Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs
The paper provides a brief description of the Real-time On-line Decision Support system (RODOS) and MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) computer code and evaluates the application of these codes for assessment of radiation impact on the public and environment in case of a severe accident...
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| Zitieren: | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs / V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, Ia. Bielov // Ядерна та радіаційна безпека. — 2017. — № 1. — С. 56-61. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Bogorad, V. Lytvynska, T. Bielov, Ia. |
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| citation_txt | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs / V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, Ia. Bielov // Ядерна та радіаційна безпека. — 2017. — № 1. — С. 56-61. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. |
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| container_title | Ядерна та радіаційна безпека |
| description | The paper provides a brief description of the Real-time On-line Decision Support system (RODOS) and MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) computer code and evaluates the application of these codes for assessment of radiation impact on the public and environment in case of a severe accident at NPPs in real time mode. The results of calculations performed using RODOS, WinMACCS and HotSpot codes are compared. In the framework of research, the chosen comparative criteria were assessed: total effective dose, thyroid equivalent dose, skin equivalent dose, I-131 and Cs-137 ground concentration at different distances up to 50 kilometers from the point of release.
Наведено стислий опис Європейської системи прогнозу радіаційних наслідків у режимі реального часу RODOS та розрахункового коду MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS), розглянуто можливість застосування цих кодів для оцінки впливу радіаційного опромінення на населення та навколишнє середовище в умовах тяжкої аварії на АЕС у режимі реального часу. Виконано порівняльний аналіз результатів розрахунків, проведених з використанням кодів RODOS, WinMACCS та HotSpot. У рамках дослідження для розгляду обрано такі критерії: ефективна доза опромінення, еквівалентні дози опромінення щитоподібної залози та шкіри, поверхневі концентрації радіонуклідів I-131 та Cs-137 на відстанях до 50 км від джерела викиду
Приведены краткое описание Европейской системы прогноза радиационных последствий в режиме реального времени RODOS и расчетного кода MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS), рассмотрена возможность применения этих кодов для оценки влияния радиационного облучения на население и окружающую среду в условиях тяжелой аварии на АЭС в режиме реального времени. Выполнен сравнительный анализ результатов расчетов, проведенных с использованием кодов RODOS, WinMACCS и HotSpot. В рамках исследования для рассмотрения выбраны следующие критерии: эффективная доза облучения, эквивалентные дозы облучения щитовидной железы и кожи, поверхностные концентрации радионуклидов I-131 и Cs-137 на расстояниях до 50 км от источника выброса
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:49:50Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
56 ISSN 2073-6231. ßäåðíà òà ðàä³àö³éíà áåçïåêà 1(73).2017
UDC 621.039.58:004.9
V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, Ia. Bielov
State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation
Safety, Kyiv, Ukraine
Comparative analysis
of calculation possibilities
of MACCS and RODOS
computer codes for tasks
of emergency response
and analysis of radiation
consequences of severe
accidents at NPPs
The paper provides a brief description of the Real-time On-line Decision
Support system (RODOS) and MELCOR Accident Consequence Code
System (MACCS) computer code and evaluates the application of these
codes for assessment of radiation impact on the public and environment
in case of a severe accident at NPPs in real time mode. The results of cal-
culations performed using RODOS, WinMACCS and HotSpot codes are
compared. In the framework of research, the chosen comparative criteria
were assessed: total effective dose, thyroid equivalent dose, skin equiva-
lent dose, I-131 and Cs-137 ground concentration at different distances up
to 50 kilometers from the point of release.
K e y w o r d s: radiation consequences, MACCS, RODOS, emergency
response, severe accident at NPP
В. І. Богорад, Т. В. Литвинська, Я. Ю. Бєлов
Порівняльний аналіз розрахункових можливостей
комп’ютерних кодів MACCS та RODOS у застосуванні
для задач аварійного реагування та аналізу
радіаційних наслідків важких аварій на АЕС
Наведено стислий опис Європейської системи прогнозу радіа-
ційних наслідків у режимі реального часу RODOS та розрахункового
коду MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS), розгляну-
то можливість застосування цих кодів для оцінки впливу радіаційного
опромінення на населення та навколишнє середовище в умовах тяжкої
аварії на АЕС у режимі реального часу. Виконано порівняльний аналіз
результатів розрахунків, проведених з використанням кодів RODOS,
WinMACCS та HotSpot. У рамках дослідження для розгляду обрано такі
критерії: ефективна доза опромінення, еквівалентні дози опромінення
щитоподібної залози та шкіри, поверхневі концентрації радіонуклідів
I-131 та Cs-137 на відстанях до 50 км від джерела викиду.
