Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials
The rock burst similar material were prepared by quadratic orthogonal design. Sand ratio (A), cement plaster ratio (B), watered rate (C) are used as the level influence factors, and the uniaxial compressive strength C, the ratio of compressive and tensile strength and the impact energy index was use...
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| Цитувати: | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials / Yongsheng Liu, Jin Li, Qiulan Wu, Wang Liu // Functional Materials. — 2017. — Т. 24, № 3. — С. 496-500. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860018077284958208 |
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| author | Yongsheng Liu Jin Li Qiulan Wu Wang Liu |
| author_facet | Yongsheng Liu Jin Li Qiulan Wu Wang Liu |
| citation_txt | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials / Yongsheng Liu, Jin Li, Qiulan Wu, Wang Liu // Functional Materials. — 2017. — Т. 24, № 3. — С. 496-500. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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| description | The rock burst similar material were prepared by quadratic orthogonal design. Sand ratio (A), cement plaster ratio (B), watered rate (C) are used as the level influence factors, and the uniaxial compressive strength C, the ratio of compressive and tensile strength and the impact energy index was used as assessment index. The sensitivity of the influence factors to the rock burst tendency of similar materials was studied by the range analysis method. The results showed that: sand ratio (A) is the main influence factors to the compressive strength of rock burst material; the ratio of water (C) is the main influence factor to the compressive and tensile strength ratio; cement gypsum ratio (B) is the main influence factor to impact energy index.
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| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:46:14Z |
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496 Functional materials, 24, 3, 2017
ISSN 1027-5495. Functional Materials, 24, No.3 (2017), p. 496-500
doi:https://doi.org/10.15407/fm24.03.496 © 2017 — STC “Institute for Single Crystals”
Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design
of rock burst similar materials
Yongsheng Liu1, Jin Li1, Qiulan Wu1, Wang Liu2
1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong
University, Nanchang 330013, China
2 Nanchang Municipal Public Investment Group Co., Ltd.Nanchang
330029, China
Received January 25, 2017
Abstract: The rock burst similar material were prepared by quadratic orthogonal design.
Sand ratio (A), cement plaster ratio (B), watered rate (C) are used as the level influence factors,
and the uniaxial compressive strength σC, the ratio of compressive and tensile strength s sc t and
the impact energy index Wet was used as assessment index. The sensitivity of the influence factors
to the rock burst tendency of similar materials was studied by the range analysis method. The re-
sults showed that: sand ratio (A) is the main influence factors to the compressive strength of rock
burst material; the ratio of water (C) is the main influence factor to the compressive and tensile
strength ratio; cement gypsum ratio (B) is the main influence factor to impact energy index.
Key words: rock burst; similar material; orthogonal design; sensitivity; proportioning test
Получен и исследован материал подобный горной породе. Исследовалось влияние
соотношения концентраций песка, гипсового цемента и воды на прочность материала на
сжатие и растяжение. Результаты показали, что количество песка является основным
средством воздействия на прочность на сжатие материала, количество воды является
основным фактором влияния на коэффициент сжатия и растяжения, количество гипсового
цемента определяет ударную прочность материала. Полученный материал может быть
использован как модельный материал для изучения динамики взрыва горных пород.
Отримання і дослідження матеріалу подібного гірських порід.Yongsheng Liu, Jin
Li, Qiulan Wu, Wang Liu
Одержано та досліджено матеріал подібний гірській породі. Досліджувався вплив
співвідношення концентрацій піску, гіпсового цементу і води на міцність матеріалу на стиск
і розтяг. Результати показали, що кількість піску є основним засобом впливу на міцність
на стиск матеріалу, кількість води є основним фактором впливу на коефіцієнт стиснення і
розтягування, кількість гіпсового цементу визначає ударну міцність матеріалу. Отриманий
матеріал може бути використаний як модельний матеріал для вивчення динаміки вибуху
гірських порід.
1. Introduction
Rock burst is a phenomenon of rock burst
and ejection under high earth pressure, it is
due to underground excavation, changed the
space environment of rock mass, and caused
stress redistribution and stress concentration
surrounding roadway. Rock burst will lead to
a large area of rock collapse, caused support-
ing system failure, equipment buried, and even
casualties, therefore, scholars have paid much
attention to the research of rock burst in recent
years. Field experimental research of rock burst
affect the normal production of the project,
is difficult to operate, and high cost and risk.
Functional materials, 24, 3, 2017 497
Yongsheng Liu et al. / Sensitivity analysis and proportioning ...
