Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Functional Materials
Datum:2011
Hauptverfasser: Popov, P.A., Solomennik, V.D., Belyaev, P.V., Lytvynov, L.A., Puzikov, V.M.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України 2011
Schlagworte:
Online Zugang:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135596
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Назва журналу:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Zitieren:Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range / P.A. Popov, V.D. Solomennik, P.V. Belyaev, L.A. Lytvynov, V.M. Puzikov // Functional Materials. — 2011. — Т. 18, № 4. — С. 476-480. — Бібліогр.: 17 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-135596
record_format dspace
spelling Popov, P.A.
Solomennik, V.D.
Belyaev, P.V.
Lytvynov, L.A.
Puzikov, V.M.
2018-06-15T12:38:08Z
2018-06-15T12:38:08Z
2011
Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range / P.A. Popov, V.D. Solomennik, P.V. Belyaev, L.A. Lytvynov, V.M. Puzikov // Functional Materials. — 2011. — Т. 18, № 4. — С. 476-480. — Бібліогр.: 17 назв. — англ.
1027-5495
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135596
en
НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
Functional Materials
Characterization and properties
Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
Теплопровідність чистих і легованих Cr³⁺ і Ti³⁺ монокристалів Al₂O₃ в інтервалі температур 50-300 K
Article
published earlier
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
title Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
spellingShingle Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
Popov, P.A.
Solomennik, V.D.
Belyaev, P.V.
Lytvynov, L.A.
Puzikov, V.M.
Characterization and properties
title_short Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
title_full Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
title_fullStr Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
title_full_unstemmed Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range
title_sort thermal conductivity of pure and cr³⁺ and ti³⁺ doped al₂o₃ crystals in 50-300 k temperature range
author Popov, P.A.
Solomennik, V.D.
Belyaev, P.V.
Lytvynov, L.A.
Puzikov, V.M.
author_facet Popov, P.A.
Solomennik, V.D.
Belyaev, P.V.
Lytvynov, L.A.
Puzikov, V.M.
topic Characterization and properties
topic_facet Characterization and properties
publishDate 2011
language English
container_title Functional Materials
publisher НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
format Article
title_alt Теплопровідність чистих і легованих Cr³⁺ і Ti³⁺ монокристалів Al₂O₃ в інтервалі температур 50-300 K
issn 1027-5495
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/135596
