Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників
Проведено дослiдження головних параметрiв iонно-фотонної емiсiї при бомбардуваннi органiчних об’єктiв пучком iонiв Ar+. Визначено спектральний склад, квантовий вихiд та просторовий розподiл випромiнювання вибитих збуджених частинок. На базi одержаних результатiв зроблено висновки щодо механiзму утво...
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| Cite this: | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників / І.О. Афанасьєва, В.В. Бобков, С.П. Гоков, В.В. Грицина, О.В. Сухоставець, Д.І. Шевченко // Укр. фіз. журн. — 2010. — Т. 55, № 2. — С. 181-184. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — укр. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1859840612481630208 |
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| author | Афанасьєва, І.О. Бобков, В.В. Гоков, С.П. Грицина, В.В. Сухоставець, О.В. Шевченко, Д.І. |
| author_facet | Афанасьєва, І.О. Бобков, В.В. Гоков, С.П. Грицина, В.В. Сухоставець, О.В. Шевченко, Д.І. |
| citation_txt | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників / І.О. Афанасьєва, В.В. Бобков, С.П. Гоков, В.В. Грицина, О.В. Сухоставець, Д.І. Шевченко // Укр. фіз. журн. — 2010. — Т. 55, № 2. — С. 181-184. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — укр. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| description | Проведено дослiдження головних параметрiв iонно-фотонної емiсiї при бомбардуваннi органiчних об’єктiв пучком iонiв Ar+. Визначено спектральний склад, квантовий вихiд та просторовий розподiл випромiнювання вибитих збуджених частинок. На базi одержаних результатiв зроблено висновки щодо механiзму утворення збуджених частинок.
Проведены исследования основных параметров ионно-фотонной эмиссии при бомбардировке органических объектов пучком ионов Ar+. Определены спектральный состав, квантовый выход и пространственное распределение излучения выбитых возбужденных частиц. На основе полученных результатов сделаны выводы о механизме образования возбужденных частиц.
We investigate the basic parameters of ion-photon emission under the bombardment of organic objects with an Ar+ ion beam. The spectral composition, quantum yield, and space distribution of radiation of knocked-out excited particles are determined. The obtained results are used to make a conclusion about the mechanism of formation of excited particles.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:36:44Z |
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FORMATION OF EXCITED PARTICLES
FORMATION OF EXCITED PARTICLES UNDER ION
BOMBARDMENT OF ORGANIC DYES
I.A. AFANAS’EVA, V.V. BOBKOV, S.P. GOKOV, V.V. GRITSYNA,
O.V. SUKHOSTAVETS’, D.I. SHEVCHENKO
V.N. Karazin National University
(31, Kurchatov Av., Kharkiv 61108, Ukraine; e-mail: afaninna@ i. ua )
PACS 34.35.+a; 34.50.Fa;
34.50.Gb
c©2010
We investigate the basic parameters of ion-photon emission un-
der the bombardment of organic objects with an Ar+ ion beam.
The spectral composition, quantum yield, and space distribution
of radiation of knocked-out excited particles are determined. The
obtained results are used to make a conclusion about the mecha-
nism of formation of excited particles.
1. Introduction
Processes accompanying the interaction of medium-
energy ions with a solid-body surface have been widely
investigated in the recent decades. An important place
among them is occupied by researches of the ion-photon
emission (IPE) phenomenon consisting in the knocking-
out of excited particles with the following radiation of
photons. This is due to the fact that only these inves-
tigations allow one to simultaneously obtain the infor-
mation on the nature of knocked-out particles and their
kinetic energy, as well as to determine the nature of their
state distribution function.
The targets under investigation were presented by one-
component compounds (metals and semiconductors),
complex compounds (oxides and halides), alloys, and
(in the recent years) organic compounds. Moreover, the
more complex is the investigated target, the larger num-
ber of various processes result in the formation of excited
particles knocked out of the surface due to its bombard-
ment by medium-energy ions. In the given work, we
present the results of studying the basic IPE parameters
(spectral composition, quantum yield, and space distri-
bution of the radiation of excited particles knocked-out
of the surface) aimed at clarifying the processes result-
ing in the formation of excited particles under the ion
bombardment of organic dyes.
