Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime

The Aharonov–Bohm (AB) oscillations of the free energy, critical temperature Tc, magnetization M, and magnetic susceptibility χ as functions of the magnetic flux Φ through the hollow in a stack of mesoscopic superconducting cylinders are studied both analytically and numerically. The shape of these...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Физика низких температур
Date:2000
Main Author: Gvozdikov, V.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України 2000
Subjects:
Online Access:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/129095
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Journal Title:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Cite this:Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime / V.M. Gvozdikov // Физика низких температур. — 2000. — Т. 26, № 7. — С. 648-657. — Бібліогр.: 36 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-129095
record_format dspace
spelling Gvozdikov, V.M.
2018-01-16T12:49:39Z
2018-01-16T12:49:39Z
2000
Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime / V.M. Gvozdikov // Физика низких температур. — 2000. — Т. 26, № 7. — С. 648-657. — Бібліогр.: 36 назв. — англ.
0132-6414
PACS: 74.62.-c, 73.20.Dx
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/129095
The Aharonov–Bohm (AB) oscillations of the free energy, critical temperature Tc, magnetization M, and magnetic susceptibility χ as functions of the magnetic flux Φ through the hollow in a stack of mesoscopic superconducting cylinders are studied both analytically and numerically. The shape of these oscillations at low temperature T and small level broadening ν is generally nonsinusoidal and has singularities that depend on the superconducting order parameter Δ and stacking sequence. The period of the oscillations is equal to the normal flux quantum Φ₀. The harmonic amplitudes of the AB oscillations decrease exponentially if the diameter 2R of the cylinders becomes greater than the coherence length. Further increase of R results in a complete suppression of the AB oscillations and the development of parabolic Little–Parks (LP) oscillations of Tc(Φ) with half the period, Φs=Φ₀/2. Therefore a crossover from the AB to LP oscillations takes place as the diameter 2R is increased. It is shown that the temperature behavior of the magnetic susceptibility below the superconducting transition is χ ∝ exp(−T/T*), where T*=ℏv₀/2π²R (v₀ is the Fermi velocity, and ℏ is Planck’s constant). Such dependence of χ(T) has been observed recently in Ag wires coated with thin Nb layers in a weak external field [R. Frassanito et al., Czech. J. Phys. 46, 2317 (1996)].
en
Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
Физика низких температур
Свеpхпpоводимость, в том числе высокотемпеpатуpная
Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
Article
published earlier
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
title Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
spellingShingle Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
Gvozdikov, V.M.
Свеpхпpоводимость, в том числе высокотемпеpатуpная
title_short Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
title_full Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
title_fullStr Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
title_full_unstemmed Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime
title_sort quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the aharonov–bohm to the little–parks regime
author Gvozdikov, V.M.
author_facet Gvozdikov, V.M.
topic Свеpхпpоводимость, в том числе высокотемпеpатуpная
topic_facet Свеpхпpоводимость, в том числе высокотемпеpатуpная
publishDate 2000
language English
container_title Физика низких температур
publisher Фізико-технічний інститут низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України
format Article
description The Aharonov–Bohm (AB) oscillations of the free energy, critical temperature Tc, magnetization M, and magnetic susceptibility χ as functions of the magnetic flux Φ through the hollow in a stack of mesoscopic superconducting cylinders are studied both analytically and numerically. The shape of these oscillations at low temperature T and small level broadening ν is generally nonsinusoidal and has singularities that depend on the superconducting order parameter Δ and stacking sequence. The period of the oscillations is equal to the normal flux quantum Φ₀. The harmonic amplitudes of the AB oscillations decrease exponentially if the diameter 2R of the cylinders becomes greater than the coherence length. Further increase of R results in a complete suppression of the AB oscillations and the development of parabolic Little–Parks (LP) oscillations of Tc(Φ) with half the period, Φs=Φ₀/2. Therefore a crossover from the AB to LP oscillations takes place as the diameter 2R is increased. It is shown that the temperature behavior of the magnetic susceptibility below the superconducting transition is χ ∝ exp(−T/T*), where T*=ℏv₀/2π²R (v₀ is the Fermi velocity, and ℏ is Planck’s constant). Such dependence of χ(T) has been observed recently in Ag wires coated with thin Nb layers in a weak external field [R. Frassanito et al., Czech. J. Phys. 46, 2317 (1996)].
issn 0132-6414
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/129095
citation_txt Quantum oscillations in a stack of superconducting cylinders in a magnetic field: crossover from the Aharonov–Bohm to the Little–Parks regime / V.M. Gvozdikov // Физика низких температур. — 2000. — Т. 26, № 7. — С. 648-657. — Бібліогр.: 36 назв. — англ.
work_keys_str_mv AT gvozdikovvm quantumoscillationsinastackofsuperconductingcylindersinamagneticfieldcrossoverfromtheaharonovbohmtothelittleparksregime
first_indexed 2025-11-24T02:29:49Z
last_indexed 2025-11-24T02:29:49Z
_version_ 1850838205750837248
fulltext ��� ������� �� �������� ����������������������� "!"!�!#��$"%� "&#�' )(+*,�-�.%�&�/"0�1"&�2�* 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 4 : ; < = > ? @ = A 5 B C 8D D > @ 8 5 ? B 8 ? > B @ > C 9 5 E B = F G H C 5 ? 7 = C @ 8 ? I C J D 8 ? 7 G H B 8 ? > A > I ? G @ 8C E 8G D7 C H 5 B B 5 4 G H E H 5 A @ K G L K > H 5 ? 5 4 M 5 K A @ 5 @ K G N 8@ @ D G O > H 9 B H G I 8A G 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 4 : ; < = > ? @ = A 5 B C 8D D > @ 8 5 ? B 8 ? > B @ > C 9 5 E B = F G H C 5 ? 7 = C @ 8 ? I C J D 8 ? 7 G H B 8 ? > A > I ? G @ 8C E 8G D7 C H 5 B B 5 4 G H E H 5 A @ K G L K > H 5 ? 5 4 M 5 K A @ 5 @ K G N 8@ @ D G O > H 9 B H G I 8A G PRQTSVUXW�Q�Y Z\[^]`_bacadS`W�_eZfUg[h_cUhSi[jW�S�]`klZ`mf[�Q�ngoVp-]^ZVUrqsQr]jW�_bU`t ]Tu av_cUgqwowp-[h_vUhSxYySwtzU`ogW�_�]{m�_cowaeq}|^]~p-Z\[+[^Z��`owp\m�p�ZVY W���o � �gSVp-ZfU`Zg�T���sZf��Y W-Z�W��`o�� _eW�W'a�o+����S�p'k�[�p�o�tz_vYho � �.�}���g���#�"��������� ���d�� ¢¡c£¥¤"��¦-£'§v¨�©«ªv¬�­¯®�°d­�±³²#ª´ ¢¡�µ´§�¶,·�£� ¸£��º¹»¦�®�¶��b¡¥­¯®¼£�¬�±�½¿¾¯À�ÁÂÁc±�·'¶Ã§ÂÄv§ÃÅ�¬Æ·�ǸÈÊɱʲ#ª´ ¢¡�µ´§�¶�±�¹�µÂ¡¼ ¢®¥¦Ã�Ë�Ì�Í.Î�Ï�ÐeÑ�Ò�ÐÓÎbÔ¸Ï ÍÕÏ Ö�× Ø^×ÓÙ"ÚÂÛÃÜ�Ô¸Ï Ý¢ÛÃÚÃÞÆß�à¢ÏÓÚÂácÖb× Ý�â�ÎbÖeÝ�ÛÃÚ�× ß�Î ã�ácäcáÃÏ ÚÂácÔÆåÊácæ¢Öeß�ÎbÖ¼çjè�é¿ê¢ëÃëÂë�é¸ÖeácÚ¢ÏÓìeácÔÆØ�ÎbÖ¼äbâjèdí�é¸êÂëÂëÃë î�â¸á.ï"â�ÎÂÖ�Û�à¸ÛÂÚ¢ð�ñ�ÛÂâ¸Í�ò¯ï"ñ�ó�ÛÂìdä�Ï�ÐeÐ�ÎÃô¯ÏÓÛÂà¸ì"Û¢õ�ô�â�áÕõ¥Öcábá.ábà¸ávÖ�ö�ç�é¸äbÖcÏ�ô�Ï�äbÎÂÐ�ôdábÍÕ÷¸ávÖ�ÎÂô¼ß¸Ö�áÕøÊù"é¸ÍÕÎÃö¢à¸ávô¯ÏÓÜcÎÂô�Ï�ÛÂà,úfé ÎÃà¸Ô Í#Î�ö�à¸ábôcÏ�ä+ìdߢìdäÃáb÷¸ô�Ï�æ¸ÏûÐ¥ÏÓôeç χ ÎÃìjõ¥ß¢à¸ävô¯ÏÓÛ¢à�ì�Û¢õ,ôdâ¸ájÍÕÎÃö¢à¸ávô¯ÏÓärõ¼Ð�߸ü Φ ôdâ¸Ö�ÛÂ߸ö�â�ôeâ¸á+â¢Û¸Ð¥Ð�Û�ýþÏ�à�Î^ìdôdÎ�äÃÝ�Û¢õ ÍÕábìdÛÂìdäbÛ�÷-Ï�äÕìd߸÷¸ábÖdäÃÛÂà¸Ô�߸äbôcÏ�à¸öÆävç-мÏ�à¸Ô�á�Ödì�Î�Ö�á,ì�ô¼ß¸Ô�Ï�ábÔTæ¢Û�ôeâjÎÃà¸ÎÂÐÓç-ôcÏ�ävδмÐ�ç�ÎÃà¸Ôÿà¸ß¸Í#ábÖcÏ�ävÎÂÐûÐûç'×�î�â¸á�ìdâ¢Î�÷¢á,Û¢õ"ôdâ�á�ìdá ÛÂìdä�Ï�мÐ�ÎÃôcÏ�ÛÂà¸ì+ÎÃô^Ð�Û¢ý ô�ávÍÕ÷¸ábÖdÎÂôe߸Ödá ø ÎÂà�ÔfìdÍÕÎÂÐûÐ�Ð�ábÚ�áÂÐ)æ¸ÖdÛ¢ÎÃÔ¸ávà�Ï�à¸ö ν Ï�ìTö¢ávà¸ábÖcÎÂÐ¥Ð�çwà¸ÛÂà¸ì¯ÏÓà¸ß¸ì�Û�Ï�Ô¸ÎÂкÎ�à¸Ôwâ¸ÎÃì ì¯ÏÓà¸öÂß�Ð�ÎÂÖcÏ�ôcÏ�ábì,ôeâ¸ÎÃôÕÔ¸áv÷¸ábà¸Ô+ÛÂà^ôdâ¸á)ìd߸÷¸ábÖdä�Û�à¸Ô¢ß¸ävô¯ÏÓà¸öjÛÂÖcÔ�á�Ö#÷¸Î�ÖdÎÃÍÕáÃôeáÃÖ ∆ Î�à¸Ô+ìdô�ÎÃäbÝ�ÏÓà¸öjìdá � ß�á�à�äÃá¢×�î'â¸á)÷¸ávÖbÏ�ÛÂÔÛ¢õ�ôeâ¸á`ÛÂìdä´Ï�Ð¥Ð�Î�ô�Ï�ÛÂà¸ì^Ï�ìjá � ߸ÎÂкôdÛ\ô�â¸á`à¢Û�ÖdÍÕÎÂÐÿõ¼Ð�߸ü � ߸ÎÃà¸ô�ß¸Í Φ � ×,î�â¸ágâ�ÎÂÖdÍÕÛÂà�ÏÓägÎÃÍÕ÷�Ð¥Ï�ôd߸ԸábìjÛ¸õºô�â¸áXï�ñÛÂìdä�Ï�мÐ�ÎÃôcÏ�ÛÂà¸ì�Ô¸áväbÖdá�ÎÃìdázávü¸÷¸ÛÂà¸ábà¸ôdÏ�ÎÂÐ¥ÐÓç�Ï�õXô¼â¸ázÔ�ÏÓÎ�Í#ábôdábÖ���� Û¢õ+ôdâ¸áwäcç�ÐûÏÓà¸Ô¸ábÖdì�æ¢áÃäbÛ�ÍÕábì�ö�Ö�ávÎ�ôdábÖ�ôdâ¸ÎÃàsôdâ¸á äbÛÂâ¸ávÖ�áÃà�äÃá�Ð¥ávà¸öÂôdâ�×�å�߸Ö�ôdâ¸ábÖÕÏ�à�ä�ÖdábÎÃìdá)Û¢õ � ÖdáÃì�߸Хôeì,Ï�àjÎ)äÃÛÂÍÕ÷�Ð�ávô�á,Ô¸áb÷¸ÖdáÃì�ìcÏ�ÛÂàTÛ¢õ�ôeâ¸á)ï«ñ~Û¢ìdä�Ï�ÐûÐ Î�ôcÏ�Û�à¸ì�ÎÃà¸Ôjôdâ¸á Ô¢áÃÚ�á�Ð�ÛÂ÷¸ÍÕávà¸ôÕÛ¸õ�ôdâ¸á)÷¸ÎÃÖ�Î�æ¢Û¸Ð¥Ï�ä���Ï�ôeôcÐ�á�ð �ÎÃÖcÝ¢ìºò��� �ó�Û�ì�äÃÏ�ХХÎÃôcÏ�ÛÂà¸ìÕÛ�õÕø ù (Φ) é�ýÕÏ�ôeâ+â¸Î´Ð¼õ�ôdâ�áÆ÷¸ábÖcÏ�Û�Ô�é Φ = Φ ��� êÊ×î�â¸ábÖdá´õ ÛÂÖ�áºÎÆävÖcÛÂì�ìdÛÂÚ�ábÖ)õ¥ÖdÛÂÍ�ôeâ¸áºï«ñ�ô�Û��� `Û�ì�äÃÏ�ХХÎÃôcÏ�ÛÂà¸ìÕôdÎÃݸábìÕ÷�Ð�ÎÃäbáºÎÃìÕô�â�áÆÔ¸Ï�ÎÃÍÕábôdábÖ ��� Ï�ì�ÏÓà¸äbÖdábÎÂìdábÔ�×��eô�ÏÓì ì�â�Û�ý�à)ôdâ¸ÎÃô�ôdâ¸á.