Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation
Particularly high mortality rate among pigs observed after weaning. The main reason for this phenomenon is the stressful situation. One of the most promising way to prevent the consequences of stress at weaning and aimed to increase the overall resistance of the organism of piglets is the use of bio...
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| Cite this: | Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation / N. Chyizhanska, T. Beregova // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2009. — № 8. — С. 382-385. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1285832025-02-09T14:25:23Z Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation Chyizhanska, N. Beregova, T. Біологічні дослідження Particularly high mortality rate among pigs observed after weaning. The main reason for this phenomenon is the stressful situation. One of the most promising way to prevent the consequences of stress at weaning and aimed to increase the overall resistance of the organism of piglets is the use of biologically active substances in diets. Our data and data of others on the anti-stress effect of melanin were basis for experiments on the use of melanin in the agricultural facilities that specialized in growing pigs. We found that the addition of melanin to piglets' diet during weaning completely abrogated their illness and mortality. 2009 Article Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation / N. Chyizhanska, T. Beregova // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2009. — № 8. — С. 382-385. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1727-7485 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/128583 612.015.4:612.39 (1-923.3) en Український антарктичний журнал application/pdf Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України |
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Біологічні дослідження Біологічні дослідження |
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Біологічні дослідження Біологічні дослідження Chyizhanska, N. Beregova, T. Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation Український антарктичний журнал |
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Particularly high mortality rate among pigs observed after weaning. The main reason for this phenomenon is the stressful situation. One of the most promising way to prevent the consequences of stress at weaning and aimed to increase the overall resistance of the organism of piglets is the use of biologically active substances in diets. Our data and data of others on the anti-stress effect of melanin were basis for experiments on the use of melanin in the agricultural facilities that specialized in growing pigs. We found that the addition of melanin to piglets' diet during weaning completely abrogated their illness and mortality. |
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Chyizhanska, N. Beregova, T. |
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Chyizhanska, N. Beregova, T. |
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Chyizhanska, N. |
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Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation |
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Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation |
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Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation |
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Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation |
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Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation |
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effect of melanin isolated from antarctic yeasts on preservation of pig livestock after ablactation |
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Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України |
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2009 |
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Біологічні дослідження |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/128583 |
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Effect of Melanin Isolated from Antarctic Yeasts on Preservation of Pig Livestock After Ablactation / N. Chyizhanska, T. Beregova // Український антарктичний журнал. — 2009. — № 8. — С. 382-385. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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Український антарктичний журнал |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT chyizhanskan effectofmelaninisolatedfromantarcticyeastsonpreservationofpiglivestockafterablactation AT beregovat effectofmelaninisolatedfromantarcticyeastsonpreservationofpiglivestockafterablactation |
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2025-11-26T19:09:23Z |
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EFFECT OF MELANIN ISOLATED FROM ANTARCTIC YEASTS ON PRESERVATION
OF PIG LIVESTOCK AFTER ABLACTATION
N. Chyizhanska, T. Beregova
Department of Pharmaco-physiology, Biological Faculty of Kiev National Taras Shevchenko
University, 2 Glushkov avenue,12, Kiev, Ukraine. E-mail: chyizhanska@mail.ru
Abstract. Particularly high mortality rate among pigs observed after weaning. The main reason for this
phenomenon is the stressful situation. One of the most promising way to prevent the consequences of stress at
weaning and aimed to increase the overall resistance of the organism of piglets is the use of biologically active
substances in diets. Our data and data of others on the anti-stress effect of melanin were basis for experiments on
the use of melanin in the agricultural facilities that specialized in growing pigs. We found that the addition of
melanin to piglets' diet during weaning completely abrogated their illness and mortality.
Key words: melanin, stress
1. Introduction
Stress - one of the most important problem of modern animal husbandry. This problem
becomes even more pronounce since the increasing of livestock production. Specialization and
concentration of animal husbandry, limitations in pasture that accompany scientific and technological
revolution in agriculture, have led not only to increase the number of stress factors, but also to the fact
that many parts of the cultivation and maintenance of animals come into conflict with the
physiological characteristics. In modern industrial facility the animal is influenced by stress factors
that are stronger than before. Animals are not only under stress of the artificial environment, but also
"social". Industrialization that led to the loss of natural environment, use of intensive technologies,
which have caused pollution of the environment and absorbance of foreign compounds by body;
enhance of social relationships with large concentrations of animals; changing the nature of
insemination; mechanization of production processes excluded the possibility of natural needs for
physical activity, daily maintenance of physical strength. Development of feed-reprocessing industry
has brought changes in the nature of digestion. Listed factors alter the functions of organism, leading
to functional depletion, development of stress condition which results in various functional disorders,
reducing resistance of the organism and the increasing of morbidity and mortality.
