Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
A simple, sensitive and rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is proposed for the analysis of some environmentally important highly toxic phenols in water. The concentration level of phenol was determined in water at the sampling stations of Savar, Dhaka Export Processing Zone (D...
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2011
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M. Amzad Hossain Farida Yeasmin S.M. Mizanur Rahman M.S. Rana Konica J. Fatema 2018-02-17T17:01:22Z 2018-02-17T17:01:22Z 2011 Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / M. Amzad Hossain, Farida Yeasmin, S.M. Mizanur Rahman, M.S. Rana, Konica J. Fatema // Химия и технология воды. — 2011. — Т. 33, № 2. — С. 160-168. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. 0204-3556 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/130624 A simple, sensitive and rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is proposed for the analysis of some environmentally important highly toxic phenols in water. The concentration level of phenol was determined in water at the sampling stations of Savar, Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) and Bank Colony of the Bangsai river, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from different depth of the sampling stations. The phenolic compounds were extracted with dichloromethane, which was further preconcentrated by evaporation. Different concentrations of toxic phenol were obtained in the river water at the various sampling stations. The concentration of highly toxic phenol was found in the range of 0.01 – 0.998 μg∙L⁻¹. This method could permit the analysis of water for phenol as well as phenolic derivatives with detection limit as low as 100 ng∙L⁻¹. Предложен проcтой и экспрессный метод газовой хроматографии и масс-спектроскопии (ГХ – МС) для анализа некоторых высокотоксических фенолов в воде, имеющих большое значение в окружающей среде. Уровень концентрации фенола определяли в воде на станциях отбора проб в Саваре, в зоне обработки экспорта в Даке (ЗОЭВ), а также Банковской колонии на реке Бенгази (Бангладеш). Образцы воды отбирали на разных глубинах на станциях отбора проб. Фенольные соединения выделяли с помощью дихлорометана, который в дальнейшем предварительно концентрировали путем выпаривания. Концентрация фенола была получена в диапазоне 0.01– 0.998 mg∙L⁻¹. Этот метод дает возможность проводить анализ воды на содержание фенола, а также фенольных производных с пределом обнаружения 100 ng∙L⁻¹. Запропоновано проcтой і експресний метод газової хроматографії та мас-спектроскопії (ГХ – МС) для аналізу деяких високотоксичних фенолів у воді, які мають велике значення в навколишньому середовищі. Рівень концентрації фенолу визначався у воді на станціях відбору проб у Саварен, в зоні обробки експорту в Даке (ЗОЕВ), а також Банківської колонії на річці Бенгазі, Бангладеш. Зразки води відбирали на різних глибинах на станціях відбору проб. Фенольні сполуки виділялися за допомогою діхлорометана, який надалі попередньо концентрували шляхом випарювання. Концентрація фенолу була отримана в діапазоні 0.01– 0.998 mg∙L⁻¹ Цей метод дає можливість проводити аналіз води на вміст фенолу, а також фенольних похідних з межею виявлення 100 ng∙L⁻¹. We are grateful to Dr. S. M. Salehuddin, Chief Scientific Officer, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Ramna, Dhaka for his continuous encourage and logistic support during the work. We also thank to Mr. Zahidul Islam and Mr. Ayub Ali for their help to collection and preparation of the water samples. en Інститут колоїдної хімії та хімії води ім. А.В. Думанського НАН України Химия и технология воды Аналитическая химия воды Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Article published earlier |
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| title |
Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
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Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry M. Amzad Hossain Farida Yeasmin S.M. Mizanur Rahman M.S. Rana Konica J. Fatema Аналитическая химия воды |
| title_short |
Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| title_full |
Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| title_fullStr |
Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| title_sort |
determination of phenol in the bangsai river water of bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| author |
M. Amzad Hossain Farida Yeasmin S.M. Mizanur Rahman M.S. Rana Konica J. Fatema |
| author_facet |
M. Amzad Hossain Farida Yeasmin S.M. Mizanur Rahman M.S. Rana Konica J. Fatema |
| topic |
Аналитическая химия воды |
| topic_facet |
Аналитическая химия воды |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Химия и технология воды |
| publisher |
Інститут колоїдної хімії та хімії води ім. А.В. Думанського НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| description |
A simple, sensitive and rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is proposed for the analysis of some environmentally important highly toxic phenols in water. The concentration level of phenol was determined in water at the sampling stations of Savar, Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) and Bank Colony of the Bangsai river, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from different depth of the sampling stations. The phenolic compounds were extracted with dichloromethane, which was further preconcentrated by evaporation. Different concentrations of toxic phenol were obtained in the river water at the various sampling stations. The concentration of highly toxic phenol was found in the range of 0.01 – 0.998 μg∙L⁻¹. This method could permit the analysis of water for phenol as well as phenolic derivatives with detection limit as low as 100 ng∙L⁻¹.