citation_txt Thermal conductivity of pure and Cr³⁺ and Ti³⁺ doped Al₂O₃ crystals in 50-300 K temperature range / P.A. Popov, V.D. Solomennik, P.V. Belyaev, L.A. Lytvynov, V.M. Puzikov // Functional Materials. — 2011. — Т. 18, № 4. — С. 476-480. — Бібліогр.: 17 назв. — англ.
work_keys_str_mv AT popovpa thermalconductivityofpureandcr3andti3dopedal2o3crystalsin50300ktemperaturerange
AT solomennikvd thermalconductivityofpureandcr3andti3dopedal2o3crystalsin50300ktemperaturerange
AT belyaevpv thermalconductivityofpureandcr3andti3dopedal2o3crystalsin50300ktemperaturerange
AT lytvynovla thermalconductivityofpureandcr3andti3dopedal2o3crystalsin50300ktemperaturerange
AT puzikovvm thermalconductivityofpureandcr3andti3dopedal2o3crystalsin50300ktemperaturerange
AT popovpa teploprovídnístʹčistihílegovanihcr3íti3monokristalíval2o3víntervalítemperatur50300k
AT solomennikvd teploprovídnístʹčistihílegovanihcr3íti3monokristalíval2o3víntervalítemperatur50300k
AT belyaevpv teploprovídnístʹčistihílegovanihcr3íti3monokristalíval2o3víntervalítemperatur50300k
AT lytvynovla teploprovídnístʹčistihílegovanihcr3íti3monokristalíval2o3víntervalítemperatur50300k
AT puzikovvm teploprovídnístʹčistihílegovanihcr3íti3monokristalíval2o3víntervalítemperatur50300k
first_indexed 2025-11-25T07:02:05Z
last_indexed 2025-11-25T07:02:05Z
_version_ 1850506524842000384
fulltext 7KHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�SXUH�DQG�&U��DQG�7L�� GRSHG�$O�2� FU\VWDOV�LQ���Ü����.WHPSHUDWXUH�UDQJH 3�$�3RSRY��9�'�6RORPHQQLN�3�9�%HO\DHY ��/�$�/\WY\QRY ��9�0�3X]LNRY %U\DQVN�6WDWH�8QLYHUVLW\�����%H]KLWVND\D�6WU����������%U\DQVN��5XVVLD ,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV��67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV�� 1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI�8NUDLQH�� ���/HQLQ�$YH���������.KDUNLY��8NUDLQH 5HFHLYHG�-XO\�������� 7KHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� SXUH� DQG� FKURPLXP�� DQG� WLWDQLXP�GRSHG�DÜ$O�2�� FU\VWDOV� LVVWXGLHG�ZLWKLQ� � ��Ü����z� WHPSHUDWXUH� LQWHUYDO�� ,W� LV� VKRZQ� WKDW� WKH� DGGLWLRQV� RI� FKUR� PLXP� DQG� WLWDQLXP� DV�ZHOO� DV� KLJK�WHPSHUDWXUH� DQQHDOLQJ� HVVHQWLDOO\� HIIHFW� WKH� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�WKH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�FU\VWDOV�� j°°ãË�ºmÈÓÈ��˹㺹¯ºmº�Óº°� ��Ò°�©²�Ò�ãË�Ò¯ºmÈÓÓ©²�²¯ºäºä�Ò��Ò�ÈÓºä�}¯Ò°�Èã� ãºm�DÜ$O�2��m�ÒÓ�˯mÈãË��Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯���Ü����z���º}ÈÏÈÓº�ÏÓÈ�Ò�Ëã ÓºË�mãÒ«ÓÒË��º­Èmº}²¯ºäÈ���Ò�ÈÓÈ�Ò�m©°º}º�Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯Óº�º�º�ÎÒ�È�ÓÈ��˹㺹¯ºmº�Óº°� �}¯Ò°�Èããºm�� ���,QWURGXFWLRQ� 7KH� FU\VWDO� ODWWLFH� RI� DÜ$O�2�� LV� DQLVRW�URSLF� DQG�EHORQJV� WR� WKH�GLWULJRQDO�VFDOHQR� KHGUDO� V\PPHWU\� FODVV� �� P� >�@�� 