ô�ávÍÕ÷¸ábÖdÎÃô�߸Ödá.æ¸ábâ¸ÎÃÚ¸Ï�Û�Ö"Û¢õ�ô¼â¸á�Í#Î�ö�à¸ábôcÏ�ä.ìdߢìdäÃáb÷¸ô�Ï�æ¸Ï¥ÐûÏÓôeç)æ¸á�Ð�Û�ý�ô�â¸á�ì�߸÷¸ávÖ�äÃÛÂà¸Ô�߸äbôcÏ�à¸ö)ôeÖcÎÃà¸ìcÏ�ôcÏ�ÛÂà Ï�ì χ ∝ á�ü¸÷ (− ø � ø ∗) é¸ý.â¸ávÖcá�ø ∗ = ª− ¶ � � ê π � � ×���߸äbâÆÔ�áÃ÷¢áÃà�Ô¸ábà¸ävá�Û¸õ χ( ø ) â¸ÎÃì"æ¸ávábàÆÛ�æ¸ì�ávÖ�Ú�ábÔºÖ�ávä�ávà¸ô�Ð�çÆÏ�àºï"ö�ýÕÏ�Öcávì äbÛÂÎÃôdábÔ`ý ÏÓô�âXôdâ¸Ï�à��"ægÐ�ÎÃç¢áÃÖdì�Ï�àXÎjý.ábÎÃÝXáÃü�ô�ávÖcà¢Î¢Ð.õeÏ�áÃÐ�Ô��bè����)òb¶ � Ï�ì)ôeâ¸ájåÊáÃÖ�Í,Ï"Ú�á´Ð�ÛÂäÃÏ�ô¥ç³é»Î�à¸Ôgª− ÏÓì� �Ð¥ÎÃà¸äbÝ� ìäbÛÂà¸ìdôdÎ�à¸ô�ó´× �ï"!#��Ñ�$&%�' (*)�',+.-¸é /10�× ê-ë¸×32#ü 4�5�687:9 5<;>=:?A@CB D D 6,9 B =:7:?�B 7�6 ?E9 6F@HG#=FIJ?K5�L:MFNO@C=F7<P<5:@89 B 7�QR@�S:D B 7<P<MFN ?�B 7T6 ;�6FQ:7<MF9 B @ I B M8D P U�VXW�Y�Z�[J\ ]T^�_�ZJ`,\ Y acb*deb�f�gJhHijd*k�f�l&mAn�b�o<p�qrhAbsp*g<g<b�f g&mHk�fut�pvl"q�beb�fun�b*w k g<b�n g<kxl�g<y�n�mHb�lsk{zs| yTp�f�g<y�}~k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTl�mAf�w�p�o<mHk�yRlsp�o�g�m,z:mH� d�m,p�hFhHi�z:p*qTo&mHd�p*g�b�n�f�p�f�k{l�g�o�yTd*g<yTo�b�l�l�y�q �<b*deg�g<k�l<}�p�h8h be��g<b�o<f�p�h�}�p1�Tf�b*g�mHd�z:mEbvh,nTl��x�:f���p�o�g�mEd*y.h,p�o*��nTmHz:zFb�o�b�f g g<iT� b�l�k�z�l:y#� b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f{��n b*wTmEdeb�l�t�p�w{b�q�b*b�f�b*�T� �#hHk{o�b�n��jt�mEd�t�b*�#t�mHqTmHg�b�n�k l�d�mChFh�p�g�mEk�f�l�k�zug&t b�d�o&mEg�m�d�p�h g<b�}j� b�o&p*g<yTo�b�� ° yT��k{f~}�k f�k�g<k�f�mHd�w�p�o&m,p*g&mHk{f�k�z�g�t b be��g<b�o<f�p�h�}�p��Tf beg&mHd�z:mHb�h�n����j� y�d�t�k l<d�mCh8h,p�g&mEk�f�l�tTp*w b qTb*b�f�kvq#l:b�o�w{b�n mCf p¡z:o�p*deg&p h¢f�b*g<�sk�o<£�l�¤1¥ �O¦�§*�¨mCf © k{l�b���t�l:k�f �<yTf�d*g�mHk f p�o�o&p*i�l ¤Fª#§1�«p�fTn wTp�o<mHk yTl }�b�l�k{l�dek ��mHd�hHk{k ��ls¤F¬�­#®T§1��¯shFhRg&t b�l<bsb*�T� b�o&m,}sb�f�g&l°l&t k � nTmHw b�o&l:b±p�f�n�q�p�l�m�d�p�hFhAi�f�k{f�l<m,f y#l:k�mHn�p�h°k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f²��p*g�� g<b�o�f�l�zFk{o>g�t�bug�o�p�fTl�mHg�m�k{f�g<b�}���b�o�p*g<y#o:b³� ° ( � ) �jm�g�t´g�t b l<y�� b�o�d*k{f�n y�deg&mAf��µz�hHy���|�yTp�f�g�yT} Φ­ = ¶−·¹¸�ºv» p�l¼p�zFyTf��nTp�}�b�f�g�p h"� b�o&mHk n"�½�8g¼��p�l¾b�l:g�p*q½h,mAl&t b�n�g&tTp*g¼l�y�d�t�k{l�d�mCh�� h�p�g�mEk�f�l�d*k y#h,n�q�b�l:y#z:z:mEd�m�b�f�gJhHi¿��bvhFhjyTf�n b�o&l:g<k k nÀp�f�n n�b�l:d�o&mHq�b�nÀ��mKg&tTmCfÀg&t b�Á�mCf ÂJq�yTo��T­½ÃXp�f�n�p*y~ÄeÁ�ÃcÅ�p���� �To�k�p*d�t½��ÆXt�b�Á�ÃÀb�|�yTp*g�mHk f"�¼��t b�fÇh,m,f b�pvo�mHÂJb�n¿mCf�g�t b k�o�n�b�o���p�o&p�}�b*g<b�o Ψ �µm,l�zFk{o&}�p�h8hHiÈmCn b�f�g�m�d�p�h�g<k~g�t b � d�t�o�k.. nTm,f{��b�oÉb�| yTp*g�m�k�fÊzFk{oÉp�n�kvy�q½hAi�d�tTp�o���b�nµÄemHfuy#f�mHg�l k�z�g&t�b�bvhHbed*g�o�k f�d�t�p�oF��b » ÅË��p�o<g&mHd�hAb¿mCfÌp�}�p*�Tf b*g�m�dz:mHb�h�nX�XÆXt�yTl��.g�t�b³n k y�q#hHbud�t�p�oF��buk�zÉg�t�b�Íck k{��b�os��p�m,o&l�� ¦ » �°m,l�g�t�bµ��t iTl<m�d�p�h¾o<b�p�l�k{f²l:g�p�f�n�mAf���qTb�t�m,f�nÎg�t�b±z:p*d*gg�t�p*g±|�yTp�f�g�mEg<i Φ­ n�b*g<b�o<}�m,f b�lÊg�t b�� b�o<m�k�n¨k�z�k�l�d�mFhFh,p��g�m�k{f�l�m,fÇg�t b¿z�hHy�� Φ zFk�o�n�m,z:zFb�o�b�f g�f�k�f�l�mH}���hHiÀd*k�f�� f�bed*g<b�n�l<i�l�g<b�}�l>m,f�g�t�buÁ�Ã�o:b1�Tm,}�b��RÆ"t buÁ�ÃÎp�����o�k{p�d�t p�h,l<k���o:k w b�n�g<kÊq�bjl�y�d*deb�l&l<zFy#hcmHf�be���#h,p�f�p�g&mEk�fÊk�zÉn�m,z:zFb�� o�b�f�gÏ£�f�k��jf�g<i�� b�l>k�z>z�hAy���| y#p�f g&mHÂep*g�m�k{f�mHf�l:yT��b�o:d*k�f�� n�y�deg�k{o&l*Ð#g�t�b³Ã.mHg�gJhHb�­½ÑXp�o<£�l>k l<d�mCh8h,p�g&mEk�f�lj¤:Òr�KÓ�§*�Tk�l�d�mFhFh,p�� g�m�k{f�l±mCf�l:yT��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f{�¢z:o&p*deg&p�hjf�b*g<��k o&£�l�¤�Ô ­Õ¥ ¥v§1� p�f�n�m,f © k�l:b���t�l:k�fÊ�<yTf�d*g�mEk�f�p�o&o<p*iTl�¤J¥e¦R�8¥Jª#§1� Æ"t�bjÃ.mHg�gJhHb�­½Ñ"p�o�£�l>ÄeÃcÑÉŰk�l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk�f�lÕk�z"g�t bsd�o<mHg&mHd�p�h g<b�}�� b�o&p*g�yTo�b³� ° ( � ) t�p*w�b³pÊ��p�o&p*q�k�h�m�d�l&t�p�� b³p�f�n�g�p�£�b ��h,p�d*b�zFk�oÉl&p�}j�RhAb�lÉ�jt k�l:b�l&mHÂ&b�l¾p�o<bsk�z"g&t b�k{o&n b�oÉk{zÕg�t�b Á�ÃÀd*k�t b�o<b�f d*bÖhAb�f���g&t�k�o×�To:b�p�g�b�o���Øjl�d�mFh8h,p*g�m�k{f�l±p�l�p zFyTf�deg&mHk{f�k�z�z�hAy��¡m,f�g&t�b~Á�ÃÙo:b1�Tm,}�b���mO�Rf�k�o�bÌg�t�b | y#p�f g<y#}Ú��t�p�l:b�m,f�g<b�o<zFb�o<b�f d*b��Tt b�f�k{}�b�f�p�n y�b�g<k�g�t�b ¯¼t�p�o:k�f k w�­½Ûck�t�}ÜÄJ¯sÛ¼ÅÎb�z:zFb*degÖ¤1¥J¬R§1���jt�mEd�t�m,l�f k�o�� }�p�h8hHi���o�b�l�b�f�gjm,f�g&t�b�| y#p�l<m,��p�o:g&mHdvhHb³b�f�b�o���i�l���b*d*g�o:y�} k�z�f�k{f�l<m,}���hHiÝd*k�f�f�bed*g<b�n�}sb�l<k l�dek �TmEdÞl�yR��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d�� g<k�o�l���Æ"t b²¯sÛÝb�z:zFbed*g�tTp�l´f�yT}�b�o:k yTl�p����Rh�mHd�p*g�m�k�f�l�m,f n�mAz:zFb�o�b�f�g�}�b�l�k{l�dek ��mHd¿l�g&o:y�d*g<y#o:b�l�ÐÏd*k�f�n�y�deg&m,f��"��m,f�l<y�� ß à#áJâ¼á&ã�ä�å�æ�çvè é&å*ä�ê&ë*ì�ì�ì h�p�g�mHf �"�c}�p*�Tf b*g�mHd�� p�f�n�l<g&o:k�f��#hHixd*k{o&o:b�h,p�g<b�n½�Xp�o:b*wTmHb*� k�z��jt�mEd�tÖd�pvf²q�bxzFkvy#f�n�mCf�aÉb�z:l���¥��r��¥e®#�ɯÌ��b�f�b�o<p�h g�t�bek o<b*g�m�d�p�hcd*k�f�l&mAn�b�o<p�g&mEk�f�k z¾g&t�bu¯sÛ�b�z:zFb*deg�mHf�l:y#� b�o<� dek�f�n�y�d*g<k�o<l×�jp�l×��m�w{b�f�m,f¨g�t�b�p�o�g�mHd�hAbÖ¤1¥eÒT§1�¾��t�b�o:b�p f�yT}�q�b�o>k�zÉg&t�b*k{o�b�}�lstTp*w�bjq�b*b�fxzFk�o<}�y#h,p�g�b�n�d*k�f d*b�o&f�� m,f ��t�k�h8hHk �Ìl<y�� b�o�d*k{f�n y�d*g<k�o<l>m,f�pu}�p1�Tf�b*g�mEduz:mHbvh,n½� Æ"t b�b�z:zFb*deg�k�z�z�hAy��~| yTp�f�g�mHÂJp�g&mEk�fÇk�fÇg�t�b�b�f b�o���i l���bed*g�o�yT} k�z>b*�Td�mEg�p�g�mEk�f�ljmCf�p�g&t�m,f�t�k�hFhHk{��l�yR��b�o�dek�f�� n�y�d*g�mCf��Ýd*iTh,m,f�n�b�o�p�f�n�k{f�g�t b�d�o<mHg&mHd�p�h�g<b�}�� b�o�p�g�yTo:b � ° (Φ) �jp�lÕl<g�yTn�mKb�n³mCf�¤J¥eÓ�§1�T�Fgc�jp�lÉl<t�kv�jfÊmAf´¤1¥1Ó�§½g�t�p*g � ° (Φ) mCl�p�f´k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g�k�o�ixzFyTf d*g�m�k�fµk�zÉg&t�buz�hHy��xg&t�o�kvy��Tt g�t�b³t k�h8hHkv� Φ = � π � � �jmEg�t�g&t b³� b�o�mEk�n Φë = ¦ Φ ­ Ä��m,l�g&t�b�mHf�f b�o�o�p�nTm�yTl�k�zÊg�t�b�d*i#h,mHfTn b�o*Å��ÏÆ"t b�p*y�g&t�k o�l �To�k{w b�nÖg�t�bx��b�o�mHk{n�mHd�mEg<iÖk�z�g&t�b�d�o&mEg�mHd�p�h�g�b�}�� b�o<p�g<yTo�b�� � ° (Φ) = ��� (Φ + Φ� ) �rp�f�n�b�l�g&mA}�p*g<b�n�g&t�bjp�}���h,mHg<y�n�b�k zk�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f�l>p�l � ° ë − � ° � ° ≈    λ �    � ê b*�T� (− ¦ γ ��� ξ ë ) Ä ¥vÅ ÆXt�b³b*�T��h,mHd�mHgjl�tTp�� bÊk{z>k{l�d�mCh8h,p�g&mKk�f�lÏ�jp�l�f�kvgjzFk�yRf�n�mCf ¤*¥¹Ó�§1�RÆ"t bjf k g&p*g�mHk f±p�n k�� g<b�n�m,f��X|½�.Ä�¥vżm,l¾p�l¾zFk�hFhAk��jl�Ð ξ ë = ¶−� � ¸ π∆( � ) mHl´g�t b²dek t�b�o:b�f�d*b�hHb�f���g�t�� λ m,lµg�t bÛck�t�o¼o&p�n�mHyTl��Rp�f�n�h,f γ b�| yTp�h�l g�t b��.y#hHb�o¾d*k�f�l<g&p�f�g�� Æ"t bx��yTo���k l<b´k{z���o�b�l�b�f�g³��p���b�oum,l�g�kËl�g<y#n i�ÄJq�k g&t pvf�p�hHi�g�mEd�p hFhAi�p�f�n�f�yT}�b�o<mHd�p�h8hHi#Å�g�t�b³¯¾tTp�o�k{f�kvw�­½Ûck{t�} k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f�l�k{z>g&t�bÊd�o�mHg�mHd�p�h°g�b�}���b�o<p*g�yRo�b±� ° (Φ) �c}jp1�T� f�b*g�mHÂJp�g�mEk�f�� (Φ) ��p�f�n�l�yTl�deb�� g�m�qTmFh,mHg<i χ mHf�l�yR��b�o�dek�f�� n�y�d*g<k�o�l�m,f�}�k o<b�n b*g�p�mCh±p�f�nÇg<kÀl�t�k�� g�t�b�m,oxzFk�o�}jp�h o<b�h,p*g�mHk f�g<k�g�t�bµn�b��jpvp�l�­#w�p�f�¯sh,��t b�f�k l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk fTl�mCf l<y�� b�o�d*k{f�n y�deg�k{o&l��¡p�w�b�o�i±p�deg&mKw�bjp�o�b�p�k{zÉo�b�l�b�p�o�d�t±p*g g�t�bj}�k }�b�f�gsÄel:b*b��RzFk�o be�Tp�}���hHb��"acb�z:l��#¦��R�r¦�Ór�R¦ Ô³p�f�n f�yT}�b�o:k yTl³o�b�zFb�o�b�f�deb�lug&t b�o�b�mHf.Å��°Æ½kËn k²g�t�mCl��É��b´dek�f�� l�mCn b�o¾mCf³��t�p*g¼zFk�hFhAk �jlÕg�t�bs¯sÛ�k{l�d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lck�z"g&t�b�z:o�beb b�f�b�o��Ti�mAf�p�l:g�p*d�£~k�z²��b�pv£RhAi~dek fTf�bed*g<b�n~yTf�m,p*�Tm,p�h t�k�h8hHk � l:y#� b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f{��dei�h,m,f�n�b�o�l����jt�mHd�t~d�pvf~q�b dek�f�l&m,n b�o�b�nX�´zFk o¿mCf�l�g�p�f d*b��xp�l�p�}�k n�b�h�l�i�l:g�b�} zFk�o l<y�� b�o�d*k{f�n y�deg&mAf��±f�p�f�kvg�yTq�b�l>¤8ª � §1����b>�jmFhFhRl&t k ��g�t�p*gg�t�b³� ° p�f�n�g&t�b³}�p1�Tf�b*g�mEd�l:yTl�d*b�� g&mHqTmFh,mHg�i χ mCf�g&t�bu¯sÛ o<b1�Tm,}�bµp�o�b�k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&m,f �ËzFy�f�d*g�mHk fTl�k�zsg�t�b�z�hAy��¨n�yTb�g<k g�t�bË|�yTp�f�g&mEg�mHb�l�d*k�l ( ¦ π� Φ̧ Φ ë ) ���#k{o´b�p*d�tÀm,f�g<b1�Tb�o �g�t�bµp�}��rh�mEg<y#n b�l�k�zsg�t b�l�b�k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTlun�b�� b�f�n�k f²g�t b bvhHbed*g�o�k f�hHbew�bvh�qRo�k�p�n b�f�m,f�� ν = ¶−̧ τ �³g�t b�k o�n�b�oÖ��p�� o�p�}�b*g<b�o ∆ ��p�f�n g�t b¿l�k �,d�p hFhAb�n�l�g�p*d�£�m,f��Ýz:p*d*g<k{o � � �n�b�� b�fTn�mCf���k f � mHf�g&t buw�b�o:i�l<p�}�b³z:p�l�t�mHk{f�p�lszFk�o>g�t bn�b!