Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene
Збережено в:
| Опубліковано в: : | Functional Materials |
|---|---|
| Дата: | 2010 |
| Автори: | , , , |
| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
| Опубліковано: |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
2010
|
| Теми: | |
| Онлайн доступ: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135154 |
| Теги: |
Додати тег
Немає тегів, Будьте першим, хто поставить тег для цього запису!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Цитувати: | Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene / A.F. Adadurov, P.N. Zhmurin, V.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko // Functional Materials. — 2010. — Т. 17, № 3. — С. 315-319. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-135154 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
Adadurov, A.F. Zhmurin, P.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko, V.N. 2018-06-14T16:12:16Z 2018-06-14T16:12:16Z 2010 Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene / A.F. Adadurov, P.N. Zhmurin, V.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko // Functional Materials. — 2010. — Т. 17, № 3. — С. 315-319. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135154 en НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України Functional Materials Characterization and properties Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene Флуоресценція і Джадд-Офлет аналіз бензол-вмісних хелатних комплексів европію у полістиролі Article published earlier |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| title |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene |
| spellingShingle |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene Adadurov, A.F. Zhmurin, P.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko, V.N. Characterization and properties |
| title_short |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene |
| title_full |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene |
| title_fullStr |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene |
| title_sort |
fluorescence and judd-ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene |
| author |
Adadurov, A.F. Zhmurin, P.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko, V.N. |
| author_facet |
Adadurov, A.F. Zhmurin, P.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko, V.N. |
| topic |
Characterization and properties |
| topic_facet |
Characterization and properties |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| language |