7KH� SXUH FU\VWDOV� �OHXFRVDSSKLUH�� SRVVHVV� KLJK� WKHU� PDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\�� 7KHUHIRUH�� OHXFRVDSSKLUH FRDWLQJV�DUH�XVHG�DV�HOHPHQWV�UHPRYLQJ�KHDW IURP� VRPH� ODVHU� FU\VWDOV� ZKLFK� KDYH� ORZ WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\�� 7KH� WHPSHUDWXUH� GH� SHQGHQFHV�RI�WKH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLRQ�RI�OHX� FRVDSSKLUH� DUH� ZHOO�NQRZQ� >�Ü�@�� $O�2��0H FU\VWDOV� DUH�ZLGHO\�XVHG� DV� DFWLYH�PHGLD� RI VROLG� ODVHUV�� 8S� WR� QRZ�� WKH� LQIOXHQFH� RI WKHLU� GRSLQJ� DGGLWLRQV� DQG� FU\VWDOORJUDSKLF IHDWXUHV�RQ�YDOXH�RI�WKH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLY� LW\�KDV� EHHQ�VWXGLHG� LQVXIILFLHQWO\��7KH�H[� LVWLQJ� WKHRU\� >��� �@� GRHV� QRW� DOORZ� WR� UHOL� DEO\� FDOFXODWH� VXFK� D� NLQHWLF� FKDUDFWHULVWLF RI�WKH�PDWHULDO��7KDW�LV�ZK\�H[SHULPHQWDOO\ GHWHUPLQHG�WHPSHUDWXUH�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�WKHU� PDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� N�7�� LV� D� XVHIXO� FHUWLILFD� WLRQ� FKDUDFWHULVWLF� RI� WKH� FU\VWDO� FRQQHFWHG ZLWK�LWV�VWUXFWXUH�DQG�FRPSRVLWLRQ��7KLV�LQ� IRUPDWLRQ�LV�DOVR�QHFHVVDU\�IRU�UHYLVLRQ�DQG GHYHORSPHQW� RI� WKH� WKHRU\� RI� KHDW� WUDQVIHU LQ� GLHOHFWULF� VLQJOH� FU\VWDOV� ZLWK� GLIIHUHQW FRQWHQW�RI�GHIHFWV�� 7KH� JRDO� RI� WKH� SUHVHQW� UHVHDUFK� ZDV� WR H[SHULPHQWDOO\� GHWHUPLQH� WKH� WKHUPDO� FRQ� GXFWLYLW\�RI�SXUH�DQG�GRSHG�FRUXQGXP�FU\V� WDOV�ZLWKLQ���Ü����.�WHPSHUDWXUH�LQWHUYDO� ���([SHULPHQWDO�SURFHGXUH 7KH�VWXG\�ZDV�SHUIRUPHG�RQ�WKH�VDPSOHV RI� OHXFRVDSSKLUH� JURZQ� E\� WKH� .\URSRXORV PHWKRG� >�@�� WKH� 9HUQHXLO� UXE\� $O�2��&U� >�@DQG�WLFRU�$O�2��7L��JURZQ�E\�WKH�&]RFKUDOVNLPHWKRG�>��@��$OO�WKH�VDPSOHV�KDG�WKH�GLPHQ� VLRQV��u�u���PP���WKHLU�ORQJ�D[HV�ZHUH�RULHQWHG DORQJ� WKH� FU\VWDOORJUDSKLF� GLUHFWLRQV �����!������ BB �!�DQG����� BB �!�WR�DQ�DFFXUDF\�RI WR���� 7R�UHYHDO�WKH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�R[\JHQ�YDFDQ� FLHV�RQ� WKH� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLRQ�RI� WKH�FU\V� WDOV�� ZH� VWXGLHG� WKH� OHXFRVDSSKLUH� VDPSOHV DQQHDOHG� XQGHU� UHGXFWLYH� FRQGLWLRQV� ��� K� �����&��DQG�LQ�YDFXXP������K�������&���7KH )XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� �������Û�67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� DQQHDOLQJ� LQ� &2���&2�� DWPRVSKHUH� DW� WKHUHGXFWLRQ�SRWHQWLDO� RI� WKH�PHGLXP�HTXDO� WR ���� N-�PROH� UDLVHV� WKH� GHQVLW\� RI� DQLRQLF YDFDQFLHV�XS�WR������FPÜ��>��@� 7KH�YDOXH�RI�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�LQ���Ü ����.