Предложен проcтой и экспрессный метод газовой хроматографии и масс-спектроскопии (ГХ – МС) для анализа некоторых высокотоксических фенолов в воде, имеющих большое значение в окружающей среде. Уровень концентрации фенола определяли в воде на станциях отбора проб в Саваре, в зоне обработки экспорта в Даке (ЗОЭВ), а также Банковской колонии на реке Бенгази (Бангладеш). Образцы воды отбирали на разных глубинах на станциях отбора проб. Фенольные соединения выделяли с помощью дихлорометана, который в дальнейшем предварительно концентрировали путем выпаривания. Концентрация фенола была получена в диапазоне 0.01– 0.998 mg∙L⁻¹. Этот метод дает возможность проводить анализ воды на содержание фенола, а также фенольных производных с пределом обнаружения 100 ng∙L⁻¹.
Запропоновано проcтой і експресний метод газової хроматографії та мас-спектроскопії (ГХ – МС) для аналізу деяких високотоксичних фенолів у воді, які мають велике значення в навколишньому середовищі. Рівень концентрації фенолу визначався у воді на станціях відбору проб у Саварен, в зоні обробки експорту в Даке (ЗОЕВ), а також Банківської колонії на річці Бенгазі, Бангладеш. Зразки води відбирали на різних глибинах на станціях відбору проб. Фенольні сполуки виділялися за допомогою діхлорометана, який надалі попередньо концентрували шляхом випарювання. Концентрація фенолу була отримана в діапазоні 0.01– 0.998 mg∙L⁻¹ Цей метод дає можливість проводити аналіз води на вміст фенолу, а також фенольних похідних з межею виявлення 100 ng∙L⁻¹.
|
| issn |
0204-3556 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/130624 |
| citation_txt |
Determination of phenol in the Bangsai river water of Bangladesh by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / M. Amzad Hossain, Farida Yeasmin, S.M. Mizanur Rahman, M.S. Rana, Konica J. Fatema // Химия и технология воды. — 2011. — Т. 33, № 2. — С. 160-168. — Бібліогр.: 12 назв. — англ. |
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160 ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, №2
M. AMZAD HOSSAIN, FARIDA YEASMIN, S.M. MIZANUR RAHMAN, M.S. RANA,
KONICA J. FATEMA, 2011
АНАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ ВОДЫ
UDK 543. 064 : 543.544 : 543.51
M. Amzad Hossain, Farida Yeasmin, S.M. Mizanur Rahman,
M.S. Rana, Konica J. Fatema
DETERMINATION OF PHENOL IN THE BANGSAI
RIVER WATER OF BANGLADESH BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY
A simple, sensitive and rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
method is proposed for the analysis of some environmentally important highly toxic
phenols in water. The concentration level of phenol was determined in water at the
sampling stations of Savar, Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ) and Bank Colony
of the Bangsai river, Bangladesh. Water samples were collected from different depth
of the sampling stations. The phenolic compounds were extracted with
dichloromethane, which was further preconcentrated by evaporation. Different
concentrations of toxic phenol were obtained in the river water at the various sampling
stations. The concentration of highly toxic phenol was found in the range of 0.01 –
0.998 g . L-1. This method could permit the analysis of water for phenol as well as
phenolic derivatives with detection limit as low as 100 ng . L-1.