Indoor similar model experiment is an impor-
tant means for research rock burst, which has
the advantage of good economic performance,
strong controllability, scientific analysis of
good effect and so on [1]. In recent decades, a
large number of experts and scholars[2-4] at
home and abroad have done lots of research
on the problem of rock burst. Manchao He et
al [5] experimental studied on the rock burst
process of granite under high geological stress
condition by using the deep rock burst process
experiment system designed by themselves.
The change rule of three principal stress and
stress curves of the whole process of granite
rock burst the stress curve of the whole process
of the granite rock burst were obtained, and the
rock burst intensity were classified according to
the ratio of the maximum principal stress and
uniaxial compressive strength. Yishan Pan[1]
and Shuqing Yang [6] carried out the physical
model experiment for study on the mechanism
of rock burst. They used four kinds of different
ratio of rock burst similar materials to estab-
lish similar model which length´width´thick
is 80 cm´60 cm´20 cm. Experimental results
proved the existence of rock burst critical load,
and the results are in agreement with the simu-
lation and the theoretical results. Wentao Chen
et al [7] carried out model experiment with
rosin as model material under the condition
of high hydrostatic pressure. The formulas for
calculating strain energy and the velocity and
kinetic energy of broken block were deduced
based on the analysis of the characteristics of
the velocity peak and the time characteristics
of unloading wave based on the analysis of the
velocity peak and unloading wave during dy-
namic crushing process.
The preparation of similar materials is the
foundation for model experiment. Only if the
material with strong rock burst is formulat-
ed, the model experiment of rock burst can be
successful [8]. The strong rock burst tendency
material were made up with sand, cement,
gypsum and other raw materials, based on the
research of concrete materials ratio, by sensi-
tivity analysis and quadratic orthogonal design
method [9].
2. Determination conditions of rock
burst
In case of rock burst, the bearing material
must have some specific conditions, for exam-
ple: it should has better brittle characteristics
and linear stress-strain relationship, and it
has smaller strength ratio of compressive and
tensile s sc t/ and larger impact energy index
W W Wet p t= / , here Wp and Wt are the rise
and fall section area of the stress-strain curve.
When the characteristics of the material meet
certain conditions, rock burst will occur. The
relationship between rock burst intensity and
material properties is shown in Table. 1.
3. Orthogonal design test
3.1. Raw materials and specimen
making
The raw materials of rock burst similar ma-
terials are: Ganjiang River sand, its diameter
2mm; Portland cement with label 42.5R; gyp-
sum; Borax solution with concentration of 1%.
The mould used for making specimen is the cyl-
inder standard three open mould. In the pro-
cess of manufacture, a thin layer of oil is evenly
coated on the inner wall of the mould firstly,
and then loading the already stirred material
into the mould and vibrating to specimen form-
ing. After formed, each specimen labeled, and
then stripping after 48 hours at room tempera-
ture. The tests were carried out after 7 days of
the natural state maintenance ..
3.2. Test scheme and results
The tests adopt orthogonal design method.
The ratio of cement gypsum (B) and the rate
of water (C) were determined as influencing
factor, and the uniaxial compressive strength,
the ratio of uniaxial compressive strength and
tensile strength and impact energy index were
determined as evaluation index. The ratio of
the level value of the three factors is shown
as Table 2. According to the orthogonal table,
9 kinds of experiments were carried out, and
each group was tested with 6 specimens. The
compression strength and tensile strength of
similar materials were obtained by the experi-
Table 1. Rock burst intensity and properties of material
Indesity
index
Strong
rock burst
Medium
rock burst
Weak
rock burst
No
rock burst
Ratio of compressive
and tensile c/t ≤ 10 10 < c/t ≤ 26.5 26.7< c/t ≤40 c/t >40
Impact energy Wet ³ 3 1.5 ≤ Wet < 3 Wet < 1.5
498 Functional materials, 24, 3, 2017
Yongsheng Liu et al. / Sensitivity analysis and proportioning ...
ments, and the impact energy index were calcu-
lated shown in Table 3.
According to Table 1 and Table 3, we can
found that all the specimens are not strong rock
burst material. The compressive strength and
impact energy index and ratio of compression
and tensile strength of the first group material
are 3.92Mpa, 2.04 and 11.43. it is medium rock
burst tendency material. So in order to prepare
the strong rock burst material, we adjusted the
ratio of materials properly based on the first
group material.
4. Sensitivity analysis
4.1. Range analysis method
The range analysis method is to analyze the
problem by calculating the average range of
each factor. This method can get the relative
size of each level factor to influence the test in-
dex, so as to find the main factors among all
factors. Range analysis method using the for-
mula (1) to calculate the range value D.