�WHPSHUDWXUH�LQWHUYDO�ZDV�GHWHUPLQHG H[SHULPHQWDOO\� E\� WKH�PHWKRG� RI� ORQJLWXGL� QDO�KHDW�IORZ�XVLQJ�WKH�IDFLOLWLHV�DQG�PHDV� XUHPHQW� SURFHGXUH� GHVFULEHG� LQ� >��@�� 7KH HUURU� RI� WKH� GHWHUPLQDWLRQ� RI� WKH� DEVROXWH WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� YDOXH� LQ� WKH�ZKROH� RI WKH�VWXGLHG�WHPSHUDWXUH�LQWHUYDO�GLG�QRW�H[� FHHG�r����� ��5HVXOWV�DQG�GLVFXVVLRQ /HXFRVDSSKLUH�� 7KH� GHSHQGHQFH� N�7�� IRU OHXFRVDSSKLUH� VDPSOHV� RI� GLIIHUHQW� FU\VWDO� ORJUDSKLF�RULHQWDWLRQ�LV�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJ�����$W URRP� WHPSHUDWXUH� N�7�� LV� FRQVLGHUDEO\ VWURQJHU� WKDQ� WKH�FODVVLFDO�7Ü�� GHSHQGHQFH� ,Q�DOO� WKH�WKUHH�FDVHV� LW� LV�GHVFULEHG�E\�WKH IXQFWLRQ�7Ü�����,Q�WKH�YLFLQLW\�RI�7� �����. WKLV�GHSHQGHQFH�WHQGV�WR�|7Ü�����$W�WKH�ORZ� HVW� RI� WKH� FRQVLGHUHG� WHPSHUDWXUHV� WKH FXUYHV� VWDUW� UHDFKLQJ� WKH� ORZ�WHPSHUDWXUH )LJ����� 7HPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�OHXFRVDSSKLUH�DORQJ�WKH�FU\V� WDOORJUDSKLF� GLUHFWLRQV�� �� Û� ���� BB �!�� �� Û �����!�����Û����� BB �!� 7DEOH��6PRRWKHG�YDOXHV�RI�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\��:��P�.�� 7��. $O�2� $O�2��&U $O�2��7L ���� BB �! �����! ���� BB �! &U������� &U���� 7L������� 7L������� 7L������� �� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� �� �� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� �� �� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� �� �� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���� �� �� ���� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ���� �� �� ���� ��� ��� ��� �� ��� ���� �� �� ���� ��� �� �� �� �� ���� �� �� ���� ��� �� �� �� �� ���� ���� �� ���� ��� �� �� ���� �� ���� ���� �� ���� ��� ���� �� ���� �� ���� ���� �� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� 3�$�3RSRY�HW�DO����7KHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�SXUH���� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� PD[LPXP� FKDUDFWHULVWLF� RI� VLQJOH� FU\VWDOV� )RU�FRUXQGXP�FU\VWDOV�WKLV�PD[LPXP�LV�RE� VHUYHG� DW� UHODWLYHO\� KLJK� WHPSHUDWXUH 7�|���� .� >��@�� +RZHYHU�� DOO� WKH�PHQWLRQHG IHDWXUHV� DUH� W\SLFDO� RI� WKH� FU\VWDOV� ZLWK KLJK�PHOWLQJ� WHPSHUDWXUH� �7P$O�2�� � ������. >�@�� DQG�� FRQVHTXHQWO\�� KLJK� FKDUDFWHULVWLF 'HE\H� WHPSHUDWXUH� �DFFRUGLQJ� WR� WKH� FDO� RULPHWULF� GDWD� >��@�� IRU�$O�2��4'� ������.DW�7� �����.�� $W� 7� ����� .� WKH� DEVROXWH� YDOXHV� RI WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� �VHH� 7DEOH�� OLH� ZLWKLQ WKH� OLPLWV� RI� WKH� NQRZQ� OLWHUDWXUH� GDWD� IRU OHXFRVDSSKLUH� � >�����@�� $W� 7� ���� .� WKH YDOXH� RI� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� IRU� WKH� FU\V� WDOORJUDSKLF� GLUHFWLRQ� ���� BB �!� LV� FORVH� WR ���N:W��P�.