Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link
The functional possibilities of modern direct current (DC) links for a power system control have been considered. The
 organization structure of the load frequency control in the interconnected power system of Ukraine is proposed in case
 of DC link construction near Khmelnitskaya nu...
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| Опубліковано в: : | Технічна електродинаміка |
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| Дата: | 2015 |
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| Мова: | Англійська |
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Інститут електродинаміки НАН України
2015
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| Цитувати: | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link / O.V. Kyrylenko, V.V. Pavlovsky, A.O. Steliuk // Технічна електродинаміка. — 2015. — № 2. — С. 64-69. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
Репозитарії
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| _version_ | 1860238557164077056 |
|---|---|
| author | Kyrylenko, O.V. Pavlovsky, V.V. Steliuk, A.O. |
| author_facet | Kyrylenko, O.V. Pavlovsky, V.V. Steliuk, A.O. |
| citation_txt | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link / O.V. Kyrylenko, V.V. Pavlovsky, A.O. Steliuk // Технічна електродинаміка. — 2015. — № 2. — С. 64-69. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. |
| collection | DSpace DC |
| container_title | Технічна електродинаміка |
| description | The functional possibilities of modern direct current (DC) links for a power system control have been considered. The
organization structure of the load frequency control in the interconnected power system of Ukraine is proposed in case
of DC link construction near Khmelnitskaya nuclear power plant. The simulation results are shown in the event of the
generating unit disconnection at Burshtyn thermal power plant. It is established that DC link connection to the active
power controller of “Burshtyn island” allows providing the flexible control of the export power flows in alternating and
direct current networks.
Розглянуто функціональні можливості сучасних вставок постійного струму (ВПС). Запропоновано структурну схему організації автоматичного регулювання частоти в об'єднаній енергосистемі України за умови спорудження ВПС біля Хмельницької атомної електростанції. Наведено результати моделювання для випадку відключення енергоблока на Бурштинській тепловій електростанції. Встановлено, що підключення ВПС до автоматичного регулятора потужності "Бурштинського острова" дозволяє забезпечити гнучке керування експортними перетоками в мережах змінного та постійного струмів.
Рассмотрены функциональные возможности современных вставок постоянного тока (ВПТ). Предложена
структурная схема организации автоматического регулирования частоты в объединенной энергосистеме Украины для сооружения ВПТ возле Хмельницкой атомной электростанции. Приведены результаты моделирования
при отключении энергоблока на Бурштынской тепловой электростанции. Установлено, что подключение ВПТ к
автоматическому регулятору мощности «Бурштынского острова» позволяет обеспечить гибкое регулирование
экспортными перетоками в сетях переменного и постоянного токов.
|
| first_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:27:32Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
64 ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2015. № 2
ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІ СИСТЕМИ ТА УСТАНОВКИ
FLEXIBLE CONTROL OF THE EXPORT POWER FLOWS BY USING DC LINK
O.V. Kyrylenko, V.V. Pavlovsky, А.О. Steliuk
Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Peremohy ave., 56, Kyiv-57, 03680, Ukraine.
e-mail: astelyuk@gmail.com
The functional possibilities of modern direct current (DC) links for a power system control have been considered. The
organization structure of the load frequency control in the interconnected power system of Ukraine is proposed in case
of DC link construction near Khmelnitskaya nuclear power plant. The simulation results are shown in the event of the
generating unit disconnection at Burshtyn thermal power plant. It is established that DC link connection to the active
power controller of “Burshtyn island” allows providing the flexible control of the export power flows in alternating and
direct current networks. References 10, table 1, figures 5.
Key words: frequency, power flow, direct current link, automatic generation control, interconnected power system,
simulation.
Widespread implementation of the modern technologies such as flexible alternating current transmis-
sion systems and direct current (DC) links in the power systems creates new opportunities in power system
control [1-3]. Alongside with providing the active power transmission, the modern DC links enable the oscil-
lations damping [3], a participation in the automatic load-frequency control [4], power system restoration
after the blackout [5]. In recent years the installed capacity of offshore wind farms (e.g. in Northern Europe
countries) has been significantly increased. In order to provide evacuation of the generation power from
these windfarms, the multi-terminal DC links may be used in the future. They will provide the flexible power
flow control in DC and alternating current (AC) networks [6]. Besides, the multi-terminal hybrid network
interconnection will be used as a component of the future SuperGrid that will allow transmitting the electric-
ity from the remote renewables to the consuming centers and expanding European energy market [7].