К л ю ч о в і с л о в а : радіаційні наслідки, MACCS, RODOS, аварійне
реагування, тяжка аварія на АЕС.
© V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, I. Bielov, 2017
In order to improve the NPP safety, significant scientific and
research resources are involved to expand the software base for
evaluation of radiation consequences in case of a severe accident
at NPP. For such purposes, many computer codes are widely used,
such as COSYMA [1], HAVAR [2], PACE [3], HotSpot [4], etc.
In recent years, there is the need for application of the existing
computer codes for estimation of radiation consequences in real
time. One of these codes, WinMACCS (MELCOR Accident
Consequence Code System) [5], the product of Sandia National
Laboratory (USA), has being used in SSTC NRS [6] since
2015 for the prognostic conservative estimates. The application
of this computer code for real time calculations has not been
studied very well. The objective of this work is to evaluate
the possibilities of WinMACCS in the activities related
to emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences
of severe accidents on NPPs in comparison with European
Real-time On-line Decision Support system (RODOS) [7].
Description of RODOS. RODOS is a Real-time On-line
Decision Support system for off-site emergency management
in case of a radiological release.
Models and databases can be customized to different site
and plant characteristics and to the geographical, climatic and
environmental variations. RODOS performs its calculation either
with incoming online meteorological data and prognosticated
meteorological fields or user defined meteorological information.
All inputs and outputs of RODOS are provided via a graphical
user interface [8].
After the input of initial meteorological data and release
data, in conjunction with the RODOS database, the rapid
assessment of radiation consequences is provided. The main
goal is to determine the necessary countermeasures and their
scope.
There are three dispersion models in RODOS:
RIMPUFF (Risø Mesoscale PUFF model) is a Lagrangian
mesoscale atmospheric dispersion puff model designed
for calculating the concentration and doses resulting from
the dispersion of airborne materials. The model can cope well with
the in-stationary and inhomogeneous meteorological situations,
which are often of interest in connection with calculations used
to estimate the consequences of short-term (accidental) release
of airborne materials to the atmosphere (Fig. 1).
The model applies both to homogeneous and inhomogeneous
terrains with moderate topography on a horizontal scale
of up to 50 km, and responds to changing (in-stationary)
meteorological conditions. It can simulate the time changing
releases (emissions) of airborne materials by sequentially
releasing a series of Gaussian shaped puffs at a fixed rate
on a specified grid. The amount of airborne materials allocated
to individual puffs equals the release rate times the time elapsed
between puff releases [9].
ATSTEP is a Gaussian puff model for distances up to 50 km.
ATSTEP can calculate real-time diagnoses of the radiological
situation during or after a release and dispersion prognoses for
24 hours. The radiological situation is described by the following
results calculated with ATSTEP: the concentration in the air near
ground (instantaneous and time-integrated), the contamination
of ground surface (dry and wet), and the gamma radiation from
ground and from the radioactive cloud (Fig. 2). These results are
presented as time dependent, nuclide specific fields in the whole
calculation area in the environment of the release source.
The following phenomena are considered in the modelling
of atmospheric dispersion and the radiological situation
in ATSTEP: time dependent meteorology (meteorological tower
or SODAR data, forecast data, inhomogeneous wind fields),
time dependent nuclide-group specific release rates, thermal
energy and rise of the puffs released, dry and wet deposition
ISSN 2073-6231. ßäåðíà òà ðàä³àö³éíà áåçïåêà 1(73).2017 57
Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response
and corresponding depletion of the cloud, gamma radiation
from cloud and from ground, radioactive decay, and potential
doses.
As distinct from classic puff models (RIMPUFF), no
instantaneous puffs but time-integrated elongated puffs
are released in ATSTEP, similar to the plume sections
of a segmented Gaussian plume model. As distinct from
a segmented plume model, in ATSTEP the transport of each
elongated puff is achieved by two trajectories, which are fixed
at both ends of the puff. As these pairs of trajectories follow
the inhomogeneous and variable 2D-wind fields step by step,
also the elongated puffs perform all the necessary changes
in position, shape, and orientation, like stretching, rotations,
shrinking, and sideways drift [10].
