Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2011 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Functional Materials |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135561 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Zitieren: | Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals / V.I. Oleshko, S.S. Vilchinskaya, V.M. Lisitsyn, V.I. Korepanov // Functional Materials. — 2011. — Т. 18, № 4. — С. 457-461. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-135561 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1355612025-02-09T11:12:43Z Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals Випромінювальні характеристики донорно-акцепторних пар у кристалах ZnSe і CdS Oleshko, V.I. Vilchinskaya, S.S. Lisitsyn, V.M. Korepanov, V.I. Characterization and properties 2011 Article Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals / V.I. Oleshko, S.S. Vilchinskaya, V.M. Lisitsyn, V.I. Korepanov // Functional Materials. — 2011. — Т. 18, № 4. — С. 457-461. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135561 en Functional Materials application/pdf НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Characterization and properties Characterization and properties |
| spellingShingle |
Characterization and properties Characterization and properties Oleshko, V.I. Vilchinskaya, S.S. Lisitsyn, V.M. Korepanov, V.I. Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals Functional Materials |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Oleshko, V.I. Vilchinskaya, S.S. Lisitsyn, V.M. Korepanov, V.I. |
| author_facet |
Oleshko, V.I. Vilchinskaya, S.S. Lisitsyn, V.M. Korepanov, V.I. |
| author_sort |
Oleshko, V.I. |
| title |
Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals |
| title_short |
Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals |
| title_full |
Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals |
| title_fullStr |
Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals |
| title_sort |
emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in znse and cds crystals |
| publisher |
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| topic_facet |
Characterization and properties |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135561 |