Taking into account the DC technologies development and SuperGrid formation, the research of the
interconnected power system (IPS) of Ukraine operation considering increase of the export power flows is
important. Nowadays, the electricity from IPS of Ukraine to European Network of Transmission System
Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) is exported from so named “Burshtyn island” and Dobrotvorskaya
thermal power plant (TPP).
In Ukraine, the activities are held to provide the synchronous operation of IPS with ENTSO-E [8]. One
of the cases of the export power flow control is a DC link application. The electricity exporters in Ukraine are
also interested in DC link construction. Compared to the old-fashioned 800 kV DC link Volga hydroelectric
power plant (HPP) – “Mikhailovskaya” substation, the modern DC links provide the flexible control of IPS
operation. In particular, including a DC link in the “Burshtyn island” interface in most cases will provide a
reliable schedule implementation to ENTSO-E and will increase the reserve capacity at Burshtyn TPP.
The aim of the paper is to research the DC link operation in the event of the generation decreasing in
“Burshtyn island” (e.g. generating unit disconnection). To implement it the detailed model has been devel-
oped, which includes the automatic power controller at Burshtyn TPP, border areas of IPS and ENTSO-E as
well as the automatic generation control (AGC) in IPS of Ukraine.
Let us consider one of the cases of the frequency control organization in IPS of Ukraine (Fig. 1).
Nowadays IPS of Ukraine is divided in two control areas. One of them operates synchronously with unified
power system (UPS) of Russia while the second one (“Burshtyn island”) is connected to ENTSO-E. The
planning DC link with the rated capacity 600 MW may be installed nearby Khmelnitskaya nuclear power
plant (NPP).
In Fig. 1, the following notations are indicated: DbTPP is Dobrotvorskaya TPP; KhmNPP is Khmel-
nitskaya NPP; BuTPP is Burshtyn TPP; DnHPP-1 is Dneprovskaya HPP-1; ZU is 750 kV “Zapadnoukrain-
skaya” substation; AGC IPS is the automatic generation control of IPS of Ukraine; APC is the automatic
power controller of «Burshtyn island».
© Kyrylenko O.V., Pavlovsky V.V., Steliuk А.О., 2015
ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2015. № 2 65
The input signals of the national AGC are the frequency in IPS of Ukraine fIPS and tie line inter-
changes with UPS of Russia and IPS of Belarus. The AGC controls the net interchange power and the
frequency. Based on these signals the proportional integral (PI) controller generates the control signal
transmitted to the regulating units of Dneprovskaya HPP-1. The automatic frequency control or-
ganization in IPS operating synchronously with UPS of Russia and IPS of Belarus as well as the operation
algorithm and mathematical models of the national AGC (at the system, power plant and aggregate control
levels) are considered in detail in [9]. It should be noted that AGC of Russia, which generates a control sig-
nal to the regulating Volga HPP, is also considered in the model but not shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
The automatic power controller of “Burshtyn island” also regulates the export net interchange power
with the frequency correction. The input singals of the controller are the current frequency and tie line
interchanges at “Burshtyn island” interface including: DC link Khmelnitskaya NPP – Rzeszow; OHL
750 kV ZU – Albertirsa; OHL 400 kV Mukachevo – Sajoszoged, Mukachevo – Kapusany; Mukachevo –
Rosiori; OHL 220 kV Mukachevo – Kisvarda, Mukachevo – Tiszalok. The island control error (ICE) calcu-
lated in APC is defined as follows
,
where is the current net interchange power of “Burshtyn island”, ; is the refer-
ence net interchange power setpoint; is the frequency bias; is the current frequency in «Burshtyn
island»; is the reference frequency setpoint.
On basis of ICE the control signal is calculated in APC as well as its components transmitted
to Burshtyn TPP and control system of DC link (Fig. 1). The components of the signal
are distributed in such a way that
.
It should be noted that the distribution of these components depends on relation of the control signal
and control range of DC link :
If then
otherwise ,
66 ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2015. № 2
, ,
where is the rated capacity of DC link; is the reference active power setpoint of DC link defining
the current power flow; is a control signal transmitted to the governor of the i-regulating unit of Bur-
shtyn TPP, i=1,…,6; is the participation factor of i-generator in the secondary frequency control, i=1,…,6.
