, à íàÿâí³ñòü â³äì³ííîñòåé ó äåÿêèõ ëàíêàõ
ë³ï³äíîãî ìåòàáîë³çìó – ïðî íàñòóïí³ åòàïè åâîëþö³éíî¿ äèâåðãåíö³¿ ó çâ'ÿçêó ç ôîðìóâàííÿì
ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜÊÈÉ ÀÍÒÀÐÊÒÈ×ÍÈÉ
ÆÓÐÍÀË
ÓÀÆ ¹ 8, 293-301 (2009)
ÓÄÊ 574.23
294
óí³êàëüíîãî íàáîðó àäàïòàö³é äî ñóâîðèõ óìîâ Àíòàðêòèêè. Îäåðæàí³ äàí³ íàðÿäó ³ç äàíèìè
ìîðôîëîã³÷íèõ, àíàòîìî-ô³ç³îëîã³÷íèõ, ìîëåêóëÿðíèõ äîñë³äæåíü ìîæóòü áóòè êîðèñíèìè ïðè îö³íö³
åâîëþö³éíî¿ ñïîð³äíåíîñò³ ð³çíèõ âèä³â àíòàðêòè÷íèõ ðèá.
Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: á³îöåíîç, íàçåìí³ âîäîðîñò³, ôåíîëîã³ÿ, â³ðóñè ðîñëèí, àäàïòèâí³ ñòðàòå㳿, ë³ï³äíèé
ìåòàáîë³çì.
Ðåôåðàò. Ñòàòüÿ ïîñâÿùåíà ðåçóëüòàòàì ïÿòèëåòíåãî êîìïëåêñíîãî èçó÷åíèÿ àíòàðêòè÷åñêîé áèîòû â
ðàéîíå Àðãåíòèíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ.  ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåííûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé ñïèñîê
íàçåìíûõ âîäîðîñëåé áèîãåîãðàôè÷åñêîãî ïîëèãîíà íà îñòðîâå Ãàëèíäåç ïîïîëíèëñÿ íà 41 òàêñîí
âèäîâîãî ðàíãà è âêëþ÷àåò 57 âèäîâ èç òð¸õ îòäåëîâ.  ãðóïïèðîâêàõ ñíåãà è ëüäà íà îñòðîâå Ãàëèíäåç è
îñòðîâà Óðóãâàé âûÿâëåíî 12 âèäîâ âîäîðîñëåé èç äâóõ îòäåëîâ: Chlorophytà è Bacillariophyta. Ïðîâåäåí
ïåðâè÷íûé àíàëèç ôåíîëîãè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé ðàçëè÷íûõ ãðóïï õîðäîâûõ æèâîòíûõ: 9 âèäîâ ðûá, 14
âèäîâ ïòèö è 8 âèäîâ ìëåêîïèòàþùèõ Âïåðâûå ïðîâåäåíî êîìïëåêñíûå ôåíîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ
ïî÷âåííûõ æèâîòíûõ èç ìõà, ãðóíò-ñóáñòðàòà è ãðóíòà.  îáðàçöàõ ðàñòåíèé Deschampcia àntarctica è
ìõàõ ðîäîâ Barbilophozia è Polytrichum áûëè äåòåêòèðîâàíû àíòèãåíû âèðóñîâ, ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ ê
ðàçíûì òàêñîíîìè÷åñêèõ ãðóïïàì, à èìåííî âèðóñ òàáà÷íîé ìîçàèêè (Tobamovirus), âèðóñ çåëåíîé
êðàï÷àòûé ìîçàèêè îãóðöà (Tobamovirus), âèðóñ îãóðå÷íîé ìîçàèêè (Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), âèðóñ
ïÿòíèñòîãî óâÿäàíèÿ òîìàòîâ (Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus). Èññëåäîâàíèå ôîòîñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ òêàíåé
îáðàçöîâ Deschampsia àntarctica ïîäòâåðæäàþò âûñîêèé óðîâåíü àíòèîêñèäàíòíûõ ñèñòåì (íà ïðèìåðå
ñóïåðîêñèääèñìóòàçû), ÷òî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêîé ïëàñòè÷íîñòè (áîëüøàÿ íîðìà
ðåàêöèè) ðàñòåíèé âèäà Deschampsia àntarcticà. Âûÿâëåíû îñîáåííîñòè ñòðóêòóðíî-ôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ
êîìïîíåíòîâ ëèïèä-áåëêîâî-ïèãìåíòíîãî êîìïëåêñà ôîòî-ñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ìåìáðàí Deschampsia
àntarcticà, ÷òî î÷åâèäíî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîÿâëåíèåì àêòèâíûõ àäàïòèâíûõ ñòðàòåãèé äàííîãî âèäà ðàñòåíèé ê
ëèìèòèðóþùèì ôàêòîðàì Àíòàðêòèêè. Âûÿâëåííûå ñõîäñòâà ëèïèäíîãî îáìåíà ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâ ðûá
ìîãóò ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàòü î íàëè÷èè ó íèõ îáùåé ïðåäêîâîé ôîðìû, à ðàçëè÷èÿ â íåêîòîðûõ çâåíüÿõ
ëèïèäíîãî ìåòàáîëèçìà – î ñëåäóþùèõ ýòàïàõ ýâîëþöèîííîé äèâåðãåíöèè â ñâÿçè ñ ôîðìèðîâàíèåì
óíèêàëüíîãî íàáîðà àäàïòàöèé ê ñóðîâûì óñëîâèÿì Àíòàðêòèêè. Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå íàðÿäó ñ äàííûìè
ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèõ, àíàòîìî-ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèõ, ìîëåêóëÿðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ìîãóò áûòü ïîëåçíû ïðè
îöåíêå ýâîëþöèîííîé ðîäñòâà ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâ àíòàðêòè÷åñêèõ ðûá.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: áèîöåíîç, íàçåìíûå âîäîðîñëè, ôåíîëîãèÿ, âèðóñû ðàñòåíèé, àäàïòèâíûå ñòðàòåãèè,
ëèïèäíûé ìåòàáîëèçì.
Introduction. Due to its climatic and ecological characteristics, the region of Antarctica is
unique area of wilderness with unprecedented biodiversity. Hence complex study and continuous
monitoring are the priority tasks when conducting research of such reference areas of untouched
nature as Antarctica. Complex study of biodiversity presumes analyzing all inclusive elements:
complexes of viruses, microorganisms, botanical and zoological objects. One of these are zoocenoses
belonging to various ecosystems. Here animals utilize primary production or are predators – being the
consumers of the first and higher orders. Thus, the ground substrate (by the example of Argentina
Islands) for biota expansion are the rocks, where lichens grow, and crushed eluvium. Mosses dominate
in vegetation, however two species of higher vascular plants, Deschampsia antarctica and
Colobanthus quitensis, also grow on confined areas. Due to the extinction of vegetation and wind drift
the areas of primary soil are formed. These are especially evident close to the rookeries, where
significant accumulations of organic guano are formed. The representatives of multiple groups of
invertebrates (free-living soil nematodes, tardigrades, mites, colembolas, chironomids, etc.) feeding
on plants or preying on other invertebrate animals of these ecosystems are typical inhabitants of moss,
soil substrate, lichen and D.antarctica sods. Therefore, because of the life activity of higher chordates
(birds and mammals) the conditions are being created for producers' growth, primary production of
whose is then utilized by the invertebrates enabling the transmission of power by the food chain. This
is preconditions the necessity for complex study of such ecosystems, both for separate elements of zoo
chain and for the biodiversity as the whole.
In addition, the Antarctica is the indicative example of global climate changes which, in turn,
directly effect the alterations in biotic part of its ecosystems.
Polishuk V.: THE COMPLEX STUDYING OF ANTARCTIC BIOTA
295
As of today, many aspects of existence of different groups of antarctic animals, but more
importantly – many aspects of alterations invoked by direct of indirect human activity are studied
insufficiently.
Plants, mosses and algae. It is known that the producers of terrestrial antarctic ecosystems are
represented by algae (free-living ones and lichens' photobionts), moss-like (mosses and liverworts)
and vascular plants. In terrestrial biotopes in the region of Argentina Islands we have identified: 78
species and intraspecies taxons of algae, 34 moss species, 2 species of higher plants (Deschampsia
antarctica òà Colobanthus quitensis) which altogether makes 114 species and intraspecies taxons of
the producers.