| citation_txt |
Emission characteristics of donor-acceptor pairs in ZnSe and CdS crystals / V.I. Oleshko, S.S. Vilchinskaya, V.M. Lisitsyn, V.I. Korepanov // Functional Materials. — 2011. — Т. 18, № 4. — С. 457-461. — Бібліогр.: 7 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Functional Materials |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT oleshkovi emissioncharacteristicsofdonoracceptorpairsinznseandcdscrystals AT vilchinskayass emissioncharacteristicsofdonoracceptorpairsinznseandcdscrystals AT lisitsynvm emissioncharacteristicsofdonoracceptorpairsinznseandcdscrystals AT korepanovvi emissioncharacteristicsofdonoracceptorpairsinznseandcdscrystals AT oleshkovi vipromínûvalʹníharakteristikidonornoakceptornihparukristalahznseícds AT vilchinskayass vipromínûvalʹníharakteristikidonornoakceptornihparukristalahznseícds AT lisitsynvm vipromínûvalʹníharakteristikidonornoakceptornihparukristalahznseícds AT korepanovvi vipromínûvalʹníharakteristikidonornoakceptornihparukristalahznseícds |
| first_indexed |
2025-11-25T21:03:41Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-25T21:03:41Z |
| _version_ |
1849797778692112384 |
| fulltext |
(PLVVLRQ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�GRQRU�DFFHSWRUSDLUV�LQ�=Q6H DQG�&G6 FU\VWDOV�
9�,�2OHVKNR��6�6�9LOFKLQVND\D��9�0�/LVLWV\Q��9�,�.RUHSDQRY
1DWLRQDO�5HVHDUFK�7RPVN�3RO\WHFKQLFDO�8QLYHUVLW\�
���/HQLQD�$YH����������7RPVN��5XVVLD
5HFHLYHG�-XO\��������
7KH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�RI�XQGRSHG�PRQRFU\VWDOV�RI�&G6�DQG�=Q6H�ZDV�VWXGLHG��,W�KDV�EHHQ
IRXQG�WKDW�LQ�SXOVH�FDWKRGROXPLQHVFHQFH�VSHFWUD�RI�WKH�FU\VWDOV�DW����.�FRQVLVW�RI�VKRUW�
ZDYH� DQG� ORQJ�ZDYH� VHULHV� RI� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� EDQGV� ZLWK� WKH� HTXLGLVWDQW� VWUXFWXUH�� 7KH
WHPSHUDWXUH�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�LQWHQVLW\�LQ�LQWHUYDO�RI������.�DQG�VSHFWUD�RI
DIWHUJORZ�LQ�LQWHUYDO�����WR�����V�ZHUH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�
jÏ��ËÓº�}¯ÈËmºË�ÒÏã��ËÓÒË�ÓËãË�Ò¯ºmÈÓÓ©²�äºÓº}¯Ò°�Èããºm�&G6�Ò�=Q6H���°�ÈÓºm�
ãËÓº�� ��º� m� °¹Ë}�¯È²� Òä¹�ã °Óº®� }È�º�ºã
äÒÓ˰�ËÓ�ÒÒ� }¯Ò°�Èããºm� ¹¯Ò� �Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯Ë
���z�ÓÈã
�È