English |
| container_title |
Functional Materials |
| publisher |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
| format |
Article |
| title_alt |
Флуоресценція і Джадд-Офлет аналіз бензол-вмісних хелатних комплексів европію у полістиролі |
| issn |
1027-5495 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135154 |
| citation_txt |
Fluorescence and Judd-Ofelt analysis of phenyl-containing europium chelate complexes in polystyrene / A.F. Adadurov, P.N. Zhmurin, V.N. Lebedev, V.N. Kovalenko // Functional Materials. — 2010. — Т. 17, № 3. — С. 315-319. — Бібліогр.: 13 назв. — англ. |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT adadurovaf fluorescenceandjuddofeltanalysisofphenylcontainingeuropiumchelatecomplexesinpolystyrene AT zhmurinpn fluorescenceandjuddofeltanalysisofphenylcontainingeuropiumchelatecomplexesinpolystyrene AT lebedevvn fluorescenceandjuddofeltanalysisofphenylcontainingeuropiumchelatecomplexesinpolystyrene AT kovalenkovn fluorescenceandjuddofeltanalysisofphenylcontainingeuropiumchelatecomplexesinpolystyrene AT adadurovaf fluorescencíâídžaddofletanalízbenzolvmísnihhelatnihkompleksívevropíûupolístirolí AT zhmurinpn fluorescencíâídžaddofletanalízbenzolvmísnihhelatnihkompleksívevropíûupolístirolí AT lebedevvn fluorescencíâídžaddofletanalízbenzolvmísnihhelatnihkompleksívevropíûupolístirolí AT kovalenkovn fluorescencíâídžaddofletanalízbenzolvmísnihhelatnihkompleksívevropíûupolístirolí |
| first_indexed |
2025-11-25T22:54:40Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-25T22:54:40Z |
| _version_ |
1850576144673275904 |
| fulltext |
)OXRUHVFHQFH�DQG�-XGG�2IHOW�DQDO\VLV�RISKHQ\O�FRQWDLQLQJ�HXURSLXP�FKHODWH�FRPSOH[HVLQ�SRO\VW\UHQH
$�)�$GDGXURY��3�1�=KPXULQ��9�1�/HEHGHY��9�1�.RYDOHQNR
,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6FLQWLOODWLRQ�0DWHULDOV��67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV���
1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH��
���/HQLQ�$YH���������.KDUNLY��8NUDLQH
5HFHLYHG�0DUFK���������
7KH� IOXRUHVFHQW� SURSHUWLHV� RI� EHQ]HQH�FRQWDLQLQJ�(X� FKHODWH� FRPSOH[HV� LQ� SRO\VW\UHQH
�36�� KDYH� EHHQ� LQYHVWLJDWHG� E\� IOXRUHVFHQFH� HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUD�� 7KH� LQIOXHQFH� RI� SRO\PHU
PHGLXP� RQ� VSHFWURPHWULF� SURSHUWLHV� RI� WKHVH� FRPSOH[HV� ZDV� GHPRQVWUDWHG�� ,Q� WKH� (X
FRPSOH[� ZLWKRXW� SKHQ\O� ULQJV� WKH� VSDWLDO� OD\RXW� RI� OLJDQGV� ZDV� QRW� IL[HG� DQG� XQGHU