The algae compose four types and 8 variants of grouping:
1. Litophilous (epilithic, endolithic, hypolithic)
2. Edaphic (of litosoil, ornithogenous soil, true brown soil)
3. Epiphyte groupings of bryocenoses
4. Cryophylic (groupings on snow and ice).
Following the inventory analysis of flora research for terrestrial algae of Argentina Islands, we
have registered the following in the terrestrial phytocenoses of Antarctica: 267 species (2, 14), from
which 150 species are found in coastal Antarctica.
In the region of Argentina Islands 78 species and intraspecies taxons were identified (10)
(about 30% from the total number of terrestrial algae species in Antarctica). From these, 7 species
belong to Cyanoprokaryota, 41 species – to diatomic algae (Bacillariophyta), and 30 species – to
green algae (Chlorophyta).
In addition, we have identified 3 species which are completely new for Antarctica as the whole:
Komvophoron groenlandicum (Cyanoprokaryota) – rare species, earlier known from
Greenland only. This species has been detected in litosoils from Galindez Island.
Pseudococcomyxa subellipsoidea (Chlorophyta) – one of the most spread species of
epibryophytic and soil groupings in the region of Argentina Islands.
Elliptochloris bilobata (Chlorophyta) – a rare species for Antarctica belonging to epibryophytic
groupings. Known mostly in mountain regions of Northern hemisphere. We have identified 6 taxons,
whose morphotypes totally don't correspond to any diagnosis of any species described so far, hence
these are new for science.
Four species are the genera which have not been identified in Antarctic terrestrial biotopes
until now (Spirulina sp., Avernensia sp., Parietochloris sp.1, Parietochloris sp.2), when two new
species belong to the genera which have been previously described in Antarctica (Coleochlamys sp.
And Koliella sp.).
We have identified complexes of dominants for edaphic, epibryophytic and cryophilic
groupings in the region of Argentina Islands: soil algae (57 species), cryophilic algae (12 species) and
epibryophilic algae (39 species).
Following the outcomes of the inventory analysis for moss-like plants on Argentina Islands,
34 moss-like species have been detected, from which 29 moss species and 5 liverwort species (20).
Terrestrial ecosystems. The investigation of the invertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems (26)
has been carried out for establishing species diversity for these animals in the region of Argentina
Islands and also for studying changes in their phenology under extreme conditions of the changing
environment.
The representatives of two [earlier] problematic animal groups (colembolas and mites) have
been identified in some samples collected in 2007-2008 (22). Thus, the colembolas are represented by
3 species (Cryptopygus antarctica, Friesea grisea and Isotoma octooculata), when mites – by 5
species (Alaskozetes antarcticus, Gamasellus racovitzai, Protereunetes minutus, Stereotydus villosus,
Ixodes uriae). Such complex data (many sampling points, large territory, seasonal sampling, and
Polishuk V.: THE COMPLEX STUDYING OF ANTARCTIC BIOTA
296
cultivation) for different points from the large territory close to UAS 'Academician Vernadsky' has
been generated for the first time in the history of Ukrainian research in Antarctica and for this
geographical region on the whole. Moreover, all points have been already tested for chironomids with
the single species identified as Belgica àntarctica.
Fresh water ecosystems. In big freshwater pools gill-footed crustaceans were detected,
Brachinecta granulosa for instance (Galindez, Skua, Barkhany Islands, etc.). Most importantly,
during the expedition in 2007-2008, a copepod Pseudoboeckella poppei (6) have been found in the
single small fresh water pond at the boundary island of the Rock group close to UAS 'Academician
Vernadsky' which then has been identified in office conditions.
Fish. We have carried out analysis of phenology and morphometric characteristics for 9 fish
species (12). For the first time, morphometric analysis has been completed for nearly 500 fish
specimens providing the opportunity (if further research and sampling from other points permit) to
assess morphological adaptations of fish in view of changing influence of the environment. As of now
the conducted analysis shows that the subdominant has changed (for the first time during the years of
monitoring) which is possibly due to the gradual change in climatic conditions. Thus, by quantity the
notothenia N.coriiceps remains the absolute dominant in captures (72,4%), when marbled notothenia
N. rosii became the subdominant (12%). Interestingly, only one specimen of marbled notothenia has
been captured in previous years, when 57 – in 2007-2008. At the same time, mottled trematomus
Tr.bernacchii, known to be always a subdominant in previous years, in 2007-2008 has been captured
for only 4 times and once it has been found in the stomach of a predator fish which makes only 1.1% of
its total quantity.