��WKDW�WHVWLILHV�WKDW�WKH�FU\VWDO KDV�KLJK�FKHPLFDO�SXULW\�DQG�VWUXFWXUH�SHU� IHFWLRQ� �WKH� DEVHQFH� RI� D� ODUJH� QXPEHU� RI SRLQW�GHIHFWV�� 7KH� REWDLQHG� UHVXOWV� DOVR�SHUPLW� WR� HVWL� PDWH�WKH�DQLVRWURS\�RI�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\ RI�OHXFRVDSSKLUH��3UHVHQWHG�LQ�)LJ����DUH�WKH SRLQWV� H�7�� RI� WKH� WHPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFH RI� WKH� UHODWLYH� GLIIHUHQFH� RI� WKH� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\� DORQJ� WKH� FU\VWDOORJUDSKLF� GL� UHFWLRQV�FDOFXODWHG�IURP�WKH�IRUPXODH�� H�� ��N���BB����N������e�N����� H�� ��N�������N���BB���e�N���BB�� H�� ��N���BB����N���BB���e�N���BB�� 7KH� VDLG� ILJXUH� VKRZV� WKH� SUHVHQFH� RI WZR�EDQGV�ZLWK�WKH�ERXQGDULHV�H� �&RQVW�7� �r����� �FRUUHVSRQGLQJ� WR� WKH� HUURU� RI� WKH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ� RI� WKH� DEVROXWH� WKHUPDO� FRQ� GXFWLYLW\� YDOXH�� DQG� H� �&RQVW�7�� �r���� �FRUUHVSRQGLQJ� WR� UHSURGXFLELOLW\� RI� WKH PHDVXUHG� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� YDOXH� DQG� FRQVHTXHQWO\�� WKH� SRVVLELOLW\� RI� WKH� H[SHUL� PHQWDO�SURFHGXUH�LQ�VDPSOHV�FRPSDULVRQ���� 7KH� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� OHXFRVDS� SKLUH� LV� DQLVRWURSLF� LQ� D� ZLGH� WHPSHUDWXUH UHJLRQ�� $W� 7� ���� .� WKH� YDOXH� RI� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\� IRU� WKH� GLUHFWLRQV� ���� BB �!� LV WZLFH� DV� KLJK� LQ� FRPSDULVRQ� ZLWK� WKDW� IRU ���� BB �!��)RU�WKLV�SDLU�RI�WKH�GLUHFWLRQV�WKH DQLVRWURS\� LQGH[� H�!��� ZLWKLQ� WKH�ZKROH� RI WKH�LQYHVWLJDWHG�WHPSHUDWXUH�LQWHUYDO�� $QRWKHU� VLWXDWLRQ� LV� REVHUYHG� IRU� WKH SDLU�RI� WKH�GLUHFWLRQV����� BB �!�DQG������!� $W� WKH� ORZHVW� RI� WKH� VWXGLHG� WHPSHUDWXUHV WKH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�DORQJ�WKH�GLUHFWLRQ ���� BB �!� LV� HVVHQWLDOO\� KLJKHU� WKDQ� WKH� RQH DORQJ� WKH� WKLUG�RUGHU� D[LV� �����!�� +RZ� HYHU��LQ�WKH�YLFLQLW\�RI�7� �����.�WKH�UHOD� WLRQ� EHWZHHQ� WKH� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� YDO� XHV� EHFRPHV� UHYHUVHG�� ZLWK� WKH� ULVH� RI� WKH WHPSHUDWXUH� WKH� REWDLQHG� N�7�� YDOXHV� WXUQ RXW�WR�EH�WKH�VDPH��� 7KH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�IRU�WKH�GLUHFWLRQ ���� BB �!� LV� WKH� ORZHVW� DPRQJ� DOO� WKH� LQYHVWL� JDWHG�YDOXHV��DW�OHDVW�LQ���Ü����.�UDQJH��� $� ]LJ]DJ� ORFDWLRQ� RI� WKH� SRLQWV� RI� WKH JUDSK� H�� LQ� WKH� UHJLRQ� RI� ��Ü����.� VHHPVWR�EH�FDXVHG�E\�KLJK�VHQVLWLYLW\�RI�WKH�HIIL� FLHQF\� RI� SKRQRQ� VFDWWHULQJ� WR� GLIIHUHQW VWUXFWXUH� GHIHFWV� �LQHYLWDEO\� SUHVHQW� LQ VPDOO� TXDQWLWLHV� HYHQ� LQ� XQGRSHG� FU\VWDOV�� DV�ZHOO� DV� E\� WKH� FKDUDFWHU� RI� WKLV� VFDWWHU� LQJ�GHSHQGLQJ�RQ�WKH�WHPSHUDWXUH��� )LJ����� 7HPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� UXE\� FU\VWDOV� ZLWK� GLIIHUHQW FKURPLXP�FRQWHQW����Û�QRPLQDOO\�SXUH����Û ����������Û����� )LJ����� 7HPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� DQLVRW� URS\� RI� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� IRU� OHXFRVDS� SKLUH����Û�H�����Û�H�����Û�H�� 3�$�3RSRY�HW�DO����7KHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�SXUH���� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� 7KH� VSUHDG� RI� WKH� SRLQWV� N�7�� ZLWK� UH� VSHFW� WR� WKH� DSSUR[LPDWLQJ� YDOXHV� PD\� EH H[SODLQHG� E\� WKH� XVH� RI� URXQGHG�RII� WDEX� ODWHG� YDOXHV� RI� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� LQ� WKH FDOFXODWLRQV�RI�H�7��� $O�2��&U� FU\VWDOV� �UXELHV���:H� FRPSDUHG WKH� YDOXHV� RI� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� WZR UXE\�FU\VWDOV�ZLWK�GLIIHUHQW�FRQWHQW�RI�FKUR� PLXP��,Q�RQH�RI�WKH�VDPSOHV�WKH�FRQFHQWUD� WLRQ�RI�FKURPLXP�ZDV�W\SLFDO�RI�ODVHU�UXELHV ������ DW������ 7KH� RWKHU� � VDPSOH� FRQWDLQHG �� DW���� � RI� FKURPLXP��ZKLFK�ZDV� FORVH� WR WKH� OLPLWLQJ� FKURPLXP� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� LQ GDUN�UHG�UXE\��6KRZQ�LQ�)LJ����DUH�WKH�WHP� SHUDWXUH�GHSHQGHQFHV�RI� WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLY� LW\� IRU� UXE\� ZLWK� ORZ� DQG� KLJK� FRQFHQWUD� WLRQV� RI� FKURPLXP�� 3UHVHQWHG� IRU� FRPSDUL� VRQ� LV� WKH� FXUYH� N�7�� IRU� OHXFRVDSSKLUH JURZQ� E\� WKH� .\URSRXORV� PHWKRG�� $V� LV VHHQ�� ORZ� TXDQWLW\� RI�&U� ������ DW���� LV� UH� VSRQVLEOH� IRU� VPDOO� GLPLQXWLRQ� RI� WKH� WKHU� PDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� UXE\� LQ� FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK� WKDW� RI� WKH� XQGRSHG� VDSSKLUH� VDPSOH ZLWKLQ� WKH� ZKROH� RI� WKH� LQYHVWLJDWHG� N�7� LQWHUYDO�� 2Q� WKH� FRQWUDU\�� �� DW���� FRQWHQW FDXVHV�D�FDUGLQDO�GHFUHDVH�RI�WKH�FRQVLGHUHG FKDUDFWHULVWLF�� $W� 7� ���� .� WKH� GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ� WKH� YDOXHV� RI� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\ RI� WKH� UHIHUHQFH� VDPSOH� DQG� WKH� GRSHG� RQH �FRQWDLQLQJ���DW����RI�&U�� LV�PRUH� WKDQ�DQ RUGHU� RI� PDJQLWXGH�� DW� URRP� WHPSHUDWXUH VXFK�D�GLIIHUHQFH�LV�D�TXDUWHU�RI�DQ�RUGHU���� $O�2��7L� FU\VWDOV�� 7KH� UHVXOWV� RI� WKHVWXG\� RI� WKH� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI $O�2��7L��� �WLFRU��VLQJOH�FU\VWDOV�LQ�FRPSDUL�VRQ�ZLWK�WKH�GDWD�REWDLQHG�IRU�N�7��RI�6DP� SOH���LQ�>��@�DUH�VKRZQ�LQ�)LJ���������� $V�LV�VHHQ��WKH�GRSLQJ�RI�FRUXQGXP�ZLWK WLWDQLXP� JLYHV� ULVH� WR� D� FRQVLGHUDEOH� GH� FUHDVH� RI� WKH� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� YDOXH� 7KH� REWDLQHG� N�7�� GHSHQGHQFHV� FKDUDFWHUL]H WKLV��PDWHULDO�DV�D�KLJKO\�FRQFHQWUDWHG�VROLG VROXWLRQ��6XFK�D�IRUP�RI�WKH�FXUYHV�WHVWLILHV WR� WKH� FU\VWDO� VWUXFWXUH� LPSHUIHFWLRQ�� 7KH GHJUHH�RI�WHPSHUDWXUH�PD[LPXP�GLIIXVHQHVV LQFUHDVHV� ZLWK� WKH� ULVH� RI� WKH� GRSLQJ� DGGL� WLRQ�FRQFHQWUDWLRQ��DQG�WKLV�PD[LPXP�VKLIWV