Keywords: Environmental organic pollutants, Toxic phenolic compounds,
Liquid-phase extraction, Pre-concentration, GC-MS.
INTRODUCTION
Phenolic derivatives are among the most important contaminants present in
the environment. These compounds are used in several industrial processes to
manufacture chemicals such as pesticides, explosives, drugs and dyes. They also
are used in the bleaching process of paper manufacturing. Apart from these
sources, phenolic compounds have substantial applications in agriculture as
herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. However, phenolic compounds are not
only generated by human activity, but they are also formed naturally, e.g., during
the decomposition of leaves or wood. As a result of these applications, they are
found in soils and sediments and this often leads to wastewater and ground water
contamination. Owing to their high toxicity and persistence in the environment,
both, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union
have included some of them in their lists of priority pollutants.
Phenols and substituted phenols are important pollutants in water because
of their wide use in many industrial processes, such as the manufacture of
plastics, dyes, drugs, antioxidants and pesticides. They are of great
environmental concern owing to their high toxicity [1]. For this reason, a number
of phenolic compounds are listed in the US EPA list of priority pollutants.
ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, № 2 161
Many analytical techniques have been used for the trace determination of
phenols in aquatic environments. High-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gas chromatography (GC) have
been commonly used for the determination of phenolic compounds [2 – 6].
Although HPLC methods are frequently applied for the analysis of phenols,
GC is often preferred, due to its inherent advantage of high resolution, rapid
separation, low cost and easy linkage with sensitive and selective detectors.
Recently, Bagheri et al. [7] investigated determination of phenol and some
chlorophenols in water samples by SDME-GC-MS analysis. They derivatized
the compounds prior to extraction using acetic anhydride in basic media. A
drop of butyl acetate was used for extraction of acetylated phenols from water.
In this paper, we describe the new method of extraction and quantification of
phenol at different depth of water at various stations of the Bangsai river in
Bangladesh.
EXPERIMENTAL
Chemicals and standard solutions. The standard phenol was obtained
from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Solvent used for chromatographic
separation was dichloromethane (GC grade) and water (GC grade) obtained
from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The other chemicals those used were
analytical or GC grade. Anhydrous sodium sulphate (Merck, Germany) was
cleaned by heating at 200oC before use. The pH of water samples was adjusted
with o-phosphoric acid (Merck). Other reagents were purchased from Merck.
GC-MS analysis.The GC-MS analysis of the crude dichloromethane water
extract of the samples was performed using a Varian GC-MS (Model Varian
CP 3800, USA) equipped with a VF-5 fused silica capillary column (30m x
0.25 i. d., film thickness 0.25 m, Varian, USA). An electron ionization system
with the ionization energy of 70 eV was used for the detection of GC-MS.
Helium was used as carrier gas with constant flow rate of 1 ml/min. Injector
and mass transfer line temperature were set at 250 and 300°C, respectively. A
20% split injection mode was selected with a solvent delay time of 4 min with
injection volume 1 µl. The initial column temperature was started at 40°C for
1 min, programmed at 8°C . min–1 to 200°C and heated until 300°C at 10°C.
min-1. Injection port was set at 250°C. Helium was used as carrier gas with a
flow-rate of 1.0 ml. min–1. Molecular ions were monitored for identification.
Mass range: 40 – 500 m/z. Identification of the crude dichloromethane extract
was based on GC retention time on VF-5 capillary column, computerized
matching of mass spectra with standards (Mainlab, Replib and Tutorial data of
GC-MS systems). The reference compound, phenol was used as marker. The
marker was accurately weighed and dissolved in dichloromethane to produce
a series of concentrations. Standard calibration curves were established by
162 ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, №2
plotting the peak areas against different concentrations of the reference
compound (varying from 0.5 to 10 mg/ml). The external standard method was
used for quantification of the marker in the Bangsai river water extract.