Birds. The monitoring of avifauna in the region of Argentina Archipelago (23) and further
analysis of obtained results provided important information on phenology for 14 bird species. This
monitoring has been started at the time of first Ukrainian expeditions to Antarctica and hence our
investigations were in fact the continuation of long-term monitoring. Phonological research for birds
and mammals allows noting certain deviations and establishing the underlying reasons. For instance,
for the first time Jintu penguins founded new colonies on Galindez Island and Tucsen Cape where
baby birds were raised. This is of great significance as at the present this is the first registered case of
new southernmost nesting site of Jintu penguins in this region Antarctica. In our opinion, this is the
global climatic changes of our planet that causes the reformation of the living environment for these
birds.
Mammals. The above said tendencies of studying phonological characteristics are also
peculiar to the mammals, 8 species of which have been registered. Thus, sea bear colonies in the region
of UAS 'Academician Vernadsky' do gradually increase each year which is evident of more optimal
conditions being created for the representatives of this species because of the changes in the living
environment.
Viruses. Molecular biological analysis of total RNA preparations from Deschampsia
antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis via RT-PCR for coat protein gene of TMV, PVX and CGMMV.
Samples analyzed in RT-PCR have then been subjected to ELISA with antisera to CMV, CGMMV,
TSWV, TMV, AMV, WSMV, BMV, BYDV, TuMV, PVX and PVY; this resulted in identification of
AMV and CGMMV in plant sap (13).
Despite we chosen the optimal technique for isolation of total RNA from Deschampsia
antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis plants, RT-PCR gained negative results only (3).
In view of this, the samples were further checked using ELISA for CMV, CGMMV, TSWV, TMV,
Polishuk V.: THE COMPLEX STUDYING OF ANTARCTIC BIOTA
297
AMV, WSMV, BMV, BYDV, TuMV, PVX and PVY (Fig.). We assumed the presence of virus antigens
for AMV and CGMMV in several samples of D. Àntarctica collected at Galindez, Durbox, Lippmann
Islands and Cape Rassmunssen, as colorimetric data have been close to positive values. Obtained
results may be explained by very low antigen content, presence of closely related strains or
temperature regimes during sampling which occurred at unfavourable conditions. This allows
concluding on positive ELISA outcomes for some samples of Deschampcia and Colobanthus plants.
Figure. Virus detection in Deschampcia àntarctica plants via DAS-ELISA.
Plant physiology. Investigation of adaptation of higher vascular plants (D. antarctica and
C. quitensis) of Antarctica to abiotic factors of this region allowed to verify the presence of specific
strategies of customizing to them, i.e. formation of the shortest ontogenesis that timely matches the
term of the Antarctic summer, and provides quick phases of ontogenesis (similarly to ephemorous
plants) necessary for formations of vegetative mass and maturation of generative apparatus of plants .
Together with passive adaptation the plants of D. antarctica also use active ways of adaptation,
which were examined by us at the level of light dependent processes and involved in its regulation
components of hardly investigated lipid-pigment complex of photosynthetic membranes of plants.
The precedence of both of photosynthetic pigments and specific lipid structures (glycolipids and
sulphohinovozylglycerol) involved in stabilization of funktion of plants photo systems under
extreme factors was showed (17, 19). Comparison was held in species aspect with aboriginal plants of
Deschampsia caespitosa and under conditions of experimental oxide stress (2, 15).
Investigation of pigment-protein complexes of tylakoid membranes of plants of D. antarctica
showed quantitative differences in general content of light harvesting complex 2 (LHK II) – its
1 3oligomeric (LHCP ) and monomeric (LHCP ) forms, content of chlorophyll in CPa zone that
corresponds to pigment-protein complexes of close antenna. Results of global alignment and domain
architecture showed that the fragment of amino acid sequence of protein fraction of D. antarctica PSII
is highly similar to the sequences of A. thaliana and O. sativa that belong to the protein family PcbC,
and as a result is a fragment of product of psbC family gene. It was also noted that in this fragment C-
terminal part of sequence, which by the size corresponds to one or more exones, is absent (18).