SRO\VW\UHQH� PDWUL[� LQIOXHQFH� FDQ� XQGHUJR� VRPH� FKDQJHV�� ,W� ZDV� HVWDEOLVKHG� WKDW� WKH
SUHVHQFH�RI�SKHQ\O�ULQJ�VWDELOL]HV� LWV�VSDWLDO�DUUDQJHPHQW�DURXQG�FRRUGLQDWH� LRQ��$FFRUG�
LQJ�WR�PHDVXUHPHQWV�UHVXOWV�WKH�-XGG�2IIHOW�SDUDPHWHUV�RI�(X�FKHODWHV�GRSHG�36�KDYH�EHHQ
FDOFXODWHG�
j°°ãË�ºmÈÓ©�Áã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�Ó©Ë�°mº®°�mÈ�ËÓϺã�°º�˯ÎÈ�Ò²�²ËãÈ�Ó©²�}ºä¹ãË}°ºm�(X
m�¹ºãÒ°�Ò¯ºãË���º}ÈÏÈÓº� mãÒ«ÓÒË� ¹ºãÒä˯Ӻ®� °¯Ë�©�ÓÈ� °¹Ë}�¯ºäË�¯Ò�˰}ÒË� °mº®°�mÈ
ª�Ò²�}ºä¹ãË}°ºm��{�(X� }ºä¹ãË}°Ë� ËÏ�ÁËÓÒã Ó©²�}ºãË��¹¯º°�¯ÈÓ°�mËÓÓºË�¯È°¹ºãºÎË�
ÓÒË�ãÒ�ÈÓ�ºm� º}ÈÏÈ㺰 � ÓËÁÒ}°Ò¯ºmÈÓÓ©ä�Ò�¹º�m˯ÎËÓÓ©ä�mãÒ«ÓÒ
� ¹ºãÒ°�Ò¯ºã Óº®
äÈ�¯Ò�©�� �°�ÈÓºmãËÓº�� ��º� ÓÈãÒ�ÒË� ÁËÓÒã Óº�º� }ºã �È� °�ÈÒãÒÏÒ¯�Ë�� ¯È°¹ºãºÎËÓÒË
ãÒ�ÈÓ�È�mãÒÏÒ�}ºº¯�ÒÓÈ�Óº�º�ÒºÓÈ��{�°ºº�mË�°�mÒÒ�°�¯ËÏ�ã �È�ÈäÒ�ÒÏä˯ËÓÒ®�m©�Ò°�
ãËÓ©�¹È¯ÈäË�¯©�iÎÈ��È�|ÁËã�È��ã«�(X�²ËãÈ�ºm�m�¹ºãÒ°�Ò¯ºã Óº®�äÈ�¯Ò�Ë�
��,QWURGXFWLRQ
,Q�UHFHQW�\HDUV�WKH�IOXRUHVFHQW�SURSHUWLHV
RI�FKHODWH�FRPSOH[HV�RI�UDUH�HDUWK��5(��LRQV
KDYH�EHHQ�SDLG�PRUH�DQG�PRUH�DWWHQWLRQ�EH�
FDXVH� RI� WKHLU� XQLTXH� FRPELQDWLRQ� RI� UDUH
HDUWK� IOXRUHVFHQFH� DQG� RUJDQLF� OLJDQGV� DE�
VRUSWLRQ��0RUHRYHU��WKHVH�FRPSOH[HV�SURYLGH
DQ�HIIHFWLYH�FROOHFWLRQ�RI�WULSOHW�VWDWHV�H[FL�
WDWLRQ� HQHUJ\� >����@��8VLQJ� UDUH� HDUWK� FRP�
SOH[HV� LQ� RUJDQLF� OLJKW� HPLWWLQJ�GHYLFHV� LQ�
FUHDVHV� WKHLU� HIILFLHQF\� LQ� DOPRVW� WKUHH
WLPHV�>�@��%HLQJ�XVHG�DV�DFWLYDWRUV�WKH�FRP�
SOH[HV�DOORZ�LQFUHDVH�WKH�VHQVLWLYLW\�RI�SODV�
WLF� VFLQWLOODWRU� WR� D�SDUWLFOHV� DOPRVW� E\� DQ
RUGHU�>����@�
8VXDOO\� 5(� FRPSOH[HV� DSSOLFDWLRQ� LV� UH�
ODWHG�WR�WKHLU�LQWURGXFWLRQ�WR�VRPH�SRO\PHU
PHGLXP��PDWUL[���7KH�PRVW�ZLGHO\�XVHG�PH�
GLXPV� DUH� SRO\PHWK\OPHWKDFU\ODWH� �300$�
DQG� SRO\VW\UHQH� �36�� IRU� WKHLU� ORZ� DEVRUS�
WLRQ�� UHODWLYHO\� VLPSOH� V\QWKHVLV� DQG� ORZ
FRVW��7KH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�00$�PDWUL[�RQ�RSWL�
FDO� SURSHUWLHV� RI� EHQ]HQH� FRQWDLQLQJ� HXUR�
SLXP� FRPSOH[HV� LV� LQYHVWLJDWHG� UDWKHU� ZHOO
>�@�� ZKHUHDV� IRU� SRO\VW\UHQH� LW� VWLOO� QRW
GRQH�� $V� IDU� DV� SRO\VW\UHQH� LV� DQ� DFWLYH
VFLQWLOODWLQJ� PDWUL[� >�@� WKHQ� VHDUFKLQJ� IRU
QHZ�5(�FRPSOH[HV�ZKLFK�FROOHFW� HIIHFWLYHO\
WKH� H[FLWDWLRQ� HQHUJ\� RI� VXFK� D� PDWUL[
RSHQV� WKH�ZD\� WR� SURJUHVV� LQ� LQFUHDVLQJ� RI
DQ�HIILFLHQF\�RI�SODVWLF�VFLQWLOODWRUV�
7KLV� SDSHU� DQDO\]HV� WKH� RSWLFDO� SURSHU�
WLHV�RI�EHQ]HQH�FRQWDLQLQJ�FKHODWH�FRPSOH[HV
RI� (X���� GLVVROYHG� LQ� SRO\VW\UHQH�� ,Q� WKH
DQDO\VLV�WKH�PHWKRGV�VXJJHVWHG�E\�-XGG�DQG
2IHOW�>����@�ZHUH�XVHG�
)XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� ��������67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV�
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
���([SHULPHQWDO
,Q� WKH� IUDPHZRUN� RI� RXU� LQYHVWLJDWLRQ
IRXU� (X� FRPSOH[HV� ZHUH� V\QWKHVL]HG� ZLWK
E�GLNHWRQHV�FRQWDLQLQJ�GLIIHUHQW�VXEVWLWXHQW
UDGLFDOV� �)LJ������ ,Q� DOO� FRPSOH[HV�� �����
SKHQDQWKUROLQH� ZDV� XVHG� DV� D� QHXWUDO� OL�
JDQG��,WV�UROH�ZDV�WR�VXEVWLWXWH�ZDWHU�PROH�
FXOHV�LQ�(X���LQQHU�FRRUGLQDWLYH�VSKHUH�WKDW
UHGXFH� WKH� UDGLDWLRQOHVV� SURFHVVHV� DQG� LQ�
FUHDVH�(X�LRQV�IOXRUHVFHQFH���
7KH� V\QWKHVLV�ZDV� UXQ�DV� IROORZV��0L[WXUH
RI� OLJDQGV� FRQWDLQLQJ� E�GLNHWRQH� ��� PPRO��
����� SKHQDQWKUROLQH� ��� PPRO�� DQG� VRGLXP
K\GUR[LGH� ���PPRO��ZDV�GLVVROYHG� LQ����PO
RI� ����� HWKDQRO� XQGHU� KHDWLQJ� DQG� LQWHQ�
VLYH�PL[LQJ��(XURSLXP�FKORULGH�KH[DK\GUDWH
���PPRO��ZDV�GLVVROYHG� LQ���PO�RI�GLVWLOOHG
ZDWHU� DQG� GURS� E\� GURS� ZDV� DGGHG� WR� WKH
OLJDQGV� VROXWLRQ�� 7KHQ� WKH� PL[WXUH� ZDV
FRROHG�DQG�REWDLQHG�\HOORZ�SUHFLSLWDWH�RI�(X
FRPSOH[� ZDV� ILOWHUHG�� ZDVKHG� E\� HWKDQRO
DQG�ZDWHU�DQG�UH�FU\VWDOOL]HG�IURP�HWKDQRO�
(XURSLXP� GLEHQ]RLOPHWKDQDWH� SKHQDQ�
WKUROLQ� �(X�'%0��3KHQ�� ZDV� DGGLWLRQDOO\SXULILHG�E\�SUHFLSLWDWLRQ�E\�KH[DQH� ����PO�
IURP�EHQ]HQH�VROXWLRQ�����PO��
$OO�(X�FRPSOH[HV�KDYH�WKH�VLPLODU�VWUXF�
WXUDO� VFKHPH� ZKLFK� LV� SUHVHQWHG� LQ� )LJ����
7KH\� KDYH� WKH� IROORZLQJ� IXOO� DQG� VKRUW
QDPHV�
��� �WULV�$FHW\ODFHWRQDWH��������SKHQDQ�
WUROLQH��HXURSLXP�,,,��>(X�$$��3KHQ@���� �WULV�'LEHQ]R\OPHWKDQH�������� SKHQ�
DQWUROLQH��HXURSLXP�,,,��>(X�'%]0��3KHQ@���� �WULV�%H]R\ODFHWRQDWH��������SKHQDQ�
WUROLQH��HXURSLXP�,,,��>(X�%]$��3KHQ@���� �WULV�%LSKHQ\ODFHWRQDWH��������SKHQ�
DQWUROLQH��HXURSLXP�,,,��>(X�%3$��3KHQ@�6R��(X� FRPSOH[� ���� LV� IRUPHG�E\� OLJDQGV
ZLWK�PHWK\O�UDGLFDOV�RQO\�DQG�GRHV�QRW�FRQ�
WDLQ�DQ\�SKHQ\O�JURXS��2WKHU�WKUHH�(X�FRP�
SOH[HV�(X������GR�FRQWDLQ�SKHQ\O�JURXSV��
0HDVXUHPHQWV� RI� H[FLWDWLRQ� DQG� IOXRUHV�
FHQFH� VSHFWUD� RI� WKH� VROXWLRQV� DQG� ILOPV
ZHUH� PDGH� RQ� VSHFWURIOXRURPHWHU� )OXRUR�
PD[����+25,%$��-REHQ�,YRQ�,QF���
���5HVXOWV�DQG�GLVFXVVLRQ
�����)OXRUHVFHQFH�HPLVVLRQ
VSHFWUD�RI�36�GRSHG�ZLWK�(X��
FKHODWHV�
7KH� IOXRUHVFHQFH� HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI
(X���FKHODWHV�GRSHG�SRO\VW\UHQH�ZLWK�GLIIHU�
HQW� EHQ]HQH� JURXSV� LQ� FRRUGLQDWLRQ� OLJDQGV
XQGHU� H[FLWDWLRQ� DW� ���� QP�� DUH� VKRZQ� LQ
)LJ����
,Q� IOXRUHVFHQFH� VSHFWUD� RI� DOO� FRPSOH[HV
RQH�FDQ�HDVLO\�GLVWLQJXLVK�SHDNV�FRUUHVSRQG�
LQJ� WR� WUDQVLWLRQV� IURP� �'�� OHYHO� WR