�jpvp�l<­rw�p�fu¯sh,��t b�f�Ä#" � �%$ ÅÉk{l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTlÕm,f�h,p*i b�o�b�nl<y�� b�o�d*k{f�n y�deg�k{o&l�¤�¦&��§1�'�Çbj��mFh8h°l�t�k����XmHf���p�o�g�mEd*y.h,p�o*� g�t�p*g χ ∝ bv�#� (−( ¸ � ∗) ���jt�b�o�b�� ∗ = ¶− � � ¸ º π ê ����Æ"t�m,lo<b�l:y½hHgube�Tp*d*gJhHiÖdek m,f d�m,n�b�l��jm�g�t²g�t�b�be�#� b�o�mH}�b�f�g�p�h>kvqT� l<b�o:w�p*g�mHk f³k�z"g&t bsg<b�}j��b�o&p*g<y�o<bsq�b�t�p�w�m�k{oÉk{z g�t�bÏl�yRl�deb���� g�mHqTm�h�mHg�i�m,f�g&t bu¯Õ�*),+�q´�jm,o:buq�yTfTnRhAbuo�b�� k�o�g<b�nxmHfÎa°b�z1� ¥1Ôr��ÆXt�bÞl�g&p*d�£�mCf�� z:p*deg�k�o-� � m,l�pÞ|�yTp�f�g�mEg<i���t�mHd�t n�b�� b�fTn�l¨k{f~g�t�bÀnTmHl�g�o�mHq�y�g�mEk�fÌk�z�d*i�h�mCf�n�b�o<l�t b�mA��t�g�l p hHk{f��¿g�t�b�l�g�p*d�£�p�l���b�h8hjp�l�g�t b²g<i�� b�l�k�zub�hAb*d*g�o<m�d�p�h d*k�f�g�p*d*g�l>q�b*g<��b*b�fµg�t b�}��½��g¼f�k{f�g�o�mHwTmHp hFhHi±}�k�n�m,z:mHb�l¾g�t�b p�}���h�m�g<yTn�b�k�zÏg�t b � g�t�k�l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk�f�t�p�o&}sk�f�mHd�p�f�n�d�pvfq�bun b*g<b�o�}�mHf�b�n�q�i�g&t b�o�bvh,p�g&mEk�fΤ�¦&��§ � � = ∫ −∞ ∞ . (ε) /%021 (− 3 º π4 ε̧ ε ë ) " ε � Äe¦�Å �jt b�o�b . (ε) mHl�pÖk�f b��FnTmH}�b�f�l<mHk fTp�h³n�b�f�l�mEg�iÀk{z´l:g�p�g<b�l o�bvh,p*g<b�n�g<k�g�t�b¼b�hAb*deg&o�k{f³}�kvg&mHk{fÊp�hAk�f��ug�t�b�z:m�bvh,nÊÄep�hAk f � g�t�b³l�g�p*d�£½�Xm,f�k�yRo>d�pvl:b Åjp�f�n ε ë mHlsg�t�bug<i���mHd�p�h°b�f b�o���il�b���p�o�p*g&mHk{f�q�b*g<��b*b�f�g&t bxb�f�b�o��Ti�hAb*w�b�h�lÊm,f�g&t b���o�k{q�� hHb�}µ�5��b��jmChFh±l&t k �ÜmAf �jt�p*g�zFk�h8hHkv��l�g�t�p*g�m,f�g�t�b ¯sÛ o�b1�Tm,}�b�k�z�pÚl:g&p*d�£ k�z�}sb�l<k l�dek �TmEd�d*i�h�mCfTn b�o&l ε ë = ¶−��6 ë ¸ �7���X�jt�b�o�b 6 ë l:g&p�fTn�luzFk o�g&t�b��#b�o&}�m¾}�k �}�b�f g�yR}~p�f�n8� mHlsg�t bub�hHbed*g�o�k�f�}�p�l�l��c��f´d�p�l:buk z¾g�t�b n�b5�jp�p�l<­rw�p�fʯsh,��t�b�fÊk{l�d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l¾mHf�h,p�i b�o:b�nÊdek�f�n�y�d�� g<k�o�l�¤<¦ � �K¦r¥�§�p�f�n l:yT��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g<k o�l ¤�¦&��§ ε ë = ¶−Ω � �jt b�o�b Ω m,l¾g&t b�dei d�hAk�g�o�k{f�z:o�b�| y�b�f�d*i½� 9#V*:�;2<�<�Y2<�[>=@?BA�C2<�_�Z&[<^EDGFvY�]�ZH;I<�J:[�<K<�<�YL<�[M=E? ÍÉk�f�l�mHn�b�oÊp�l:g&p*d�£Ök z�yTf�m,p*�#m,p�h¼g&tTmHf�t�k�hFhHk{�Úd*i�h�m,f�� n�b�o�l�ÄJk�o�p²g<y�q�b Å�k{z�m,f�f�b�o�o<p�n�mHyTl � pvf�n�g&tTmEd�£Tf b�l&l"BNPO ���°��t�mHd�tÖm,lul�y�q��<bed*gug<kÖp�f�b*��g<b�o<f�p�h�}�p*�Tf b*g�m�d z:mHb�h�nÎ� p�hHk{f��Ëg&t�bxp*��m,luk z�g&t�b�l�g�p*d�£½��Æ"t b�d*i�h�mCfTn b�o&l }�p*i�q�b�y�f�m,zFk�o<}Úm,fÖl<m�ÂJb��ck�o�g�t�b�m,o�t�b�mE�Tt g&lu}jp*i²w�p�o<i � b�o&mHk{n�mEd�p�h8hHixp�hHk�f{�xg�t�bug<y�q�buk�o>q�b³o<p�f�n k�}uhHixn�mCl<g&o<mHq�� y�g�b�n�| y#p�f g�mHg&mHb�l*�L�Àbup�l�l�yT}�b�p�h�l�k±g&t�p�g>g�t b�g<y#f�f�bvh,mHf � qTp�o<o&mEb�o&l³zFk oub�hAb*d*g�o�k{f�t�k{����m,f{�¨q�beg���beb�fÖf�b�mE�Tt q�k{o&mHf � d*iTh,m,f�n b�o�l>p�o�bj�sb�pv£�b�f k y �Tt�g�t�p*g¼k f�b�d�p�f�f�b1�#hAb*d*g¼g�t�b l&��p*g�mCp�h�w�p�o<m,p*g&mHk{f�l�k zsg�t�bµl�yR��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f���k�o�n�b�oj��p�� o&p�}�b*g<b�o¾p�hHk{f��³g�t�bÏl�g&p*d�£µÄel<b*b�a°b�z1��ª#¥�pvf�n³g&t bjn�mCl:d*yRl�� l&mEk�f´m,f���bed��T¬�mHf�g�t�m,l¾d*k{f�f b*deg&mHk{f½Å�� Ûcb�zFk�o:b�d*k{f�l<m,n�b�o�m,f��¿g&t�b�l�yT��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f�����o�k{��b�o�� g�m�b�lÉk�zÕg�t bjl�i�l�g<b�}�m,f�| y�b�l�g�mEk�f½�.hHbeg¾y�l¼z:mHo&l:g¼n�beg�b�o�}jm,f�b mHg&l�b�f�b�oF��i�l&� b*deg&o�yT}�p�f�n�g&t�b���p�w b�zFyTf�deg&mKk�f�lumHf²g�t�b f�k{o&}�p h.l�g�p*g<b��TÆ"p�£TmHf��³g�t�b�f×g�t�bRQjp*�TmClÉk{z"g&t�bsd*iTh,m,f�n�o<mC� d�p�hcdek k{o&n�mCf�p�g�b�l (ρ � ϕ �@S ) g<k�q�bu��p�o<p hFhHbvh"g<k�g�t�bul<g&p*d�£X� p�f�n¿l�b���p�o&p*g�m,f���wTp�o<m,p*q½hHb�l�mHf�g&t�bÖ� d�t�o�k.. n�m,f���b�oÊb�|�y�p��g�m�k{fÊ�UT Ψε = εΨε �T��bjt�p*w�b Ψε( [ ) = V ( ¦ π) è � � b ®¥¦ ϕ WHX (ρ)Ψζ Y ( Q ) � ÄJªTÅ ¥ ρ " Z ρ    ρ " W�X " ρ    + ¶−ê¦[� ρ ê    \ − Φ(ρ) Φ ë    ê^] X (ρ) = ε ¦ X W�X (ρ) � ÄJ¬TÅ �UTI_ Ψζ Y ( Q ) = ζ ¤ Ψζ Y ( Q ) � Ä#��Å ��b�o�b ρ = � + ` m,l g�t�b o�p�nTmCp�h d*kvk�o<n�mHfTp*g�b ( � ≤ ` ≤ Z NPN � ) � p�f�n Φ(ρ) = � πρ ê m,l�g�t b z�hAy�� g�t�o:k y �Tt�p�d�mCo:d�hAb�k{z¾o&p�n�mHy�l ρ �.Æ"t b±� d�t�o�k.. n�mHf ��b�o¾b�|�y�p��g�m�k{f Ä#�TÅ�n�b�l�d�o<mHq�b�lÊg�t b�}�k{g&mEk�f¨k�zup�f�b�hAb*deg&o:k�fÖ�jm�g�t a W � .cb . W d è æ<è éMegf�è æ<éJè éHh�i%jlknm%jpoUerqts%o8ê�ëeì�ì*ìvê�ä�á<ëvu{êrf�å*w u%xpy b�f�b�o��Ti ζ ¤ ≡ ε − ε ¦ X p�hHk�f��¿g&t�b�}jp1�#f beg&mHd�z:mEbvh,n Äem�� b��,�p hHk{f���g&t�b^QÏp*�#m,lJÅ���ÆXp�£�mHf �±mHf�g<kup*ded*k yTf gÉg�t�p�g°m,fÊpsg�t�mCf dei#h,mHfTn�b�o ` ¸ � NPN ¥v�¾��b�z:mHf�n�z:o:k�} �c|½�¼ÄJ¬#ÅÊg�t b�p�����To�k{��m,}jp*g�bÌb�f b�o���i l&� b*d*g�o�yT} zFk o�b�hAb*deg&o:k�f�lÇmAf�g�t b dei#h,mHfTn�b�o�Ð ε ¦ X = ¶−ê¦[�    π ê � ê Z ê + ¥ � ê    \ − Φ Φ �    ê    � Äe®�Å Æ#t�b³pv����o�kT��o<mFp�g<b³o&p�nTm,p�h#��p�w�b³z�yTf d g�mCkTfÊ��tTmCd{t�l*pv� g�m,l&z:mEb�lÕg�t�b¼Â1b�o�k�q�kvy#f�n�p�o:iud*k�f�nTmEg�m�k�f�l°p*gÉg�t b�mHf�f b�oÉp�f�n k{y�g<b�o�l�yTo�z:p�d*b�l>k z¾g�t�budei�h,m,f�n�b�o�� W�� (� ) = W X ( � + Z ) = � �m,lÉ�TmHw�b�f�q�i W � (ρ) = √ ¦[� " l<m,f    π(ρ − � ) � "    � ÄeÒ�Å Æ"t b�| yRp�f�g<y#}�f�yT}�q�b�o&l�m,f �c|�l*�ÉÄe®�Åup�fTn²ÄeÒ�Å�g�p�£ b g�t�bxzFk�h8hHkv�jmCf���w�p�hHy�b�l�Ð \ = � � ± ¥ � ± ¦#�������<� � = � �c¥ �R¦���8�F�xÆ.k~d�p�hAd*y.h,p*g<b�g&t bÌ|�yTp�l&mH��p�o:g�m�dvhHb�b�f�b�o���i�k{z¨g�t b l<i�l�g<b�} y�f�n�b�o�l:g<y�n�i�m,f�g�t�bËl�yR��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f��Þl�g�p*g�b�� k�f�b�t�p�lÌg�k pvn�n�o:b�l&l�g�t�b¡Û"k���kTh,mEyTq�kvwT­#n�b¡Á¼b�f�f�b�l Ä�Û°n�Á�Å>b�| yTp�g&mEk�f�l�Ð ( �UT − � ) � ( [ ) + ∆( [ ) � ( [ ) = �� ( [ ) � −( � T ∗ − � ) � ( [ ) + ∆∗( [ ) � ( [ ) = ��� ( [ ) � ÄeÓ�Å �jt�b�o:b � mHl¾g�t�b��#b�o�}�m½b�f�b�o���i½�� m,f d*bsg�t�b¼g�t�mHd�£�f b�l&lck�z½deirh�mHf�n b�o&lÉm,lÉ}syTd�t�hHb�l<lÕg�t�p�f g�t�b³Û¾Ís�³d*k�t b�o�b�f d*b�hAb�f���g�t ξ �#g�t buk o&n b�os��p�o&p�}�beg�b�o ∆n�k�b�l�f�k{g�n�b�� b�fTn�k{f�g�t�b�dek k{o&n�mCfTp*g�b [ �¼ÆXp�£�mHf ��g�t�m,l m,f�g�k¿d*k{f�l<mCn b�o&p*g&mHk{fÇpvf�n be�#��p�f�n�m,f��Àg&t�b � − � zFyTf�d��g�mHk�f�l>m,f�g�t�bjqTp�l&m,l k{z,�X|X�XÄ&ª#Å�� � ([ ) = ∑ ε � εΨε( [ ) � � ([ ) = ∑ ε � εΨε( [ ) � ÄeÔ�Å ��bÞz:m,f�n~g�t�bÞ| yTp�l&m,��p�o<g&mEdvhHbÀb�f�b�oF��i�z:o�k{} g&t bÌÛ°nRÁ b�|�yTp*g�m�k{f�lsÄeÓ�Å�Ð � ¦ X = √(ε ¦ X − � )ê + ∆ ê � Ä ¥ � Å ÑXo�kvd*beb�nTmCf���g�t�b�f�mCf�pul:g&pvf�n�p�o<n�z:p�l<t�mEk�fX�R��b�p�o�o�mHw�bjp*g g�t�b±l<��bed*g�o&p�h�n�b�f�l<mHg�i�zFk�o�|�yTpvl�m,��p�o�g�mHd�hHb�ls��mHg&t�p�l<}�p�h8h nTp�}���m,f��Õ� ν = ¶−� τ �±pvlÖp�l:y#} k{z�g���k�Ã#k�o:b�f�g�ÂJm,p�fTl ¤<¦v¦�§1� ρ ¦ (ξ ¤ � ω) = ¥ π ��� � ν ν � + (ω + � ¦ (ξ ¤ )) � + + � ¦ê ν ν ê + (ω + � ¦ (ξ Y )) ê Ä ¥{¥�Å Æ.t�b±|�yTpvf g&m,g&m,b l � ¦ê p�fTn � ¦ê t�b�o:bxl�g&p�fTnÖzFk�oug&t b�d*k�t�b��o<b�f d*b�z:p*d*g<k�o�l�Ð � ¦ê (ξ ¤ ) = ¥ ¦      ¥ + ε� (ξ ¤ ) � � (ξ ¤ )      � � ¦ê (ξ ¤ ) = ¥ ¦      ¥ − ε� (ξ ¤ ) � � (ξ ¤ )      � Ä ¥e¦�Å ��b���y�g�zFk{o�l<mC}j��h,mHd�mEg<i � = V��¼l:k²g�t�p*g³g�t�b�| y#p�l<mC��pvo�� g�m�dvhHbÖb�f�b�o��TmHb�l�mCf�g�t�b�f�k o&}�p h³p�f�nÀl�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�d*g�mHf � l�g�p*g�b�l q�bed*k�}sb��ro�b�l&� b*deg&mHw bvhHi"� ε ¦ (ξ Y ) = ε( � )    \ − Φ Φ �    � + ξ ¤ − µ � Ä ¥JªTÅ p�f�n � ¦ (ξ ¤ ) = √ε ¦ (ξ ¤ ) ê + ∆ ê � Ä ¥J¬TÅ �jt b�o�b µ p�fTn ε( � ) p�o�bjn�beg�b�o�}jmCf b�nµq�i�g�t�bjo�bvh,p*g�mHk fTl µ = � � − ¶−� π �¦ � " � � ε( � ) = ¶−ê¦ � � � � Ä ¥#��Å Øjf�deb�g&t�bÌl&� b*deg&o�p�h�n�b�f�l�m�g<i�m,l�zFk�yRf�n ��g�t b~z:o:b*b b�f�b�oF��i�k z�p�l:yT��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g<k o�d�p�f²g�t�b�f²q�b�d�p�hAd*y#h,p�g<b�n �jmHg&t�g�t�b�t b�h,��k{zÉg&t b�zFk o&}�y#h,p�¤:¦�ªT§ � = ∫ " [��∆( [ ) � ê λ − − ¦�� ∑¦ é ¤ ∫ −∞ ∞ " ω ρ ¦ (ξ ¤ � ω) h,f    ¦��������    ω¦ �       � Ä ¥e®�Å �jt b�o�b λ mHl�g&t bÚÛ¾Í��Úd*k yT��h,m,f�� dek fTl�g�p�f g�� �jl&mHf � g�t�bÌm,f g�bJ�To&p�h�o<b���o�b�l:b�f�g&p*g�mHk f zFk o�g�t b~hHk���p�o&mHg&t�} m,f�c|½�.Ä ¥e®�Åu¤:¦�¬T§ h,f    d*k{l&t    ω¦ �       = ∫ −∞ ∞ " Q ¥ − dek�l ω Q Qjl�mCf�t π � Q Ä ¥eÒ�Å p�f�n�g�t bÊÑ.k m,l&l:k�f�l:y�}j}�p*g�mHk f�o�y#hHb ∑��! ∞ χ( \ ) = ∫ −∞ ∞ χ( \ ) " \ + ¦#" / ∑� = è ∞ ∫  ∞ χ( \ ) b%$ ê π ¦�� Z'& � Ä ¥eÓ�Å �jt b�o�b \ � − ¥ O)( N \ ë ����b�z:m,fTnÊg&t b�k{l�d�mCh8h,p�g�k{o�i³��pvo�gk�zcg&t�b�z:o<b*b�b�f�b�oF��i�m,f�g&t buzFk{o&} �+*�,.