New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)

Anion-radical salts (ARS) of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) containing N-methyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazinium (N-Me-2,5-di-Me-Pz)⁺ and N-methyl-2,6 dimethyl-pyrazinium (N-Me-2,6-di-Me-Pz)⁺ cations have been first synthesized. Thier X-ray structure analysis has been performed, crystal and molecula...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Functional Materials
Datum:2006
Hauptverfasser: Kazheva, O.N., Ziolkovskiy, D.V., Alexandrov, G.G., Dyachenko, O.A., Starodub, V.A., Khotkevich, A.V., Vasilets, G.Y.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України 2006
Online Zugang:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135066
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Назва журналу:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Zitieren:New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine) / O.N. Kazheva, D.V. Ziolkovskiy, G.G. Alexandrov, O.A. Dyachenko, V.A. Starodub, A.V. Khotkevich, G.Y. Vasilets // Functional Materials. — 2006. — Т. 13, № 4. — С. 692-696. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-135066
record_format dspace
spelling Kazheva, O.N.
Ziolkovskiy, D.V.
Alexandrov, G.G.
Dyachenko, O.A.
Starodub, V.A.
Khotkevich, A.V.
Vasilets, G.Y.
2018-06-14T14:50:09Z
2018-06-14T14:50:09Z
2006
New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine) / O.N. Kazheva, D.V. Ziolkovskiy, G.G. Alexandrov, O.A. Dyachenko, V.A. Starodub, A.V. Khotkevich, G.Y. Vasilets // Functional Materials. — 2006. — Т. 13, № 4. — С. 692-696. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ.
1027-5495
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135066
Anion-radical salts (ARS) of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) containing N-methyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazinium (N-Me-2,5-di-Me-Pz)⁺ and N-methyl-2,6 dimethyl-pyrazinium (N-Me-2,6-di-Me-Pz)⁺ cations have been first synthesized. Thier X-ray structure analysis has been performed, crystal and molecular structures have been determined, IR spectra have been investigated and electroconductive properties have been studied in a wide temperature range.
en
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
Functional Materials
New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
Нові аніон-радикальні солі (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ та (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is піразин )
Article
published earlier
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
title New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
spellingShingle New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
Kazheva, O.N.
Ziolkovskiy, D.V.
Alexandrov, G.G.
Dyachenko, O.A.
Starodub, V.A.
Khotkevich, A.V.
Vasilets, G.Y.
title_short New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
title_full New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
title_fullStr New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
title_full_unstemmed New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine)
title_sort new anion-radical salts (n-me-2,5-di-mepz)(tcnq)₂ and (n-me-2,6-di-mepz)(tcnq)₂ (pz is pyrazine)
author Kazheva, O.N.
Ziolkovskiy, D.V.
Alexandrov, G.G.
Dyachenko, O.A.
Starodub, V.A.
Khotkevich, A.V.
Vasilets, G.Y.
author_facet Kazheva, O.N.
Ziolkovskiy, D.V.
Alexandrov, G.G.
Dyachenko, O.A.
Starodub, V.A.
Khotkevich, A.V.
Vasilets, G.Y.
publishDate 2006
language English
container_title Functional Materials
publisher НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
format Article
title_alt Нові аніон-радикальні солі (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ та (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is піразин )
description Anion-radical salts (ARS) of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) containing N-methyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazinium (N-Me-2,5-di-Me-Pz)⁺ and N-methyl-2,6 dimethyl-pyrazinium (N-Me-2,6-di-Me-Pz)⁺ cations have been first synthesized. Thier X-ray structure analysis has been performed, crystal and molecular structures have been determined, IR spectra have been investigated and electroconductive properties have been studied in a wide temperature range.
issn 1027-5495
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135066
citation_txt New anion-radical salts (N-Me-2,5-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ and (N-Me-2,6-di-MePz)(TCNQ)₂ (Pz is pyrazine) / O.N. Kazheva, D.V. Ziolkovskiy, G.G. Alexandrov, O.A. Dyachenko, V.A. Starodub, A.V. Khotkevich, G.Y. Vasilets // Functional Materials. — 2006. — Т. 13, № 4. — С. 692-696. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ.