VXEOHYHOV� RI� �)���������� WHUPV�� ,W� LV� FOHDUO\VHHQ� WKH� ILQH� VWUXFWXUH� RI� �'��o��)�� OLQHV�FDXVHG�E\��)��PXOWLSOHW�VSOLWWLQJ�E\�FU\VWDOILHOG�RI�OLJDQGV�HQYLURQPHQW�ZKHQ�WKHUH�LV�D
EHQ]HQH� ULQJ� LQ� WKH� FKHODWH� FRPSOH[��7KXV�
LI��'��o��)��OLQH�IRU�(X�$$��3KHQ�FRPSOH[LV� D� ZLGH� VWUXFWXUHOHVV� FRQWRXU� �)LJ�����
WKHQ� LQ� WKH� OLQHV� RI� WKH� VDPH� WUDQVLWLRQ� LQ
(X�'%0��3KHQ�� (X�%$��3KHQ� DQG
(X�%3$��3KHQ� FRPSOH[HV� RQH� FDQ� FOHDUO\GLVWLQJXLVK� ILYH� FRPSRQHQWV� FRUUHVSRQGLQJ
WUDQVLWLRQV�RQ�VXEOHYHOV�VSOLW�E\�WKH�WR�FU\V�
WDO� ILHOG�� 6XFK� FKDUDFWHU� RI� OLQH�V� EHKDYLRU
FDQ�LQGLFDWH�WKDW�VSDWLDO�OD\RXW�RI�OLJDQGV�LQ
(X�$$��3KHQ� FRPSOH[� LV� QRW� IL[HG� DQGXQGHU�SRO\VW\UHQH�PDWUL[� LQIOXHQFH�FDQ�XQ�
GHUJR� VRPH� FKDQJHV��7KHVH� FKDQJHV� OHDG� WR
)LJ�����&KHPLFDO�VWUXFWXUH�RI�(X�FKHODWHV�ZLWK�LQFUHDVLQJ�EHQ]HQH�ULQJ�VXEVWLWXHQWV�OLJDQGV�
)LJ����� )OXRUHVFHQFH� HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI� (X
FKHODWHV�GRSHG�36�
$�)�$GDGXURY�HW�DO����)OXRUHVFHQFH�DQG�-XGG�2IHOW����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
FU\VWDO� ILHOG� IOXFWXDWLRQV�ZKLFK� DUH� UHVSRQ�
VLEOH� IRU� QRQXQLIRUP� OLQHV�ZLGHQLQJ��:KHQ
WKH�EHQ]HQH�ULQJ�LV�DGGHG�WR�FKHODWH�OLJDQG�
WKH� VSDWLDO� FRRUGLQDWLRQ� RI� WKH� FRPSOH[� LV
VWDELOL]HG� DV� D� UHVXOW� RI� WKH� SRO\PHU� HQYL�
URQPHQW� LQIOXHQFH�� 7KLV� FDQ� UHGXFH� WKH
QRQXQLIRUP� ZLGHQLQJ� RI� DQ� RSWLFDO� WUDQVL�
WLRQ�OLQH��ZKLFK�XOWLPDWHO\�OHDGV�WR�REVHUYHG
ILQH� VSOLWWLQJ� RI� �'��o��)�� WUDQVLWLRQ� OLQH�)LJ�����
,Q�REVHUYHG�IOXRUHVFHQFH�VSHFWUD�RI�DOO�(X
FRPSOH[HV� WKH� OLQH� RI� �'��o��)�� WUDQVLWLRQLV� FOHDUO\� VHHQ� ZKLOH� LQ� IOXRUHVFHQFH� VSHF�
WUXP� RI� (X�$$��3KHQ� FRPSOH[� LQ� SR�O\PHWK\OPHWDFU\ODWH� SRO\PHU� PHGLD� LW� WR�
WDOO\� DEVHQW� >�@�� ,W� LV�ZHOO� NQRZQ� WKDW� WKLV
WUDQVLWLRQ� RI�(X��� LRQ� LV� HOHFWULF�� DQG�PDJ�
QHWLF�GLSROH� IRUELGGHQ� HYHQ� ZKHQ� FHQWUDO
V\PPHWULF� FU\VWDO� ILHOG� H[LVWV�� 7KH� DSSHDU�
DQFH�RI�WKLV�OLQH�FDQ�EH�FDXVHG�E\�LQIOXHQFH
RI� D� FU\VWDO� ILHOG�ZKLFK�PL[HV� �'�� DQG��)�
VWDWHV�ZLWK�WKRVH�VWDWHV�IRU�ZKLFK�-z��>��@�
8OWLPDWHO\� WKH� LQWHQVLW\� OHYHO� RI� FU\VWDO
ILHOG� LQ� ZKLFK� 5(� LRQ� LV� SODFHG� FDQ� FDXVH
WKH� IRUELGGHQ� WUDQVLWLRQ� DOORZLQJ�� &RPSDU�
LQJ�WR�SRO\VW\UHQH�WKH�SRO\PHU�PHGLD�RI�SR�
O\PHWK\OPHWKDFU\ODWH� KDYH� KLJKHU� SRODULW\�
6XFK�SRODULW\�FDQ�VKLHOG�WKH�FU\VWDO�ILHOG�RI
OLJDQGV� HQYLURQPHQW� DFWLQJ� RQ� WKH� FRRUGL�
QDWH� LRQ��7KLV� VKLHOGLQJ�DFWV� RQ� WKRVH� FRP�
SOH[HV� ZKLFK� OLJDQGV� KDYH� IOH[LEOH� OD\RXW
OLNH�(X�$$��3KHQ�FRPSOH[�
�����-XGG�2IHOW�DQDO\VLV�RI�36