Particularly high mortality rate among piglets observed at weaning, therefore the problem
remains one of the most important in modern pig production. Mostly it is due to some biological
features of pigs, amount of milk and larger-fetus in sows, conditions of housing and the genetic
potential of animals. Concentration of adaptive hormones, the intensity of metabolism and oxidation
of free radicals play crucial role in regulating the process of adaptation in animals [Snitynskyy, 1999].
In literature there are sporadic data that indicate the relationship between the content of certain
hormones in the blood and the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) [Snitynskyy, 1999]. Moreover, the
intensity of LPO and activity of antioxidant system affect the level of general organism resistance
[Savitskiy, 2001].
The weaning is accompanied by a complex of stress factors: lack of sow and breast milk,
hunger, change of diet and feeding techniques, etc. The weaning is a high stress, which adversely
affects the metabolism and physiological functions in piglet's body [Snitynskyy, 1999]. An important
382
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ÆÓÐÍÀË
ÓÀÆ ¹ 8, 382-385 (2009)
UDK 612.015.4:612.39 (1-923.3)
383
biochemical mechanism that leads to lower resistance and stress initiation in piglets is long-term
activation of free radical oxidation and, especially, lipid peroxidation.
Weaning increases the morbidity and causes the death of piglets in this period, which may even
reach 24,8% [Polishchuk, 2004, Drobysheva, 2003]. Thus, all of above determed scientific and
practical interest to the problem of reducing the loss of piglets during weaning. It was proved that one
of the main reason for this is a stressful condition of piglets, which is primarily due to weaning and
changing of diet and facility.
Changing the diet leads to so-called fodder stress [Polishchuk, 2004]. Experienced breeders
are well aware that changing the diet of piglets is accompanied by very long (sometimes up to 5-7
days) period of adaptation of animals to consume the new food. Changing the diet dramatically
reduces feeding. The adaptive mechanisms initiate the process of energy degradation and stress
resistance. Organization of rational feeding of young pigs should be based on full and rapid feeding
animals, elevated digestion and maximum efficiency of food nutrients. Unfortunately, even now in
most of the domestic pig farms these patterns are not payed attention. Therefore economic efficiency
of pork production and profitability remain low. Recent years the zootechnical and physiological
validation of feeding programs for suckers and weaned piglets got great emphasis.
One of the most promising way to prevent negative consequences of stress at weaning and to
improve organism resistance is the use of biologically active substances in diets for feeding young
pigs [Berezhnyuk, 2000].
The most common and cost effective is the feeding of pigs with mixed fodder which contains
barley, wheat, corn (energy part), pea seeds and soybean (protein nutrients). Given the fact that during
weaning piglets need more full-protein fodder, the authors recommend that when available, except
peas, to add higly-efficiently extruded soybeans (15%) [Polishchuk, 2004]. Because of this,
maximum nutritional value of fodder can be achieved. But, during prolonged feeding with full-fat
soybeans (extruded) in such quantity and more, mix, which contains biologically active agent sodium
selenite has to be added in piglet's diet. Sodium selenite is an antioxidant which prevents the
accumulation of peroxide compounds in the body [Polishchuk, 2004].
In addition to fodder stress, forming groups of animals from different sows is also stress factor.
This leads to the breakdown of adaptive mechanisms, which resuls in lower organism resistance,
increasing morbidity and mortality. Therefore, search for new approaches to enhance adaptation and
resistance of weaned piglets is very important for modern animal husbandry.
Our data and data of others on the anti-stress effect of melanin were basis for experiments on
the use of melanin in the agricultural facilities that specialize in growing pigs.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of melanin on the preservation of pig
livestock after weaning.