D
I
K
II
K
III
K
I
K
II
K
II
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
=
ì
í
ïïï
î
ïïï
ü
ý
ïïï
þ
ïïï
-max j
j
, , min , ,
II
K
j
j
ì
í
ïïï
î
ïïï
ü
ý
ïïï
þ
ïïï
(1)
Ij – the sum of numerical values of the test in-
dex corresponding to the “1” level of column J;
IIj – the sum of numerical values of the test in-
dex corresponding to the “2” level of column J;
IIIj – the sum of numerical values of the test in-
dex corresponding to the “3” level of column J.
Kj – the number of times the same level appears
in the j column;
Dj – range of column j equal to the maximum
minus minimum which each level corresponds
to the average value of the test parameters.
4.2. Sensitivity analysis of influencing
factors
In order to analyze the influence factors of
the three level factors on each evaluation in-
dex, the range analysis method were used to
analyze each factor sensitivity in this paper.
Based on the test results of the orthogonal test,
each index influence factor were calculated by
the formula (1), and the results are as shown
in Table. 4.
The sensitivity of the assessment indicators
about the various influencing factors are shown
in Fig. 1. According to Fig. 1 (a) we know that1. According to Fig. 1 (a) we know that. According to Fig. 1 (a) we know that1 (a) we know that (a) we know that
the uniaxial compressive strength decreases
with the sand ratio(A) increasing, decreases
slightly with the ratio of cement gypsum(B) in-
creasing, and has no obvious relationship with
the ratio of water(C). The range of the above
Table 2. Level value of influence factor
Level value The sand ratio(A) The ratio of cement gypsum (B) The rate of water (C)
① 62.5% 3:1 11%
② 70% 2:1 15%
③ 75% 1.5:1 19%
Table 3. Results of orthogonal test
Serial number A B C sc sc / st Wet
1 ① ① ① 3.92 11.43 2.04
2 ① ② ② 4.43 12.28 2.47
3 ① ③ ③ 4.88 14.92 2.72
4 ② ① ② 3.13 12.32 1.87
5 ② ② ③ 2.45 13.52 2.12
6 ② ③ ① 2.96 9.56 2.02
7 ③ ① ② 1.71 10.24 1.65
8 ③ ② ③ 2.21 12.71 2.15
9 ③ ③ ① 2.68 8.53 2.35
Functional materials, 24, 3, 2017 499
Yongsheng Liu et al. / Sensitivity analysis and proportioning ...
three factors are 2.21, 0.59 and 0.11 respective-
ly. So the sensitivity intensity of each factor to
the uniaxial compressive strength of specimens
is A,B,C in turn, and the sand ratio(A) is the
main influence factor of the uniaxial compres-
sive strength.
Similarly, the ratio of compressive and ten-
sile strength increases with the ratio of water
(C) increasing, decreases with sand ratio(A)
increasing, have no obvious relationship with
the ratio of cement gypsum(B). The range of the
above three factor respectively is 3.87, 1.83 and
1.38. The sensitivity intensity of each factor to
the ratio of compressive and tensile strength
is C,B,A in turn, and the ratio of water (C) is
the main influence factor. The impact energy
decreases with the ratio of cement gypsum (B)
and the sand ratio(A) increasing, and has no
obvious relationship with the ratio of water (C).
Table 4. Results of sensitivity analysis
Index sand ratio (A) ratio of cement and
gypsum (B) rate of water (C)
Uniaxial compressive
strength
k1 4.41 2.92 3.19
k2 2.84 3.03 3.09
k3 2.20 3.51 3.08
range D 2.21 0.59 0.11
Uniaxial compressive
strength and tensile
strength ratio
k1 12.87 11.33 9.84
k2 11.80 12.83 11.66
k3 10.49 11.00 13.71
range D 1.38 1.83 3.87
Impact energy index
k1 2.41 1.85 2.14
k2 2.01 2.24 1.99
k3 2.05 2.36 2.33
range D 0.36 0.51 0.34
The range of the above three factors respective-
ly is 0.51, 0.36 and 0.34. The sensitivity inten-
sity of each factor to impact energy is B,A,C in
turn, and the ratio of cement gypsum(B) is the
main influence factor for impact energy.
According to the sensitivity analysis of vari-
ous factors, in order to matching the strong
rock burst tendency similar material we should
be reduce the ratio of cement gypsum and mix-
ing water based on the first group material.
5. Quadratic orthogonal design
According to above analysis, quadratic or-
thogonal design were conducted and compres-
sive and tensile experiment were carried out,
then impact energy index of all specimens were
calculated. The results were shown in Table 5.