work_keys_str_mv AT kazhevaon newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT ziolkovskiydv newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT alexandrovgg newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT dyachenkooa newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT starodubva newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT khotkevichav newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT vasiletsgy newanionradicalsaltsnme25dimepztcnq2andnme26dimepztcnq2pzispyrazine
AT kazhevaon novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
AT ziolkovskiydv novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
AT alexandrovgg novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
AT dyachenkooa novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
AT starodubva novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
AT khotkevichav novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
AT vasiletsgy novíaníonradikalʹnísolínme25dimepztcnq2tanme26dimepztcnq2pzispírazin
first_indexed 2025-11-26T00:08:30Z
last_indexed 2025-11-26T00:08:30Z
_version_ 1850592829018996736
fulltext 1HZ�DQLRQ�UDGLFDO�VDOWV�1±0H±���±GL±0H3]��7&14�� DQG�1±0H±���±GL±0H3]��7&14�� �3] LV�S\UD]LQH� 2�1�.D]KHYD��'�9�=LRONRYVNL\ ��*�*�$OH[DQGURY �2�$�'\DFKHQNR��9�$�6WDURGXE ��$�9�.KRWNHYLFK �*�<�9DVLOHWV ,QVWLWXWH�RI�&KHPLFDO�3K\VLFV�3UREOHPV��5XVVLDQ�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV� �����6HPHQRY�$YH����������&KHUQRJRORYND��5XVVLD� 9�.DUD]LQ�.KDUNLY�1DWLRQDO�8QLYHUVLW\� ��6YRERG\�6T���������.KDUNLY��8NUDLQH 1�.XUQDNRY�,QVWLWXWH�RI�*HQHUDO�DQG�,QRUJDQLF�&KHPLVWU\��5XVVLDQ $FDGHP\�RI��6FLHQFHV�����/HQLQVN\�$YH����������0RVFRZ��5XVVLD� %�9HUNLQ�,QVWLWXWH�RI�/RZ�7HPSHUDWXUH�3K\VLFV�DQG�(QJLQHHULQJ� 1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH� ���/HQLQ�$YH���������.KDUNLY��8NUDLQH ,QVWLWXWH�RI�&KHPLVWU\��-DQ�.LFKDQRZVNL�8QLYHUVLW\� ��&KHQFLQVND�VWU����������.LHOFH��3RODQG 5HFHLYHG�0DUFK��������� $QLRQ�UDGLFDO� VDOWV� �$56�� RI� ��������WHWUDF\DQRTXLQRGLPHWKDQH� �7&14�� FRQWDLQLQJ�1� PHWK\O�����GLPHWK\O�S\UD]LQLXP��1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]���DQG�1�PHWK\O������GLPHWK\O�S\UD]� LQLXP� �1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]��� FDWLRQV� KDYH� EHHQ� ILUVW� V\QWKHVL]HG�� 