- = ¬ π � ε ë ∑/ = ∞ a � Ψ/ ( �¾� ∆ � ν) d*k�l    º π� Φ Φ �    Ä ¥eÔ�Å u10eì d è æ<è é�e f�è æ<éJè é>h i%jpk m%jpo e>qts%oFê<ëeì�ì*ì�êFä�á<ëvu ê>f�å w �Fg°m,lcm,}�� k�o:g&p�f�gÕg<kjf�kvg�b¼g�t�p*g°f�k{f�k{l�d�m,hFh,p�g<k o�i���p�o�gck z g�t�b¿z:o:b*b�b�f�b�oF�Ti½��n�beg�b�o&}�mAf�b�nÀq�iÀg�t�b¿z:mHo&l:g�m,f�g<b1�Ro<p�h g<b�o�} m,f �c|½�³Ä�¥eÓTÅ��jn�kvb�l�f�k�g�n b���b�f�nÇk�fÀg&t b¿z�hHy��"� qTb*d�p*y�l<b ε � (ξ ¤ ) m,f��X| ��Ä ¥¹ª�žn b���b�f�nTl k{f \ g�t�o:k y �Tt×g�t bdek�}�qTm,f�p*g&mHk�f \ − Φ ¸ Φ ë �ׯ½��k�z:p�d*g<k{o&l Ψ/ ( � � ∆ � ν)pvf�n a � t�p�w b�q�beb�f�m,f�g�o�k{n�y�d*b�n�mCfB�X|½�"Äv¥eÔ�Å�Ð Ψ� ( �>� ∆ � ν) = ∫ −∞ ∞ Z S�� / (Q ) b −ν � _�� Q l�m,f�t (π �LQ ) � Äe¦ � Å pvf�n a � = a°bu¤ � � /&0L1 ( 3 ¦ π4 � 6 ë ) § Äe¦#¥�Å Æ.t�bÏz�yTf�dvg�mCkTf�� � (Q ) mHl¼n�beg�b�o�}jmCf b�nµqTiÊg�t�bjm,f�g<b1��o�p h � � ( Q ) = ∫ −∞ ∞ " \ d�kTl   Q √(ε ë \ )ê + ∆ ê   d*k�l ( ¦ π \ � ) � Äe¦{¦�Å ÆXt�yTl²g�t�bÀz:p*deg�k{o Ψ� ( ( � ∆ � ν) ���RmEw�b�f qTi �X| �³Äe¦ � Å��n�b�l:d�o&mHq�b�l¼g&t bunTp�}���m,f���k{z¾g&t b�¯sÛ�k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTl k�zÉg�t b z:o<b*b�b�f�b�o��Ti�n�y�bug<k�g�t b�ÛÉÍ��Ê�Tp�� ∆ p�f�n�b�f b�o���iÎhAb*w bvh qRo�k�p�n�b�f�m,f�� ν �RÆ"t�buz:p*d*g<k{o a � mHf �X|½�"Äe¦ � Å�}sk�n y½h�p*g�b�lg�t�b � g�t�t�pvo�}�k fTmHd´g�t�o�kvy��TtÖg�t�bxl�g�p*d�£�m,f��¨z:p*d*g<k�o � � ��jtTmEd�tÖtTp�lup�h,o:b�pvn i²q�b*b�fÖn b*g<b�o&}�m,f�b�nÎqTi-�c|½�¾Äe¦�Å��¾�8g n�b�� b�fTn�l�k fÇg�t bÖk�f b��8n�mH}�b�fTl�mHk{f�p�h³n�b�f�l&mEg<iÇk{z�l�g�p*g�b�l pvl<l�k�d�m,p*g�b�nµ�jmHg�tµg�t b�bvhHb*deg&o:k�f�}sk g�m�k{f�p�hHk�f���g�t�bjl�g�p*d�£ . (ε) = ∑¤ δ(ε − ξ Y ) � Äe¦vª#Å ÆXt�bÝz:p*d*g<k oÀp�f�p�hAk���k yTl�g�k�g&t b � � ��p�l�m,f g�o�k n�y�d*b�n b�p�o&h,mHb�oÉm,fÊg�t�b�g&t�b*k{o�iuk zcn�b �jp�p�l<­�wTp�fʯ>h���t b�fuk�l:d�mFhFh�p�� g�mHk�f�l�m,f h�p*i b�o�b�n�dek fTn�yTd*g<k o�l�¤:¦ � �K¦r¥�§up�f�n¿l�yR��b�o�dek�f��n�y�d*g<k�o�l�¤:¦&�T§1� ƽt b�mAf�g:bJ��o<p�hXmHf��"|½�#Ŧ�¦�Å>depefµq{b�dep�hHdJy�h,pJg:b�nÊbJ�Tp1dJgJhKi g<k³i�mKb�h,n�¤<¦�¬#§ � � (Q ) = π ε ë    δ( Q − Q / ) + θ( S − Q / ) ∂ ∂ Q � �  ∆ √Q � − Q � ê      � Äe¦v¬#Å �jt�b�o:b θ( Q ) mClÖg�t b ��b�p*w�m,l<m,n�bÞl:g�b���zFy�f�d*g�mHk f � � ë ( Q )l<g&p�fTn�lxzFk o�g&t b�Ûcb�l<l�b�h�zFyTf d*g�m�k�f*�Ïp�f�n Q � = ¦ π� ¸ ε ë �+�k �Ìl�y�qTl�g�mEg<y�g�mHf����X|½�"Ŧ�¬#Å�mCf g<k�� |½�½Äe¦ � Å��R��bjtTp*w b Ψ� ( ( � ∆ � ν) = = Ψ( Q � � ν) + ∫� ∞ " Q Ψ( Q�� ν) ∂ ∂ Q � ë  ∆ √S ê − Q � ê   � Äe¦���Å �jt b�o�b Ψ( Q�� ν) = b −ν � � � Q�l<mCfTt (π �*Q ) � Äe¦ ®�Å Æ"t�b�l�bed*k{f�n�g<b�o<} m,f�Äe¦&��Å�w�p�fTmCl<t�b�lÊ��t�b�f ∆ = � �¼l�kg�t�p*g Ψ( Q � � ν) mHl�g�t�b¨z:p�deg�k{o���t�mHd�tÇn�b*g<b�o<}�m,f b�l�g�t�b p�}���h�m�g<yTn�b�lÕk�z½g�t�b�¯>Û�k l<d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lÉmAf×g�t�b�l�g�p*d�£³mCfug�t�b f�k{o&}�p h¾l�g�p*g<b�� Æ"t b�n b�� b�fTn�b�f�debÊk�z � ÛÃìeä k�f�g�t�b³k�l:d�mFh,�h,p*g�m,f��¿z:p*deg�k{o&lud*k�l ( ¦ π� Φ ¸ Φ� ) m,l³p�}�p�f�mAzFb�l�g�p*g&mHk{f�k{zg�t�b¼¯sÛ�b�z:zFbed*g¼¤1¥e®r�O¦�ÒT§cmHfÊ}�b�l:k�l:d*k���mHdsl<i�l�g<b�}jl��{¯¾}���h�mC� g<y�n�b�l a / p�f�n Ψ� zFk�o<}�p�h8hHi¢p�o�bÖ}syTd�t�g�t�bËl&p�}�b�p�lg�t�k{l�b¼p���� b�p�o�mCf��×mCf�g�t bsn b �jp�p�l&­�wTp�f�¯sh,��t b�f�b�z:zFb*d*g°m,f h,p*i�b�o�b�n�l<y�� b�o�d*k{f�n y�deg�k{o&l³m,f¨g�t b�w k�o�g<b*�¿l�g�p*g�bxq�b�hHkv� g�t�b�yR����b�o>d�o�m�g�mEd�p�h }�p1�Rf b*g�m�d³z:mKb�h,nÖ¤�¦&��§*�rÆ"t�b³h,p�g�g<b�osm,l q�b*d�p�yTl:b�m,f�q�k�g�t�d�p�l�b�lÉk�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{fµb�z:zFb*deg&l¾pvo�m,l:bjn�y�b�g�k g�t�b�| yTpvf�g�mHÂep*g&mHk{f�k{z�g&t�b�b�f b�o���i�l&� bed*g�o�yR} m,f¿l�yT��b�o�� d*k�f�n�y�d*g<k o&l*�±Æ"t bÀ��o�m,f�d�mH�Tp�h�n�m,z:zFb�o�b�f�d*b¢m,f�g�t�bÀz:mHbvh,n n�b�� b�f�n�b�f�deb�k�z � *�,�- ( � ) m,f�g&t b�n bB�jp�pvl<­�w�p�f�¯sh,��t�b�f p�f�nÖ¯¼t�pvo�k�f k w�­½Ûck�t�} d�p�l:b�l³pv��� b�p�o&l×q�bed�p*y#l:b�k{z�g�t�b n�mAz:zFb�o�b�f�gjfTp*g�yTo�b³k z¼g&t�b�| yTp�f g�mHÂ*p*g�mHk f"�c�<f�d�p�l<buk�z>g�t�b n�b �jp�pvl�­�wTp�fÚ¯>h���t b�fÚb�z:zFb*d*g�g�t bÝl�g&o:k�f�� b*��g<b�o<f�p�h }�p1��f�b*g�mHd�z:mHb�h�n�m�g�l�bvh,zumHl�p�| yRp�f�g�mHÂemCf��¿z:p�d*g<k{o��¾��tTmHd�t i�mHb�h�n�l�p�n�m,l�d�o�b*g<bÖÃ.pvf�n�p*yÀl<��bed*g�o�yT} o�b�l<� k�f�l&mHq#hHb�zFk�o g�t�b�� b�o�m�k{n�mKd�mHg�iÀk{z´g�t�b¨z:o�b*bÖb�f�b�o���i � * , - ( � ) m,fÇg�t�b m,f w�b�o�l<b�}jp1�Tf�beg&mEdÞz:mHb�h�nÙ¥M�c������f d�p�l�bÀk�z�g&t�bǯ¼Û ��o�kvq½hHb�}�yTfTn�b�o�l�g<yTn i ��g�t�b�b�f�b�o���i�hHb*w�bvh,l ε ¦ (ξ ¤ ) k{z�c|½�XÄ ¥Jª�Åjp���� b�pvosn y�bug<k�g�t b³l�mHÂJbu| y#p�f g�mHÂ*p*g�mHk fxm,f´g�t�b }�b�l�k�l�dek���m�dµl�pv}��rhHb��°p�f�n²g�t�bµz�hHy�� Φ ∝ � b�f�g<b�o<l�g�t�b n�mAl�d�o:b*g<b�l���bed*g�o�yT} ε ¦ (ξ ¤ ) p�l�p���pvo�p�}�b*g<b�o�g�t b�o�beq�i }�p�£�m,f���g&t b±z:o�b*b³b�f b�o���i � ÛÃìeä (Φ) m,f �c|½�°ÄJ¦�¬#Å�p�� b�o<mC� k�n�mHdÀzFyTf�d*g�mEk�fÌk�z�g�t�bÀz:mEbvh,n�mEg�l�b�h�z1��ÑXt�i�l&mEd�p hFhAi½�³g�t�b n�b�� b�f�n�b�f�deb�k{f Φ mCf�g�t�b³¯sÛÀl:iTl�g<b�}jl�l<t�kvyrh�nÎwTp�f�m,l&t g<k���b*g�t b�o���mHg�t~g&t�b�l�mEÂJb�|�y�p�f�g&mKÂ*p*g�mHk�f�m,f g�t bÇqTy#h,£ h,m,}jmEg��R�:fÊg�t b�f b*�Tgs��bed*g�mHk fTlÕ��bs��mFhFhrl�beb�m,fÊn�b*g�p�m�hRt�kv� g�t�b�¯>Û«k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l�}jp�f�m,zFb�l:g�g�t�b�}�l<b�hHw{b�lÌmHf g�t�b }�b�l�k�l�dek���m�d�g<y�q�b²yTfTn�b�o´dek�f�l&mHn�b�o�p�g�mEk�f½��q�k�g�tÀmCf�g�t�b f�k{o&}�p h"p�fTn�l�yR��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g�m,f��xl�g�p*g�b�l�� �RV : ;I<u_�[*`HZJ`,_pF �"ZH<[D5C2<�[>FvZ<^�[r<u\EAe_�`���� FvZ1`�\�Y2A F�Y�] ].`UD�<�YIA�`,\ Y@F �c_�[J\@A%Ae\��2<�[ +¾b�p�oÉg�t b�d�o&mEg�mHd�p�h.g�b�}�� b�o�p*g�yTo�bsk�f�b�d�p�fÊb*�R��p�fTnÊg�t�b z:o�beb�b�f b�o���i±m,f���kv��b�o<l k{z ∆ � �'�jl&mHf �B� |�l��.Ä ¥e®�Å��.Ä ¥eÓ�Å�� p�f�n�Ä ¥¹Ô�Å��T��but�p*w�b � · − ��� ≈ ≈ ∆ ê      α( � ) − ¦ ε � ∑� = è ∞ a ���X� ( ( � ν) d*k�l    ¦ π4 Φ Φ�         + �����¾� Äe¦ Ò�Å a W � .cb . W d è æ<è éMegf�è æ<éJè éHh�i%jlknm%jpoUerqts%o8ê�ëeì�ì*ìvê�ä�á<ëvu{êrf�å*w u10�� �jt�b�o:b α( � ) mClug�t�b�z:m,o<l�g³d*kvb�z:z:mHd�mHb�f g³k z�g�t�bxl�g�p�f�n�p�o&n ÁÏmHf�ÂJq�yTo��T­½Ã.pvf�n�p*y³b*�T��p�f�l&mKk�f½�#�:fug�t�b¼d�p�l�b¼k�z"p�l:y#� b�o<� dek�f�n�y�d*g<k�o�k{z�l&}�p hFh�nTm,}Ïb�f�l<mHk�f�l�m�g�d�p�f�q�bÝzFk�yTf�n nTm,o�bed*gJhHi z:o�k�} g&t�bÜz:o�b*b b�f�b�o���i n�b*g<b�o<}�m,f b�n q�i� |½�½Ä ¥1®�Å�Äel:b*b³acb�z1�.¦v®�zFk{o>n�b*g�p�mFh,lJÅ�Ð α( � ) = � ( � )    hAf    (� ° ë   + Ψ    ¥ ¦ + ν¦ π �    − Ψ    V º       Äe¦{Ó�Å �jb�o:b � ° ë = � ° ë (� ) m,l�g&t�b�d�o&mEg�m�d�p�h�g�b�}���b�o<p*g<y#o:b�k�z�p l�}�p�hFh�d*i�h�mCfTn b�o�k{z�o<p�n�mHyTl �8� Ψ l�g�p�f�n�l�zFk{o�g&t b�nTmH� �Rp�}j}�p�zFyTf d*g�mHk�f���� ( � ) m,lÏg�t�b±n b�fTl�mHg<i�k{zsl�g�p*g�b�l�� Æ"t bz:p�d*g<k{o � � ( �>� ν) b�f�g<b�o<mCf��Ëg&t�b�z:o�beb�b�f b�o:��i²be�T��pvf�l&mEk�f m,fB�c|½�.Äe¦ Ò�Å�mHl¼n�b*g<b�o<}�m,f b�n�qTiÊg�t�bjm,f�g<b1�To<p h �X� ( � � ν) = ∫  ∞ Z S b*�R� (− � Q )l*m,f�t�Q � Äe¦{Ô�Å �jt�b�o:b � = ν̧ π � p�f�n ( � = ¦ π � � � ξ( � ) �ÞÆ"t b d*k{� t�b�o:b�f�d*b�hHb�f ��g�tÇn�b�� b�f�n�l�k f�g�t�b7�#b�o&}�m�w�b�hAk�d�mHg�i � ëpvf�n g�t�b g�b�}�� b�o&p*g<yTo�b p�ded*k{o&n�mCf�� g<k g&t b¡o:b�h�p�g�mEk�f ξ( � ) = ¶− � ë ¸ π �¾� Æ"t b�d�o<mHg&mHd�p�h�g<b�}j��b�o&p*g<y�o<bÇk�z�g&t�b�l�g�p*d�£�d�p�f�q�b n�b*g<b�o<}�m,f b�n�z:o:k�} g�t b�Á�m,f�Â&qTy�oF�R­½Ã.p�f�n�p�yÇbe�T��pvf�l&mEk�f qTi�b�| yTp�g&mHf ��g<k�Â&b�o<kÊg�t�bjg�b�o�}ÝmCf�g�t bul&| yTp�o�b�qTo<p�d�£ b*g�l m,fB�c|½�.Äe¦ Ó�Å��RÆ"p�£�m,f��xm,f g�k±p*d*dek yTf�g¼pul<}�p�hFh�f�b�l�l¾k�zÕg�t b k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g<k�o:i�d*k{o&o�bed*g�mHk f�g�kÌg�t�bÀd�o<mHg&mHd�p�hxg<b�}�� b�o�p�g�yTo:b � °∗( � ) k�z�p�d*i�h�mCf�n�b�oÖn y�b¿g�kÞg&t b�¯¾tTp�o�k{f�kvw�­½Ûck{t�} b�z:zFb*deg��R��bjtTp*w b � ° (Φ) = � °∗( � ) − − ¦ � ° ë (� ) � ( � )ε ë ∑/ = è ∞ a � � / ¤<� ° ë ( � ) � ν § ���'�    ¦ π� Φ Φ �    � ÄJª � Å �jb�o:b�� °∗( � ) = ( ° ë (� ) − πν �°Ó�mHl�g&t�b�g&o&p�f�l&mHg�mEk�f�g<b�}�� ��b�o<p*g�yRo�b¼k�z½g�t�b¼d*iTh,m,f�n�b�o*�{g&pv£�mCf��×mCf�g�kjp*ded*k yTf�g°psl<}�p�h8h n�b���o�b�l�l&mKk�f�n�y�bxg�k�g�t�bxl<m�ÂJb��F| yTp�f�g�m�¹p�g�mEk�f�hAb*w�b�h¼qTo�k{p�� n�b�f�m,f��"� Æ"t�yTlÊg�t�b�d�o�mHg�mHd�p�h�g<b�}���b�o�p*g<y#o:b�� ° (Φ) k{l�d�mCh�� h�p�g<b�ljmHf�g&t�b�nTmCo:b*deguz:mEbvh,n��jm�g�t�p���b�o�mHk{nÎb�|�yRp�hÉg<k�g�t b f�k o�}�p�h�z�hHy���| y#p�f g<y#} Φë �°ÆXt�b�pv}��rh,mKg�yRn�b�l�k�z�t�p�o<�}�k�f�mHd�l�m,f-�c|½�°ÄJª � Åun�b�� b�f�n²k{fÎg<��k�z:p*deg�k�o<l a � p�f�n � � ��k�z��jt�mEd�t a � mCl±��o<k � k�o:g&mHk�f�p�h�g<kÖg�t�b�l:g�p�d�£�m,f��z:p�d*g<k{o � � � Æ"t�m,lÊz:p�d*g<k o³n�b�� b�f�n�luk�fÖg&t�b���p*iË��t�mHd�tdei#h,mHfTn�b�o&l¾pvo�bjl�g�p*d�£ b�n�mHf�g�k³p�g<y�q�b�p�fTnÊk�fÊg�t�b�g<i�� b�k z bvhHbed*g�o&mHd�p�hxd*k�f g�p�deg�q�beg���b*b�f g�t�b�}Ê��Íck�f�l&m,n b�o��µp�l�p l���bed�m,z:mHdub*�Tpv}��#hHb��XpÊ}�k�n b�h°m,f���t�mHd�t�m,n b�f�g�mHd�p�hcdei�h,m,f�� n�b�o<l�p�o�b�l<g&p*d�£�b�nÇ� b�o�mHk�n�mHd�p�h8hHi�m,f g<k�p²g<y�q�bËp�f�n�g�t b g<y#f�f�b�h>�<yTf�d*g�mEk�f�lÊq�b*g<��b*b�fÖg�t�b�} p�o:b�n�beg�b�o�}jm,f�b�n�q�i g�t�b±t�k{����m,f��Ëm,f�g<b1��o&p�h σ ����y�d�t²p±}�k�n b�h t�p�ljo�b*deb�f gJhHi zFk{y�fTn�l�yT����k�o�gjm,fÎbe�T��b�o&m,}sb�f�g�lsk�f�d�p�o<q�k{f�f�p�f�k�g<y�q�b�l ¤:ª#¥v§1�jÆXt�b�d*k�o�o�b�l���k fTn�mCf��Þn b�fTl�mHg<i�k z±l�g&p*g<b�l���p�l&l:k d�mH� p*g<b�n²�jmHg&t�g�t�b�bvhHb*deg&o:k�f�g&o�p�f�l<��k�o�g�p�hAk f ��g&t b�g<y�q�b�m,f g�t�mHl }�k�n b�h<� m,l �TmHw b�f q�i g&t b o:b�h,p*g�mHk�f . (ε) = ¥ ¸ π( ¬ σ � − ε ê ) è � ê �#�<f g�bJ�To&p*g�mHk fÊk�z � |½�#Äe¦�ž�jm�g�tg�t�mHl . (ε) i�mHb�h�n�l � � = � ë ( ¬ πσ� ¸ ε ë ) �Xl:k´g�t�p*gsg�t�b³z:p*d*g<k�oa � q�b*d*k�}Ïb�l a � = ¦ � ë    � πσ� ε ë    dek l ( º π� � 6 � ) ÄJª½¥�Å Ä � ë ( � ) mHl�g�t b´Ûcb�l&l:b�h�zFy�f�d*g�mHk f.