The proposed approach provides the following active power transfers. If the current control range of
DC link allows transmitting all unscheduled power calculated in APC of “Burshtyn island” then DC link
power flow is changed by . Otherwise, the DC link power flow will be changed partially (considering
the current control range) and the remaining part of signal will be distributed among the regulating
units of Burshtyn TPP. It should be noted that the proposed algorithm is one of the possible ones. For exam-
ple, the regulating units of Burshtyn TPP can be used to compensate small active power fluctuations caused
by the load variations. Besides, in the APC operation algorithm the export net interchange power also must
be considered. Taking into account that at present time the active power is mainly exported to Hungary, the
increase of the DC link power flow will increase the loading of the border area networks in Poland and Slo-
vakia. Thus, the dynamic characteristics of DC link, the regulating units of Burshtyn TPP as well as the ex-
port schedule must be considered in the APC operation algorithm.
The developed model also includes the 750-220 kV border area network models of Central European
countries: Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania that allows researching the DC link impact on the net-
work operation. Besides, in the model the control system of DC link is considered, shown in Fig. 2 [10].
Fig. 2
The input signals of the DC link control system model are the current frequency f in the power sys-
tem, the angle φref at the reference busbar, the direct Udc and alternating current Uac voltages as well as the
active Р and reactive Q powers (Fig. 2). As seen in Fig. 2, the input signals of the filter used to smooth the
signals are Udc, Uac, Р and Q. The output signal of the frequency controller is the active power reference
value Рf.ref proportional to the frequency deviation of the current frequency f from its reference value fref:
,
where is the gain factor of the frequency channel.
The DC voltage controller generates the active power setpoint Рdc.ref in DC circuit which is calculated
as follows:
,
where is the gain factor in DC voltage channel.
The reactive power control in AC circuit is performed by the AC voltage controller, which generates
the reactive power reference set point Qac.ref:
ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2015. № 2 67
,
where is the gain factor in AC voltage channel; is the AC voltage reference set point.
In order to prevent the overvoltage in DC network, the overvoltage limiter model is also used. The
output signal of the PI controller of the limiter is the signal Рovl.ref:
,
,
where is the deviation of the current DC voltage from the maximum voltage set point ;
, are the gains of the proportional and integral links of the overvoltage limiter controller; , are
the integration limits.
As seen in Fig. 2, the PQ controller generates the reference currents id.ref and iq.ref in dq-components
proportional to the active and reactive power. Further, the reference signals id.ref, iq.ref as well as φref are
transmitted to the current controller of the converter.
Thus, the detailed model has been developed including the automatic power controller of “Burshtyn
island”, AGCs of IPS of Ukraine and UPS of Russia [9], DC link control system [10] and ENTSO-E border
area models as well.
The frequency control simulation is performed in the event of generating unit disconnection (at the
moment t=15 sec) with the loading 176,7 MW at Burshtyn TPP. The simulation results are presented in Fig.
3−5. In the initial load flow, the total generation power of Burshtyn TPP is 1570,2 MW. The DC link and six
generators of Burshtyn TPS are connected to APC of “Burshtyn island”. The reference setpoint of the DC
link power flow is 300 MW (Fig. 4, a).
Fig. 3, a, b
Fig. 4, a, b
68 ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2015. № 2
Fig. 5, a, b
At the initial time the generating unit disconnection results to the net interchange power deviation at
“Burshtyn island” interface from its reference value (Fig. 3, a). As the control range of DC link (300
МW) is sufficient to transmit the additional power (Fig. 4, a), the APC controller generates the signal
transmitted to DC link control system. In this case, during the secondary frequency control the generation
power of the units at Burshtyn TPP must not be deviated. As shown in Fig. 3, a, the increasing of DC link
power flow allows restoring the net interchange power at “Burshtyn island” interface. Besides, the DC link
power flow change also affects the power transfer of other OHLs (Fig. 3, b). For example, the increasing of
the DC link power flow results to the loading increase of 440 kV OHL Mukachevo – Kapusany. The further
development of detailed ENTSO-E border area models will allow researching the DC link impact on Euro-
pean network operation.
At the same time, in IPS of Ukraine operating synchronously with UPS of Russia and IPS of Belarus,
the change of the DC link power flow results to the deviation of the net interchange power of IPS of Ukraine
(Fig. 4, b). As the net interchange power has deviated from its set point value, AGC of IPS generates a signal
transmitted to the regulating Dneprovskaya HPP-1 (Fig. 5, a). Besides, Volga HPP also reacts on
the frequency deviation (Fig. 5, b). As the generation power of Dneprovskaya HPP-1 increases during the
secondary control, the generation power of Volga HPP decreases to its initial value.