7KHLU� ;�UD\� VWUXFWXUH DQDO\VLV�KDV� EHHQ�SHUIRUPHG�� FU\VWDO� DQG�PROHFXODU� VWUXFWXUHV�KDYH� EHHQ�GHWHUPLQHG�� ,5 VSHFWUD� KDYH� EHHQ� LQYHVWLJDWHG� DQG� HOHFWURFRQGXFWLYH� SURSHUWLHV� KDYH� EHHQ� VWXGLHG� LQ� D ZLGH�WHPSHUDWXUH�UDQJH� {¹Ë¯m©Ë� ¹ºã��ËÓ©� ÈÓÒºÓ�¯È�Ò}Èã Ó©Ë� °ºãÒ� ���������Ë�¯È�ÒÈÓº²ÒÓº�ÒäË�ÈÓÈ �7&14�� °�}È�ÒºÓÈäÒ�1�äË�Òã������ÒäË�Òã¹Ò¯ÈÏÒÓÒ«� �1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]��� Ò�1�äË�Òã� �����ÒäË�Òã¹Ò¯ÈÏÒÓÒ«� �1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]���� �¯ºmË�ËÓ� cvk� äºÓº}¯Ò°�Èããºm�� º¹¯Ë�Ë� ãËÓ©�äºãË}�㫯ÓÈ«�Ò�}¯Ò°�ÈããÒ�˰}È«�°�¯�}��¯È��ÒÏ��ËÓ©�jz�°¹Ë}�¯©�Ò�ªãË}�¯º¹¯º� mº�Óº°� �m��Ò¯º}ºä��ÒȹÈϺÓË��Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯� $QLRQ�UDGLFDO� VDOWV� �$56�� RI� �������� WHWUDF\DQRTXLQRGLPHWKDQH� �7&14�� ZHUH� WKH ILUVW�RUJDQLF�REMHFWV�WR�H[KLELW�PHWDOOLF�SURS� HUWLHV�>�@��,Q�WKH�PLGGOH���V��FRQGXFWLQJ�$56 RI� 7&14� ZHUH� V\QWKHVL]HG� SRVVHVVLQJ� D XQLTXH�DELOLW\�WR�PHOW�ZLWKRXW�GHFRPSRVLWLRQ >����@��7KLV�UHYHDOV�ZLGH�XVDJH�SRVVLELOLWLHV�RI VXFK� $56� LQ� HOHFWURQLF� WHFKQLTXHV�� 7&14 $56� ZLWK� FDWLRQV� FRQWDLQLQJ� DQ� DGGLWLRQDO GRQRU� DWRP� �IRU� LQVWDQFH�� FDWLRQV� S\UD]LQH� EDVHG��� FDQ� EH� XVHG� WR� GHSRVLWH� FRQGXFWLQJ RUJDQLF� FRDWLQJV� RYHU� D� PHWDOOLF� VXEVWUDWH� ,Q� WKHVH�$56�� WKHUH� LV� D� SRVVLELOLW\� RI� DGGL� WLRQDO� LQWHUDFWLRQV� �EHVLGHV� HOHFWURVWDWLF RQHV�� EHWZHHQ� DQLRQ�UDGLFDO� 7&14� VWDFNV DQG� FDWLRQV� YLD� QRQ�DON\ODWHG� QLWURJHQ� DWRP RI� S\UD]LQH�� 7KLV� PD\� UHVXOW� LQ� VWUXFWXUHV XQXVXDO�IRU�7&14�$56��8VLQJ�WKLV�DSSURDFK� ZH� KDYH� V\QWKHVL]HG� IRU� WKH� ILUVW� WLPH� WKH TXDVL�WZR�GLPHQVLRQDO� 7&14� $56� RI� �1±(W± 3]��7&14��� >�@�� �1±(W±���±GL±0H±3]��7&14��>�@�FRPSRVLWLRQ�DQG��1±0H±1+�±3]��7&14�� )XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� �������Û�,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ZLWK�GLPHULF�FDWLRQ�>�@��,W�LV�ZHOO�NQRZQ�>�@ WKDW�WKH�LQFUHDVH�RI�WKH�V\VWHP�GLPHQVLRQDO� LW\� VWDELOL]HV� PHWDOOLF� VWDWH� LQ� ORZ�GLPHQ� VLRQDO�FRQGXFWLQJ�PDWHULDOV��WKH�VXSSUHVVLQJ 