Å�� Æ"t�b³d�p�l:bÊk�zsp�l&mHf �#hHb d*iTh,m,f�n b�o�dek o�o�b�l&� k fTn�l�g<k�g�t�b±��o:k�t�mHqTm�g�mHk f�k�zsb�hAb*deg&o:k�f g<y�fTf b�h,m,f � q�beg���beb�f g&t b¡p�n ��p*d*b�f�gÌd*i#h,mHfTn b�o&l*�¿m�� b��F� σ = � �RÆ"t bjn�b�f�l�m�g<i³k z°l�g&p*g<b�l¼mHf�g�t�m,lsh,mH}jmHg¼mClÕ��m�w{b�f�q�i. (ε) = δ(ε) �T�utTmCd�t�m,}u�#h,mCbvl¼g&t#p�g^� � bv|�y#p h8l>yRf�mCg�i�pvf�na � = ¦�d*k�l ( º π� ��� ë ) � �jp�w�m,f���p*g�t�p�f�n��"|Tl��XÄe¦�ÔTÅ�p�f�nÄJª#¥�Å��"k{f bÊdep�f�d*p�hHdJy�h�p1g:b�g<t b±l�y�}�mHf-�X|r�ÉÄ�ª � Å��X��t�mEdetn bJg:b�o:}�m,f b�l¼g&t bul<t�p�� bjk�zÕg�t�b�k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk�f�l¾k�zÕg�t�b�d�o&mEg�mC� d�p�hjg<b�}�� b�o�p�g�yTo:b δ � ° (Φ) ≡ ( � ° (Φ) − � °∗( � )) ¸ � ° ë ( � ) m,f yTf�mHg�lµk�zÊg&t�bÖ| yTp�f�g�mHg�i�� ( � )ε ë �ÏÆ"t bÖo�b�l�y.hHg�l�k�zÊg�t�bf�yT}�b�o<m�d�p�h�d�p�hAd*y#h,p*g�mHk fTlÕk{z δ � ° (Φ) zFk{oÉn�mAz:zFb�o�b�f�g°w�p�hHyTb�l kvzÕg�t b�� p*o:pe}sb&g:beo:l ( = ¦ π � � ° ë ( � ) ¸ ε ë pef n � = ν ¸ π ( ° ë (� )p�o�bËl�t�k��jfÀmHf �.mE�"�u¥ � ��bÖl:b*b�g&t�p�g�m,f��Tb�f b�o&p�hjg�t�b l&t�p���b¿k z�g�t�b¿¯¾tTp�o�k f�k�wT­½Ûck{t�} k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk�f�l�k�z�g�t�b g�o&p�f�l&mHg&mEk�f�g�b�}�� b�o<p�g<yTo�b±m,f�g&t b±l�yT��b�o:d*k�f�n�y�deg&m,f���g<y�q�b m,luf�kvguk�z�g�t bxl&m,}��#hHb�d*k{l&mHf�bxzFk o&}Údek l ( ¦ πΦ̧ Φ ë ) q�b��d�p*yRl�buk{z¾g&t bud*k{f�g�o<m�q�y�g�m�k�f�l�z:o�k }Ìg&t�butTmA��t�b�ost�p�o<}�k�f�� mHd�l�Ä � = ¦R��ªr�³�,�F��Å����Fg�g�pv£�b�l�g&t b�t�p�o�}Ïk�f�mHd�l&m,f b�h�m,£�b zFk�o<} k{frhAi�zFk{o�l�yTz:z:m�d�mHb�f g1hAi²h�p�o���b ( pvf�n � p�lsk{f�bud�pvfl�beb�mHf �.mO�c��¥ � » �¼Æ"t b�l<b�| yTp�f�g�m�g�mEb�l�n b�� b�fTn¨k�f�� ° � (� )p�f�n�g&t bub�f�b�o���i�hHbew b�hXq#o:k�p�n b�fTmCf�� ν �#�jt�mEd�t´g�t�b�o�b�zFk�o�b p*d*g¼p�l¾z:p*deg�k�o�l¾nTp�}���m,f{�±g�t�b�p�}j�Rh�mHg�yTn�b�l¾p�f�n�l<}�b�p�o&mHf � g�t�bjz:mHf�bjl:g&o<y�deg�yTo�b�k{zÕg�t�b�l�b�k{l�d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l*�RÆ"t b�w�p�hAy�b�k{z g�t�but k�����m,f���mAf�g<b1�To&p�h p�h,l:k�l:g&o�k{f��RhHi�p�z:zFbed*g�l g�t�b�l�tTp���b p�f�nup�}j��h,mHg�yTn�b�l"k�z#g&t�b¾k�l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk�f�l��{p�l"k�f b>d�p�f�g�bvhFhTq�i d*k�}��Tp�o�m,f � �rmA�X�¾¥ � ( p�f�n��.mE�"�¾¥ � � �XÆ"t bub�fTt�p�f�d*b�}�b�f gk�z σ d�t�p�f���b�l´g�t b²k{l�d�mFh8h,p*g�m�k{f���p*g<g<b�o<fÇp�f�nÀl�g�o�k{f��#hAi n�b���o�b�l&l�b�l g�t�bjpv}��rh,mKg�yRn�b�l�� Æ"t�bug<b�}j� b�o<p�g<yTo�b³pvf�n�q�o:k�p�n�b�f�m,f{� ν m,f�z�hHy�b�f�d*bug�t�b p�}���h�m�g<yTn�b�k�z�g&t�b � g�t�t�p�o&}sk�f�mHd�g&tTo�k y �TtÖg�t�bxz:p*d*g<k�o � � ( �>� ν) ���jt�mEd�t�n�bed�o�b�p�l�b�l>o<p���mAnrhHi±p�lÉg�t�b���pvo�p�}�b*g<b�o&l � p�f�n ( � mHf�d�o�b�p�l:b��¾��f²g&t b�d�p�l<b��jt�b�fÖ¦ π� � � ξ( ( ) � g�t�mHl¼z:p�deg�k{o¾q�bed*k�}�b�l¼p�f�b*�T��k{f�b�f�g�m,p�hczFyTf d*g�mHk�f � � ( � � ν) ≈ º ¥ + � b*�#�    −    � ( ∗    �    b*�T�    − ν π ( ∗   ÄJª�¦�Å n�b�� b�f�n�m,f���k�f�l:k�}�bjdvt�pvo&p�d�g�bvo&m,l¹g�mCdug�b�}�� b�o�p�g�yTo:b³� ∗ = = ¶− � ë ¸ ¦ π � � �c�Ït�mHd�t�m,l�p�n�bed�o:b�p�l&m,f��ËzFyTf�d*g�mHk f�k�zsg�t�bo&p�n�mHyTl ���°�FgjzFk�h8hHkv�jlÏg�t�b�f�z:o�k{} � |�l*�°ÄJª � Å�p�f�n²ÄJª�¦�Åg�t�p*g�g&t b�| yTpvf�g<yT} ¯sÛ k�l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk fTlÎk{z�g�t�b¿d�o<mHg&mHd�p�h g<b�}�� b�o&p*g�yTo�b n�bed�o�b�p�l�b be����k f�b�f g�mCp�h8hHi �jmHg&t � m,z ¦ π ��� � ξ( � ° ë ) �"Øjf´g�t b�k g�t b�ost�p�fTnX�R�jt�b�f��Ìbe��d*b*b�n�lg�t�b¡Ásm,f ÂJq�y�o:�T­½ÃXp�f�nTp*y d*k�t b�o�b�f d*b¡hHb�f���g�t ξ ��� ( � ° ë ) u10eë d è æ<è é�e f�è æ<éJè é>h i%jpk m%jpo e>qts%oFê<ëeì�ì*ì�êFä�á<ëvu ê>f�å w Äem�� b��,��mCf�g&t b�Á�Ã�o:b1�Tm,}�b Å��cg�t�bÊ��o&p�n�m�b�f�gjg�b�o�}Úm,f²g�t b z:o<b*b�b�f b�o:��iÊbe�#��p�f�l<mHk�f�l&t k y#h�nÊq�bjp�n�n�b�nÊg�k³g�t�bjo&mE�Tt g�� tTp�f�n�l<mCn bjk z,�X| �.Äe¦vÒ�Å�Ð ¥ ¦��       ¶− 3 ∇ − ¦ »�� ·    Ψ    ê � ÄJª{ª#Å ÆXt�b�Á�mCf ÂJq�yTo��T­½ÃXp�f�n�p*y�k�o<n�b�o���p�o&p�}�beg�b�o Ψ m,f �X| � ÄJª{ª#Å�m,l���o�k{��k{o�g�mEk�f�p�hjg<k ∆ ¤:ª ¦�§JÐ Ψ = γ � � ∆ ����t�b�o:b γ ê = Ò ζ( ª ) � � ë� � ( � )��¦ π ê � ° ë zFkvosd�hAbep*f�l:y�� b*o:dJk f{n�y�dJg:k{o�l p�f�n γ ê = π � � ë � ( � ) � ¸ ¥e¦ ¶−� ° � zFk o�n�m,o�g<iÀl�yR��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d��g<k�o�l�� ��b�o�b � ë m,lsg&t b��#b�o<}�mcw�bvhHkvd�mHg<i½�cp�fTn ζ( ª ) m,lsg�t�b ÂJb*g�p�zFyTf�d*g�mEk�f½� � = ¶−� ë ¸ ν ��Æ"t�b�z�hAy���k�mHn�|�y�p�f�g&mKÂ*p*g�mHk�f m,f�p�g�t�m,f�l�yR� b�o:d*k�f�n�y�deg&m,f���dei�h,m,fTn�b�o¾}�p�£ b�lÉg�t bjl�yT��b�o�� d*yTo&o:b�f�gÖw bvhHk d�mEg�i � ­ = ( ¶−̧ � � ) }�mAf�� ( \ − Φ ¸ Φ� ) � � pvfk�l:d�mFhFh�p*g�k�o�i¿zFy#f deg&mHk{f�k zug&t�b�o�p�g�mEk Φ̧ Φ� ��t�mHd�t¿m,l�p}�p�fTmHzFb�l<g&p*g�mHk f�k z¼g&t b�Ã.mHg�gJhHb�­½Ñ"p�o�£�lsb�z:zFb*d*g�¤�Ò��KÓT§�Ä \ m,lp�f�m,f�g<b1��b�o1Å��XÆXt�yTlsg&t b³z:o�bebub�f�b�o���i�b*�T�Tp�f�l�m�k{f�k{z!�X|X� Äe¦ Ò�Å�mHf�g&t�buÁ�Ã�o�b1�Tm,}�b�g�p�£�b�l g�t buzFk{o&} � · − � � ≈ Ψ �      γ      α( � ) − ¦ ε ë ∑� = è ∞ a � � � ( � � ν) d�kTl    º π4 Φ Φ ë         + � � ­ ê ¦      + � � � � ÄJª ¬TÅ �Àb�l�b*bsg�t�p*gÉg<��ku��t�i�l<mHd�p�h8hHi³n�mAz:zFb�o�b�f�g�o�bJ�RmH}�b�lÉl&t k y#h,n qTb n�m,l�g�m,f���yTm,l<t�b�n½� �<f g�t�b }�b�l�k�l:d*k���mHd o�bJ�Tm,}Ïb�� ¦ π � ≤ ξ( ( ) ��g�t�bÝz:o:b*bÌb�f�b�oF�Ti �TmHw b�fÚq�i �c|½��Äe¦{Ò�Å k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g<b�l²�jmHg�t���b�o<mHk n Φ ë k�fÌp�d*d*kvyTf�g�k z�g�t�b¿¯sÛb�z:zFb*deg�� ��f g�t b Ásm,f ÂJq�y#oF�T­ Ãrp�f�n�p*y o�bJ�Tm,}Ïb�� ¦ π � � � ξ( ( ° ë ) �sg�t bÖtTp�o�}�k�f�m�d�k{l�d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lÊ�TmHw�b�f�q�ig�t�b±l:y#}~k w b�o � m,f �X| �cÄJª ¬TÅ�w�pvf�m,l�t"�cp�f�n�g&t b±��b�o&mEk�nk�zÇk�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk�f�l�q�bed*k�}�b�l�b�|�y�p�h¿g<k g�t�b l�yR��b�o�dek�f�� n�y�d*g�mCf��¿z�hAy���| yTpvf�g<yT} Φ­ = Φ ë ¸ ¦r�¼�:fÖg�t�mHlud�p�l<b´g�t bk�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f�lÉp�o�b¼d*k�}j��hHb*g<b�hAi³n b*g<b�o&}�m,f�b�n�q�i�g�t�b�l:y#� b�o<� dey#o<o�b�f gjg�b�o&}�� � ­ ê ¸ ¦R��p�lumHf²g�t�b±d�p�l:b�k�zsg&t b�dek�f w�b�f��g�mHk�f�p�h>Ãrm�g<gJhHb�­½ÑXp�o&£�lsb�z:zFbed*g��XÆ"t bud�o&mHg�mEd�p hcg<b�}�� b�o�p�g�yTo:b k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g�b�lum,f²g&tTm,luo�bJ�#mA}�bxp*d*dek�o�nTmHf��Ëg<k�g&t�b�l�g�p�f�nTp�o&n Ã.mHg<g1hAb���ÑXp�o&£�l¾b�| y#p*g�mHk f � ° ë (Φ) = � °∗( � ) + � �OÒ�ª ξ � � � � ë ( � ) }�m8f       & − Φ Φ­    �    � ÄJª@��Å Æ"t�y�l³pvf�m,f d�o<b�p�l�bxk z � o<b�l:yrhAg&l±mCf�p�d�o�k l�l�k w{b�o³z:o�k } t�p�o<}�k�f�mHdÀk�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l�k{z²g�t�bÀd�o&mKg&mHd�p�h�g�b�}���b�o<p*g�yRo�b � ° (Φ) �Ïm�g�tÀ��b�o�mHk�n Φë m,f g�t b²¯¼t�pvo�k�f�k{w�­½Ûck�t�} o:b�� �Tm,}�b�Ĺl�b*b��X|½�>ÄJª � Å�Åug<k²g�t b���p�o&p*q�k�h�mHd�ÃXmEg�gJhHb�­ ÑXp�o<£�l ®��-È ¾ ×wîÊâ¢á ï�âÂÎÃÖeÛÃà�ÛÃÚÂð�ñ�ÛÃâ�Í ÛÃìeäbÏ�Ð¥Ð�Îvô�Ï ÛÃà¢ì ÛÂõ�ô¼â¢á äcÖ�Ï ô�Ï äbÎÃÐ�ôûávÍ.÷ÂábÖeÎvôeß�ÖeáþÛÂõ�Î ìeôeÎbäcÝ Û¢õ�â�Û´Ð�Ð�ÛÂý�ìeß�÷ÂábÖeäcÛÃà�Ô ß�äcô�Ï à�ö ädç-Ð�Ï à¢Ô�ácÖeì δ ø ù (Φ� Φ ! ) ≡ ( ø ù (Φ) − ø ∗( � ))� ø ù� (� ) ò�ìeácáÆË � ×�ò80¢ë�óbó�Ï àTߢà¸Ï ôeì.ÛÂõ"ôeâ�á � ß�Îbà�ô�Ï ô¥ç � ( ë )ε � ò Φ Ï ì.ôeâ�á)õûÐÓߢüTôûâ�ÖeÛÂß�öÂâjÎ)â�Û´Ð�Ð�Û�ý,é�Îbà�Ô Φ� Ô¢ácà�ÛÃôeácìôeâ¢áfõ¥Ð�ßÂü � ߢÎvà¢ôeß�Í�óÃ×�î�â¢áwà¢ß�Í.ácÖ�Ï äbÎÃÐ+äbÎÃÐ�äc߸Ð�ÎÃôeÏ�ÛÃà¢ì�ÛÂõ δ ø ù (Φ) Ï àfå�Ï öÂìbׯèÃé  �� è � ÎbÖ¼áfÔÂÛÂàÂá�õ�ÛÃÖ�Ô-Ï�õ¥õ�ábÖeácà�ô�ÚÂÎ�ÐÓߢácì�ÛÂõXô¼â¢áw÷¢ÎvÖeÎÃÍ.ácôeácÖeì   = ê π � � ù� ( � )� ε � é Ä = ν� π � ù� ( � ) é ° = � πσ � ε � é¿Îbà�Ô � µ � = ècëÂëÃë¸Ñ   = ë�×�è�é Ä = èÃé ° = ë¸×�è#ò¯åÊÏ�ö¸×�èÃé   ó��   = ë�×�èÂé Ä = èÃé ° = ècëºò�å�Ï ö�×�èÃé Ä ó��   =ë¸× êÃí�é Ä = èÂé ° = èbë�ò�å�Ï ö�×�èÃé ° ó��   = ë¸× í-é Ä = èÃé ° = è¯ë�ò¯å�Ï ö�×�èÂé Å ó��   = èÂé Ä = èÂé ° = èbë)ò�å�Ï ö�×�è�é � óÃ× a W � .cb . W d è æ<è éMegf�è æ<éJè éHh�i%jlknm%jpoUerqts%o8ê�ëeì�ì*ìvê�ä�á<ëvu{êrf�å*w u10�� k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f�lÉ��mHg&t�� b�o�mHk�n Φ­ mCfug�t�b�Á�m,f Â1q�yTo��T­½ÃXp�f�n�p*yo<b1�Tm,}�bjn�b�l:d�o&mEqTb�n�q�iB�X|½�"Ä&ª ��Å�� �#V��BFK=�YL<�ZJ`���F ZJ`,\ Y���CL<�[HA�` AJZ><�Y�Zs_�^�[&[H<�Y�Z��F Y�] A1^2AJ_&<pC�Z1` �r`��F`HZM?