GRSHG�ZLWK�(X���FRPSOH[HV�
)OXRUHVFHQFH� RI� UDUH�HDUWK� LRQV� LV� GHWHU�
PLQHG� E\� LQWHU�FRQILJXUDWLRQ� �I�I� WUDQVL�
WLRQV� ZKLFK� LQLWLDOO\� DUH� HOHFWULFDOO\�GLSROH
IRUELGGHQ�� 7KLV� FDXVHV� WKH� ORZ� LQWHQVLW\� RI
WKHLU� DEVRUSWLRQ� DQG� HPLVVLRQ� OLQHV�� %XW
SRSXODWLRQ� RI� UDUH� HDUWK� LRQ� H[FLWHG� VWDWH
FDQ�EH� VXEVWDQWLYHO\� LQFUHDVHG�E\� LW� FRRUGL�
QDWLRQ� E\� RUJDQLF� OLJDQGV�� ,Q� WKLV� FDVH� WKH
RUJDQLF� OLJDQGV� SOD\� D� UROH� RI� LQWUDPROHFX�
ODU� HQHUJ\� WUDQVIRUPHUV� ZKLFK� SURYLGH� DQ
HIILFLHQW� WUDQVIHU� RI� WKHLU� DEVRUEHG� HQHUJ\
WR�5(�LRQ�DQG�WKHUHIRUH� LQFUHDVH�WKH� LQWHQ�
VLW\�RI�WKHLU�IOXRUHVFHQFH��
7KH�LQWHQVLW\�RI�DEVRUSWLRQ�FDQ�EH�GHWHU�
PLQHG� E\� WUDQVLWLRQ� RVFLOODWRU� VWUHQJWK
ZKLFK�LV�SURSRUWLRQDO�WR�WKH�DUHD�XQGHU�WKH
DEVRUSWLRQ� FXUYH�� 7KH� RVFLOODWRU� VWUHQJWK
FDQ� EH� H[SUHVVHG� LQ� WHUPV� RI�PROHFXODU� H[�
WLQFWLRQ� H�� WUDQVLWLRQ� HQHUJ\� �LQ�ZDYH�QXP�
EHUV��V�DQG�D�PHGLXP�UHIUDFWLRQ�LQGH[�Q�E\
WKH�IROORZLQJ�HTXDWLRQ�>��@��
I� �����PF�1SH�
�Q
�Q���������³�H�V�GV�
������������ �Q
�Q���������³�H�V�GV�
7KH�FRHIILFLHQW�RI�PRODU�H[WLQFWLRQ�LV�QRW
JUHDWHU� WKDQ� ���� WKHUHIRUH� WKH� RVFLOODWRUV
VWUHQJWK�LV�DERXW�����
-XGG� >�@� KDV� VKRZHG� WKDW� RVFLOODWRU
VWUHQJWK� RI� HOHFWULF�GLSROH� WUDQVLWLRQ�� LQ�
GXFHG� E\� H[WHUQDO� FU\VWDO� ILHOG�� FDQ� EH� GH�
ILQHG�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ�ZD\�
I� � �S�PFZ�K���-����
�Q�������
�Q ¦:O
HYHQO
�IQ<-__8�O�__IQ<-c�
��
$IWHU� GLJLWDOL]DWLRQ� RI� WKH� 5(� LRQ� IXOO
HQHUJ\�PDWUL[�WKH�HLJHQYHFWRUV�<-�IRU�HDFKLRQ�DUH�
_IQ<-®� �¦�
D/6
&�D/6��_�IQD/6-®�
%DVLF� ZDYH� IXQFWLRQV� _IQD/6-®� DUH� XVHG
GLUHFWO\�WR�FDOFXODWH�WKH�YDOXHV�RI�XQLW�LUUH�
GXFLEOH�WHQVRU�RSHUDWRU�
�IQD/6-__8�O�__IQDc/c6-c�� �����6���/c���-���O���
�CCCCCCCCCCCCC��-�����-c���®̄-/c�
-c
/�
O
6
½¾¿
�IQD/6__8�O�__IQDc/c6��
,Q�WKLV�HTXDWLRQ�WKH�YDOXH�
_IQD/6__8��O�__IQDc/c6�� LV�QRZ�GLUHFWO\�FDOFXOD�
EOH� DFFRUGLQJ� WR� WKH� IRUPXODV� SUHVHQWHG
HOVHZKHUH� >��@�� .QRZOHGJH� RI� WKH� LQWHQVLW\
RI� 5(� LRQ� DEVRUSWLRQ� DOORZV� WR� GHWHUPLQH
WKUHH� SDUDPHWHUV�:������ DQG� WR� UHFRQVWUXFWDOO�RSWLFDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�LWV�VSHFWUXP�
$SSO\LQJ� WKLV� DSSURDFK� WR� (X��� LRQ� LV
IDFHG� ZLWK� VRPH� GLIILFXOWLHV�� 7KH� SRLQW� LV
WKDW� WKH�YDOXHV� RI� LUUHGXFLEOH� WHQVRU� RSHUD�
WRUV� __8�O�__��� WKDW� GHWHUPLQHV� WKH� LQWHQVLWLHV
RI� H[FLWHG� HOHFWULF�GLSROH� WUDQVLWLRQV�� IRU
(X���DUH�GLIIHUHQW�IURP�]HUR�RQO\�IRU�D�IHZ
WUDQVLWLRQV��7KHUHIRUH�WKHUH�LV�QR�VXIILFLHQW