3LHUOV�LQVWDELOLW\��,Q�WKLV�FRQQHFWLRQ��ZRUNV�LQ WKH� ILHOG� DUH� RI� XQGRXEWHG� LQWHUHVW�� ,Q� WKLV ZRUN�� ZH� GHVFULEH� V\QWKHVLV�� FU\VWDO� DQG� PR� OHFXODU� VWUXFWXUH�� HOHFWURFRQGXFWLYH� SURSHUWLHV DQG�,5�VSHFWUD�RI�QHZ�$56V�ZLWK�FDWLRQV�EDVHG RQ� S\UD]LQH� GHULYDWLYHV�����GLPHWK\O�S\UD]LQH ����±GL±0H±3]�� DQG� ����GLPHWK\OS\UD]LQH ����±GL±0H±3]��� ����GLPHWK\OS\UD]LQH� DQG ����GLPHWK\OS\UD]LQH� IURP� $OGULFK� ZHUH XVHG�LQ�WKH�H[SHULPHQW��7&14�ZDV�SXULILHG E\�YDFXXP�]RQH�VXEOLPDWLRQ��PHWK\O� LRGLGH ZDV� V\QWKHVL]HG� E\� UHDFWLQJ�PHWKDQRO� ZLWK SKRVSKRUXV�WULLRGLGH�IROORZHG�E\�GLVWLOODWLRQ LQ� DQ� LQHUW� DWPRVSKHUH�� 1�PHWK\O�����GL� PHWK\O�� DQG� 1�PHWK\O�����GL�PHWK\O�S\UD]� LQLXP�LRGLGHV�ZHUH�SUHSDUHG�XVLQJ�UHDFWLRQ� 0H,�������������GL�0H3]�o o��1�0H����������GL�0H3]�, �1±0H±���±GL±0H3]��7&14��� DQG� �1±0H± ���±GL±0H3]��7&14���$56�ZHUH� REWDLQHG� LQWKH�IROORZLQJ�PDQQHU� �����1�0H����������GL�0H3]�,����7&14�o o��1�0H����������GL�0H3]��7&14���� ������1�0H����������GL�0H3]��,��� 7KH� $56� SUHFLSLWDWHV� ZHUH� ILOWHUHG� ZDVKHG�ZLWK�HWKHU�DQG�KH[DQH�DQG�GULHG� LQ YDFXXP�� ,Q� RUGHU� WR� JURZ� VLQJOH� FU\VWDOV DQG� IRU� SXULILFDWLRQ�� UHFU\VWDOOL]DWLRQ� IURP DFHWRQLWULOH� DQG� DFHWRQH� ZDV� XVHG�� %ODFN� YLROHW�QHHGOH�FU\VWDOV�RI�XS�WR����PP�OHQJWK DQG�KH[DJRQDO� SODWHV� RI�XS� WR� ��PP�ZLGWK KDG� EHHQ� REWDLQHG� IRU� �1±0H±���±GL± 0H3]��7&14��� �,�� DQG� �1±0H±���±GL± 0H3]��7&14��� �,,��� UHVSHFWLYHO\�� 7KH� $56FRPSRVLWLRQ� ZDV� GHWHUPLQHG� XVLQJ� VSHFWUR� SKRWRPHWU\��DV�GHVFULEHG�LQ�>����@� ;�UD\�GLIIUDFWLRQ�H[SHULPHQWV�RQ� �,��DQG �,,��FU\VWDOV�ZHUH�SHUIRUPHG�XVLQJ�DQ�(QUDI 1RQLXV� &$'��� GLIIUDFWRPHWHU� �Z��T�VFDQ� QLQJ��0R±.D� UDGLDWLRQ�� JUDSKLWH� PRQRFKUR�PDWRU��� 7KH� FU\VWDO� VWUXFWXUHV� ZHUH� VROYHG E\� GLUHFW� PHWKRGV� DQG� IROORZLQJ� )RXULHU V\QWKHVLV� XVLQJ� WKH� 6+(/;6���� VRIWZDUH >�@��7KH�VWUXFWXUHV�ZHUH�UHILQHG�E\�IXOO�PD� WUL[� OHDVW� VTXDUHV� SURFHGXUHV� XVLQJ� DQ� DQ� LVRWURSLF� DSSUR[LPDWLRQ� IRU� DOO� QRQ�K\GUR� JHQ� DWRPV� ZLWKLQ� WKH� 6+(/;6���� SURJUDP >�@��+\GURJHQ�DWRPV� LQ� �,��ZHUH�FDOFXODWHG� LQ� �,,��� IRXQG� H[SHULPHQWDOO\� DQG� UHILQHG LVRWURSLFDOO\� ,Q� WKH�FDWLRQ�RI� �,��&���+��PHWK\O�JURXSERXQG� ZLWK� 