�°«��mË�°Ë¯ÒÒ�¹ºãº°�}¯ÈËmº�º�ÒÏã��ËÓÒ«�°�ª}mÒ�Ò°�ÈÓ�Óº®�°�¯�}��¯º®�Û
}º¯º�}ºmºãÓºmÈ«� °Ë¯Ò«� Ò� �ãÒÓÓºmºãÓºmÈ«�� j°°ãË�ºmÈÓÈ� �Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯ÓÈ«� ÏÈmÒ°Ò亰�
}¯ÈËmº�º�ÒÏã��ËÓÒ«�m�ÒÓ�˯mÈãË���Ü���z�Ò�°¹Ë}�¯©�¹º°ã˰mË�ËÓÒ«�m��ÒȹÈϺÓË�º����Ü�
�º���Ü��°��
,��,QWURGXFWLRQ
$�%��FRPSRXQGV�DUH�SURPLVLQJ�PDWHULDOVLQ�RSWRHOHFWURQLFV�DQG�LQIUDUHG�WHFKQRORJLHV�
+RZHYHU�� WKH� GDWD� RQ� OXPLQHVFHQFH� FHQWUHV
LQ�XQGRSHG�&G6�FU\VWDOV�KDYH�QRW�EHHQ�V\V�
WHPDWL]HG�� DQG� DUH� UDWKHU� FRQWUDGLFWRU\�� ,Q
SDUWLFXODU�� RQH� RI� WKH� PRVW� FKDOOHQJLQJ
WDVNV� LV� WKH� GHWHUPLQDWLRQ� RI� PLFURVFRSLF
QDWXUH�RI�WKH�GHIHFWV�FDXVLQJ�WKH�HGJH�HPLV�
VLRQ� LQ�$�%�� VHPLFRQGXFWRUV� >��@�� 7KH� UH�FHQW�VWXGLHV�RI�WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�KDYH�EHHQ
PDLQO\�IRFXVHG�RQ�VSHFWUDO�UHVSRQVH�FKDUDF�
WHULVWLFV��ZKLFK�LV�LQVXIILFLHQW�IRU�WKH�LGHQ�
WLILFDWLRQ� RI� LWV� QDWXUH�� 7KLV� ZRUN� VXPPD�
UL]HV� WKH� UHVXOWV� RI� WKH� VWXG\� RI� WKH� HGJH
HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUDO�NLQHWLF� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI
XQGRSHG� FDGPLXP� VXOSKLGH� DQG� ]LQF� VH�
OHQLGH�ZLWK�GLIIHUHQW�KLVWRU\�
���0DWHULDO�DQG�PHWKRGV
7KH� KH[DJRQDO� FDGPLXP� VXOSKLGH� DQG
FXELF� ]LQF� VHOHQLGH� PRQRFU\VWDOV� ZHUH� FKR�
VHQ�IRU�WKH� LQYHVWLJDWLRQ��7KH�EXON�FU\VWDOV
ZHUH� REWDLQHG� E\� 'DY\GRY�0DUNRY� PHWKRG
>�@��7KH�&G6�VDPSOHV�ZHUH�LQ�WKH�IRUP�RI�D
��PP�WKLFN�SODWH��DQG�WKH\�ZHUH�FXW�IURP�D
EORFN� SHUSHQGLFXODU� WR� &� RSWLFDO� D[LV�� 7KH
FXW� VXUIDFHV� ZHUH� SROLVKHG� E\� PHFKDQLFDO
PHDQV�� 7KH� OXPLQHVFHQFH� ZDV� H[FLWHG� E\� D
KHDY\�FXUUHQW� HOHFWURQ� EHDP� ZLWK� WKH� IRO�
ORZLQJ� SDUDPHWHUV�� WKH� HOHFWURQV� DYHUDJH
HQHUJ\�ZDV�a����0H9��KDOI�DPSOLWXGH�GXUD�
WLRQ�a���QV��7KH�HOHFWURQ�EHDP�HQHUJ\�GHQ�
VLW\�ZDV�UHJXODWHG�ZLWKLQ��������-�FP��
5HVLGXDO� JDV� SUHVVXUH� LQ� WKH� H[SHULPHQWDO
FKDPEHU�ZDV� a����3D��WHPSHUDWXUH�a���.�
7KH�VDPSOH�ZDV�VHW�DW�DQ�DQJOH�����WRZDUGV
WKH� HOHFWURQ� VWUHDP� SURSDJDWLRQ�� /XPLQHV�
FHQFH� VSHFWUD� ZHUH� PHDVXUHG� E\� PHDQV� RI
WKH�SXOVLQJ�VSHFWURPHWHU�LQ�D�VSHFWUDO�UDQJH
RI��������QP��7KH�JORZ�RI�WKH�VDPSOH�ZDV
SURMHFWHG� WR� WKH� HQWUDQFH� VOLW� RI� 0'5����
PRQRFKURPDWRU�E\�PHDQV�RI�D�OHQV��DQG�ZDV
UHJLVWHUHG� E\� )(8���� SKRWRHOHFWULF� PXOWL�
SOLHU�DQG�7HNWURQL[�7'6������PHPRU\�RVFLO�
ORVFRSH�� 7LPH� UHVROXWLRQ� RI� WKH� UHFRUGLQJ
FKDQQHO�ZDV�a����QV��WKH�VSHFWUDO�UHVROXWLRQ
ZDV�a��������H9���
)XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� ��������67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV�
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
���5HVXOWV�
7KH�VWXG\�RI�WKH�ODUJH�JURXS�RI�XQGRSHG
&G6� DQG�=Q6H� FU\VWDOV� JURZQ� IURP� YDSRXU
SKDVH� E\� WKH� VXEOLPDWLRQ� PHWKRG� VKRZHG
WKDW�WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�ZDV�REVHUYHG�LQ�PD�
MRULW\�RI�VXFK�FU\VWDOV��7KH�QXPEHU�RI�VHULHV
DQG�WKH�EDQG�LQWHQVLW\�GHSHQGHG�RQ�WKH�KLV�
WRU\�RI�FU\VWDOV��)LJ����DQG���VKRZ�WKH�HGJH
HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI�&G6�1R����PHDVXUHG�DW
GLIIHUHQW� WLPHV� DIWHU� WKH� H[FLWDWLRQ� SXOVH�
$V� FDQ� EH� VHHQ� RQ� WKH� )LJXUH�� WKH� GLVWLQFW
VKRUW� ZDYH� VHULHV� LV� REVHUYHG� ZLWKLQ� WKH
UDQJH� IURP� ��� WR� ���� QV� LQ� WKH� OXPLQHV�
FHQFH� VSHFWUXP� RI� WKH� VDPSOH�� 7KH� VHULHV
KDV� WKH� PD[LPXP� SULQFLSDO� ]HUR� SKRQRQ
OLQH�DW�O� �����QP��ZLWK�LWV����RU���/2�SKR�
QRQ�UHSHWLWLRQV�DW�����DQG�����QP��)LJ�����
(QHUJ\� VSDFLQJ� EHWZHHQ� VHSDUDWH� SHDNV� RI
WKH� ILQH� VWUXFWXUH� RI� WKH� VKRUW�ZDYH� VHULHV
LV� HTXDO� WR� WKH� /2�SKRQRQ� HQHUJ\� RI� WKH
&G6� ODWWLFH� ������� H9��� 'XH� WR� WKH� TXLFN
DWWHQXDWLRQ�RI� WKH� VKRUW�ZDYH� VHULHV� LQ� WKH
HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUXP� RI�&G6� 1R��� FU\V�
WDO�� WKH� ORQJ� ZDYH� VHULHV� RI� HTXLGLVWDQW
HPLVVLRQ�OLQHV�LV�GRPLQDWLQJ�DIWHU���PV��ZLWK
WKH�PD[LPXP�SULQFLSDO�OLQH�DW�O� �����QP�DQG
LWV� � ���� ���� ��/2� SKRQRQ� UHSHWLWLRQV� DW
�����������DQG�����QP��)LJ������,W�ZDV�GLV�
FRYHUHG�� WKDW� WKH� ORQJ�ZDYH� VHULHV� LQ� WKLV
VDPSOH� LV� FKDUDFWHUL]HG� E\� D� SURORQJHG� DI�
WHUJORZ�a����V�
$V� LV� VHHQ� RQ� )LJ���� DQG� ��� WKH� HGJH
HPLVVLRQ� OLQHV� HYHQWXDOO\� VKLIW� WRZDUGV
ORZHU�HQHUJLHV��
)LJ����VKRZV�WLPH�UHVROYHG�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ
VSHFWUD�RI�WZR�]LQF�VHOHQLGH�FU\VWDOV�RI�GLI�
IHUHQW� KLVWRU\�� =Q6H� 1R��� DQG� =Q6H� 1R���
$V�LV�VHHQ�RQ�)LJ�����=Q6H�1R���VDPSOH�SUR�
YLGHV� RQH� VKRUW�ZDYH� VHULHV� RI� WKH� HGJH
HPLVVLRQ� ZLWK� WKH� PD[LPXP� ]HUR� SKRQRQ
OLQH�DW�O� �������QP��ZKLOH�=Q6H�1R���FU\V�
WDO�SURYLGHV�WZR�VHULHV�RI�WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�
D� ORQJ�ZDYH�VHULHV�DQG�D�VKRUW�ZDYH�VHULHV�
ZLWK�PD[LPXP�SULPDU\�OLQHV�DW�O�� �����QPDQG� O� ����� QP�� DFFRUGLQJO\�� (QHUJ\� VSDF�
LQJ� EHWZHHQ� VHSDUDWH� SHDNV� RI� WKH� ILQH
VWUXFWXUH� RI� WKH� VKRUW� ZDYH� DQG� WKH� ORQJ
ZDYH� VHULHV� LV� HTXDO� WR� WKH� /2�SKRQRQ� HQ�
HUJ\� RI� WKH� =Q6H� ODWWLFH� ������� H9���:LWK
WKH� LQFUHDVH� LQ� WLPH�� PD[LPD� RI� WKH� ORQJ
ZDYH� DQG� WKH� VKRUW� ZDYH� VHULHV� VKLIW� WR�
ZDUGV�WKH�ORQJ�ZDYH�UHJLRQ��
7KH� FKDQJH� RI� WKH� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� VSHF�
WUXP� RI� =Q6H� 1R��� LQGLFDWHV� WKDW� VKRUW
ZDYH� JORZ� LQWHQVLW\� LV� JHQHUDOO\� KLJKHU�
ZKLOH� WKH� DWWHQXDWLRQ� WLPH� LV� VKRUWHU� LQ
FRPSDULVRQ�ZLWK� WKH� ORQJ�ZDYH� VHULHV�� 7KH
ORJDULWKPLF�UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ�RI�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ
DWWHQXDWLRQ� FXUYHV� GHPRQVWUDWHG� WKDW� DW�
WHQXDWLRQ� NLQHWLFV� ZHUH� QRW� H[SRQHQWLDO�
DQG�FDQ�KDUGO\�EH�DSSUR[LPDWHG�ZLWK�H[SR�
QHQWLDO� VHJPHQWV�� ,W� ZDV� RQO\� SRVVLEOH� WR
FRQYHQWLRQDOO\� GHILQH� WKH� TXLFN� SULPDU\
VHJPHQW� DQG� WKH� VORZ� VXEVHTXHQW� VHJPHQW�
=Q6H� 1R��� VDPSOH� GHPRQVWUDWHG� WKH� GH�
FUHDVH�LQ�WKH�KDOI�ZLGWK�RI�VHSDUDWH�OLQHV�RI
WKH� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� HTXLGLVWDQW� VWUXFWXUH
ZLWK�WLPH��
:H� VWXGLHG� WKH� GHSHQGHQFH� RI� WKH� HGJH
HPLVVLRQ� LQWHQVLW\� RQ� WHPSHUDWXUH�� :H
IRXQG� WKDW� DV� WKH� WHPSHUDWXUH� LQFUHDVHG�
WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�ZDV�VXEMHFW�WR�WKH�VWURQJ
WKHUPDO� TXHQFKLQJ� �)LJ����� ���� 7KH� TXHQFK�
LQJ� DFWLYDWLRQ� HQHUJ\� �OPD[�a�����QP��&G61R����� FDOFXODWHG� RQ� WKH� EDVLV� RI� WKH� WHP�
SHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFH� OQ��W� �I���7��� HTXDOV
WR������H9��ZKLFK�FRUUHVSRQGV�WR�WKH�GRQRU
OHYHO�LQ�FDGPLXP�VXOSKLGH�
)LJ����� 6SHFWUD�RI�WKH�ORQJ�ZDYH�VHULHV�RI�&G6
1R���HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�������PV��������PV��������PV�
)LJ����� 6SHFWUD� RI� WKH� VKRUW� ZDYH� VHULHV� RI
&G6� 1R��� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ�� � ��Û� ��� QV�� ��Û
����QV���������QV���������QV�
9�,�2OHVKNR�HW�DO����(PLVVLRQ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