River water samples. 24 water samples, each of which was collected in a
cleaned amber coloured glass bottle from three different stations of the river
Bangsai on 20th October, 2009. The stations are Savar, DEPZ and Bank Colony.
Sampling stations were at least 1 Km from each other. The locations of the
sampling points of the river are shown in Fig. 1. Eight samples were collected
from each of the sampling stations and two samples from each sampling points
at surface and 30 cm depth of water. Each sample was collected in 1.1–1 capacity
volume, well washed amber coloured glass bottle. At first, the bottle was
lowered slowly into the water and its cork was opened by hand, marked
accordingly in cm at the desired depth. When the bottle was filled with water,
it is closed and drawn up carefully. Then 100 ml of water was discharged from
the glass bottle. At the same time 10% CuSO
4
was added as a stabilizing agent
[8] into the water samples, shaken vigorously by hand and closed by the cork.
Fig. 1. Map of the Bangsai river showing the locations of the sampling stations
and collection points of water samples
ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, № 2 163
Extraction. The extraction was carried out for 72 hrs after collection of the
samples by solvent extraction method [9 – 11]. The method required two 50-50
capacity conical flask with Teflon stop corks. Each water sample with a volume
of 20 ml was poured into the conical flask where 20 ml of dichloromethane was
added and the mixture was then shaken vigorously for 1 hr by Lab Tech shaker
(Manufacture of Lab. Ind. and Vac. Instrument). After that the water-solvent was
transferred to the separatory funnel and then allowed to stand in a rack for 10
min. The aqueous layer was drained into a jar by means of a Teflon stop cork,
leaving the dichloromethane layer (extract) in the separatory funnel. The extract
was transferred into a volumetric flask. The aqueous layer was extracted again
with 10 ml of dichloromethane and the extract was collected and stored. Both
extracts were combined into a volumetric flask and kept in a cool atmosphere.
All samples (24) were extracted in similar ways.
Removal of residual water from sample extract. In order to remove the
residual water from the extract, the extract was treated with anhydrous sodium
sulphate. Sodium sulphate (50 g) was placed in a funnel and slightly watered
to make a layer of solid form that does not mix with the extract. The extract
was then passed through the funnel and collected in a precleaned volumetric
flask. The treated water was restored. The operation was done quickly to avoid
possible losses of any volatiles compounds in the extract. A column (60 cm
long x 1 cm i.d.) was used for this operation as well. Fifteen centimeters of the
column were packed slowly with silica gel/solid silver nitrate mixture. Before
we packed the column, the silica gel was activated at 120°C for 10 hr and
deactivated with 3% distilled water by weight. The 10 ml of dichloromethane
was introduced into the column to rinse the gel; here 5 ml of dichloromethane
was discarded and the remaining 5 ml was retained in the column. Under this
condition, the sample extract was passed slowly and carefully through the
column. Finally the extract was collected in a suitable container for analysis.
All the samples were treated in the same ways.
Preconcentration and analysis of the extract. The extracts were reduced
to a volume of 2 ml by evaporation using Kuderna-Danish techniques. By the
techniques, dichloromethane was slowly evaporated; a similar evaporation
procedure was reported earlier [9 – 11]. Special attention was given to avoid
extra evaporation and the volume of extract (30 ml) was reduced to 2 ml
solution. The concentrated solution was preserved in a refrigerator for further
analysis. The preconcentrated solutions were injected into the GC-MS
instrument and different peaks of phenolic derivatives were obtained in the
chromatogram. The phenol was identified and quantified by comparing its
retention time and peak area with that of known concentration of standard
solution which was also injected into the GC-MS system under the same
conditions. The concentration of phenolic derivatives was calculated by using
the equation
164 ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, №2
conc. of 2,3-dimethyl phenol =
(A
s
/A
std
) x (I
std
/I
s
)x (C
std
) x2 (conc. factor)x1000 ppb,
here A
s
and A
std
represent the peak area of component of sample and standard
solutions, I
s
and I
std
indicate the injected volume of sample and standards and
C
std
is the concentration of standard solution.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Phenols, and its derivatives, are toxic and potentially carcinogenic, and they
can affect the taste and odour of drinking water with concentrations as low as a
few µg/L. As a consequence, both the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and the European Union (EU) have included some phenols, mainly
chlorophenols and nitrophenols, in their lists of priority pollutants [8, 9]. EU
Directive 2455/2001/EC sets a maximum concentration of 0.5µg/L in water
and their individual concentration should not exceed 0.1µg/L.