2. Experimental Technique
The organic targets were bombarded by Ar+ ions with
an energy of 20 keV and a current density of 10 ÷
20 µA·cm−2. The target was placed in such a way that
we could register the total radiation both from the tar-
get surface and the above region (aureola). The emission
spectra in the wavelength region 250.0÷ 800.0 nm were
registered with the help of a photoelectric system oper-
ating in the pulse-counting mode.
It is known [1] that, in the case of investigations of
complex organic systems with the help of ion beams, an
important role is played by the chemical surrounding of
molecules in a target. Due to this fact, it is necessary
to consider the way of preparation of targets of the re-
searched organic systems. We dealt with three kinds
of targets: 1) liquid target: glycerol and glycerol solu-
tions of dyes (Eriochrome black – EBk; Rhodamine 6G
– Rh6G; Bromthymol blue – BthBl; Bromphenol blue
– BphBl; Methylene blue – MthBl) deposited onto a
porous graphite surface; 2) pellet target made of a pow-
der of the above-mentioned dyes, as well as Methyl or-
ange – MO and Eosin – EO, with the help of a press
mold without any admixtures; 3) saturated water and
alcohol solutions of dyes (MO, EBk, and EO) deposited
onto a porous graphite surface and dried in vacuum.
3. Investigation of IPE Spectra of Some
Organic Objects
3.1. Spectral composition and quantum yield of
radiation
The optical radiation spectra of excited particles
knocked out of the surface of liquid targets include radi-
ation lines of a hydrogen atom (Balmer series), the band
of a CH molecule, and the very weak-intensity resonance
line of a Na atom (for MO and EBk). The lines of a hy-
drogen atom and the band of a CH molecule were also
observed in the optical radiation spectra of excited par-
ticles knocked out of the surface of solid targets of the
second and third kinds. The basic emissions observed in
the spectra of all the investigated targets were the lines
λλ486.1 nm Hβ , 656.2 nm Hα, and the band λ 431.2
ISSN 2071-0194. Ukr. J. Phys. 2010. Vol. 55, No. 2 181
I.A. AFANAS’EVA, V.V. BOBKOV, S.P. GOKOV et al.
Quantum yield of radiation
Emission γλ, 10−6 photons/ion
λ, nm Interpretation MO EBk EO
pellet alcohol water pellet alcohol water pellet alcohol water
solution solution solution solution solution solution
431.2 Q band head of the transition 5.5 1.7 1.6 2.6 4.3 3.1 4.4 3.3 4.8
2Δ →2Π, CH (1) (0.3) (0.3) (1) (1.7) (1.2) (1) (0.75) (1.1)
486.1 4d 2D→2p 2P 0, Hβ 3.3 0.7 0.9 1.8 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.6
(1) (0.2) (0.3) (1) (0.9) (0.6) (1) (0.75) (1)
568.2 4d 2D→3p 2P 0, Na I 13.0 2.6 5.0 19.0 4.4 13.5 13.8 5.8 3.2
568.8 (1) (0.2) (0.4) (1) (0.2) (0.7) (1) (0.4) (0.2)
588.9 3d 2P 0→3s 2S, Na I 1200.0 500.0 1250.0 2190.0 365.0 1140.0 1270.0 650.0 240.0
589.5 (1) (0.2) (0.4) (1) (0.2) (0.7) (1) (0.4) (0.2)
656.2 3d 2D→2p 2P 0, Hα 53.1 15.1 12.0 15.4 22.5 17.8 21.7 15.3 21.7
(1) (0.3) (0.2) (1) (1.5) (1.2) (1) (0.7) (1)
766.4 4p 2P 0,3/2→4s 2S1/2, K I – – – – – – 890.0 690.0 190.0
(1) (0.8) (0.2)
769.8 4p 2P 0,1/2→4s 2S1/2, K I – – – – – – 590.0 290.0 110.0
(1) (0.5) (0.2)
nm (Q band head of the 2Δ →2Π transition) of a CH
molecule. In addition, we registered a series of emissions
of Na and K atoms (according to their presence in the
structural formula of a dye). For the MO dye, we ob-
served a series of band heads (372.4, 377.4, 382.6, 367.9,
and 395.4 nm) of a Na2 molecule. In addition, a wide
molecular band with a large number of indistinct band
heads was observed for these two types of solid targets,
which was probably caused by the radiation of a poly-
atomic molecule of the undetermined nature.