�\@Ae_�`�� � F�ZJ`,\ Y2A �jp*wTmHf�� p*g�tTp�f�n�b�|�yTp�g&mKk�f�l�zFk{oµg�t�bËz:o:b*b�b�f b�o���i½� k�f�bÀd�p�f~d�p�hHdey½h,p*g<b�g�t�bÀ}�p1�Rf b*g�mHÂep*g&mHk{f � pvf�n~g�t b l<y�l<d*b�� g�mHq�mFh�mEg�i χ q�i³g&pv£�m,f{�´n�b�o&mHw�p*g�m�w�b�l�Ð � = − ∂ � ∂ � � χ = ∂ � ∂ � � ÄJª�®�ŠͰk�f�l&mHn�b�osz:m,o<l�gsg�t b³}�p1�Tf�b*g�mEÂep*g&mHk�f½�c��f´g�t�b�¯sÛ¿o<b1�Tm,}sb ��b�f�g<b�o<l�g�t b�z:o:b*b³b�f�b�oF��i"�Xp�lsk�f bÊd�p�f�l�b*b³z:o�k{} �c|�l�� Äe¦v¬#Å�p�f�n�ÄJ¦ Ó�Å��Rg&tTo�k{y���t�pul�g�o�k�f{�.hAi�k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g�k�o:ixzFyTf�d�� g�mHk�f�d*k{l ( ¦ π4 Φ̧ Φ ë ) �Xl<k´g�t�p*gjn�b�o&mEwTp*g�m�k{f�m,f �X|X�cÄJª�®�Åm,l¾g&o�mEwTmCp�hXpvf�nµi�m�bvh,nTl � * , - = − ¬ π � ε ë    ¦ π Φ ë    ∑� = è ∞ a / Ψ� ( ( � ∆ � ν)� ����    º π� Φ Φ ë    � ÄJª�Ò�Å ��g¾mHl¾mHfTl�g�o�y�d*g�mHw bsg<k�qTb1�Tm,fug&t b�p�fTp�hHi�l&m,lck z"g�t�bÏl�tTp���b�k z g�t�bÏzFy�f deg&mHk�f � * ,�- (Φ) �jmEg&t³d*k{f�l<mCn b�o&p*g&mHk{fÊk{z g�t b�h,m,}jmH� g�m,f��¢d�p�l�b ∆ = σ = ν = � = � �Ïl&m,f d*b�g&t�bÖl:yT} m,f �X| � ÄJª�Ò�ÅÖm,f�g�t�m,lÎd�p�l:b�d�p�f�q�b�d�p�hHd*y.h,p*g<b�nÌp�f�p�hAi g�m�d�p�hFhAi � � beg�g�m,f���g<k�ÂJb�o�k�g�t�b�l:bË��p�o�p�}�b*g<b�o<l�m,f �"|½��ÄJª�ÒTÅ����sb tTp*w�b � ÛÂìeä (Φ) = � Û�ìcä+ + � Û�ì¼ä− � ÄJª�Ó�Å �jt�b�o:b � ÛÃìeä± = ¦ ε � πΦ ë ∑� = è ∞ (− ¥ ) � � l�m,f    ¦ π�    Φ Φ ë ± � 6 ë + ¥ ¦       � ÄJª�Ô�Å ÆXt�b�l:y#}Àm,f � |X�RÄ&ª�Ô�Å�mClcb*�Rp*d*gJhHi³p�l&p*�j�Cg<k�k{g&t³zFyTf�d*g�mEk�f k�z�mHg&lxp�o���yT}�b�f�g�mHf�g&t�bÖ��p�o�b�f�g�t�b�l�m,l��ÏÆ"t b�o<b�zFk{o�b²g�t b }jp1�Rf�beg&mHÂep*g�m�k{f � Û�ì¼ä (Φ) k�zsp�l�m,f �#hHb³d*i�h�m,f�n b�ouÄ σ = � Åp�gÉÂJb�o�kug�b�}�� b�o<p�g�yTo:b�p�fTn´hHbew�b�h#qTo�k{p�n b�f�mHf � ν m,l¾p�l:y#} k�z>g���k�l�p*�j�Cg<k kvg&t���o�k{z:m�hAb�l*�°p�l�mAl�l<t�kv��f�mHf-�.mE�"� ¦R� ( � ÆXt�b�� b�o<l&m,l:g�b�f�g�d*yRo�o�b�f gup�f�nÎg�t�b³d*k�o�o�b�l���k fTn�mCf��Ë}jp1�T� f�b*g�mHÂJp�g�mEk�f¿zFyTf�deg&mHk�f � ÛÃìeä (Φ) k�zup�g�t�mHf¿f k�o�}jp�h�o&m,f�� Äez:m,o<l�g�kvq�g&pvmHf�b�n�q�i��¼y#h,m,£�¤:¦ Ò�§�Å���b�o�b±l�g<y�n�mHb�n�m,fÎg�t b �Tp�� b�o�¤Fª{ª#§¼p�f�n�h,p�g�b�osn�m,l�dey#l<l�b�nxmHf�n�b*g�p�m�h m,f´p³o:b*wTmHb*� pvo:g&mHd�hAb�¤Fª ¬#§1� +�k f�b*g�t�bvhHb�l&l���p�luk f�b�d�p�f�l�bebxz:o�k } �X| � ÄJª�Ò�Å���g�t b�}jp1�Rf�beg&mHÂep*g�m�k{f�k zÖg�t�bÀg<y�qTb�mAl�l:g&o�k{f��RhHi pvz:zFb*deg�b�n�q�i�g�t bup�n�n�mHg�m�k{f�p�h z:p*d*g<k�o a � (σ) �rÆ"t buo�k�hHbjk z g�t�bjl:g&p�d�£�m,f���z:p�d*g<k{o a � (σ) mHf�g�t b�l�t�pv� b�k z � Û�ì¼ä (Φ) m,l f�k f�g&o<mHwTmHp�hÏp�f�n�m,l�mFhFhAy�l:g�o&p*g�b�n�q�iÖg�t�b�o�bvh,p*g�m�w�bxg&o<p�f�l<� z:mE��yRo�p*g�mHk�f�l�k�zÖg&t�b�k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{fÚ��p*g<g<b�o<f�l�l<t�kv��f mCf �.mE�Tl���¦r� ( pvf�n�¦r� � �¼�<f d�o�b�p�l<m,f��Ëg&t�b´g<b�}j� b�o&p*g<yTo�bxp�f�nhHbew�b�h¼q#o:k�p�n b�fTmCf��¿nTp�}��Ög�t�b�p�}���h,mHg<yTn�b�luk{z�g&t b�t�pvo�� }�k{f�mHd�l���}�p�£�m,f���g�t b�zFk�o<} k�z�� ÛÃìeä (Φ) d�hHk{l�bÖg<kÀl<mC� f�bvh,mH£�b��rp�l>k{f�bud�p�f�l�bebum,f �rmA�X�X¦R� · �XÆ"t b³l<t�p�� buk z¾g�t�b}�p1��f�b*g�mHÂJp�g&mEk�f k{l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTl²mHf�g�t�b¿l�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�d*g�mHf � g<y�qTbud�p�hAd*y½h�p*g�b�n�k f�g�t�buqTp�l&m,l>k�z � |X�cÄJª{Ò�ÅjzFk�osnTmCz:zFb�o�� b�f�gcw�p�hAy�b�lÕk{z½g�t�b���p�o<p�}�beg�b�o&l ∆ � σ � ν ��p�f�nu��m,lcl&t k �jf m,f �rmO�c�"ª#�cÆXt�b±}�p1�Tf�b*g�m�¹p�g�mEk�f�k z¼g&t�b�l�g�p*d�£�k�z>d*i�h�m,f�� n�b�o�l¼m,l>m,fTt�b�o�b�f gJhHi�o<b�h,p*g<b�n�g<kÊg�t�b�l�k��Cd�p�h8hHb�n´� b�o&l�m,l�g<b�f g d*yTo&o:b�f�g � = · � ¸ ( = π � � ) �¨Æ"t�mClÌd*yTo<o�b�f gÝz�hHk �jl p�o�kvy#f�nÊg�t�bjt k�hFhAk�� p�f�n�g�t b�o�beq�i³d�o:b�p�g<b�lÉg�t�bj}�p*�Tf b*g�mC� ÂJp*g<mEk{fr�XÆ.t b*o:bezCk{o�bjk l:demCh,hAp*g<mEk f�l>kvz¾g<t bu}�p1��f�bJg�mEÂJpJg<mEk fxp*l pÉz,y fvd1g�mEkvf>kvzTz�hKyv�jp�hAlFk¼mK}���hKi¼kvlFdJmChHhAp&g<mOkvf{l�kvz�g<t�bc�vbJo:l:mHlFgFbef�g dJyTo�oFb�f�g��Ï��mEg<tÇg�t�b¿p*}���hAmEg:yTn�b � ÛÃì¥ä (Φ) = · � Ûbìeä (Φ) ���¾� Æ.t�b¼k{lFd�mCh,hAp*g<mEk{f lÕkvz½g<t b�lFyTl�dJbe� g<mEq�mCh�mEg:i�dep*f�q�b¾d�p�hKd*y�hAp*g:ben q�i�g<p�£ mAf{��g<t b�n beo�mKw�p1g<mEw{b χ * , - (Φ) = ∂� ÛÃì¥ä (Φ) � ∂ � �¾�<f g�t�b³f k�o<}�p�h°l:g&p�g�b��#yRf�n�b�o>g�t bud�kTf#n#m,gJmFkTf#l ∆ = σ = ν = = � = � ��g&t b¡}jp1�Rf�beg&mHÂep*g�m�k{f zFy#f d*g�mHk f � Û�ìeä (Φ) m,l �TmHw�b�f�q�i�g�t�b�l&p*�j�Cg<k�k g�t�zFyTf�d*g�m�k{f´k�z �X|½�cÄ&ª�ÓTÅ�p�f�n�m,l ®��-È�� ׸î�â�á.ï�â�ÎbÖeÛÃà�ÛÃÚÂÌûñ�ÛÃâ¢ÍwÛÃìeäbÏ�Ð�Ð�ÎbôdÏ ÛÂàÂì"ÛÂõ�ô¼â¢á.Í.ÎböÂà�ábôeÏ�ÜdÎbô�Ï ÛÃàºÛ´õ Î�ìeôeÎväcÝXÛ´õ â¢ÛÂÐ�ÐÓÛÂý�à�ÛÃÖ�Í.ÎÃÐ�ädç¸Ð�Ï à�Ô¢ácÖeì ú ����� (Φ� Φ � ) ò�öÂÏ�Ú�ácà^æ�ç Ë � ×ò80J/�ó�ý�Ï ôeâ ∆ = ë ó Ï àºß¢à¸Ï ôeì"ÛÂõ�ôeâÂá � ß�Îbà�ôeÏ�ô�ç ú ( ë ) = ê ε � · � Φ ! ׸îÊâ¢á à�ߢÍ.ácÖ�Ï ävÎ�Ð�äcÎ�ÐÓäbߢÐ�ÎbôdÏ Û�à�ìÕÛ¢õ ú ����� (Φ � Φ � ) Ï à^å�Ï öÂìv×"è�é   ð�è ° ÎvÖ�á)Ô�ÛÃà¢áõ�ÛÃÖ Ô¸Ï�õ¥õ�ábÖeácà�ôþÚÂÎÂÐÓߢácì Û¢õ ôeâ�á ÷¢ÎvÖ�ÎvÍ.ácôeácÖeì   = ê π � ø ù� ( � )� ε � éÄ = ν� π � ù� (� ) é ° = � πσ� ε � é�ÎbàÂÔ ��µ � Ñ   = ë�× ë�èÃé Ä = ë�× ë�èÃé ° = ë�×�è é � µ � = ècëÂëÃë ò¯å�Ï ö�×.èÂé   ó��   = ë¿× ë�èÂé Ä = ë¿× ë�èÂé ° = èÂé ��µ � = ècëÂë ò¯å�Ï ö�×�èÂé Ä ó �   = ë�× ë¸èÃé Ä = ë¿× ë�èÂé ° = ë¸×�èÃé � µ � = èbëÃë)òcå'Ï öÊ×'è�é ° ó�× u10�x d è æ<è é�e f�è æ<éJè é>h i%jpk m%jpo e>qts%oFê<ëeì�ì*ì�êFä�á<ëvu ê>f�å w l�t�k{��f�m,f �.mE�"�X¦#� (r�XÆ"t�yTl χ *�,.- (Φ) m,f�g&t�m,lsd�p�l�bu��k y#h,n tTp*w�b³n�bvhHg�p��8zFyTf�deg&mHk�fx��b�p�£�l�p*gsg�t�b��<yT}j��lsk{z g�t�b³l<p���� g<k kvg&txp�f�nxpÊf b1�Rp*g�mHw bud*k{f�l:g&p�f�g>wTp�hAy�buq�beg���b*b�f�g&t�b�}µ� Æ.b�}�� b�o&p*g�yTo�bµp�f�n ν �°p�l���b�hFh p�l ∆ p�f�n σ �°l&}sb�pvo�g�t b l�mCf���y.h,p�o¿zFb�p*g<y�o<b�l�m,f � * ,�- (Φ) �µp�l�k{f�bÀd�p�f�l:b*bÞmCf�rmO�½��¦R� ( p*f�n8�#m3�½�{ªr� · ��}�p�£ mHf���g&t�b χ *�, - (Φ) p�t{p�o�}skvf�mEde� h�m,£�bµzFy#f d*g�mHk f²g<kvk½� +¾b�p�o�g�t�b�g�o<p�f�l&mEg�mHk�f�g�b�}�� b�o<p�g<yTo�b�� �To�k{w�m,n�b�n�g�t�p�gËmEgËmClËt�mE�TtÌb�f k y �TtÌg&t�p*g�g&t�b�t�mE�Tt�b�o tTp�o&}sk�f�mHd�lÉd�pvfÊq�bjf b1�.hHbed*g<b�n½�T��bÏt�p*w�b�z:o�k{} �c|½�#Äe¦{Ò�Å pjl�m,}j�RhAb�p�f�p�hAi g�m�d�p�h#b*�T��o�b�l�l&mHk{fÊzFk�oÕg�t�b�l�yTl�d*b���g�mHqTm�h�mEg<i Ð χ ≈ ¦ ε ë    ¦ π ∆ Φ ë    ê a è � è ( � � ν) dek l    ¦ π Φ Φ ë    ÄJ¬ � Å ¯¾ded*k�o<n�mAf��xg�k�� |X�cÄ�ª�¦�Å�g&t bug<b�}j��b�o&p*g<y�o<buq�b�t�p�w�mHk{osk z g�t�bjl�yTl�deb�� g�m�qTmFh,mKg�i�f�b�p�o¼� ° mHl χ ∝ be�T�    − (� ∗    ÄJ¬.¥vÅ � y�d�t�pÊg�b�}�� b�o�p*g�yTo�b±n�b���b�f�n�b�f deb�k z¼g&t�b�}�p*�Tf b*g�m�d l�yTl:d*b���g&mKq#mCh�m�g<iÝt�p�l²q�b*b�fÝzFk�yRf�n~o:b*d*b�f�gJhHiÌm,f�b*�R� b�o<mC� }�b�f g&lÊk{f�p�q�yTf�nrhAb´k�z�b�hAb*deg&o&mHd�p�hFhHi¨mHl�k�h,p�g�b�n¨¯c�*),+¾q �jm,o�b�lΤJ¥eÔ�§1� �Xw b�o�i¿��m,o�b�m,f�g&t b�q�y�fTn�hHb���p�l±p²w b�o<i d�hAb�p�f�¯Õ�±d*i#h�mHf�n b�o¾d*k{p*g<b�n���mHg&t³g&tTmHf�l�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�d*g�mHf �+¾qÀh,p*i�b�o*��Æ"t b�p*y�g&t�k o�lÊk z�a°b�z1��¥1ÔÖp�h,l�kËk�qTl�b�o�w�b�n¿p d�o<k l&l:k w b�o¾mHfÊg�t bsg�b�}�� b�o�p*g�yTo�bsq�b�t�p*w�mHk�ock�z½g�t�b�l:yTl�d*b���� g�m�qTmFh,mHg<i²�Ït�mHd�tÖn k y�q#hHb�l×g�t bxo�p*g�mHk�� ¸ � ∗ → ¦ ( ¸ � ∗ m,fg�t�b�be�#� k�f b�f�g�k�z χ( � ) ��t�b�fÖ� N � ∗ � �Àb�d�p�fÖo�b�h�p*g�bg�t�mHlÀ��t�b�f k�}�b�f k�f�g<k�g&t�b~z:p*deg�g&tTp*g�g&t�bÝ|�yTpvf g&mHg<i ξ( � ) = ¶−� � ¸ π ��t�p�l¾p�n�kvy�q.hHb�}sb�p�f�m,f���mHf³g&t b���o�kvq#hHb�} m,f�| y�b�l�g�mHk f"���.m,o<l�g��¼mHg�m,lÊg�t�bxd*k�t b�o�b�f d*bÖhAb�f���g�t�g�t�p*g n�beg�b�o�}jm,f�b�l�g&t b�pv}��#h,mEg<y#n b�lµk{zug&t�b�¯>ÛÝk�l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk fTl�� � b*dek fTn½�.g&t�b�hHb�f ��g�t ξ � ( � ) = ¶− � ë ¸ π ��mHl�£�f�kv�jf´g<k�q�b g�t�b�hAb�f��Tg&t�g&tTp*gun�b*g<b�o<}�m,f b�l�g�t�b�l<��p*g�m,p�h¼l�d�p�hAb�k�zsg�t�b ��o�kv�#m,}�m�g<i�b�z:zFb*d*g��.�<fÊg�t�b�d*k�f�g<b*�Tg¾k zÉkvyTo>p�fTp�hHi�l�mClÉg�t�m,l }�b�p�f�l¾g&tTp*gsp*g¼g�t�b�g<b�}���b�o<p*g�yRo�b�� = � ∗ g�t�bj¯É��d*i�h�m,f��n�b�osq�b*d�p�}�b³d*k{}���hHbeg�bvhHi�l:y#� b�o:d*k�f�n�y�d*g�mCf��Ën y�b³g<k�g�t�b ��o�kv�#m,}�m�g<i���mHg&t¿l�yR� b�o:d*k�f�n�y�deg&m,f��7+¾q�d*k�p*g�m,f��"�¼l&m,f d*b p*gug�t�mHlug�b�}���b�o<p*g<y#o:b ξ � ( � ∗) = ¦ π �±�c¯¼lup�o:b�l�y#hAg��°g�t�b z�hHy���m,l�b*�#� bvhFhHb�n²z:o<k }�g�t�bµmHf�g<b�o<mHk�o�k�zsg�t b��jmCo:b��Õp�f�n g�t�b³d*i�h�mCf�n�b�o�d�p�f²f k�hHk{f���b�o�g�o�pv��g&t�b�z�hAy��Öm,f�g�t�b³¯É� d*k�o�b��ÀÆ"t�b�o:b�zFk�o:b g&t b d�o�k{l&l:k w b�o�k qTl�b�o�w b�n«m,f g�t�b ¯É� ),+�q�dei#h,mHfTn�b�o&l�}�p*i�q�b�dek�f�l&mHn�b�o:b�n~p�l�p�d*k{f�l:b�� | y�b�f�deb�k{z¨g�t b�d�o:k�l<l�kvw�b�o�mHf�g�t�bÀg�k�� k�hAk���i�k zÖg�t�b l�i�l:g<b�} p�lÌg&t�b�g<b�}j��b�o&p*g<y�o<bÚn�b*d�o:b�pvl:b�l�Ð�� t k�h8hHkv��� d*iTh,m,f�n b�o�l>�jmEg&t�p³z�hHy��xg&o&p���� b�n�mAf�l<mCn�b�g�t�b�f�k{o&}�p�hX¯É� d*k�o�b�ÄezFk�o�g<b�}�� b�o&p*g�yTo�b�lu� ��� ∗ Å×q�bed�p�}�b±d*k�}j�RhAb*g<b�hAil�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�deg&m,f ���jt�b�f � q�b*dek }�b�luhHb�l<l�g�t�p�f � ∗ p�f�nb*�R� b�h.g&t�bjz�hHy��xz:o:k�}�g&t bj¯É��dek�o�b�� � V��¾\�YT_ �H^2A�`�\ YIA Æ"t�b�k{o&mE�Tm,f�p�h½¯sÛËb�z:zFbed*g¾�jp�l¾zFk�o<}�y#h,p*g<b�n�mHf�¤1¥J¬T§°p�l p²�Tb�n�p�f�£ b�fÀb*�T� b�o&m,}sb�f�g�m,f �jt�mHd�t�g&t�bÖm,f�g�b�o�zFb�o�b�f d*b ��p�g<g<b�o<f�k�z½g<�sk�bvhHb*deg&o:k�f�lc}�kvwTmCf��×p�o�k�yTfTn�g&t b�l�k�hAb�f k�m,n m,f²g�t�b�p�qTl�b�f�d*b�k{z�px}�p1�Tf�b*g�mEdxz:m�bvh,nÖn�b�� b�f�nTl�k�f²g�t�b z�hHy��Ög�t�o:k y �Tt²g�t�bµl�k�hAb�f�k m,n �ÕÆ"t�mCl�g�t�bek o<b*g�mEd�p h¼��o�b�n�mHd�� g�m�k{f���p�l�l:k k{f�d*k�f�z:m,o�}�b�n�m,f�p�o:b�p�h°b*�T��b�o�m,}�b�f gjn�k�f�b q�i�;t�p�}�q�b�o&l²¤8ª@��§*�jÃ.p*g<b�o´k{f �Ïn�m,z:zFb�o�b�f�gx}jp�f�mHzFb�l�g&p�� g�m�k{f�l�k�z�g�t�b�¯sÛÞb�z:zFb*deg³mHf�l�kTh,mHnTlut�p*w b�q�b*b�f�l:g<y�nTmHb�n p�f�n�}jp�f�i¿b*�Tp�}���hHb�l´�sb�o�bËzFk�yTf�n�m,f��jt�mHd�t�w�pvo�mHkvy#l ��t�i�l�mEd�p h°��o�k � b�o�g&mHb�l>b*�Rt�mHqTmHgsk�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lspvlszFyTf�deg&mHk{f�l k�zÉg�t b³z�hHy�����mHg�t���b�o<mHk n Φ ë Äe}jp�f�ixo:b�zFb�o�b�f d*b�l>k{f´g�t�bl�y�q �<b*deg�d*k�f�g�pvmHfÖo�bew�mHb*� p�o�g&mKd�hHb�l�¤1¥#�r�8¥e®��3ª ¬#§�Å��c¯Ìg&t b�� k�o:iÖk�z�g&t�b�¯>ÛÌk{l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTl×k{z�g&t�bxz:o�b*b�b�f�b�oF��i�m,f�p }�beg&p�hro&m,f{�µp�f�nÊg�t�b�o:b�h�p�g<b�n³��o:k q#hHb�}Çk zcg&t b�� b�o&l�m,l�g<b�f g d*yTo&o:b�f�g&l¼m,f�l�y�d�t�l�i�l:g�b�}�l¾�jp�lsz:mHo&l:g>dek�f�l&mHn�b�o:b�n�mAf´g�t�b ��p�� b�os¤:¦ Ò�§¾Äel�bebjp�h,l�k�a°b�z1��ª�®umCf³g&tTmHlÉd*k�f�f�b*d*g�mHk f.żp�f�n �jp�l>h,p*g<b�o"��b�f b�o&p�h�m�Â�b�nÊg<k�g�t�bsd�p�l�b�k�z"l�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�d*g�mHf � o&mHf ��mCf�aÉb�z1�¾¥eÓ��.��t b�o�bu¯¾tTp�o�k f�k�wT�:Û"k�t�}~k{l�d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l k�z>g�t�b³g�o&p�f�l&mHg&mEk�fÎg<b�}j��b�o�p�g<y�o:b�� ° (Φ) t�p�w b³q�beb�f���o:b�� n�mKd*g<b�n ��Æ"t�b�g&t�b*k{o�b*g�mHd�p�h¼d*k�f�l&m,n b�o�p*g&mHk{fË��m�w�b�f�mAf¨g�t�m,l ��k o�£�n�bew�b�hHk{��l�zFyTo�g�t b�oÖg&t�bÀo�b�l:y#hHg�lÖk�zÎg�t�bÀ�Tp�� b�o&l ¤1¥eÓ#�K¦ Ò�§*� �#k{o>g�t�m,ls� yTo&� k l�b��#��b³t�p*w�bul�g<yTn�mHb�n´g�t�b³z:o:b*b ®��-È�� ×"î�â�á�ï�â�Î�Ö¼Û�à�ÛÃÚÂð�ñ�Û�â�Í Û�ì¼äbÏ�ÐûÐÓÎbô�Ï ÛÃà�ì�Û�õ.ôeâÂá�Í.ÎböÂà�ácô�Ï ÜdÎbô�Ï Û�à Û¢õjÎwìeôeÎväbÝ�Û´õ+â�ÛÂÐ�Ð�ÛÃý ìeß�÷¢ácÖ¼äbÛÃà¢Ô�ߢäcô�Ï à�öfäcç¢Ð¥Ï à�ÔÂábÖeì ú � � � (Φ� Φ � )ò�ìeácájË � ×�ò80J/�ócóÆÏ�àXßÂà¸Ï ôeì,Û¢õ.ôeâ�á � ßÂÎÃàÂô�Ï ô ç ú ( ë ) = ê ε� · � Φ ! ×�î�â�á à¢ß�Í.ácÖ�Ï�äcÎÃÐ�äcÎÃÐ�äbß�Ð�Îvô�Ï ÛÃà¢ì"ÛÂõ ú ��� � (Φ� Φ � ) Ï àÿåÊÏ�öÃìb×�èÂé   ð�èÃé ° ÎvÖeá.Ô¢ÛÃà�áõ�Û�Ö Ô�Ï�õ¥õ�ácÖeácà¢ô ÚÂÎÃÐ�ß�ácì Û´õ ô¼â¢á ÷ÂÎÃÖeÎbÍ.ácôeácÖdì   = ê π � ø ù� ( � ) � ε � éÄ = ν � π � ù� (� ) é ° = � πσ� ε � é Å = ê π∆� ε � é.Îvà¢Ô � µ � Ñ   = ë�× ë¿è�é Ä = ë�× ë¸èÃé ° = è�é Å = ë¿× ëví�é � µ � = èbëÃëÂë�ò�å�Ï ö�×�èÂé   ó��   = ë¿× ë�èÂé Ä = = ë¢× ë¸èÃé ° = èÂé �Õµ � = èvë�ë¿é Å = ë¸× ëví�ò¯å�Ï ö�×�è�é Ä ó��   = ë¢× ë¸èÃé Ä = ë¸× í-é ° = èÂé Å = ë�× í�é � µ � = ècëÂëÃë�ò¯å�Ï ö�×�èÂé ° óÃ× a W � .cb . W d è æ<è éMegf�è æ<éJè éHh�i%jlknm%jpoUerqts%o8ê�ëeì�ì*ìvê�ä�á<ëvu{êrf�å*w u10�0 b�f�b�o��Ti�k z³pÖl:g&p*d�£�k z³l:y#� b�o:d*k�f�n�y�deg&m,f��¿d*i#h,mAf�n b�o&l±mCf be��g<b�o<f�p�hX}�p���f�beg&mHdjz:mEbvh,nÊ�jmHg&t�m,fÊg�t b�}�mHd�o<k l�dek ��mHd�Û¾Í�� }�k�n b�h�p�f�n�tTp*w�b³d�p�hAd*y#h,p*g<b�n�p�f�p�hAi g�m�d�p�hFhAi�g�t�buk�l:d�mFhFh�p�� g<k�o:i³��p�o�gck z½g�t bsz:o<b*b¾b�f�b�oF�TiÊÄJl<b*b �"|½�TÄ ¥JÔTÅ�Å�� ��bstTp*w b p h,l:kËzFk�yTf�n�b*�#��h�m�d�mHgub*�T��o�b�l<l&mHk fTluzFk�o�g�t�b�¯sÛÀk�l:d�mFhFh�p�� g�mHk�f�l�k�z¼g&t�bÊd�o&mEg�m�d�p�h¾g<b�}���b�o�p*g<y#o:b�� ° (Φ) Äp�X| �°Ä&ª � Å�Å��g�t�bÝk l<d�mCh8h,p�g�k{o�i¡��p�o�g�k�z�g�t b�}jp1�Tf�beg&mEÂep*g�mHk�f Ä%�c|�l�� ÄJª�Ò�Å&­"Ä&ª�ÔTÅ�Å��³pvf�n�g�t b�l�yTl:d*b���g&mKq#mCh�m�g<i χ( � ) f b�pvoÎg�t b g�o&p�fTl�mHg�m�k{fÖg�b�}�� b�o<p�g�yTo:b²Ä%� |½�>ÄJ¬ � Å�Å���Æ"t b�k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g�k�o:in�b�� b�fTn b�f�deb�k�z³p�hFhjp*q�k w{b�|�yTpvf g&mHg�m�b�lÊk{f�g�t�b�z�hAy�� Φ�jmHg�t�g&t b³zFy#f�nTp�}�b�f g�p�h¾� b�o�mHk�n Φ ë l:g�b�}�l��Xm,f�g&t�b�hHk�f��o<y�f"��z:o�k�} g�t b��Tp*y �Tb¿mCf wTp�o<mCp�f�d*b�k�z�g&t b�g&t�b*k{o�iÀk z f�k fTl�m,}j�RhAi²dek�f�f�bed*g<b�nÖl:k�h,m,n�l��¾��f²k�yTou�Tp�o�g�mHd*y#h,pvo�d�p�l:b g�t�m,l¼z�hHyT��n�b�� b�fTn b�f�debup�����b�p�o�l�n�y�b�g<k�g�t�b³| yTp�l&m,��p�o�g�mH� dvhHb�b�f�b�oF�Ti��TmHw b�f~q�i �c|½��Ä�¥¹ª#Å��³Æ"t�b�o�b�l�y.hHg�l²k{z²p f�yT}�b�o<mHd�p�h�p�f�p�hAi�l�m,lsk{z>g&t b�l�buk l<d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lsm,lsl&t k �jfxmCf�rmA��l��½¥1­�ª½�TÆ"t b�l<bs�TmEd*g<y#o:b�l°n�b�}�k fTl�g�o&p*g<b�l:g&o�k{f��RhHi³f k�f�� l�mCf yTl�k{m,n�p�hÖk�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�m,f�� �Tp*g�g<b�o<f�l�zFk{oÇg�t�bÈzFy#f d*g�mHk fTl � ° (Φ) p�f�n � ÛÂìeä (Φ) mCf�g�t bÊd�p�l�b³k z�hAk��Ýg�b�}�� b�o�p*g�yTo�b�l pvf�n¡l�}jp�hFh�hAb*w bvh�q#o:k�p�n b�f�m,f��"�Ë� y�d�tÚf�k fTl�m,f�y�l:k�m,n�p�h qTb�t�p*wTmHk o�k�zsg�t�b�k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTlumCl�d�p*yTl�b�n�q�i�g�t�b�l<}�p�h8h n�b*d�o�b�p�l:b�k�zÖg�t�bÌt�pvo�}�k fTm�d p�}���h,mHg<y�n�b�l���mHg�t�g�t�b�m,o f�yT}�q�b�o � mHfÖg&tTmClud�p�l:b����:f�d�o:b�p�l&m,f���g�t b�g<b�}�� b�o�p�g�yTo:bpvf�n ν p�l´��b�h8hup�l ∆ n�p�}j��l´g�t�b¨p�}���h,mHg<y�n b�l´k�zÊg�t b tTp�o&}sk�f�mHd�lspvf�n�l&}�b�p�o<l>g&t�bul&m,f���y.h,p�o<m�g�mHb�lsm,f�g&t buk{l�d�mCh�� h�p�g�mEk�fÀ��p*g�g<b�o�f�l���}jp�£�m,f��Àg�t�b�}�dvhHk�l:bÖg<k¿l&m,f�bvh,m,£ b²k�o dek�l<mCf�b�h�mH£�bjmHf�l<t�p�� b��RÆ"t�b��Ïp�i±m,fÊ�jt�mHd�tÊg&t�bsd*i#h�mHf�n b�o�l pvo:b�l<g&p*d�£�b�n�m,f�g<kÀp�g<y�q�b¿p�h�l�kÀl�g�o�k�f��#hAi�pvz:zFb*deg&l�g�t b k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f���p*g�g<b�o&f�l�g&t�o�kvy �#t�g�t bÖz:p*deg�k�o a � k{z��X| �Äe¦#¥vÅ�� Æ"t�mCl³z:p�d*g<k o³m,f¨g<y#o<f�n�b���b�f�n�luk�fÖg&t b�l:g�p�d�£�m,f�� z:p�d*g<k{o!� � �RmEw�b�f�q�i7�c|½�¾Äe¦TÅÊp�fTnÖn b*g<b�o&}jmHf�b�n²q�i²g�t bn�b�f�l&mHg<i�k�z�l:g&p�g�b�l . (ε) o�b�h�p*g�b�n�g<k�b�hAb*deg&o:k�fÌ}�k g�mEk�f p�d�o:k�l<l�g�t�b±l�g�p*d�£ÖÄep�hHk{f���g�t�b±g�y�q�b Å�� Æ"t�b±n�b�� b�f�n�b�f�deb k�zÉg&t b�k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f���p�g<g�b�o�f�k f�g�t�but k�����m,f��xm,f�g<b1�To<p�h σqTb*g<�sb*b�f×dei�h,m,f�n�b�o�lcm,fupsl�g�p*d�£um,fups}�k n�b�hTn�b�l:d�o&mHq�b�n�q�i g�t�b�z:p�deg�k{oÊk�z��X|"�sÄ&ª.¥vÅ�m,lÊo&p*g�t�b�oÊl<k �Tt�m,l:g&mHd�p*g�b�n�p�f�n d�p�f³q�bjl�beb�f�z:o<k }Ìp�dek�}���p�o<m,l�k f³k�z^�.m3�#l*�R¦R� (�p�f�n�¦r� � �ÆXt�b�¯¼t�pvo�k�f�k{w�­½Ûck�t�} b�z:zFb*d*g±t�p�l³q�beb�f�k�qRl�b�o�w b�n¿o�b�� deb�f�g1hAium,f�d�m,o�deyrh�p�oÕd�p�o�qTk f³f�p�f�kvg�yTq�b�l¾¤Fª � §1�T�8gÕ�jp�lcp�h,l<kl�t�k{��f�g�t�p*gËl�g�o�yTd*g<y�o<p h�n�m,l�k o�n�b�o²b�z:zFbed*g�mHw b�hAi�qTo:b�pv£�l d�p�o:q�k�f³f�pvf k g<y�q�b�lÉm,f g�k�p�l<b�o<m�b�lÕk{z"d*i�h�mCf�n�b�o<l ÄJk{oÉn�kvg�l*Å l<b���p�o&p*g<b�n�q�i�g<yTf�f�b�h�m,f{�ÀqTp�o&o<mHb�o<l��ÏÆ"t b²g�o&p�f�l<}�m,l<l&mEk�f �To�k{q�p*qTmFh,mHg<i�q�beg���beb�f�g�t�budei�h,m,fTn�b�o&l>�jp�l>b�l�g&m,}�p�g�b�n´g<k wTp�o�iu�Ïm�g�t�mAfÊg&t b�h�m,}�mHg�l � � �&� ¥e­ � �F¥Ï¤:ªr¥v§J�TÆ"t yTlÉf�p�f�k�g<yT�qTb�lsp�ls��b�h8h°p�l>d*k�p*g�b�n´�jm,o�b�lsp�o:b���k k{n´d�p�f�nTmHn�p*g<b�lszFk�o g�t�b���t i�l�m�d�p�h#o<b�p�h,mHÂep*g�m�k{fuk�z½g�t�b�}�k{n�b�hRpvn�k���g<b�n³m,f×g�t�m,l �Tp�� b�o�� Û"b�mCf �x|�yTp�f�g�yT}~m,fxf�p�g<y�o:b��.g�t bu¯>Û�k�l:d�mFh8h,p*g�m�k�f�l¼k z g�t�bud�o�mHg�mHd�p�hcg<b�}���b�o�p*g<y#o:b³� ° (Φ) wTp�f�mCl�t´b*�T��k f�b�f g&m,p�h8hHi �jt�b�f!�Àm,l°mCf d�o�b�p�l:b�nug�k�wTp�hHy�b�lÕk{z½g&t�b>k{o&n b�ock z.g&t�b�Á�à dek�t b�o�b�f d*bÊhAb�f��Tg&t½� �#yRo�g�t�b�o>mHf�d�o:b�pvl�bjk zg� o�b�l�y#hHg�l¼mCf�p nTm,}Ïb�f�l<mHk�f�p�h�d�o:k�l�l<k�w�b�o±z:o�k�}¡g&t b�¯¼ÛÌk�l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk�f�lÊg<k g�t�b�Ã.mHg�gJhHb�­½Ñ"p�o�£�lck f�b�l*��ÆXt�b�Ã"Ñ�k l<d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lct�p*w b�t�p�h�z p�l×h�p�o���b±p�� b�o&mHk{n²mAfÎg�t b�z�hAy��"� Φ­ = Φ ë ¸ ¦r�cp�f�n�t�p�w bg�t�bjl&t�p���b�k�z°��b�o&mHk nTmEdu��p�o&p*q�k�h�p�lÏÄel:b*b �X| �.