WRZDUGV�KLJKHU�WHPSHUDWXUHV��ZKLFK�LV�W\SLFDO RI�GLHOHFWULF�VLQJOH�FU\VWDOV�ZLWK�GLIIHUHQW�GH� JUHH�RI�VWUXFWXUH�LPSHUIHFWLRQ�>�@�� 7KH�GHFUHDVH�RI�WKH�TXDQWLW\�RI�7L���LRQV �ZKLFK� LVRPRUSKLFDOO\� UHSODFH� $O��� LRQV� LQ $O�2�� ODWWLFH�� JLYHV� ULVH� WR� D� QRWLFHDEOH� LQ�FUHDVH�RI�WKH�GHJUHH�RI�FU\VWDO�VWUXFWXUH�LP� SHUIHFWLRQ�� 7KLV� LV� H[SODLQHG� E\� WKH� IDFW WKDW� WKH� FRHIILFLHQW� RI� WLWDQLXP� LQFRUSRUD� WLRQ� LQWR� WKH� FU\VWDO� ODWWLFH� �|����� LV� HVVHQ� WLDOO\�ORZHU�WKDQ�WKDW�RI�FKURPLXP�>��@��:H DVVXPH� WKDW� QRQ�XQLIRUP� GLVWULEXWLRQ� RI 7L��� LRQV� LQ� WKH� EXON� RI� WKH� LQYHVWLJDWHG VDPSOH�LV�FRQQHFWHG�ZLWK�FU\VWDO�JURZWK�SH� FXOLDULWLHV�OHDGLQJ�WR�WKH�DSSHDUDQFH�RI�ORFDO VWUHVV�PD[LPD� >��@�ZKLFK�PD\�FDXVH� � � FRQ� VLGHUDEOH� SKRQRQ� VFDWWHULQJ� LQ� D� ZLGH� WHP� SHUDWXUH� UDQJH� DQG� WKH� FRUUHVSRQGLQJ� GH� FUHDVH�RI�WKH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\� ,QIOXHQFH�RI�KLJK�WHPSHUDWXUH�DQQHDOLQJ� 7KH�UHVXOWV�RI�WKH�VWXG\�RI�WKHUPDO�FRQGXF� WLYLW\� IRU� WZR� DQQHDOHG� OHXFRVDSSKLUH� VDP� SOHV� LQ� FRPSDULVRQ� ZLWK� WKDW� RI� WKH� LQLWLDO VDPSOH�ZKLFK�KDV�WKH�VDPH�FU\VWDOORJUDSKLF GLUHFWLRQ�RI�WKH�ORQJ�D[LV�Û����� BB �!�Û�DUH SUHVHQWHG� LQ� )LJ���� LQ� OLQHDU� VFDOH� IRU� 7�� ���.� $� ZHDN� HIIHFW� RI� WKH� DQQHDOLQJ� LV� RE� VHUYHG�DW�WKH�ORZHVW�DPRQJ�WKH�VWXGLHG�WHP� SHUDWXUHV�� ,Q� ERWK� FDVHV� WKH� ORZ�WHPSHUD� WXUH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\� LQFUHDVHV�LQ�FRP� SDULVRQ� ZLWK� N�7�� RI� WKH� QRQ�DQQHDOHG VDPSOH��7KLV�PD\�EH�H[SODLQHG�E\�WKH�HIIHFW )LJ����� 7HPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� OHXFRVDSSKLUH�� ��Û� DIWHU� UH� GXFLQJ�DQQHDOLQJ����Û�DIWHU�YDFXXP�DQQHDO� LQJ����Û�ZLWKRXW�DQQHDOLQJ��� )LJ����� 7HPSHUDWXUH� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI� WLFRU�ZLWK�GLIIHUHQW�WLWDQLXP FRQWHQW�� ��Û� QRPLQDOO\� SXUH�� ��Û�������� ��Û�����������Û����������Û������� 3�$�3RSRY�HW�DO����7KHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�SXUH���� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� RI�VWUXFWXUH�QRUPDOL]DWLRQ�DW�KLJK�WHPSHUD� WXUH� DQQHDOLQJ��DV�ZHOO� DV�E\� WKH�GHFUHDVHG OHYHO�RI�WKH�WRWDO�DQG�ORFDO�VWUHVVHV�� ���&RQFOXVLRQV 7KH� WKHUPDO� FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� QRPLQDOO\ SXUH�DÛ$O�2��� DV�ZHOO� DV�RI� FKURPLXP�DQGWLWDQLXP�GRSHG� FU\VWDOV�� LV� VWXGLHG� H[SHUL� PHQWDOO\��7KH�REWDLQHG�UHVXOWV�DOORZ�WR�FRQ� FOXGH� WKDW� WKH� DGGLWLRQV� RI� FKURPLXP� DQG WLWDQLXP�FRQVLGHUDEO\�LQIOXHQFH�WKH�WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\� RI� WKH� FU\VWDOV��+LJK�WHPSHUD� WXUH� DQQHDOLQJ� LQFUHDVHV� WKH� ORZ�WHPSHUD� WXUH�WKHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�� 7KH� ZRUN� ZDV� VXSSRUWHG� LQ� SDUW� E\� WKH