1���� DWRP� LV� WUDQVIRUPHG� LQWR &��D�+�� JURXS� DW� 1��D�� DWRP� DFFRUGLQJ� WRFU\VWDOORJUDSKLF� V\PPHWU\� FRQGLWLRQV�� ZLWK SRVLWLRQV�RFFXSDWLRQV�HTXDO�WR������7KXV��LQ WKH�FDWLRQ�OD\HU�RI��,���FDWLRQV�RI�WZR�W\SHV DUH� SUHVHQW� LQ� HTXDO� DPRXQWV� DQG� GLVWLQ� JXLVKHG� E\� SRVLWLRQ� RI� &+��GHULYDWLYHV� DWWKH� QLWURJHQ� DWRP�� 7KH� PDLQ� FU\VWDO� ORJUDSKLF� GDWD� RI� WKH� FRPSRXQGV� DUH� OLVWHG LQ�7DEOH���� 7KH� V\QWKHVL]HG� FRPSRXQGV� ZHUH� LQYHVWL� JDWHG�E\�WZR�H[SHULPHQWDO�WHFKQLTXHV��,5�DE� VRUSWLRQ�PHDVXUHPHQW�DQG�HOHFWULF�FRQGXFWLY� LW\� VWXGLHV�� 7R� PHDVXUH� WKH� ,5� DEVRUSWLRQ VSHFWUD�� WKH�SHOOHWLQJ� WHFKQLTXH�ZLWK�.%U�ZDV DSSOLHG��ZLWK�UHJLVWUDWLRQ�DW�URRP�WHPSHUDWXUH 7DEOH���� &U\VWDO� GDWD� IRU� >1±0H±���±GL± 0H±3]@�7&14��� �,�� DQG� �1±0H±���±GL±0H± 3]��7&14����,,�� &RPSRXQG �,� �,,� &KHPLFDO�IRUPXOD &��+��1�� &��+��1�� &KHPLFDO�IRUPXOD ZHLJKW ������ ������ &U\VWDO�V\VWHP 7ULFOLQLF 7ULFOLQLF� 6SDFH�JURXS 3��BB 3��BB 7HPSHUDWXUH��. ��� ��� D�c �������� �������� E�c �������� �������� F�c ��������� ��������� D�� �������� �������� E�� �������� �������� J�� �������� �������� 8�c� �������� ��������� = � � O�c ������ ������ 'FDOF�J�FPÜ� ���� ���� P�PPÜ� ����� ����� 1XPEHU�RI PHDVXUHG�UHIOHFWLRQV ���� ���� 1XPEHU�RI LQGHSHQGHQW UHIOHFWLRQV ���� ���� 1XPEHU�RI REVHUYHG UHIOHFWLRQV �)�t�V�)��� ���� ���� 3DUDPHWHUV�UHILQHG ��� ���� 5 ����� ����� ��T�PD[��� ����� ������ ,QWHUYDO�IRU�K Ü�dKd� �dKd� 2�1�.D]KHYD�HW�DO����&U\VWDO�DQG�PROHFXODU�VWUXFWXUH���� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� RQ� WKH� 6SHFRUG���� ,5� VSHFWURSKRWRPHWHU� ZDYH� QXPEHUV� UDQJLQJ� IURP� ���� WR �����FPÜ��� '&� FXUUHQW� HOHFWULF� FRQGXFWLYLW\ RI�VLQJOH�FU\VWDOV�RI�WKH�V\QWKHVL]HG�VDOWV�ZDV PHDVXUHG�LQ�WKH���Ü����.�WHPSHUDWXUH�UDQJH XVLQJ�WKH�IRXU�SRLQW�FRQQHFWLRQ�VFKHPH� 7KH�FU\VWDO�VWUXFWXUH�RI��,�� LV�IRUPHG�E\ 1�PHWK\O�����GLPHWK\SLUD]LQLXP� >1±0H± ���±GL±0H±3]@�� FDWLRQ� LQ� D� VSHFLDO� SRVLWLRQ DQG� 7&14� DQLRQ� LQ� JHQHUDO� SRVLWLRQ�� 7KH VDOW�KDV� D� OD\HUHG� VWUXFWXUH� �)LJ������ZKHUH FDWLRQ�OD\HUV�DOWHUQDWH�DORQJ�WKH�F�D[LV�ZLWK 7&14� OD\HUV�� $QLRQV� LQ� �,�� IRUP� VWDFNV DORQJ�WKH�D�D[LV��ZKHUH�WKH\�DUH�VLWXDWHG�LQ SDLUV�VKLIWHG�ZLWK�UHVSHFW�WR�HDFK�RWKHU��DQG FKDUDFWHUL]HG� E\� WZR� RYHUODSSLQJ� PDQQHUV �)LJ������ :LWKLQ� WKH� SDLUV�� PROHFXOHV� DUH HFOLSVHG� WR� D� KLJKHU� GHJUHH� �)LJ���D�� WKDQ EHWZHHQ�WKH�SDLUV��)LJ���E���7KDW�LV�ZK\�ZH FDQ� VXJJHVW� WKH� 7&14� GLPHUL]DWLRQ� LQ VWDFNV��GHVSLWH�WKH�IDFW�WKDW�LQWHUSODQDU�GLV� WDQFHV�ZLWKLQ�DQG�EHWZHHQ�WKH�SDLUV�DUH�HV� VHQWLDOO\�WKH�VDPH�������DQG������c��UHVSHF� WLYHO\��� &DWLRQ� DQG� DQLRQ� LQ� �,�� DUH� SUDFWL� FDOO\� SODQDU�� WKH� � PD[LPXP� GHYLDWLRQ PDNLQJ������c��&����DWRP���%DVLQJ�RQ�ERQG OHQJWKV� �7DEOH����� ZH� KDYH� HVWLPDWHG� WKH 7&14�FKDUJH��XVLQJ�WKH�VDPH�PHWKRG�DV�LQ >�@��$FFRUGLQJ�WR�WKHVH�GDWD�WKH�7&14�SDU� WLFOHV�LQ�,�KDYH�D�FKDUJH�RI�Ü����� 7KH�FU\VWDO� VWUXFWXUH�RI� �,,�� LV�IRUPHG�E\ >1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]@�� FDWLRQ� VLWXDWHG� LQ� JHQ� HUDO�SRVLWLRQ�DQG�WKUHH�7&14�DQLRQV��$��%��&�� RQH�RI�ZKLFK��$��WDNHV�D�JHQHUDO�SRVLWLRQ�DQG %�DQG�&�DQLRQV�DUH�VLWXDWHG�LQ�VSHFLDO�FHQWHU� V\PPHWULFDO� SRVLWLRQV�� 7KH� ;�UD\� VWUXFWXUH DQDO\VLV� KDV� UHYHDOHG� WKDW� VDOW� �,,�� KDV� D )LJ�����)UDJPHQWV�RI�FU\VWDO�VWUXFWXUH�RI��,��DQG��,,�� 2�1�.D]KHYD�HW�DO����&U\VWDO�DQG�PROHFXODU�VWUXFWXUH���� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� OD\HUHG�VWUXFWXUH��)LJ������ZKHUH�FDWLRQ�OD\� HUV� DOWHUQDWH� DORQJ� WKH� F� D[LV� ZLWK� WKRVH FRQVLVWLQJ� RI� 7&14� DQLRQ�UDGLFDOV��$QLRQLF OD\HUV�GLIIHU�IURP�HDFK�RWKHU�E\�WKH�PROHFX� ODU�V\PPHWU\�WKHUHLQ��WKH�%&�OD\HUV�IRUPHG E\�FHQWHU�V\PPHWULFDO�%�DQG�&�DQLRQV��DOWHU� QDWH� ZLWK� $� RQHV�� FRQVLVWLQJ� RI� $� DQLRQV ZLWKRXW� DQ\� FU\VWDOORJUDSKLF� V\PPHWU\� HOH� PHQWV��,Q�$�DQG�%&�OD\HUV��WKH�DQLRQV�RYHUODS LQ�YDULRXV�PDQQHUV��LQ�$�OD\HUV��QHLJKERULQJ DQLRQV�DUH�VKLIWHG�ZLWK�UHVSHFW�WR�HDFK�RWKHU DORQJ�WKH�ORQJ�D[LV�DW�D�& &�GLVWDQFH��LQ�%& OD\HUV�� DQLRQV� SUDFWLFDOO\� DUH� QRW� RYHUODSSHG �)LJ������)LJ����DOVR�VKRZV�WKH�VWDFNV�RI�$�DQG %Ü&� DQLRQV�� ,QWHUSODQDU� $���$� GLVWDQFHV� DUH �����c�� &���%���&� GLVWDQFHV� DUH� �����c�� 7KH GLKHGUDO� DQJOHV� EHWZHHQ� WKH� SODQHV� GUDZQ WKURXJK�DOO� FDUERQ�DWRPV�DUH������ DQG����� IRU� $���$� DQG� &���%���&� PROHFXOHV�� UHVSHF� WLYHO\��&DWLRQV�DQG�DQLRQV�LQ��,,��DUH�SUDFWL� FDOO\�SODQDU��PD[LPXP�DWRPLF�GHYLDWLRQ�RXW