Study of photosynthetic tissues of Deschampsia àntarctica samples, which were selected in
Antarctica, also prove high level of antioxidative systems (as an example, superoxidedismutase), that
verifies pretty high plasticity (higher reaction norm) of plants Deschampsia àntarcticà (16).
Determined features of structural and functional components of lipid-protein-pigment
complex of photosynthetic membranes of Deschampsia àntarcticà are display of active adaptive
strategies of plants of this species to limiting factors of Antarctica (1).
Polishuk V.: THE COMPLEX STUDYING OF ANTARCTIC BIOTA
298
Biochemistry. During lots of decades Antarctica has been a universal polygon for
investigations of morphological, physiological and biochemical-molecular features of endemic flora
and fauna. Antarctica is a kingdom of nototheniid fish, as about 75% of representatives of bottom
fauna of Antarctica belong to superfamily Notothenioidàå (4, 7).
The problem of biological monitoring is search of biochemical indicators – both for estimation
of state of natural populations and for identifications of level of species varieties.
Under conditions of environment during long-termed evolutional process different species of
the Antarctic fish obtained morphofunctional features of adaptive character, that gave the possibility
to customize both separate biochemical reactions and functioning of the whole metabolic systems
regarding severe environmental conditions (5). One of the most important organic substances in live
organisms are lipids, which characterize in significant structural variety and wide spectrum of
functional activity (11).
This caused the necessity of investigation (2007-2008) of characteristics of lipid metabolism in
organism of different species of the Antarctic fish for estimation of homeostasis support ways under
adaptation to low temperatures. The blood serum is one of the most important pools of lipid
substances, thus quantitative indexes of lipid substances in blood serum are informative while
estimation of general level of lipid metabolism.
As a result of carried out work for three species of Antarctic fish. T.bernacchii, crocodile
icefish (Ch.aceratus) and N. Coriiceps differences in the content of main lipid blood components:
triazyl-glyerides, phospholipids and cholesterol, are determined (9).
Thus, increased level of TG in blood serum of icefish comparing to other species, can certify
the possibility of their utilization as additional source of energy (21).
Content of cholesterol that has structural and regulatory functions, for these species of fish is
averagely 5,8±0,7 mmol/l. Hence according to literature data the content of cholesterol in
representatives of temperate, and especially tropical latitudes, both in membranes and blood serum is
comparatively higher. That is why one of the fish adaptation mechanisms to low temperatures is
prevention of decrease of membranes fluidity by decreasing of cholesterol pool.
In blood serum of T.bernacchii decreased level of phospholipids, main component of cellular
membranes (1,95±0,10 mmol/l) was determined, comparing to C.àceratus and N.ñoriiceps, for which
this index is 2,77±0,16 and 2,64±0,11 mmol/l, respectively. The content of main phospholipids
(phosphatydilcholine and phosphatydilamine) for C.àceratus and T.bernacchii is similar and is
averagely 36 and 19% from total volume of phospholipids. Hence, for the representatives of species
N.ñoriiceps the tendency is contrary (25 and 36%, respectively). The content of minor component of
phospholipids (sphingomielin, phosphatydilserine and phosphatydilinozitol) in blood of all fish
species doesn't differ significantly. Determined differences in the content of phospholipids and
redistribution of individual phospholipids show the features of membrane dependent processes for
different species of Antarctic fish (8, 24, 25).
Lipids of blood serum predominantly are the part of lipoproteins (LP), which main function
lies in lipid transport between organs and regulation of lipid metabolism. Differences in content of
different class LP and in indexes of correlation between different LP classes in blood serum of the
Antarctic fish are determined. It shows the differences in metabolic cycles caused by lipid
homeostasis.
Obtained results of studying of content of lipids and lipoproteins of different species of the
Antarctic fish verify the presence of their features of energetic and metabolic processes connected to
adaptation to conditions of Antarctic. Obtained data show that C.àceratus and T.bernacchii
characterize by the similarity of indexes of lipid metabolism. At the same time N.ñoriiceps under such
indexes demonstrates significant differences from these studied species. It is ought to note that
N.ñoriiceps has a wider residence area (representatives can be met in the seas distal from Antarctica,
and sometimes in temperate latitude waters) comparing to T.bernacchii and Ch.àceratus, which are
Polishuk V.: THE COMPLEX STUDYING OF ANTARCTIC BIOTA
299
exclusively Antarctic. It can confirm that the presence of specific features of lipid metabolism of
N.ñoriiceps is one of the factors causing a width of adaptive spectrum to different environmental
conditions.