���5HVXOWV�GLVFXVVLRQ
$OO� WKH� REVHUYHG� SDWWHUQV� FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ
WKH� &G6� DQG� =Q6H� HPLVVLRQ� EDQGV� ORFDWHG
QHDU�WKH�HGJH�RI�IXQGDPHQWDO�DEVRUSWLRQ�DUH
W\SLFDO� IRU� WKH� OXPLQHVFHQFH� RI� GRQRU�DF�
FHSWRU� SDLUV� >��@�� LQ� SDUWLFXODU�� WKH� SUHV�
HQFH� RI� WKH� HTXLGLVWDQW� VWUXFWXUH� LQ� WKH
HPLVVLRQ�VSHFWUXP�FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ� WKH� LQWHU�
DFWLRQ�ZLWK� SKRQRQV� RI� WKLV� ODWWLFH�� WKH� NL�
QHWLFV�RI�GRQRU�DFFHSWRU�OXPLQHVFHQFH�LV�QRW
H[SRQHQWLDO�� WKH� GLIIHUHQFH� RI� OXPLQHVFHQFH
VSHFWUD� PHDVXUHG� DW� GLIIHUHQW� WLPHV� DIWHU
H[FLWDWLRQ�SXOVH��$W�VWDUWLQJ�PRPHQWV�DIWHU
WKH� H[FLWDWLRQ�� UHFRPELQDWLRQ� XVXDOO\� LQ�
YROYHV�VKRUW�UDQJH�SDLUV��%HFDXVH�RI�WKH�ORZ
SRVVLELOLW\� RI� LQWHULPSXULW\� WUDQVLWLRQV�
ORQJ�UDQJH� SDLUV� LOOXPLQDWH� ODWHU�� $V� D� UH�
VXOW��ZLWK�WKH�WLPH�UXQQLQJ�DIWHU�WKH�H[FLWD�
WLRQ� SXOVH�� WKH� VKRUW� ZDYH� VHULHV� DQG� WKH
ORQJ� ZDYH� VHULHV� EDQGV� RI� &G6� 1R��� VKLIW
WRZDUGV� WKH� ORQJ� ZDYH� �ORZ� HQHUJ\�� VSHF�
WUXP�UHJLRQ�IRU�������DQG�������H9�DFFRUG�
LQJO\�� ZKLOH� WKH� VKRUW� ZDYH� VHULHV� DQG� WKH
ORQJ�ZDYH�VHULHV�EDQGV�RI�RI�=Q6H�1R���DQG
=Q6H� 1R��� VKLIW� IRU� ����� H9�� $V� WKH� WHP�
SHUDWXUH� JURZV� LQ� WKH� UDQJH� IURP� ��� WR
���.�� WKH� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� LQWHQVLW\� GUDPDWL�
FDOO\�GHFUHDVHV��VHH�)LJ���������
)LJ����� (GJH� HPLVVLRQ� VSHFWUD� RI� =Q6H� 1R��
FU\VWDO� �ULJKW�� DQG� =Q6H� 1R��� FU\VWDO� �OHIW�
PHDVXUHG�DW�GLIIHUHQW�WLPHV�DIWHU�WKH�H[FLWD�
WLRQ�SXOVH�DW�7� ����.�
9�,�2OHVKNR�HW�DO����(PLVVLRQ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
7KH�LVVXHV�RI�HOHFWURQLF�WUDQVLWLRQ�PHFKD�
QLVPV�DQG�WKH�QDWXUH�RI�GHIHFWV�UHVSRQVLEOH
IRU�YDULRXV� VHULHV� RI� HGJH�HPLVVLRQ� LQ�$�%�FU\VWDOV� DUH� VWLOO� D� VXEMHFW� RI�PDQ\� GLVFXV�
VLRQV� >��@�� ,W� LV� EHOLHYHG� WKDW� GRQRUV� DUH
VKDOORZ��IRU�&G6��('� ������������H9��IRU=Q6H�� ('� ������������ H9��� ZKLOH� DF�FHSWRUV� FRUUHVSRQGLQJ� WR� ERWK� VHULHV� DUH
GHHS� �IRU� &G6�� ($� ���������� H9��� DQGKDYLQJ� WKH� FRPPRQ� QDWXUH�� 7KH� GRQRU�DF�
FHSWRU�SDLU�HPLVVLRQ�RFFXUV�LQ�WKH�IROORZLQJ
PDQQHU��7KH�QRQHTXLOLEULXP�HOHFWURQ�LV�FDS�
WXUHG� E\� WKH� LRQL]HG� SRVLWLYHO\� FKDUJHG