The concentrated water samples and standard solutions were introduced
into the GC-MS system. Initially no separation of phenolic derivatives was
observed when the GC-MS was operated without the control of column and
oven temperature. For separation of the phenolic derivatives of the complex
mixtures, it was decided to use the column temperature programming resulting
in a good separation of individual components present in the river water. The
optimum conditions for the separation of phenolic derivatives were: injector
temperature 250°C, initial column temperature was started at 40°C for 1 min,
programmed at 8°C . min–1 to 200°C and heated until 300°C at 10°C . min-1.
Helium gas was with flow rate 1ml . min-1.
Measurement of phenol in the Bangsai river water samples. The
quantitative determination of our aim target phenol was done by external
calibration curve method. The calibration curve already prepared with known
concentration of phenol is detailed below (Fig. 2). Standard curves for phenol
generated by plotting the area of four spots vs. the concentration, gave high
correlation coefficients. Linear responses were achieved for phenol in the
concentration range for water samples. Over this concentration range, the linear
regression analysis of peak areas (y) in function of concentration (x), calculated
by least square method, leads to the following equations: y = +1.9415e+003x +
1.3531e+004 (r2 = 0.99963) for phenol.
ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, № 2 165
Fig. 2. Standard Calibration Curve of phenol
In order to determine the concentration of phenol on surface and 30 cm
deep water at Savar, DEPZ and Bank Colony stations of the Bangsai river, the
preconcentrated were injected into the GC-MS instrument. A comparison of
mass spectra for the standard solutions of phenol with the sample solutions,
collected from surface water and sample solutions collected from 30 cm deep
water at DEPZ station, is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Comparison of the chromatograms of retention time of standard and
water sample extracts, collected from different sampling stations
166 ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, №2
This shows an excellent similarity of the retention time (9.214 for standard
of phenol) of the separated peak of phenol between standard and sample
solutions. But other phenolic derivatives were not found. This is probably due
to the presence of very low concentrations in water samples, which is well
below the detection limit of GC-MS or may not be present in water samples at
the selected locations. Very similar types of chromatograms, not shown in figure,
were obtained for surface and 30 cm deep water samples collected from the
other stations, Savar and Bank Colony.
Dhaka is a mega city and it is situated on the bank of Bangsai and Buriganga.
About 180 million people live in this mega city. There is a lot of small and big
industries such as dyeing, painting etc. linked to the river. May be the industrialist
are using phenolic derivatives as a raw material in their industry to produce the
finish products. After that they are discharging their effluent directly into the
Bangsai river. For that, the high concentration of phenol obtained only from the
samples collected from surface and 30 cm deep water at Savar, DEPZ and Bank
colony stations at the eastern parts of the Bangsai river. But the middle sampling
points at Savar, DEPZ and Bank colony did not show phenol. This is probably
due to the presence of very low concentrations in water samples because it is
diluted or may not be present in water samples at the selected locations. The
absence or lower concentration of other derivatives of phenols is probably due
to their volatility, dissolution, biological degradation, photo oxidation and rapid
photolysis [12]. It can also be seen that the concentrations of phenol in surface
water are greater than that of those 30 cm deep. The probable reason is that the
higher concentration of phenol arises from the discharge of effluent from the
industry. The concentration of phenol for surface and 30 cm deep water collected
from the various stations of the Bangsai river is presented in Table.