2. Methods
Investigation was carried on 298 two-months old pigs red-standard specialized lines. 158 pigs
were housed in PP "Agroecology”, Shyshatsk region, Poltava province (Agroecology group) and 140
pigs - in ÒzÎV "Storozhove", Chutiv region, Poltava province, Ukraine (Storozhove group). Control
groups consist of 100 pigs (7-15 kg) from Agroecology and 100 pigs (10-11 kg) from Storozhove.
Research groups consist of 58 pig (7-15 kg) from Agroecology and 40 pigs (10-11 kg) from
Storozhove. Piglets were weaned around 2 months old. Melanin (0,1 mg/kg, per.os) was given daily 3
days before and 5 days after weaning to research groups. Morbidity and mortality of piglets were
recorded daily for 60 following days.
Quantitative results are expressed as mean + SD. The statistical significance was determined
by Student's t test where appropriate and p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
N. Chyizhanska: EFFECT OF MELANIN ISOLATED FROM ANTARCTIC YEASTS ON PRESERVATION OF...
3. Results and discussion
Percentage of morbidity in Agroecology and Storozhove control groups was 3% and 14%,
respectively (Table 1). Thus, preservation was 97% and 86% (average for 2 groups is 91,5+5,5%),
respectively. These data supported by Tomin [Tomin, 2007] (preservation at weaning consisted of
86,4 ± 3,70 to 91,5 ± 5,10%) and Drobyshev et al. ( 75.2%) [Drobyshev 2003].
Melanin abrogated mortality in both research groups which proves the increasing of piglets'
organism resistance.
rdAt 3 day in some pigs, which were given melanin, we registered increased frequency of bowel
evacuation which disappeared in 5 days without any treatment. We proposed that this side-effect of
melanin might be explained by its prokinetic feature described by Savitski et.al. [Savitskiy, 2001]. He
showed dose-and administration-dependent effect of melanin (produced by Nadsoniella nigra var.
Hesuelica) on periodic and food gastrointestinal motility and evacuation of carbohydrate-reach food
from the stomach in dogs. Melanin in dose of 5 mg/kg, intra-instestinal didn't affect intestinal motility,
but significantly increased it after intravenous administration. Melanin in dose of 20 mg/kg,
st ndintravenously had 2-phases effect on food motility: 1 phase – short-term inhibition; 2 phase -
significantly increased and prolonged motility of the stomach and intestine. Intraintestinal
administration of melanint in dose of 20 mg/kg also enhanced motility of the stomach and intestine.
Melanin in dose of 5 mg/kg increased evacuation of carbohydrate-reach food from the stomach, but
was not effective at 20 mg/kg. Both 5 and 20 mg / kg doses of melanin enhanced speed of propulsion in
small intestine.Others showed that melanin does not affect the speed of gastric fluid evacuation from
the gastric in rats [Lin, 1988].
Sensitivity to melanin is probably species-dependent. We used significantly lower dose of
melanin (0.1 mg/kg) in comparison to 5 and 20 mg/kg of Savitski's group [Savitskiy, 2001]. But, we
have to take into account that we used melanin produced by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1 which
can be more physiologically active melanin. In our prevous study we showed that melanin produced
by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1 was more effective in prevention of stress-induced gastric
lesions than melanin produced by black yeast Nadsoniella nigra var. Hesuelica.
Thus, our data suggest that the melanin produced by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1, is a
strong adaptogen and can be widely used in agriculture. The conclusion that this is a good adaptogen,
consistent with the literature data that the other melanins possess adaptogen feature too. Thus,
biological active compounds of birch fungus, with active compound of fitomelanin use as active
biogenic stimulators, that increase organism resistance, stimulate the central nervous and
neurohumoral systems, improve metabolism, restore the activity of a delayed enzyme systems
[Gorchakov, 1999 ].
Table
Influence of melanin produced by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1,
on preservation of pig livestock after weaning
384
n – number of animals/group.
N. Chyizhanska: EFFECT OF MELANIN ISOLATED FROM ANTARCTIC YEASTS ON PRESERVATION OF...
Thus, our data confirmed the anti-stress effect of melanin, and justified the use of melanin in
young growing pigs as stress-corrector during weaning
Conclusions
Administration of melanin produced by yeast Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1 in piglets during
their weaning abrogated morbidity and mortality on 100%, that confirmed the increasing resistance
of the organism of animals.
References
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