GRQRU�ZLWKRXW�HPLVVLRQ��WKH�HOHFWURQ�KROH�LV
FDSWXUHG� E\� WKH� LRQL]HG� DFFHSWRU�� DQG� WKHQ
WKH� HPLWWLQJ� WUDQVLWLRQ� RI� WKH� HOHFWURQ� RF�
FXUV�IURP�WKH�GRQRU�WR�WKH�DFFHSWRU��
7KH� HQHUJ\� RI� WKH� HPLWWHG� SKRWRQ� LV� GH�
VFULEHG�ZLWK�WKH�IROORZLQJ�IRUPXOD�
KQ� �(J����('���($����H��e��HH�5� ���
ZKHUH�('�DQG�($�DUH�HQHUJ\�OHYHO�SRVLWLRQVRI� GRQRU� DQG� DFFHSWRU� OHYHOV� UHODWLYHO\� WR
WKH�HGJHV�RI�QHDUHVW�DUHDV��5�LV�WKH�LQWHULP�
SXULW\� GLVWDQFH�� H� LV� WKH� GLHOHFWULF� FDSDFL�
WDQFH��
)RUPXOD�����LV�SUHVHQWHG�ZLWK�QR�DFFRXQW
WDNHQ�RI�WKH�LQILQLWHVLPDO�VXPPDQG�FKDUDF�
WHUL]LQJ�WKH�GLIIHUHQFH�EHWZHHQ�WKH�LQWHULP�
SXULW\�LQWHUDFWLRQ�DQG�WKH�&RXORPE�LQWHUDF�
WLRQ�IRU�WKH�FORVHVW�SDLUV��
1R� LQYHVWLJDWLRQV� KDYH� EHHQ� FDUULHG� VR
IDU� ZKLFK� ZRXOG� XQDPELJXRXVO\� GHVFULEH
WKH�SK\VLFDO�DQG�FKHPLFDO�QDWXUH�RI�WKH�GH�
IHFWV� UHVSRQVLEOH� IRU� WKH� YDULRXV� VHULHV� RI
HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� LQ� XQGRSHG�$�%�� FU\VWDOV�� ,WLV� VXSSRVHG� WKDW� ERWK� RZQ� GHIHFWV� DQG
GRSDQW� DWRPV� FDQ� DFW� DV� GRQRUV� DQG� DF�
FHSWRUV��$�VHSDUDWH�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�RI�WKH�QD�
WXUH� RI� FHQWUHV� UHVSRQVLEOH� IRU� WKH� HGJH
HPLVVLRQ� RI� WKH� FU\VWDOV� LV� UHTXLUHG�� ZKLFK
ZRXOG�VXUSDVV�WKH�VFRSH�RI�WKLV�ZRUN�
���&RQFOXVLRQV�
� 8VLQJ� WKH� SXOVH� VSHFWURPHWU\� PHWKRG�
ZH� PHDVXUHG� WKH� VSHFWUDO� DQG� NLQHWLF� SD�
UDPHWHUV� RI� WKH� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ� LQ� XQGRSHG
FDGPLXP�VXOSKLGH�DQG�]LQF�VHOHQLGH�FU\VWDOV
RI� GLIIHUHQW� SUHKLVWRU\� ZLWKLQ� WKH� UDQJH
IURP� ���� WR� ���� V� DQG� D� WHPSHUDWXUH� RI
���.��,W�ZDV�IRXQG�RXW�WKDW�WKH�QXPEHU�RI
HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�VHULHV��WKHLU�LQWHQVLW\�FRUUHOD�
WLRQ�DQG�VSHFWUDO�SRVLWLRQ�DUH�GHWHUPLQHG�E\
WKH� FU\VWDOV� SUHKLVWRU\�� :H� PHDVXUHG� WKH
WLPH� VKLIW�RI� VKRUW�ZDYH�DQG� ORQJ�ZDYH�VH�
ULHV�RI�WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�RI�DFWXDO�&G6�DQG
=Q6H� FU\VWDOV� DIWHU� WKH� H[FLWDWLRQ� SXOVH�� ,W
ZDV� GHPRQVWUDWHG� WKDW�� GHSHQGLQJ� RQ� WKH
FU\VWDO� W\SH�� WKH� PD[LPD� RI� HGJH� HPLVVLRQ
OLQHV� VKLIW� WR� WKH� ORQJ� ZDYH� VSHFWUXP� UH�
JLRQV� IRU������������H9��7KH�WHPSHUDWXUH
GHSHQGHQFH�RI�WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�ZDV� LQYHV�
WLJDWHG��,W�ZDV�UHYHDOHG�WKDW�ZKHQ�WKH�WHP�
SHUDWXUH� LQFUHDVHV� ZLWKLQ� D� UDQJH� RI� ��Ü
���.�� WKH� WRWDO� LQWHQVLW\� RI� WKH� HGJH� HPLV�
VLRQ� UHGXFHV� PRUH� WKDQ� E\� DQ� RUGHU� RI
PDJQLWXGH��7KH�UHVXOWV�RI�WKH�LQYHVWLJDWLRQV
VXSSRUW�WKH�GRQRU�DQG�DFFHSWRU�PRGHO�RI�WKH
FHQWUHV�UHVSRQVLEOH�IRU�WKH�HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�RI
XQGRSHG�&G6�DQG�=Q6H�FU\VWDOV�JURZQ�IURP
WKH� YDSRXU� SKDVH� E\� WKH� VXEOLPDWLRQ
PHWKRG�
5HIHUHQFHV
� ���3�-�'HDQ�� -�/�0HUV�� 3K\V��5HY��� ����� ����
���������
)LJ�����7HPSHUDWXUH�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�&G6�1R��
HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�LQWHQVLW\��OPD[�a�����QP�� )LJ�����7HPSHUDWXUH�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�=Q6H�1R��
HGJH�HPLVVLRQ�LQWHQVLW\��OPD[�a�����QP��
9�,�2OHVKNR�HW�DO����(PLVVLRQ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI����
��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������
� ���&�%�2K�� -�)�:DQJ�� 0�,VVKLNL�� 3K\V��6WDWXV
6ROLGL�&������������������
� ���.�$NLPRWR��7�0L\DMLPD��<�0RUL��3K\V��5HY��%�
�������������������
� ���0�0ROGRYDQ�� 7�+�0\HUV�� 1�*�*LOHV�� -��$SSO�
3K\V��������������������
� ���)�-�%U\DQW�� &�-�5DGIRUG�� -��3K\V��&�6ROLG� 6W�
3K\V�������������������
� ���/�6�3HGURWWL��3K\V��5HY��������������������
� ���$�$�'DY\GRY��(�9�0DUNRY��3URFHHGLQJV�RI�WKH
5XVV��$FDG��6FL��6HU��,QRUJDQ��0DWHU�����������
��������
{Ò¹¯ºä�Ó
mÈã Ó��²È¯È}�˯Ұ�Ò}Ò�ºÓº¯Óº�È}�˹�º¯ÓÒ²�¹È¯���}¯Ò°�ÈãȲ�=Q6H���&G6�
{�´��|ãË�}º��v�v�{�ã �ÒÓ° }È��{�l��Ò°Ò�ÒÓ��{�j�zº¯Ë¹ÈÓºm��
{Òm�ËÓº�}¯È¼mË�mÒ¹¯ºä�Ó
mÈÓÓ«�ÓËãË�ºmÈÓÒ²�äºÓº}¯Ò°�Èã�m�&G6���=Q6H��{°�ÈÓºmãË�
Óº�� �º� �� °¹Ë}�¯È²� �ä¹�ã °Óº�� }È�º�ºã
ä�Ó˰�ËÓ���� }¯Ò°�Èã�m� ¹¯Ò� �Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯�� ��� z
°¹º°�˯��È
� °«� �m�� °Ë¯��� °ä��� }¯È¼mº�º� mÒ¹¯ºä�Ó
mÈÓÓ«� Ï� Ë}m��Ò°�ÈÓ�Óº
� °�¯�}���
¯º
� Ü� }º¯º�}º²mÒã ºmÈ� °Ë¯�«� �� �ºm�º²mÒã ºmÈ�� iº°ã��ÎËÓº� �Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯Ó�� ÏÈãËÎÓ�°�
}¯È¼mº�º�mÒ¹¯ºä�Ó
mÈÓÓ«�m� �Ó�˯mÈã��������z� �� °¹Ë}�¯Ò�¹�°ã«°m��ËÓÓ«�����ȹÈϺÓ��m��
��Ü���º���Ü��°��
�
�
����
9�,�2OHVKNR�HW�DO����(PLVVLRQ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI����
)XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���
|