QXPEHU� RI� HTXDWLRQV� WR� GHWHUPLQH� WKH� -XGG
SDUDPHWHUV��0RUHRYHU��DPRQJ�WKUHH�SUHVHQWHG
PDWUL[� HOHPHQWV� IRU� DEVRUSWLRQ� EDQGV� IURP
JURXQG� DQG� ILUVW� H[FLWHG� VWDWHV�� HOHPHQW
__8���__�� HTXDOV� WR� ]HUR� �7DEOH�����ZKLFK�PDNHV
LW�LPSRVVLEOH�WKH�:O�IXOO�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�,Q� IOXRUHVFHQFH� VSHFWUD� WKH� �'��o��)�� LVWKH�PDJQHWLF�GLSROH�SHUPLWWHG� WUDQVLWLRQ�RI
(X��� LRQ�ZLWK� NQRZQ� FDOFXODEOH� YDOXH� RI� WKH
WUDQVLWLRQ� LQWHQVLW\� ZKLFK� LV� HOHFWULFDOO\�GL�
SROH� IRUELGGHQ� �7DEOH����� $W� WKH� VDPH� WLPH
LQWHQVLWLHV� RI� IOXRUHVFHQW� OLQHV� �'��o��)�����DUH� WRWDOO\� GHWHUPLQHG� E\� :O� FRHIILFLHQWV�
$�)�$GDGXURY�HW�DO����)OXRUHVFHQFH�DQG�-XGG�2IHOW����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
WKHUHIRUH� WKH\� FDQ� VLPSO\� EH� GHWHUPLQHG
IURP��'��o��)��OLQHV�UDWLR�DQG�IOXRUHVFHQFHOLQHV�LQWHQVLWLHV
,-� ��Z$UDG-1��'���
ZKHUH
$UDG-� ��H
�Z�
��F� �
Q�Q�������
� ¦:O
O
_�)-__8O_ _�'�®_��
)RU� PDJQHWLF�GLSROH� WUDQVLWLRQ� �'��o��)��$UPG� �Q�$PG�� LV� NQRZQ� DQG� HTXDO� WR������V��>��@�
$V�IDU�DV³--�V�GV�e�³-��V�GV� �$UDG-�e�$UPG���
WKHQ� WR�GHWHUPLQH�:O�SDUDPHWHU� LW� LV� VXIIL�FLHQW�WR�REWDLQ�WKH�DUHDV�UDWLR�IURP�IOXRUHV�
FHQFH�VSHFWUD��)LJ������,Q�WKLV�ILJXUH�ZH�FDQ
FOHDUO\�GLVWLQJXLVK�WKH��'��o��)��WUDQVLWLRQ�������FP���� 6LQFH� DOO� GLIIHUHQW� IURP
__8�����__��YDOXHV�RI�XQLW�LUUHGXFLEOH�WHQVRU�RS�
HUDWRU� HTXDO� WR� ]HUR�� WKH� LQWHQVLW\� RI
�'��o��)���� WUDQVLWLRQ� LV� GHWHUPLQHG� RQO\E\� RQH� VXPPDQG� ZKLFK� LV� SURSRUWLRQDO� WR
:����� 6R�� WKH� :���� LV� XQLTXHO\� GHWHUPLQHGIURP� LQWHQVLWLHV� RI� FRUUHVSRQGLQJ� WUDQVL�
WLRQV��7DEOH������
,W� LV� QRW� SRVVLEOH� WR� GHWHUPLQH�:�� IURPIOXRUHVFHQFH� VSHFWUD� EHFDXVH� WKH� OLQH� RI
�'��o��)���� WUDQVLWLRQ� LV�ZHDN�� DQG� SUDFWL�FDOO\�FDQ�QRW�EH�UHJLVWHUHG�
2EWDLQHG�:��YDOXHV�GLIIHU� LQ������ OLPLW
IURP�WKH�VDPH�FRHIILFLHQWV�REWDLQHG�IRU�WKH
VDPH� FRPSOH[HV� GLVVROYHG� LQ� SRO\PHWK\O�
PHWKDFU\ODWH� >�@�� 7KLV� FDQ� WHOO� XV� DERXW
VPDOO�GHFUHDVLQJ�RI�D�FRYDOHQFH�RI�5(�ERQGV
ZLWK�OLJDQGV�VXUURXQGHG��
���&RQFOXVLRQV
7KH� DQDO\VLV� RI� IOXRUHVHQFH� RI� (X��
FKHODWH�FRPSOH[HV�LQ�SRO\VW\UHQH�DOORZHG�XV
WR� GHILQH� WKH�-XGG�2IHOW� SDUDPHWHUV� DQG� WR
HVWLPDWH� WKH� LQIOXHQFH� RI� SRO\PHU� PHGLXP
RQ� VSHFWURPHWULF� SURSHUWLHV� RI� WKHVH� FRP�
SOH[HV�� ,W�ZDV�HVWDEOLVKHG�WKDW�WKH�SUHVHQFH
RI�WKH�SKHQ\O�ULQJ�LQ�D�OLJDQG�VWDELOL]HG�LWV
VSDWLDO�DUUDQJHPHQW�DURXQG�FRRUGLQDWH�LRQ�
5HIHUHQFHV
� ���5�&�(YDQV�� 3�'RXJODV�� &�-�:LQVFRP�� &RRUGL�
QDW��&KHP��5HY��������������������
� ���.�%LQQHPDQV��&KHP��5HY��������������������
� ���/�'�+RX�� /�'XDQ�� -�4LDR� HW� DO��� $SSO��3K\V�
/HWW������������������������
� ���$�)�$GDGXURY�� 3�1�=KPXULQ�� 9�1�/HEHGHY�
9�1�.RYDOHQNR��1XFO�� ,QVWUXP�� DQG�0HWK�� LQ
3K\V��5HV��$�������������������
� ���,�+�&DPSEHOO��%�.�&URQH��$SSO��3K\V��/HWW������
����������������
� ���+�/LDQJ�� )�;LH�� =K�-LQ� HW� DO��� 6SHFWURFKLP
$FWD�3DUW�$�����������������
7DEOH����0DWUL[�HOHPHQWV�IRU�WKH�GLIIHUHQW�IOXRUHVFHQFH�WUDQVLWLRQV
7UDQVLWLRQ (QHUJ\��FP�� 5HGXFHG�PDWUL[�HOHPHQW
__8���__� __8���__� __8���__�
�'��o��)� ����� � � �
�'��o��)� ����� � � �
�'��o��)� ����� ������ � �
�'��o��)� ����� � � �
�'��o��)� ����� � ������ �
:�������FP� :�������FP�
(X�$$��3KHQ ���� ����
(X�%$��3KHQ ���� ����
(X�'%$��3KHQ ���� ����
(X�%3$��3KHQ ���� ����
7DEOH����0DWUL[�HOHPHQWV�IRU�WKH�GLIIHUHQW
DEVRUSWLRQ�WUDQVLWLRQV
7UDQVLWLRQ 5HGXFHG�PDWUL[�HOHPHQW�
__8���__� __8���__� __8���__�
�)��o��)� ������ ������ ������
�)��o��'� ������ ������ ������
�)��o��*� ������ ������ ������
�)��o��*� ������ ������ ������
�)��o��/� ������ ������ ������
$�)�$GDGXURY�HW�DO����)OXRUHVFHQFH�DQG�-XGG�2IHOW����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
� ���-�%�%LUNV��7KH�7KHRU\�DQG�3UDFWLFH�RI�6FLQWLO�
ODWLRQ�&RXQWLQJ��3HUJDPRQ�3UHVV��������
� ���%�5�-XGG��3K\V��5HY�������������������
� ���*�6�2IHOW��-��&KHP��3K\V������������������
����7�.XVKLGD��0�7DQDND��3K\V��5HY��%������������
�������
����:�7�&DUQDOO�� 3�5�)LHOGV�� %�*�:\ERXUQH�� -�
&KHP��3K\V�������������������
����%�5�-XGG�� 2SHUDWRU� 7HFKQLTXHV� LQ� $WRPLF
6SHFWURVFRS\��0F*UDZ�+LOO��1HZ�<RUN��������
����0�-�:HEHU�� 7�(�9DULWLPRV�� %�+�0DWVLQJHU�
3K\V��5HY��%���������������
nã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�L«�L�iÎÈ���|ÁËã��ÈÓÈãLÏ�ËÓϺã�mäL°ÓÒ²�²ËãÈ�ÓÒ²�}ºä¹ãË}°Lm�¼m¯º¹L
���¹ºãL°�Ò¯ºãL
|�n�k�È��¯ºm����l�yä�¯LÓ��{�s��ËË�Ëm��{�s�zºmÈãËÓ}º
iº°ãL�ÎËÓº� Áã�º¯Ë°�ËÓ�ÓL� mãȰ�Òmº°�L� ËÓϺã�mäL°ÓÒ²� ²ËãÈ�ÓÒ²� }ºä¹ãË}°Lm� (X� �
¹ºãL°�Ò¯ºãL���º}ÈÏÈÓº� m¹ãÒm�¹ºã�ä˯Ӻ�º� °Ë¯Ë�ºmÒ�È�ÓÈ� °¹Ë}�¯ºäË�¯Ò�ÓL� mãȰ�Òmº°�L
�Ò²� }ºä¹ãË}°Lm�� �� (X� }ºä¹ãË}°L� ËÏ� ÁËÓLã ÓÒ²� }LãË� � ¹¯º°�º¯ºmË� ¯ºÏ�È��mÈÓÓ«� ãÒ�
�ÈÓ�Lm�mÒ«mÒ㺰«�ÓËÁL}°ºmÈÓÒä�L�°²Òã ÓÒä��º�m¹ãÒm��¹ºãL°�Ò¯ºã Óº��äÈ�¯Ò�L��{°�ÈÓºm�
ãËÓº���º�ÓÈ«mÓL°� �ÁËÓLã Óº�º�}Lã �«�°�ÈLãLÏ�¼�¯ºÏ�È��mÈÓÓ«�ãÒ�ÈÓ�È�¹ºãÒÏ��}ºº¯�
�ÒÓÈ�L®Óº�º� LºÓ��� �� mL�¹ºmL�Óº°�L� Ï� ¯ËÏ�ã �È�ÈäÒ� mÒäL¯
mÈÓ � º�Ò°ãËÓº� ¹È¯ÈäË�¯Ò
iÎÈ��È�|ÁËã�È��ã«�(X�²ËãÈ�Lm���¹ºãL°�Ò¯ºã ÓL®�äÈ�¯Ò�L�
$�)�$GDGXURY�HW�DO����)OXRUHVFHQFH�DQG�-XGG�2IHOW����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
|