The quantum yield of radiation γλ (the number of
photons with a certain wavelength corresponding to one
incident ion) was calculated for all the investigated tar-
gets. The comparison of the relative quantum yields of
radiation for the basic emissions observed in studies of
the radiation of particles knocked out of the liquid and
pellet targets (656.2 nm Hα, 486.1 nm Hβ , and 431.2 nm
СН) has demonstrated that the proportion of the quan-
tum yields for glycerol and glycerol-dye solutions is al-
most identical and amounts to 43:2.1:1, though the pres-
ence of a dye in a solution increases the absolute value of
the quantum yield almost by an order of magnitude. In
the case of pellet targets, this proportion considerably
changes and differs for each dye: MO – 9.5:0.6:1 (5.7),
Rh6G – 11.6:0.4:1 (3.,6), BthBl – 6.4:0.55:1 (4.5), BphBl
– 4.5:0.4:1 (3.4), MthBl – 4.8:0.5:1 (2.4), EBk – 5.9:0.7:1
(2.6), and ЕО – 5.0:0.4:1 (4.4). The values in the paren-
theses represent the absolute values of the quantum yield
of radiation in the units of 10−6 photons/ion. The ra-
diation spectra of particles knocked out of the glycerol
solutions of the dyes, whose structural formula includes
Na (MO, EBk), practically do not contain any lines of
a Na atom. This is most probably due to the fact that
a dye in glycerol dissociates into ions (the negative core
of a dye and a positive ion of an alkali metal), while
the presence of a polar COOH hydroxyl group results in
the formation of micelles [2]. Under ion bombardment,
the main contribution to the number of the knocked-out
particles is made by fragments of a hydroxyl group. For
the pellet targets, the quantum yield of radiation of the
resonance duplet of the Na I spectrum exceeded that of
the basic emissions by three orders of magnitude. As the
radiation of Na atoms in the case of glycerol-dye solu-
tions is practically absent, we consider only the results
of studies for the solid targets. Table summarizes the
absolute values of the quantum yield of radiation of the
knocked-out excited particles for the basic emissions and
the most intense lines of the Na I and K I spectra for all
the solid targets investigated in the work. In the paren-
theses, we give the relative values of the quantum yields,
where γλ of a pellet is taken as 1.
One can see that the absolute quantum yields of ra-
diation of alkali metal (AM) particles are considerably
higher than those of hydrogen and a CH molecule. More-
over, the maximum quantum yield of radiation (γλ of the
AM spectral lines) is observed for the pellet targets. As
concerns the dried solutions of MO and EBk, γλ for the
Na I spectral lines is higher in the case of alcohol so-
182 ISSN 2071-0194. Ukr. J. Phys. 2010. Vol. 55, No. 2
FORMATION OF EXCITED PARTICLES
Fig. 1. Space distribution of radiation (λ = 588.9 nm) of Na atom.
Target – EO, pellet; Ek = 107 eV (I); Ek = 944 eV (II)
lutions as compared with the corresponding water ones.
For the EO solutions, one observes the inverse relation
between the lines of the Na I and K I spectra. The
lines of the basic emission do not obey such a regularity.
The obtained results can be explained in the following
way. According to [3], the dissolution of dyes results in
their dissociation into ions: the negative core of a dye
molecule and a positive AM ion. The ionization abil-
ity of a solvent is determined by the permittivity that
equals 80.4 for water and 27.8 for ethanol [4]. As one
can see from Table in the case of the MO and EBk dyes,
a larger yield of excited Na atoms is really observed for
water solutions. A different proportion for EO is proba-
bly caused by the fact that EO poorly dissolves in water.
According to [5], MO dissolves well in water and poorly
in ethanol, EBk dissolves in ethanol and up to 70% in
water, and EO dissolves in ethanol and does not dissolve
in water.