JUDQW������������� LQ� WKH� IUDPH�RI�WKH�SUR� JUDP� �'HYHORSPHQW� RI� VFLHQWLILF� SRWHQWLDO RI� KLJKHU� VFKRRO�� RI�0LQLVWU\� RI� (GXFDWLRQ DQG�6FLHQFH�RI�5XVVLDQ�)HGHUDWLRQ� 5HIHUHQFHV � ���,�9�%HORY��,]Y��$1�6665����������������� � ���$�0�'H� *RHU�� -��GH� 3K\VLTXH��� 1R����� ��� ������� � ���*�$�6ODFN��-��3K\V��5HY���1R����������������� � ���5�%HUPDQ�� (�/�)RVWHU�� -�0�=LPDQ�� -��3URF� 5R\DO�6RF��/RQGRQ��6HU��$��0DWKHP��DQG�3K\V� 6FL���$����������������� � ���(�5�'REURYLQVND\D�� /�$�/\WY\QRY�� 9�9�3LVK� FKLN�� 6DSSKLUH� LQ� 6FLHQFH� DQG� (QJLQHHULQJ� 1$68��67&8��.KDUNRY���������S����� � ���5�%HUPDQ�� 7KHUPDO� &RQGXFWLRQ� LQ� 6ROLGV� &ODUHQGRQ�3UHVV��2[IRUG��������� � ���9�6�2VNRWVNL\�� ,�$�6PLUQRY��'HIHFWV� LQ�&U\V� WDOV�DQG�7KHUPDO�&RQGXFWLYLW\��1DXND��/HQLQ� JUDG���������LQ�5XVVLDQ�� � ���0�,�0XVDWRY��7KHUPRVWDEOH�'LHOHFWULFV��$WRP� ]LGDW��0RVFRZ���������LQ�5XVVLDQ�� � ���(�5�'REURYLQVND\D�� /�$�/\WY\QRY�� 9�9�3LVK� FKLN��(QF\FORSHGLD�RI�6DSSKLUH��,6&��.KDUNRY �������>LQ�5XVVLDQ@� ���<H�.U\YRQRVRY�� /�/\WY\QRY�� 7KH� *URZWK� RI $O�2��7L� LQ� &DUERQ�FRQWDLQLQJ� (QYLURQWPHQW�)LUVW�:RUNVKRS� RQ�7HFKQRORJLFDO�%RWWOHQHFNV LQ�&RPSDFW�+LJK�,QWHQVLW\�6KRUW�3XOVH�/DVHUV� 3DULV���������S����� ����9�6�.DQHYVNL\��<H�9�.ULYRQRVRY��/�$�/LWYLQRY� ,]Y��$1� 6665�� 1HRUJ��0DWHU��� 1R����� ���� ������� ����1�1�6LURWD�� 3�$�3RSRY�� ,�$�,YDQRY�� -��&U\VW� 5HV��7HFKQRO������������������ ����7KHUPDO� &RQGXFWLYLW\� RI� 6ROLGV�� 5HIHUHQFH ERRN�� HGLWHG� E\� $�6�2NKRWLQ�� (QHUJRDWR� PL]GDW��0RVFRZ��������>LQ�5XVVLDQ@� ����/DQGROW�%RUQVWHLQ�� =DKOHQZHUWH� XQG� )XQN� WLRQHQ�DXV�3K\VLN��&KHPLH��$VWURQRPLH��*HR� SK\VLN� XQG� 7HFKQLN�� �� $XIODJH�� %DQG� ,,� (LJHQVFKDIWHQ� GHU� 0DWHULH� LQ� LKUHQ� $JJUH� JDW]XVWDQGHQ�� 7HLO� ��� .DORULVFKH� =XVWDQGV� JURVVHQ�� 6SULQJHU�9HUODJ�� %HUOLQ�� *HUPDQ\� ��������S����� ����3�$�3RSRY�� 9�'�6RORPHQQLN�� '�$�9LQQLN� HW DO���%XOO��RI�6RXWK�8UDOV�6WDWH�8QLY��0DWK��0HFK�� 3K\V������������������ ����7�$�%D]LOHYVND\D��1�9�*ULWVHQNR��9�7�*ULWVLQD� 8NU��)L]��=K������������������� ����6�9LVKQHYVNL\��<H�.ULYRQRVRY��/�/LWYLQRY��-� &U\VWDOORJUDSK\����������������� �˹㺹¯ºmL�ÓL°� ��Ò°�Ò²�L�ãË�ºmÈÓÒ²�&U�����7L��äºÓº}¯Ò°�ÈãLm�$O�2��m�LÓ�˯mÈãL��Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯��Ü����z ��k��º¹ºm��{�i�vºãºäËÓÓL}���{�r¼ã«¼m����k��Ò�mÒÓºm��{�l���ÏL}ºm� iº°ãL�ÎËÓº� �˹㺹¯ºmL�ÓL°� � �Ò°�Ò²� �È� ãË�ºmÈÓÒ²� ²¯ºäºä� �È� �L�ÈÓºä� }¯Ò°�ÈãLm DÜ$O�2�� �� �Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯Óºä�� LÓ�˯mÈãL� ��Ü���� z�� �º}ÈÏÈÓº� ÏÓÈ�ÓÒ®� m¹ãÒm� �ºäL�º}²¯ºä����L�ÈÓ���È�mÒ°º}º�Ëä¹Ë¯È��¯Óº�º�mL�¹Èã��ÓÈ��˹㺹¯ºmL�ÓL°� �}¯Ò°�ÈãLm� 3�$�3RSRY�HW�DO����7KHUPDO�FRQGXFWLYLW\�RI�SXUH���� ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV�������������