DIPCOT model (DIsPersion over COmplex Terrain)
is a computer code, which simulates the dispersion of air
pollutants over complex terrain. The model has the ability
to simulate atmospheric dispersion in both homogeneous and
inhomogeneous conditions based on a Lagrangian particle
model scheme. The mass of the pollutants is distributed
to a certain number of fictitious puffs or particles that are
displaced in the computational domain according to the wind
velocity to which a random component is added to account for
turbulent diffusion (Fig. 3).
DIPCOT uses topographical and meteorological
information given on a 3D grid and is capable of simulating
dispersion of multiple pollutants from multiple point sources.
In the case of buoyant point sources the model performs plume
rise calculations. If applicable, the code also calculates dry
and wet deposition on the ground and, in case of radioactive
pollutants, the gamma radiation dose rates. Three types of input
data, concerning the source characteristics, topography and
meteorology, are necessary for the simulations. The emission
characteristics (i.e., source location, release height, emission
rate, stack diameter, gas exit velocity and temperature)
are provided by the RODOS Source Term Module (or are
calculated from the data provided by it), while ‘gridded’
topographical and meteorological information is provided by
the RODOS Meteorological Pre-Processor (RMPP). DIPCOT
uses 3-dimensional fields for the wind velocity, temperature,
and pressure and 2-dimensional fields for topography, ground
roughness, mixing layer height, friction velocity, convective
velocity, category of atmospheric stability, precipitation
Fig. 1. Gaussian Puff Model RIMPUFF. Classical
Puff Model: every 10 minutes a puff is released and
then tracked with short time steps in between
Fig. 2. Gaussian Puff Model ATSTEP: Each puff treated
as a separate cloud initially produced by an emission lasting
10 or 30 minutes transported along two trajectories
Fig. 3. Puff-Particle Model DIPCOT. Every 10 sec a particle
is released, to each particle a 3D Gaussian kernel is added
58 ISSN 2073-6231. ßäåðíà òà ðàä³àö³éíà áåçïåêà 1(73).2017
V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, Ia. Bielov
intensity and Monin-Obukhov length [11]. The model
calculates instantaneous air concentrations, time integrated
air concentrations, dry and wet deposition rates and deposition
of pollutants, gamma radiation dose rates and time-integrated
dose (cloud and ground) at the locations of the RODOS
dispersion grid and at locations of detectors [12].
General input parameters [7]:
Delay between end of chain reaction (EOC) and beginning
of the 1st release;
For up to 24 user defined time intervals;
Release height above ground (m);
Released thermal power (MW) (For calculating the vertical
release velocity);
Vent area of the release to the atmosphere (m2) and Vertical
volume flux released to the atmosphere (m3/sec);
Iodine fractions: Percentage of total amount of iodine
released as elementary iodine, organically bound iodine, and
iodine in aerosol form (e. g. CsJ).
Description of MACCS. MACCS models the transport
and dispersion of plumes of radioactive material released
to the atmosphere. As the plumes travel through the atmosphere,
material may be deposited on the ground via wet and dry
deposition processes. MACCS models seven pathways through
which the general population can be exposed to radiation:
cloudshine, groundshine, direct and resuspension inhalation,
ingestion of contaminated food and water, and deposition on skin.
Emergency response and protective action guides for both
the short and long term are also considered as means to mitigate
the extent of the exposures. As a final step, the economic costs
that would result from the mitigative actions are estimated.
MACCS is organized into three modules. The ATMOS
module (atmospheric transport and deposition) performs
the atmospheric transport and deposition portion
of the calculation. The EARLY module (emergency phase
dose calculations) estimates the consequences of the accident
immediately following the accident (usually within the first
week) and the CHRONC module estimates the long term
consequences of the accident
MACCS allows the release of radioactive materials
to the atmosphere to be divided into successive plume segments,
which can have different compositions, release times, durations,
release heights, and amounts of sensible heat. The plume
segment lengths are determined by the product of the segment’s
release duration and the average wind speed during release.
The initial vertical and horizontal dimensions of each plume
segment are user specified.
During transport, dispersion of the plume in the vertical and
horizontal directions is estimated using an empirical Gaussian
plume model. In this model, dispersion depends on atmospheric
stability and wind speed. Horizontal dispersion of the plume
segments is unconstrained; however, vertical dispersion is
bounded by the ground and by the mixing layer which are both
modeled as totally reflecting layers. A single value for the mixing
layer is specified by the user for each season of the year and
is constant during a calculation. Eventually, the vertical
distribution of each plume segment becomes uniform and is so
modeled.