3.2. Space distribution of radiation of
knocked-out excited particles
The analysis of the data on the space distribution of radi-
ation of the knocked-out particles allows one to estimate
their kinetic energy and make a conclusion about the
processes resulting in their knocking-out. For the pellet
targets of all three dyes, we observed the radiation of
Na atoms belonging to two velocity groups with ener-
gies of 100÷150 eV and 700÷1000 eV. For sediments of
the alcohol- and water-dye solutions, we registered the
radiation of only the first group of Na particles for com-
paratively weak spectra or the radiation of both groups
of particles for more intense spectra.
Fig. 2. Space distribution of radiation (λ = 656.2 nm, Hα) of H
atom. Target – MO, pellet; Ek ∼ 14 eV
Figure 1 shows the dependence Ln I = f(l), where I is
the relative intensity of the investigated line and l is the
distance to the target surface. In this dependence, one
can mark out two segments (I and II), whose slope gives
a possibility to obtain the value of the kinetic energy Ek
[7]. Excited Na atoms of group I are formed due to a
cascade of collisions in a solid target; excited Na atoms
of group II are generated in the course of hard collisions
of a primary ion with a knocked-out atom. The value
of Ek for the knocked-out hydrogen particles is close to
20 eV (Fig. 2), whereas it is lower than 1 eV for CH
molecules. That is, these particles are evidently formed
in the course of excitation and the subsequent decay of
a complex molecule – dye core.
4. Conclusions
The analysis of the existing literature data and the ob-
tained experimental results allows us to make some con-
clusions about the processes running under the ion ir-
radiation of organic materials and resulting in the for-
mation of excited particles. As was shown in [1], an
important role in investigations of complex organic sys-
tems with the help of ion beams is played, first of all,
by the chemical surrounding of molecules in a target.
Indeed, the results of our researches of the basic IPE
parameters of three types of organic-dye targets confirm
this statement. In the case of the dissolution of organic
dyes in glycerol, the IPE spectra of different dyes are
similar to one another. It can be explained by the fact
that, under the dissolution of a dye in glycerol, it dissoci-
ates into ions that form associative groups with glycerol
molecules (micelles) including an active COOH hydroxyl
ISSN 2071-0194. Ukr. J. Phys. 2010. Vol. 55, No. 2 183
I.A. AFANAS’EVA, V.V. BOBKOV, S.P. GOKOV et al.
group. Under the ion irradiation of micelles, one mainly
observes the radiation of only fragments of a glycerol
molecule, i.e. hydrogen atoms and CH molecules. Solid
targets of two kinds (pellets representing a pressed dye
or dried sediment of a saturated alcohol- or water-dye
solution on the porous-carbon surface) have character-
istic IPE spectra. Moreover, the parameters of these
spectra are influenced by the nature of both a dye and
a solvent. In the case of the dissolution of dyes in water
or ethanol, one observes their dissociation into ions: a
negative dye core and a positive metal ion. The dissocia-
tion degree depends on both properties of a dye (partic-
ularly, structural formula and solubility) and a solvent
(ionization ability). The analysis of a space distribution
of the radiation of excited Na atoms has demonstrated
that they can belong to two velocity groups: slow and
fast ones with kinetic energies of Na atoms amounting
to 100 ÷ 150 eV and 700 ÷ 1000 eV, respectively. This
testifies to the fact that excited Na atoms are formed in
two kinds of collisions: the cascade collision of a num-
ber of solid-target atoms with a Na atom at the end and
the hard collisions of a primary ion with a knocked-out
atom. The value of Ek is close to 20 eV for knocked-
out hydrogen particles and less than 1 eV for CH ones,
i.e. these particles are probably formed under the exci-
tation and the subsequent decay of a complex molecule
– organic-dye core.
1. Sputtering by Particle Bombardment. Vol.III, edited by
R. Behrisch and K. Wittmaack (Springer, Berlin, 1991).
2. L.V. Levin and A.M. Saletskii, Opt. Spektr. 70, 539
(1991).
3. A.R. Monahan and D.F. Wlossey, J. Phys. Chem. 74, 4014
(1970).