Concentration of phenol in surface and 30 cm deep water at different
locations of Bangsai river
Concentration of phenol, ppm
phenol Savar DEPZ Bank colony
Eastern
side
Middle
Western
side
Eastern
side
Middle
Western
side
Eastern
side
Middle
Western
side
Surface 0.154 nd 0.05 0.998 nd 0.283 0.318 nd 0.130
30 cm
depth
0.085 nd 0.01 0.529 nd 0.176 0.192 nd 0.102
*nd = not detectable.
Table summarize that the concentration of phenol is different at different
sampling stations. The concentration at Sowarighat is relatively higher than the
other two sampling stations. The highest concentration for toxic phenol was
ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, № 2 167
found 0.998 ppm in surface water at the eastern side of DEPZ and the lowest
value was recorded as 0.01 ppm in 30 cm deep water at the western side of Savar
sampling station. On the other hand, almost similar trend of results were obtained
from the sampling station at Savar, DEPZ and Bank Colony.
CONCLUSIONS
Phenolic compounds are important priority pollutants in most countries in
the world, and many related analytical techniques have been developed for
detection of phenols. Present work has been done by our previously established
method for phenols determination based on without any derivative process. In
conclusion, the concentration of toxic phenol in water samples at Savar, DEPZ
and Bank Colony stations of the Bangsai river were determined. Samples were
collected from surface and 30 cm depth of water from each of the sampling
stations. The collected samples were extracted, preconcentrated and analyzed
by GC-MS. The highest and lowest concentrations were obtained in the river
water samples at DEPZ station from eastern side surface and at Savar station
from western side 30 cm depth. Almost similar pattern results were obtained
from other station. The experimental results demonstrated that this GC-MS
method had offered excellent recoveries and could be employed for
environmental sample analysis. In view of the rapidity, sensitivity, simplicity,
environment-friendly nature and so on, the proposed method will be an excellent
alternative detection technology for phenol analysis, and will be widely
employed in environmental and other related fields.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to Dr. S. M. Salehuddin, Chief Scientific Officer, Chemistry
Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Ramna, Dhaka for his continuous encourage
and logistic support during the work. We also thank to Mr. Zahidul Islam and
Mr. Ayub Ali for their help to collection and preparation of the water samples.
Резюме. Предложен проcтой и экспрессный метод газовой хроматог-
рафии и масс-спектроскопии (ГХ – МС) для анализа некоторых высоко-
токсических фенолов в воде, имеющих большое значение в окружаю-
щей среде. Уровень концентрации фенола определяли в воде на станциях
отбора проб в Саваре, в зоне обработки экспорта в Даке (ЗОЭВ), а также
Банковской колонии на реке Бенгази (Бангладеш). Образцы воды отби-
рали на разных глубинах на станциях отбора проб. Фенольные соедине-
ния выделяли с помощью дихлорометана, который в дальнейшем пред-
варительно концентрировали путем выпаривания. Концентрация фенола
была получена в диапазоне 0.01– 0.998 mg . L-1. Этот метод дает возмож-
168 ISSN 0204–3556. Химия и технология воды, 2011, т. 33, №2
ность проводить анализ воды на содержание фенола, а также фенольных
производных с пределом обнаружения 100 ng . L-1.
Резюме. Запропоновано проcтой і експресний метод газової хрома-
тографії та мас-спектроскопії (ГХ – МС) для аналізу деяких високоток-
сичних фенолів у воді, які мають велике значення в навколишньому се-
редовищі. Рівень концентрації фенолу визначався у воді на станціях
відбору проб у Саварен, в зоні обробки експорту в Даке (ЗОЕВ), а також
Банківської колонії на річці Бенгазі, Бангладеш. Зразки води відбирали
на різних глибинах на станціях відбору проб. Фенольні сполуки виділя-
лися за допомогою діхлорометана, який надалі попередньо концентру-
вали шляхом випарювання. Концентрація фенолу була отримана в
діапазоні 0.01– 0.998 mg . L-1 Цей метод дає можливість проводити аналіз
води на вміст фенолу, а також фенольних похідних з межею виявлення
100 ng . L-1.
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Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Ramna, Dhaka;
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka,
Dhaka, Bangladesh Received 15.01.2010
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