ÄJª&�TÅ�Å��#ÆXt�b Ã"Ñ k l�d�mFhFh,p*g�mHk fTl g�pv£�bÙ��h,p�d*b m,f g�t�b Á�à o:b1�RmH}�b� ≥ ξ ��� ( � ) ��m,f²�jt�m�d�t²g�t�bx| y�p�f�g�yT}¡l<m�ÂJb�b�z:zFb*deg&lupvo�b m,o�o<b�hHbew�pvf�g¨p�f�nÝ|�yTp�f�g<yT} ¯sÛ¡k{l�d�m,hFh,p�g�mEk�f�lÖp�o�b¢l�yT��� ��o�b�l<l�b�nX��Æ"t b�ÃcÑ¿k l<d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l�pvo<mCl:bxn y�b�g<k�be��g<b�o<f�p�h,� z:mHb�h�n��8m,f�n y�d*b�nÚk{l�d�m,hFh,p�g�mEk�f�l�k�zÖg&t�bÌl�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�d*g�mHf � d*yTo&o:b�f�gsk{z g�t b�ÍÉkvk�� b�os�Tp�m,o�lspvo:k yTf�n�p³t k�hFhAk��ÈmHf�g�t�b d*iTh,m,f�n b�o��°��mHf�debug&t�b�ÍÉk k{� b�o���p�m,o<lsd�p�o&o:i�n�k�y�q½hAbub�hAb*d�� g�o�k fTmEd�d�tTp�o���b��Tg�t b���b�o<mHk n�k{zÕg�t�b�l�b�k l<d�mCh8h,p�g&mEk�f�l¼mHf�g�t�b z�hHy��Öq�bed*k�}�b�l�tTp�h,z�pvl×h,p�o:��b�p�luzFk{o�g&t b�|�y�p�f�g�yT}�¯¼Û k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l*�L��b�p�h�l�k�zFkvyTf�n�g�t�p*g�f�b�p�o¾g�t�b�g�o<p�f�l&mEg�mHk�f g<b�}�� b�o&p*g�yTo�bug�t b³}�p1�Tf�b*g�mHd³l�yTl�deb�� g&mHqTmFh,mHg<i χ( � ) k�z¾g�t�b l�yT� b�o�dek fTn y�deg&m,f �Údei�h,m,f�n�b�o�mCl���m�w{b�fÚq�i �X| ��ÄJ¬ � Å���jt�m�d�t �Tg�t�o:k y �Tt´g�t buz:p*d*g<k�o¾k z,� |½�½ÄJ¬.¥vÅ��rn�mHl&��h�p*i�l¾g�t�b f�k{f�g�o<m�w�mCp�h�b*�T��k{f�b�f�g�m,p�h¾g<b�}���b�o�p*g<y#o:b�n b�� b�fTn b�f�debÊk{q�� l�b�o�w�b�n�mHf�¯É� )�+¾q±��m,o:b�l�¤*¥JÔ�§J� �<f�d*k{f�dvhHyTl&mEk�fX����b���k�y.h,nÇh,mA£�b�g<k�l<g&o:b�l&l�i beg�pvf�� k g�t b�o�m,}�� k o<g&p�f�g�� k�m,f�g�k{z²kvy�oÖdek�f�l&m,n�b�o&p*g�m�k{f �±ÆXt�b ��t�i�l�mEd�l�q�b�t�m,f�n�g�t�bµ|�yRp�f g�yR} ¯sÛ�k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk�f�l�m,f²l<y�� � b�o�dek fTn y�d*g<k{o&l���m,fÖb�l<l�b�f deb��¼mAl×w�b�o:i�}sy�d�tÖl&mH}jmFh,p�oug�k g�t�p*g��jt�mHd�t ��k w b�o�f�l�g�t b�n ��w{¯ k�l�d�m�h8h,p*g�mHk fTl�m,fÇg�t�b w�k o<g�be�¡l�g�p*g<b����:f l&��m�g<b�k�zÖg�t�bÌz:p*deg�g&t�p�g�g�t b�¯¼Û k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l¿p�o�b�� b�o&mHk nTmEdÌm,f g�t bÌn�m,o�bed*g�z:mHbvh,n½��g�t�b n�p�}j��mCf��¨z:p�deg�k{o&l Ψ� p�fTn a � b�f�g�b�o�m,f�� �c|½�¼Ä�¥eÔ�ųpvo�bp�£�mAfµg<k³g&t bjp�����o:k���o&mHp�g�bjz:p*d*g<k{o&l¾m,fµg�t bjn ��w ¯¿k�l�d�mFhFh,p�� g�m�k{f�lËmCf�l:yT��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g<k o�l�¤<¦K��§J���#k�o²be�#p�}���hAb��³g�t�b z:p*d*g<k�o Ψ� n�beg�b�o�}jm,f�b�n´q�i��X|X�XÄe¦&��Å��Xp�zFg�b�o g�t�b�l�yTq�l:g�mC�g<y�g�mHk�f ε ë = ¶−Ω ��q�b*d*k{}�b�lÉm,n b�f�g&mHd�p�hTg<k�g�t�bÏp�����o�k{��o<m,p*g�b z:p*d*g<k�oÝmHf�g�t�b nI��w{¯ k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l~n b�l�d�o<mHq�m,f�� g�t�b n�p�}j��mCf��xk{z g�t b � g&txp�}���h,mHg<yTn�bun�y�b�g<k�g&t b³l:yT��b�o:d*k�f��n�y�deg&m,f��Ì�Tp�� ∆( ( ) �±�FgËm,lÖm,}���k l�l�mHq#hHb¿g�kÌl�mHf��#hAb�k y�g b*�R� b�o<mC}�b�f g�p�h8hHi�g&t�b¾d*k�f g�o&mHq�y�g�mHk f�k�z ∆ g<k�g�t bsn�pv}���mHf � k�z½g�t b�nI��w�¯Ök l<d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�lcm,fÊl:y#� b�o:d*k�f�n�y�d*g<k�o�lcq�b*d�p*yRl�b k�zÊg�t�b¨l���p�g&mHp h�}�k�n y#h,p�g&mKk�f k�zÊg&t�b²k�o�n�b�o���p�o&p�}�b*g<b�o ∆( [ ) d�p*yTl�b�n´q�i�g&t buw k�o�g�mHd*b�lj¤:¦ Ó�§1� ��m,f�debug&t b�o�bup�o�b�f�k w�k o<g&mEdeb�ljmHfÎg�t bʯsÛ¢l�i�l:g<b�}�y�f�n�b�osd*k{f�l<m,n�b�o<p*g�m�k�fX�Xg�t�b d*k�}��Tp�o�p�g�mEw�bsb*�R��b�o�m,}�b�f g&p h.l:g�yRn�m�b�lÉk z"g�t�b�nTp�}���m,f���k{z g�t�b�¯sÛ p�f�n n'��w�¯Ük{l�d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l�d�pvf��To�k w�mCn bÌg�t�b m,f�zFk�o�}jp*g&mHk�fxf b*d*b�l&l<p�o�ixzFk osl<b���p�o&p*g�m�k{f´k�zÉg&t�b ��w�k{o�g<b*� }�p*g<g<b�o ��dek f�g&o<mHq�y�g�mEk�f²g<k�g�t�b�n�pv}���mHf ��k�zsg&t b�nL��w ¯ k�l:d�mFhFh�p*g&mHk{f�l¼m,f´l:yT��b�o�dek�f�n�y�d*g<k o�l>m,f�g&t b�}�mH�Tb�n�l�g�p*g<b�� � _��TYT\�� � <�]E=@D <�Y�ZHA Æ"t�b�o:b�l�y#hHg�l"k�z#g&tTmCl"��k{o&£ut�p*w�b¼q�b*b�fun�mHl�deyTl&l�b�n��jm�g�t }�iuyTf�g&m,}sb�hAi�n b*deb�p�l�b�nÊz:o�m�b�f�nׯshAb*�#p�f�n�b�o>� b�}sb�f�kvwTmHd�t a°k�Âet�p*w�l&£ i½�sg<k��jt�k{} �³��k�y#h�n h�mH£�b�g<k�b*�#��o�b�l�l�}�i n�beb�� b�l:g±zFb*b�h�m,f{��l×k�zs�Ro�p*g�mHg�yTn�b��¼���sk{yrh�n�p�h,l�kÖh�mC£ bxg�k g�t�p�f�£ �<h��3i�p �¼o&mKw�b zFk o¿t�b�h���zFyrh�d*k�}�}�b�f�g�l�k{f�g�t�b }�p�f�yTl�d�o&m,��g¼pvf�n�zFk�o yTl:b�zFy.h½dek�f w�b�o<l&p*g&mHk{f�l*� u10�u d è æ<è é�e f�è æ<éJè é>h i%jpk m%jpo e>qts%oFê<ëeì�ì*ì�êFä�á<ëvu ê>f�å w èÃ×��¸×"ØX×"Ù"ÛÃÖeÔ�Û�à�é�ï�×"ØX×"Ù"ÛÂÐ�Ô�Í.Îbà�é�Îbà�Ô��¸×�Ø�Îv÷¢ìbé ©«ª�¬¢­¯ÈR����¶ÂÈ � �ãe£�×��&(�é�êÂê��¢ë�ò�èF������ób×ê¸×�ï.׺Ù�ácÖdæÂábÖ+Îbà�Ô�Ù ×É2.ácß�äcâ¢ácÖÃé ©«ªv¬�­¯ÈÉ�.�b¶¢È � �ãe£ ×°(&%�éºècí��ÂíòÃè:�&�¢ë�ó�×0¸× )×�ã.×.��â�ábÎjÎvà¢Ô�Ø^×»î³Ï à�Ý�âÂÎÃÍ�é ©«ªv¬�­¯È½����¶�È � �£¼£ ×#$��¸é"êJ0Ãê �òÃè:�&�e/�ó�× � ×�Ò,×�ÒÕ×«Ø Û�ì¼â¢äcâ�Î�ÐÓÝ¢ÛÃÚ�é#��×�Ù«Ï ábÔ�ß'é½!�×#�Âô¼Öeߢà�Ý�é"ã.×���ÛÂà�äbÝÂâ�ácábÖeáÂé ,×���߸ϥéÕ!�×"Ò"ÎÃà� .ÎvácìeábàÂÔ�ÛÃà¢äcÝ�é�Îbà�Ô��.×�ñ�ÖdßÃç¢à�ìeácÖeÎÃácÔ�áÂé �  �� £��¸¡¼��� $ � é�0Êè8�ºò�èF�J�Ãí¸óÃ× í¸×¼!"×¾�Âô¼Öeߢà�Ý�é,ÒÕ×�ñ�Öeß�ç¢à�ÔÂÛÂäcü�éÕÒÕ×,ÒÕ×�Ø�ÛÃìeâ�äcâ�Î�Ð�Ý�ÛÃÚ�é¾!�×#Ò"ÎÃà .ÎÃácìeácà�Ô�Û�à�äcÝ�éÕÎbà�Ô��Õ×,ñ�Öeß�çÂà¢ì¼ácÖ�ÎvácÔ¢áÂé�� _ �b°bªÂÈ���È#©»ª�¬Â­�×c%1(-é êJ0&0e/ òÃè8�1���-ó��jÒÕ×+ñ�ÖdßÃç¢à�Ô¢ÛÃäcü�éu!�×���ôeÖeß�àÂÝ�éjÒÕ×TÒÕ×^غÛÂìeâÂÌ ävâÂÎÂÐ�Ý�Û�ÚÊé�!�×�Ò�Îbà� .ÎbácìeávàÂÔ�Û�à�äcÝ�é�Î�à�Ô �Õ×\ñ�Ö¼ßÂçÂà�ìeácÖ�ÎvácÔ¢áÂé � _ �v°bªÂÈ���È¿©«ª´¬Â­ ×�%&(�é�êJ0&0J�ºò�èF�J����ób× ��×¼!"×>!«×,ï�æ¸Ï�Ð¥Ï Û¸é° "×,ñ�ߢô¼Îbà�Ô'é#î�×�åÊÛÃß�Öeà-Ï ávÖbé�ñ�×° ÊÎvà¢à�ácô�Ï ácÖÃé��-× Ò.Ï Ô¢ÎÃÐeé.��×��ÂácÔ¢ácì¼Ý¢Û¸é"Îvà¢Ôgñ�×#2.Î�ÐÓÜcÛ�ô¼ôûÛÊé ©�ªv¬Â­cȽ����¶ÂÈ � �£e£ ×"! � éí�ècëÃêºò�èF�J�&�¸ób×/�×$#w×,ï�×¾��Ï ôeô�ÐÓágÎbà�Ô�ã.×¾2,×� ³ÎbÖeÝ�ìbé#©«ª´¬Â­¯È ���b¶�È � �ãe£�×%��éÉ�òÃè:���Ãê�ó�× �¸×�ã.×� XÙ�Ö�ÛÂõ¥õ�ÎÃàÂÔÿã�×v2)×� ÊÎÃÖeÝ�ìbé�©»ªv¬�­¯È�����¶¿×'&<$&(¸é¸í(�&/)òÃèF�(�)�¸ó�×�¸×v��׿ï«ÐÓácü¢Îvà¢Ô�ácÖbé ©«ª�¬¢­¯È��.�b¶¢È+* )J$¸é�ècí � è#ò�èF���&0¸ób×èbë�×��Êׯï"Ð�ácü�Îbà�Ô�ácÖgÎbà�ÔsË»×, .Î�Ð�ácڢϥé ��Ⱥ©�ªv¬Â­.-c©� �¡�®Ó­0/ %1%-é1�ÂëÃí òÃè:���J0�ó�× èÂèÃ×v �×�Ù�׸Ô�á�Ù"ácà�àÂábìvé2��È{��È43"°c ÂÅ�·�°b®�È�)��1)-é��ÆòÃè8�5�-è´ó�× ècê¸×¸ÒÕ×�Ø+׸Ò�Ï à�Û�Ý�ß�Öbé��46 ø ©³(&(�é�èF���ºòbè:���e/�ó�× è:0¸×.��×.��×.�Ââ�ÛÃâ¢à`Îbà�Ô Ø+×"î�Ï à�Ý¢âÂÎÃÍ)é ©«ª�¬¢­¯ÈX����¶ÂÈ�* %e$��e/ � ®¥Äî�Å × * %J$¸é*�(�&/�ò�è:�&�J0�ó�× è � ×��Õ×�ï�â�ÎbÖeÛÃà�ÛÃÚ)Îbà�Ô¼2)׸ñ�ÛÃâ�Í�é ©«ªv¬�­¯È����b¶ ×2&5&0�Êé � �ÂíÆòbè���í1�¢óÃ×ècí¸×�ï.×�ÙÕ×Êï�ÖdÛ�à�ÛÃÚÆÎvà¢Ô7�.×{��× �Ââ�ÎbÖdÚ¢Ï à�é ���öÂÈ ú §ÃÅ�ȳ©«ªÃ¬�­¯È ����é /víÂí òÃè:���e/�ó�× è8��×.�b×»ÒÕ× 9"Ö�Ï Ú�ájÎbà�ÔXï�×½��×�ã�Û�Ü�â�ÎbÚÂì¼ÝÂç�é;:�¦�£ûÈ<��È ú §ÃÅ�È�©«ª�¬¢­�×r(-é ècêÃíÂíºò�èF�J�Ãê¸ób× è</�× !�×1��×���Î�à�ö�é ����¶�È ú §ÃÅ�ÈÊ©"ªv¬¢­ × � %-é+�<� � òÃè8�4�bê¿ób×è=�¸×�Ë�×r��×�ñ�Û�ö�Îbäcâ�ácÝ'é.ÙÕ×"ï.×.Ù�ÛÂöÃÎ�Ô�ÜcáÂé"Îbà�Ô±�c×?>�× 9"߸Ð�Ï Ý�é�©�ªv¬Â­¯È ·�£� ¸£��í�·Ê§ X ®�Å'®@-�Ä�/ (*$¢é¿ê��*/)òÃè8�*/bí¿ób× è:�¸×gã.×XåÊÖeÎÃìeìeÎvà-Ï ôeÛ¸é³ �×XÒ�Ï ì¼Î�à�ÏeégØ+×��«Ï Ô�ácÖdÛ�ì¼ôbé+ï�×�!"×gØ�ÛÃôeÎ�é �×���Í.ábÏ�æ¢ÏÓÔ¢ÐdéA9#×���ý.Ï ácôeäc΢é7#w×,#`ácà¢Ô�Ð�ácÖvéÆÎÃàÂÔ�å�×� ÊÛÃæ�ábÐûмé � _ �b°bªÂÈ4��ÈÊ©"ªv¬¢­ ×e%1(-é¿êJ0¸è</)òbè����4�ÂóÃ× ê¢ë�×ÊÒÕ×'ØX׳٫Ú�Û�ÜdÔ¸Ï Ý¢ÛÃÚ�éÊ·�§Â¶Âȳ©«ªv¬�­¯È�·¸§ X ®�Åj·�£� ¸£��Õ)J(¸é�èdí(�Ãëºò�è���� � ó��®ûÄî�Å ×�)�!�é�è:/&�ºòbè:���(��ó�× ê�èÃ׸ÒÕ׸ØX×�Ù�ÚÂÛÃÜcÔ¢Ï�Ý�ÛÂÚ�é ® _ È � ® _ µÂÈ ø �ä��-ÈB&0!Êé'è�è�ê5�ÆòÃè8�1��ê¿ób×êÂê¸×4��×�ã.×v��äcâ�Ö�Ï ábõ¥õ�ábÖbé ø ª´�b§�¡ ¬ÿ§v¨"·2���¢�b¡¼°c§´¦´Å2�°ãû®¥¶Â®¼£�¬�é���ÎvߢÝ�Î-éÊØ�ÛÃìeÌ äcÛÂýwò�èF�e/Ãë�ó�× êJ0¸×��-×)ñ�ÎbÖeÔ¸Ï à'é)ã.×%9"ß�Í�Í.ábÐdéÕï.×)Ë�×C�ÃÎÃäcÛ�æ�ìbé,Îbà�Ô���×#î�ácý�ÛÃÖeÔ�ôbé ©«ªÃ¬�­¯È�����¶ ×'&=!e$�é¸íÃí(�)òÃèF�(���¸ób× ê � ×c�c×c��×,Ù�Ö�ÎvÔ¢ìeâ�ôeábÏ�à�ÎÃàÂÔx�c×ÕØ ×Õã�ç¢Üdâ¸Ï Ý'é ø  ¢Ä X ��­ÿ§v¨,:�¦¿£�� ��¡e  X ­�±·2�¢¤«­�±Æ·Ê��¡d®��c­d±Æ Â¦ÂÅw©"¡e§ÃÅ���°Ã£�­ é"��Îbß�Ý¢Î�é�Ø�ÛÃìeävÛ�ý ò�èF�e/�èÃóXòcÏ à ã�ߢìeìdÏ ÎbàÊó�× êÂí¸×�ÒÕ×�ØX×�Ù"ÚÂÛÃÜdÔ-Ï Ý�ÛÃÚÆÎÃàÂÔjØX×ÊÒ�×�Ù�ÚÂÛ�Ü�Ô¸Ï Ý¢ÛÃÚÂÎ�é ©«ªv¬�­¯È�����¶ × * ��!�é �e/�è8�)òbè����5�¢óÃ× ê(��×"ÒÕ×"ØX×.Ù�ÚÂÛÃÜcÔ¢Ï�Ý�ÛÂÚ^Îvà¢ÔgË»×�غÎ�à�à-Ï à�ácà'é ® _ È � ® _ µÂÈ ø ��¤«�-È (�éèÂèF0��Æòbè�����ëÂóÕ� ·�§Â¶ÂÈ��ÊÈ � §�D ø ��¤«�-È¿©»ª�¬Â­ ×�(¸é¸íÂíÃêºò�èF���Âë�ó���×êe/�×v�c×+>�×+9"߸Ð�Ï Ý�é��46 ø © � �ãe£¥ÈE&�&¢é¸êJ/Ãíºòbè:�J/Âë�ó�×ê��¸×"î�×E��׫ñ�×E�ÃÎ�à�ìeìeábàÊé���× .ÎvÖ�ÖdÏ ìeÛÃà'é.��×"ØX×F �çÂÔ¢ácà�é. �×�غábácìeÛÃà�é Îbà�ÔÆØX×v��÷¢Ö�Ï à�ö¢õ�ÛÃÖeÔ�é�©«ªv¬�­¯È����b¶Ê× * �¹$¿é'è�è0�¹���ºò�è����5�¢óÃ× êJ�¸×�î"×�ØÆÎÃà¢ÏÓÚ�é�ÒÕ×���×"GÊâÂß�ÖeÎÃÚ¢ÐÓácÚ�éT�v×T2,×�Ò�ÎböÂà�ábÖbé�Îbà�Ô� �×�# ç¢ÔÂávÖbé ��ÈE��ªÃ�b¤�È�·�§ X ®�Å¿­ �5�-é³ò�èF�J���¸ó�×0¢ë�×4�¸×�ã�ÛÂÐ�Ð�æÂß�â-ÐÓácÖ"Î�à�ÔÆï.×¢ï.×'>�Ô¸Ï à�ôûì¼ÛÂÚ�é � ø � �,©«¡e§Ã°c�c�vÅ�®û¦��¢­�± � ø � � ���°�CH ú ±��¢ ´�¢��¡ � ¾cÀ�½¿¾¯½ÃÈÊ�¢Å¿¨�òbè����1�¢óÃ×0�èÃ×� �×{��×�غä)Ë�ߢácà�é�ØX×'ñ�ÛÃäbÝÂÖdÎbô¼â�é�2)×' )×�!�ÛÃæ�Ô¢ácâ�é+�Õ×�ÙÕ×+�"Û�ÛÃà�é Îbà�Ô¼��×�ÙÕ×��ÊÛÂÏ�ìbé ©�ªv¬Â­¯È����öÂÈ � ��£e£ ×4! � é¸íÂë&���ºò�è:�&�J��ó�×0Âê¸×v��×v �×�Ù�ÛÃÖ& Ý�Û�ÚÊé4I�ªÂÈ+6«µv­¼�-È ø �c§Â¡�È ® _ È � (¸é�èF��èJ�ÆòÃè:�ÃíJ��ó�×0J0¸×< )×"å�×.!�â�ácߢà�ö�éE��×�Ù"ábõ�ácà'é"Ë"×E9Õ×"ã�ábÏ Ô�ábÐ�é�Îvà¢ÔK#z×< )×#��â-Ï â�é ©«ªÃ¬�­¯È�����¶ × *"� $¸é+��ë´í´ë�ò�èF�����¸óÃ×0 � ×�ï�×�ï�×EG¸ÚÃç�Îbö¢Ï à+ÎÃàÂÔ��v×�ÒÕ×E9"ÖcÏ ÚÂáÂé ® _ È � ® _ µÂÈ ø �ä�� ×�)�&ÂéB�)�e/ò�èF�J�Ãí¸ó�×0Âí¸×�ã�×�Ù�×�!�âÂÎÃÍ�æ�ábÖeìbé-©«ªv¬�­¯È����b¶�È � �£e£�×4��é�0Æòbè:���Âë�óÃ×0(��×�Ø ×�ñ�ßÂôeô�Ï Ý�ácÖbéE��×��¥Í.Öeç�é�Î�à�Ôrã.×��ÊÎbà�Ô�Îbß�ácÖbé ©�ªv¬Â­¯È � �£¼£ ×'L<�&(�é0(�víÆòÃè8�5��0¿ó�× a W � .cb . W d è æ<è éMegf�è æ<éJè éHh�i%jlknm%jpoUerqts%o8ê�ëeì�ì*ìvê�ä�á<ëvu{êrf�å*w u10vw