The MACCS dosimetry model consists of three interacting
processes: the projection of individual exposures to radioactive
contamination for each of the seven exposure pathways
modeled over a user specified time period, mitigation of these
exposures by protective measure actions, and calculation
of the actual exposures incurred after mitigation by protective
measure actions. For each exposure pathway, MACCS
models the radiological burden for the pathway as reduced by
the actions taken to mitigate that pathway dose. The total dose
to an organ is obtained by summing the doses delivered by each
of the individual pathways.
MACCS models seven exposure pathways: exposure
to the passing plume (cloudshine), exposure to materials
deposited on the ground (groundshine), exposure to materials
deposited on skin, inhalation of materials directly from
the passing plume (inhalation), inhalation of materials
resuspended from the ground by natural and mechanical
process (resuspension inhalation), ingestion of contaminated
foodstuffs (food ingestion), and ingestion of contaminated water
(water ingestion). Ingestion doses do not contribute to the doses
calculated for the emergency phase of the accident. Only
groundshine and inhalation of resuspended materials produce
doses during the optional intermediate phase of the accident [5].
For the purpose of evaluating the Total Effective Dose
(TED), only two modules are needed.
The ATMOS-module utilizes the Gaussian plume model
to determine χ/Q (air concentration, Bq/m3 / source term rate,
Bq/sec) release values, based on an input of the source term,
release characteristics and deposition behavior.
Table 1. Recommended approaches for different scales and applications of atmospheric dispersion modeling
Application <1 km 1—10 km 10—100 km 100—1000 km
Online risk management (short runtime is important) — Gaussian Puff Eulerian
Complex terrain CFD* Lagrangian Lagrangian Eulerian
Reactive materials CFD Eulerian Eulerian Eulerian
Source-receptor sensitivity CFD Lagrangian Lagrangian Lagrangian
Long-term average loads — Gaussian Gaussian Eulerian
Free atmosphere dispersion (volcanoes) — Lagrangian Lagrangian Lagrangian
Convective boundary layer CFD Lagrangian Eulerian Eulerian
Stable boundary layer CFD Lagrangian Eulerian Eulerian
Urban areas, street canyon CFD CFD Eulerian Eulerian
*CFD — Computational Fluid Dynamics models.
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Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response
The χ/Q values are employed by the EARLY-module
to calculate doses, accounting for dose conversion factors,
sheltering factors and breathing rates [8].
Table 1 shows the recommended approaches for different
scales and applications of atmospheric dispersion modeling [13].
Unlike MACCS atmosphere models, the RODOS models
comply the necessary requirements for their applications
for emergency response. The Gaussian model used for long
distances can greatly inflate the dose indices and unreasonable
high costs on the use of certain countermeasures to protect
the public. At distances of 10 to 100 km it is recommended
to use Puff-model. But for distances up to 20 km, the MACCS
atmosphere model fully meets the requirements to use it
in emergency response. In near future, the Sandia National
Laboratory will develop an updated version of the atmospheric
model, and MACCS can be fully used as a code for the purpose
of prediction of radiation effects in real time and analysis
of the radiation consequences of severe accidents at nuclear
power plants.
Comparative calculations. For comparative calculation,
possibilities of MACCS and RODOS radiation consequences for
a severe accident were calculated. As an example, the scenario
“total unit blackout without containment isolation” was chosen.
The total activity of release was 5.8∙1019 Bq [14]. Release activity
fractions are shown in Fig. 4.
Input data for calculation:
Height of release — 40 m;
Class of atmosphere stability (Pasquill-Gifford
classification) — D [15];
Wind speed — 3.6 m/sec;
Distances for calculations — 0.5…50 km.
Additionally calculations were provided using HotSpot code [4].
Results. The results on effective dose are shown in Fig. 5.
The most conservative results were obtained in HotSpot as its
simplified models. As for MACCS and Rodos, the different
Dose Conversion Factors files were used. FGR-13 was used
in MACCS [15], and GSF-12/90 in RODOS [7]. The values
of Dose Conversion Factors used in calculations are shown
in Table 2.
Results for thyroid equivalent dose per 2 weeks (Fig. 6)
obtained with MACCS and RODOS at near distances are similar.