RI� WKH� FDWLRQ� SODQH� LV� �����c� �&���� DWRP�� 0D[LPXP� DWRPLF� GHYLDWLRQV� RXW� RI� DQLRQ SODQHV�DUH������c��1����DWRP��������c��&���� DWRP��� DQG� ����� c� �&����� DWRP�� IRU� $�� %� DQG�&�DQLRQ�UDGLFDOV��UHVSHFWLYHO\��&KDUJHV�RI $��%� DQG�&� SDUWLFOHV�� FDOFXODWHG� DUH��$Ü����� %������&Ü����� 7KH� EURDGHQHG� OLQHV� LQ� WKH� VSHFWUD� �,� �ZLWK� PD[LPD� DW� ������ ������ ����� FPÜ�� DQG� �,,�� �ZLWK� PD[LPD� DW� ������ ����� �����FPÜ��� SUHVHQWHG� LQ� )LJ���� DUH� RE� VHUYHG�DJDLQVW�WKH�EDFNJURXQG�RI�WKH�FRQ� WLQXRXV�DEVRUSWLRQ�FDXVHG�E\�H[FLWDWLRQ�RI FRQGXFWLYLW\� HOHFWURQV�� 7KH� RQVHW� RI� WKLV DEVRUSWLRQ� FRUUHVSRQGV� WR� WKH� EDQG� JDS ZLGWK��%DFN�WR�WKH�RQVHW�RI�WKH�FRQWLQXRXV DEVRUSWLRQ�QPLQ��ZH�KDYH�HVWLPDWHG�WKH�FRQ�GXFWLYLW\� DFWLYDWLRQ� HQHUJ\�'� IRU� ERWK� WKLV $56�� QPLQ|����FPÜ�� ZKLFK� \LHOGV '|�����H9��7KLV�VXJJHVWV�WKH� VLPLODULW\�RI HOHFWULF� FRQGXFWLQJ� SURSHUWLHV� RI�$56� �,� DQG� �,,��� +RZHYHU�� HOHFWULF� FRQGXFWLYLWLHV RI� WKHVH� $56� DW� URRP� WHPSHUDWXUH� GLIIHU DOPRVW� E\� WKUHH� GHFLPDO� RUGHUV�� V57�,�� ������Ü��:Ü�FPÜ��� DQG� V57�,,�� �� ������Ü�:Ü �FPÜ��� 7KH� WHPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFH� RI� HOHF� WULF� UHVLVWDQFH� IRU� ERWK� $56� FDQ� EH� GH� VFULEHG� E\� D� VLPSOH� DFWLYDWLRQ� PRGHO�� EXW ZLWK� HVVHQWLDOO\� GLIIHUHQW� SDUDPHWHUV� QDPHO\�� IRU� �,��� OQ�5�557�� �Ü������ �������7� �FRUUHODWLRQ� FRHIILFLHQW���������� IRU� �,,��� OQ�5�557�� �Ü���������������7 �FRUUHODWLRQ� FRHIILFLHQW�����������7KDW�GLI� IHUHQFH� LV� SUREDEO\� FRQQHFWHG� ZLWK� WKH� GL� PHUL]DWLRQ� RI� 7&14� VWDFNV� LQ� �,��� ZKHUHDV WKH� KLJKHU� HOHFWULF� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� �,,�� FDQ EH�DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK�KRPRJHQHRXV� OD\HUV� FRQ� VLVWLQJ� RI� $� SDUWLFOHV�� 6XFK� LQIOXHQFH� RI )LJ����� 2YHUODSSLQJ� RI� 7&14� DQLRQ�UDGLFDOV LQ��,���ZLWKLQ�SDLUV��D���EHWZHHQ�SDLUV��E� )LJ����� 2YHUODSSLQJ� RI� 7&14� DQLRQ�UDGLFDOV LQ��,,�� )LJ�����,5�VSHFWUD�RI��,��DQG��,,�� 2�1�.D]KHYD�HW�DO����&U\VWDO�DQG�PROHFXODU�VWUXFWXUH���� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� VPDOO� VWUXFWXUDO�GLIIHUHQFHV� LV�REVHUYHG� IRU