Identified similarities for the studied indexes of lipid metabolism of these species can witness
about presence of common ancestor form, and presence of differences in some steps of lipid
metabolism- about further stages of evolutional divergence due to formation of unique adaptation set
to severe conditions of Antarctica. Obtained data, together with data of morphological, anatomic,
physiological and molecular investigations can be useful while estimation of evolutional relationship
of different species of the Antarctic fish.
Thus, as of June 2008, according to results of our investigations the systematic list of terrestrial
algae from biogeographical polygon on island Galindez was amended by taxon species and included
57 species from 3 phylum Cyanophyta (4 species), Bacillariophyta (30), Chlorophyta (23).
12 algae species from two phylum Chlorophyta (11 species) and Bacillariophyta (1) were
identified in samples of snow and ice taken from biogeographical polygon on Galindez island and
from territory close to UAS 'Academician Vernadsky' Urygvay island.
Primary analysis of phenotypical features of different chordata animal groups: 9 fish species,
14 avian species and 8 mammalian species was conducted.
Complex phonological investigations (during one year period) of terrestrial invertebrates from
moss, soil-substrate and soil were conducted for the first time.
We have detected antigens of viruses belonging to different taxonomy groups: Tobacco mosaic
virus (Tobamovirus), Cucumber green mottle virus (Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus), Tomato spotted
wilt virus (Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus) in samples of plants Deschampcia àntarctica and moss of
Barbilophozia and Polytrichum genus.
The results of our investigations showed unexpected high diversity of viral antigens detected in
Antarctica.
Researches of samples from Deschampsia àntarctica photosynthetic tissues proved high level
of antioxidative systems (as an example, superoxidedismutase), that verifies pretty high plasticity
(higher reaction norm) of plants Deschampsia àntarcticà.
Determined features of structural and functional components of lipid-protein-pigment
complex of photosynthetic membranes of Deschampsia àntarcticà are display of active adaptive
strategies of plants of this species to limiting factors of Antarctica.
Identified similarities for the studied indexes of lipid metabolism of these species can witness
about presence of common ancestor form, and presence of differences in some steps of lipid
metabolism- about further stages of evolutional divergence due to formation of unique adaptation set
to severe conditions of Antarctica.
Obtained data, together with data of morphological, anatomic, physiological and molecular
investigations can be useful while estimation of evolutional relationship of different species of the
Antarctic fish.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Authors express deep gratitude to the National Antarctic
Scientific Center of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for the opportunity to
conduct research and comprehensive support.
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-128571 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1727-7485 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T17:57:27Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Polischuk, V. Kostikov, I. Taran, N. Voitsitsky, V. Budzanivska, I.G. Khyzhnyak, S. Trokhymets, V. 2018-01-11T19:48:31Z 2018-01-11T19:48:31Z 2009 The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota / V. Polischuk, I. Kostikov, N. Taran, V. Voitsitsky, I.G. Budzanivska, S. Khyzhnyak, V. Trokhymets // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2009. — № 8. — С. 293-301. — Бібліогр.: 26 назв. — англ. 1727-7485 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/128571 574.23 Results of five year period of Argentina islands region Antarctic biota complex investigations are described. There were described 41 algae new for the Galindez island biogeografical polygon territory. Check-list of terrestrial algae now consists of 57 species belongs to 3 phyla. Стаття присвячена результатам п'ятирічного комплексного вивчення антарктичної біоти в районі Аргентинських островів. У результаті проведених досліджень систематичний список наземних водоростей біогеографічного полігону на острові Галіндез поповнився на 41 таксон видового рангу і включає 57 видів з трьох відділів. en Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України Український антарктичний журнал Біологічні дослідження The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota Polischuk, V. Kostikov, I. Taran, N. Voitsitsky, V. Budzanivska, I.G. Khyzhnyak, S. Trokhymets, V. Біологічні дослідження |
| title | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota |
| title_full | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota |
| title_fullStr | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota |
| title_short | The Complex Studying of Antarctic Biota |
| title_sort | complex studying of antarctic biota |
| topic | Біологічні дослідження |
| topic_facet | Біологічні дослідження |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/128571 |
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