Difference in the results closer to 50 km is due to chemical forms
of iodine. Unlike MACCS, RODOS has the possibility to set
different forms of iodine (molecular, aerosol, organic). In this
case, iodine form was used as 91 % molecular, 5 % aerosol
and 4 % organic [7]. The molecular form of iodine has lower
Table 2. Dose conversion factors
Radionuclide
Submersion,
(Sv/sec)/(Bq/m3)
Groundshine, (Sv/sec)/(Bq/m2) Inhalation, Sv/Bq
RODOS MACCS RODOS MACCS RODOS MACCS
Kr-87 3.89E-14 3.97E-14 - 8.38E-16 - -
Kr-88 9.73E-14 9.71E-14 - 1.72E-15 - -
Sr-89 3.89E-18 4.39E-16 5.28E-20 6.88E-17 3.99E-10 6.11E-09
Sr-90 0.00E+00 8.89E-16 0.00E+00 1.12E-16 4.13E-10 3.56E-08
Cs-134 7.23E-14 7.07E-14 1.00E-15 1.48E-15 5.05E-09 6.69E-09
Cs-136 1.00E-13 9.81E-14 1.36E-15 1.99E-15 5.70E-10 1.23E-09
Cs-137 2.59E-14 2.55E-14 3.61E-16 5.49E-16 2.98E-10 4.67E-09
Ba-140 7.78E-15 8.06E-15 1.53E-15 1.91E-16 8.18E-10 5.07E-09
I-131 1.67E-14 1.70E-14 2.47E-16 3.65E-16 3.43E-09 7.39E-09
I-133 2.72E-14 2.78E-14 3.89E-16 6.22E-16 1.46E-09 1.47E-09
Pu-238 - - - - 8.63E-07 4.62E-05
Pu-239 - - - - 7.69E-07 5.02E-05
Pu-240 - - - - 7.71E-07 5.02E-05
Pu-241 - - - - 3.61E-11 9.01E-07
Cm-242 - - - - 9.53E-07 5.20E-06
Cm-244 - - - - 8.65E-07 2.66E-05
Am-241 - - - - 7.71E-07 4.17E-05
Fig. 4. Release activity fractions according MELCOR Groups [7]
60 ISSN 2073-6231. ßäåðíà òà ðàä³àö³éíà áåçïåêà 1(73).2017
V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, Ia. Bielov
deposition velocity than aerosol form, so dose in far distances
will be higher than in case 100 % aerosol iodine release.
The same effect is shown on the I-131 ground concentration
graph (Fig. 7).
The closer results are obtained in calculation of skin
equivalent dose (Fig. 8).
The most different results were obtained in calculations
of Cs-137 ground concentration (difference is about 10 times)
(Fig. 9).
All these codes use the same methodology for cloud
shine dose and skin equivalent dose calculations. Unlike
ground concentrations, air concentrations have similar values.
Differences between the obtained ground concentrations
are due to different aerosol deposition velocities. The value
of aerosol deposition velocity is stable in RODOS, and equals
approximately 5E-4 m/sec. In MACCS this value depends
on aerosol aerodynamic diameter.
Conclusions
In the framework of evaluating the capabilities of MACCS
application for emergency response tasks and analysis
of the radiological consequences of severe accidents at NPPs,
a comparative analysis of the MACCS computer code and Real-
time On-line Decision Support System RODOS was carried out.
Unlike the MACCS atmosphere models, the RODOS models
comply with the necessary requirements for their applications
for emergency response. The Gaussian model used for long
distances can greatly inflate the doses and nuclide concentrations,
which leads to unreasonable high costs in the use of certain
countermeasures to protect the public. At distances of 10
to 100 km, it is recommended to use the Puff-model. However,
for distances up to 20 km, the MACCS atmosphere model fully
meets the requirements for its use in emergency response.
Comparative analysis of the effective doses in codes MACCS,
HotSpot and RODOS showed some differences associated with
dose coefficients in MACCS and aerosol deposition rates. It is
not a weakness, as MACCS interface allows the user to set dose
coefficients according to required values.
Analysis of effective doses, thyroid doses and iodine
concentration shows that problem with identification of chemical
forms of iodine in MACCS may be essential for the adoption
of countermeasures and boundaries of their application at
distances exceeding 20–30 km.