Fig. 1. Sensitivity of the influencing factors to
the assessment index. a)The sensitivity of vari-
ous factors to compressive strength ratio; b)The
sensitivity of various factors to the of compres-
sive strength to tensile strength; c) The sensitiv-
ity of various factors to the impact energy index
500 Functional materials, 24, 3, 2017
Yongsheng Liu et al. / Sensitivity analysis and proportioning ...
Table 5. Experimental results of quadratic orthogonal designs
Test serial
number
Factors Rock burst tendency to judge index
sand ratio
ratio of ce-
ment and
gypsum
rate of
water, %
compressive
strength,
MPa
The ratio
of compres-
sive strength
and tensile
strength
impact en-
ergy index
1 62.5% 2.5:1 9 4.01 10.67 2.67
2 62.5% 2:1 8 4.11 9.52 3.02
3 62.5% 1.5:1 7 4.26 9.12 3.11
4 65% 2.5:1 8 3.83 10.05 2.55
5 65% 2:1 7 3.91 9.72 2.72
6 65% 1.5:1 9 4.05 10.27 2.87
7 67.5% 2.5:1 8 3.52 9.83 2.33
8 67.5% 2:1 9 3.63 10.25 2.45
9 67.5% 1.5:1 7 3.78 9.55 2.71
Form the Table 5, the uniaxial compressive
strength of the third group specimen is 4.26
MPa, and its compressive tensile ratio is 9.12,
impact energy index is 3.11. Comprehensive
analysis of indicators, we know that third group
material is strong rock burst materials, and the
third piece in Table 5 is the optimal proportion
of the strong rock burst tendency.
6. Conclusions
According to the test results and sensitivity
analysis, the following conclusions are obtained:
(1) The sensitivity analysis of three levels
of influencing factors on evaluation indicators
were conducted by range analytical method.
The results showed that the sand ratio (A) is
the main influence factors of the uniaxial com-
pressive strength; the rate of water(C) is the
main influencing factors for the rate of com-
pressive tensile strength; the ratio of cement
and gypsum (B) is the main influencing factors
for the impact energy index.
(2) According to the second orthogonal design,
the optimum proportion of the strong rock burst
material is obtained. The proportion is as follows:
the mixed sand rate is 62.5%, the rate of cement
and gypsum is 1.5:1 and the ratio of water is 7%.
(3) Research shows that quadratic orthogo-
nal design method and sensitivity analysis
can make a strong rock similar material. This
method is scientific and reasonable, and can re-
duce test times and consumption to a certain
extent, optimize scheme, so the method has
good applicability.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Chinese
Natural Science Foundation (51664014,
51274101) and Science and technology project
of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education
(GJJ160474).
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cations. Lausanne, CRC Press, 57, 2013.
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5. Manchao He, Miao Jinli, Li Dejian et al. CChi-
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|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-136773 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1027-5495 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T16:46:14Z |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publisher | НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Yongsheng Liu Jin Li Qiulan Wu Wang Liu 2018-06-16T16:05:07Z 2018-06-16T16:05:07Z 2017 Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials / Yongsheng Liu, Jin Li, Qiulan Wu, Wang Liu // Functional Materials. — 2017. — Т. 24, № 3. — С. 496-500. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/fm24.03.496 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/136773 The rock burst similar material were prepared by quadratic orthogonal design. Sand ratio (A), cement plaster ratio (B), watered rate (C) are used as the level influence factors, and the uniaxial compressive strength C, the ratio of compressive and tensile strength and the impact energy index was used as assessment index. The sensitivity of the influence factors to the rock burst tendency of similar materials was studied by the range analysis method. The results showed that: sand ratio (A) is the main influence factors to the compressive strength of rock burst material; the ratio of water (C) is the main influence factor to the compressive and tensile strength ratio; cement gypsum ratio (B) is the main influence factor to impact energy index. en НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України Functional Materials Technology Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials Yongsheng Liu Jin Li Qiulan Wu Wang Liu Technology |
| title | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials |
| title_full | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials |
| title_fullStr | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials |
| title_short | Sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials |
| title_sort | sensitivity analysis and proportioning design of rock burst similar materials |
| topic | Technology |
| topic_facet | Technology |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/136773 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongshengliu sensitivityanalysisandproportioningdesignofrockburstsimilarmaterials AT jinli sensitivityanalysisandproportioningdesignofrockburstsimilarmaterials AT qiulanwu sensitivityanalysisandproportioningdesignofrockburstsimilarmaterials AT wangliu sensitivityanalysisandproportioningdesignofrockburstsimilarmaterials |