DOO� $56� 7&14� ZLWK� S\UD]LQLXP�EDVHG� FDW� LRQV� V\QWKHVL]HG� E\� XV� >�Ü�@�� SRVLWLRQV� RI VXEVWLWXHQWV�LQ�S\UD]LQH�DV�ZHOO�DV�OHQJWK�RI DON\O�UDGLFDO� LQ� FDWLRQV� JLYH� ULVH� WR� VPDOO VWUXFWXUDO� FKDQJHV� �PDLQO\� GLVWDQFHV� LQ 7&14� VWDFNV�� EXW� VXIILFLHQW� FKDQJHV� LQ SK\VLFDO�SURSHUWLHV� $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV�� 7KLV� ZRUN� ZDV� VXS� SRUWHG� E\� 5)%5� �SURMHFW� 1R�������������� 3UHVLGHQW�JUDQW��lz��������������DQG�5XV� VLDQ�6FLHQFH�6XSSRUW�)RXQGDWLRQ� 5HIHUHQFHV � ���,�)�6FKHJROHY�� 3K\V��6WDW��6RO��6HU��$�� ���� � ������� � ���0�7DQDND�� )�8UDQR�� 0�1DNDEDWD�� -DS�� 3DW� ����������������� � ���9�$�6WDURGXE��9�9�%DUDEDVKRYD��<H�0�*OX]PDQ HW�DO���8665�3DW����������������� � ���'�9�=LRONRYVNL\��$�9�.UDYFKHQNR��9�$�6WDUR� GXE� HW� DO��� )XQFWLRQDO� 0DWHULDOV�� ���� ��� ������� � ���'�9�=LRONRYVNL\��2�1�.D]KHYD��*�9�6KLORY�HW DO���)XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV����������������� � ���2�1�.D]KHYD�� '�9�=LRONRYVNL\�� *�*�$OH[DQ� GURY� HW� DO��� 6\QWKHWLF� 0HWDOV�� ����� ���� ������� � ���5�.DWR�� $�.RED\DVKL�� $�0L\DPRWR� HW� DO�� &KHP��/HWW��������������� � ���*�0�6KHOGULFN�� 6+(/;6����� 3URJUDP� IRU &U\VWDO� 6WUXFWXUH� 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ�� 8QLY��RI *RHWWLQJHQ��*HUPDQ\�������� � ���*�0�6KHOGULFN��6+(/;/�����3URJUDP�IRU�WKH 5HILQHPHQW� RI� &U\VWDO� 6WUXFWXUHV�� 8QLY��RI *RHWWLQJHQ��*HUPDQ\�������� sºm��ÈÓLºÓ�¯È�Ò}Èã Ó��°ºã��1±0H±���±GL±0H3]��7&14����È�1±0H±���±GL±0H3]��7&14����3]�Û�¹L¯ÈÏÒÓ� 2�l�zÈÎËmÈ��i�{�~Lºã}ºm° }Ò®������kãË}°ÈÓ�¯ºm�2�$�i «�ËÓ}º��{�|�v�ȯº��­��$�{�tº�}ËmÒ�������{ȰÒãË� {¹Ë¯�Ë�°ÒÓ�ËϺmÈÓº�ÈÓLºÓ�¯È�Ò}Èã ÓL�°ºãL����������Ë�¯È�LÈÓº²LÓº�LäË�ÈÓ�� �7&14��Ï }È�LºÓÈäÒ� 1�äË�Òã������LäË�Òã¹L¯ÈÏÒÓL � �1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]��� �È� 1�äË�Òã������LäË� �Òã¹L¯ÈÏÒÓL ��1±0H±���±GL±0H±3]�����¯ºmË�ËÓº�cvk�äºÓº}¯Ò°�ÈãLm��mÒÏÓÈ�ËÓº�äºãË}�� 㫯Ó���È�}¯Ò°�ÈãL�Ó��­��ºm����º°ãL�ÎËÓº�, �°¹Ë}�¯Ò��È�ËãË}�¯º¹¯ºmL�ÓL°� �m��Ò¯º}ºä� �LȹÈϺÓL��Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯� ���� 2�1�.D]KHYD�HW�DO����&U\VWDO�DQG�PROHFXODU�VWUXFWXUH���� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������