It should be noted that with the new atmosphere dispersion
model, MACCS will be fully used as a code for the purpose
of predicting radiation effects in real time and analysis
of the radiation consequences of severe accidents at nuclear
power plants.
Fig. 9. Cs-137 ground concentration, Bq/m2
Fig. 5. Effective dose (14 days, adults), mSv
Fig. 6. Thyroid equivalent dose (14 days, adults), mSv
Fig. 7. I-131 ground concentration, Bq/m2
Fig. 8. Skin equivalent dose (14 days, adults), mSv
ISSN 2073-6231. ßäåðíà òà ðàä³àö³éíà áåçïåêà 1(73).2017 61
Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response
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| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-129885 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 2073-6231 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:49:50Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Державне підприємство "Державний науково-технічний центр з ядерної та радіаційної безпеки" Держатомрегулювання України та НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Bogorad, V. Lytvynska, T. Bielov, Ia. 2018-01-31T18:54:29Z 2018-01-31T18:54:29Z 2016 Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs / V. Bogorad, T. Lytvynska, Ia. Bielov // Ядерна та радіаційна безпека. — 2017. — № 1. — С. 56-61. — Бібліогр.: 15 назв. — англ. 2073-6231 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/129885 621.039.58:004.9 The paper provides a brief description of the Real-time On-line Decision Support system (RODOS) and MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS) computer code and evaluates the application of these codes for assessment of radiation impact on the public and environment in case of a severe accident at NPPs in real time mode. The results of calculations performed using RODOS, WinMACCS and HotSpot codes are compared. In the framework of research, the chosen comparative criteria were assessed: total effective dose, thyroid equivalent dose, skin equivalent dose, I-131 and Cs-137 ground concentration at different distances up to 50 kilometers from the point of release. Наведено стислий опис Європейської системи прогнозу радіаційних наслідків у режимі реального часу RODOS та розрахункового коду MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS), розглянуто можливість застосування цих кодів для оцінки впливу радіаційного опромінення на населення та навколишнє середовище в умовах тяжкої аварії на АЕС у режимі реального часу. Виконано порівняльний аналіз результатів розрахунків, проведених з використанням кодів RODOS, WinMACCS та HotSpot. У рамках дослідження для розгляду обрано такі критерії: ефективна доза опромінення, еквівалентні дози опромінення щитоподібної залози та шкіри, поверхневі концентрації радіонуклідів I-131 та Cs-137 на відстанях до 50 км від джерела викиду Приведены краткое описание Европейской системы прогноза радиационных последствий в режиме реального времени RODOS и расчетного кода MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System (MACCS), рассмотрена возможность применения этих кодов для оценки влияния радиационного облучения на население и окружающую среду в условиях тяжелой аварии на АЭС в режиме реального времени. Выполнен сравнительный анализ результатов расчетов, проведенных с использованием кодов RODOS, WinMACCS и HotSpot. В рамках исследования для рассмотрения выбраны следующие критерии: эффективная доза облучения, эквивалентные дозы облучения щитовидной железы и кожи, поверхностные концентрации радионуклидов I-131 и Cs-137 на расстояниях до 50 км от источника выброса en Державне підприємство "Державний науково-технічний центр з ядерної та радіаційної безпеки" Держатомрегулювання України та НАН України Ядерна та радіаційна безпека Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs Порівняльний аналіз розрахункових можливостей комп’ютерних кодів MACCS та RODOS у застосуванні для задач аварійного реагування та аналізу радіаційних наслідків важких аварій на АЕС Сравнительный анализ расчетных возможностей компьютерных кодов MACCS и RODOS в применении к задачам аварийного реагирования и анализа радиационных последствий тяжелых аварий на АЭС Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs Bogorad, V. Lytvynska, T. Bielov, Ia. |
| title | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs |
| title_alt | Порівняльний аналіз розрахункових можливостей комп’ютерних кодів MACCS та RODOS у застосуванні для задач аварійного реагування та аналізу радіаційних наслідків важких аварій на АЕС Сравнительный анализ расчетных возможностей компьютерных кодов MACCS и RODOS в применении к задачам аварийного реагирования и анализа радиационных последствий тяжелых аварий на АЭС |
| title_full | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs |
| title_fullStr | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs |
| title_short | Comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of MACCS and RODOS computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at NPPs |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of calculation possibilities of maccs and rodos computer codes for tasks of emergency response and analysis of radiation consequences of severe accidents at npps |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/129885 |
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