4. F.C. Barker, H.J. Hay, and P.B. Treacy, Austr. J. Phys.
21, 239 (1968).
5. Short Handbook of Chemistry, edited by V.I. Perel’man
(Khimiya, Moscow, 1964) (in Russian).
6. I.T. Goronovskii, Yu.P. Nazarenko, and E.F. Nekryach,
Concise Handbook of Chemistry (Naukova Dumka, Kiev,
1987) (in Russian).
7. V.V. Bobkov, S.P. Gokov, V.V. Gritsyna et al., Nucl. Inst.
Meth. Phys. Res. 256, 501 (2007).
Received 30.04.09.
Translated from Ukrainian by H.G. Kalyuzhna
УТВОРЕННЯ ЗБУДЖЕНИХ ЧАСТИНОК ПРИ IОННОМУ
БОМБАРДУВАННI ОРГАНIЧНИХ БАРВНИКIВ
I.О. Афанасьєва, В.В. Бобков, С.П. Гоков, В.В. Грицина,
О.В. Сухоставець, Д.I. Шевченко
Р е з ю м е
Проведено дослiдження головних параметрiв iонно-фотонної
емiсiї при бомбардуваннi органiчних об’єктiв пучком iонiв Ar+.
Визначено спектральний склад, квантовий вихiд та просторо-
вий розподiл випромiнювання вибитих збуджених частинок.
На базi одержаних результатiв зроблено висновки щодо меха-
нiзму утворення збуджених частинок.
184 ISSN 2071-0194. Ukr. J. Phys. 2010. Vol. 55, No. 2
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-13380 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 2071-0194 |
| language | Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T15:36:44Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Відділення фізики і астрономії НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Афанасьєва, І.О. Бобков, В.В. Гоков, С.П. Грицина, В.В. Сухоставець, О.В. Шевченко, Д.І. 2010-11-05T13:50:35Z 2010-11-05T13:50:35Z 2010 Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників / І.О. Афанасьєва, В.В. Бобков, С.П. Гоков, В.В. Грицина, О.В. Сухоставець, Д.І. Шевченко // Укр. фіз. журн. — 2010. — Т. 55, № 2. — С. 181-184. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — укр. 2071-0194 PACS 34.35.+a; 34.50.Fa; 34.50.Gb https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/13380 535.376 Проведено дослiдження головних параметрiв iонно-фотонної емiсiї при бомбардуваннi органiчних об’єктiв пучком iонiв Ar+. Визначено спектральний склад, квантовий вихiд та просторовий розподiл випромiнювання вибитих збуджених частинок. На базi одержаних результатiв зроблено висновки щодо механiзму утворення збуджених частинок. Проведены исследования основных параметров ионно-фотонной эмиссии при бомбардировке органических объектов пучком ионов Ar+. Определены спектральный состав, квантовый выход и пространственное распределение излучения выбитых возбужденных частиц. На основе полученных результатов сделаны выводы о механизме образования возбужденных частиц. We investigate the basic parameters of ion-photon emission under the bombardment of organic objects with an Ar+ ion beam. The spectral composition, quantum yield, and space distribution of radiation of knocked-out excited particles are determined. The obtained results are used to make a conclusion about the mechanism of formation of excited particles. uk Відділення фізики і астрономії НАН України Атоми і молекули Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників Образование возбужденных частиц при ионной бомбардировке органических красителей Formation of Excited Particles under Ion Bombardment of Organic Dyes Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників Афанасьєва, І.О. Бобков, В.В. Гоков, С.П. Грицина, В.В. Сухоставець, О.В. Шевченко, Д.І. Атоми і молекули |
| title | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників |
| title_alt | Образование возбужденных частиц при ионной бомбардировке органических красителей Formation of Excited Particles under Ion Bombardment of Organic Dyes |
| title_full | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників |
| title_fullStr | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників |
| title_full_unstemmed | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників |
| title_short | Утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників |
| title_sort | утворення збуджених частинок при іонному бомбардуванні органічних барвників |
| topic | Атоми і молекули |
| topic_facet | Атоми і молекули |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/13380 |
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