As seen in Fig. 3, a, after the secondary frequency control the net interchange power at “Burshtyn
island” interface is restored at its reference value. The power flow of DC link has changed by 136,1 MW
meanwhile the generation power of Dniprovskaya HPP-1 is increased by 149,9 MW (Table).
Active power, MW
Element The initial load
flow
The load flow after the
secondary control Power change
Generation
Burshtyn TPP 1570,2 1405,9 -164,3
Dniprovskaya HPP-1 301,5 451,4 149,9
Power flows
DC link KhmNPP - Rzeszow 300 436,1 136,1
Net interchange power of “Bur-
shtyn island” 904,3 904,4 0,1
Net interchange power of IPS of
Ukraine with UPS of Russia and
IPS of Belarus
654,4 658,5 4,1
Thus, modern DC link application allows providing a flexible control of the export power flows in
AC/DC hybrid power systems to control the reserve capacity of Burshtyn TPP. Due to the active power
flexible control by modern DC link, it becomes possible to use the secondary reserves controlled by the na-
tional AGC for “Burshtyn island”.
ISSN 1607-7970. Техн. електродинаміка. 2015. № 2 69
1. Kundur P. Power System stability and control, McGraw Hill. – California, 1994. – 1176 p.
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УДК 621.311:681.3
ГНУЧКЕ КЕРУВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТНИМИ ПЕРЕТОКАМИ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ВСТАВКИ
ПОСТІЙНОГО СТРУМУ
О.В.Кириленко, академік НАН України, В.В.Павловський, докт.техн.наук, А.О.Стелюк, канд.техн.наук
Інститут електродинаміки НАН України,
пр. Перемоги, 56, Київ-57, 03680, Україна.
e-mail: astelyuk@gmail.com
Розглянутo функціональні можливості сучасних вставок постійного струму (ВПС). Запропоновано структур-
ну схему організації автоматичного регулювання частоти в об’єднаній енергосистемі України у разі споруд-
ження ВПС біля Хмельницької атомної електростанції. Наведенo результати моделювання для випадку від-
ключення енергоблоку на Бурштинській тепловій електростанції. Встановлено, що підключення ВПС до авто-
матичного регуляторa потужності «Бурштинського островa» дозволяє забезпечити гнучке керування експорт-
ними перетоками в мережах змінного та постійного струмів. Бібл. 10, табл. 1, рис. 5.
Ключові слова: частота, перетік потужності, вставка постійного струму, система автоматичного регулювання
частоти потужності, об’єднана енергосистема, моделювання.
УДК 621.311:681.3
ГИБКОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЭКСПОРТНЫМИ ПЕРЕТОКАМИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ВСТАВКИ
ПОСТОЯННОГО ТОКА
А.В.Кириленко, академик НАН Украины, В.В.Павловский, докт.техн.наук, А.О.Стелюк, канд.техн.наук
Институт электродинамики НАН Украины,
пр. Победы, 56, Киев-57, 03680, Украина.
e-mail: astelyuk@gmail.com
Рассмотрены функциональные возможности современных вставок постоянного тока (ВПТ). Предложена
структурная схема организации автоматического регулирования частоты в объединенной энергосистеме Ук-
раины для сооружения ВПТ возле Хмельницкой атомной электростанции. Приведены результаты моделирования
при отключении энергоблока на Бурштынской тепловой электростанции. Установлено, что подключение ВПТ к
автоматическому регулятору мощности «Бурштынского острова» позволяет обеспечить гибкое регулирование
экспортными перетоками в сетях переменного и постоянного токов. Библ. 10, табл. 1, рис. 5.
Ключевые слова: частота, переток мощности, вставка постоянного тока, система автоматического регулирова-
ния частоты и мощности, объединенная энергосистема, моделирование.
Надійшла 22.07.2014
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-137002 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1607-7970 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:27:32Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Інститут електродинаміки НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Kyrylenko, O.V. Pavlovsky, V.V. Steliuk, A.O. 2018-06-16T18:31:46Z 2018-06-16T18:31:46Z 2015 Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link / O.V. Kyrylenko, V.V. Pavlovsky, A.O. Steliuk // Технічна електродинаміка. — 2015. — № 2. — С. 64-69. — Бібліогр.: 10 назв. — англ. 1607-7970 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/137002 621.311:681.3 The functional possibilities of modern direct current (DC) links for a power system control have been considered. The
 organization structure of the load frequency control in the interconnected power system of Ukraine is proposed in case
 of DC link construction near Khmelnitskaya nuclear power plant. The simulation results are shown in the event of the
 generating unit disconnection at Burshtyn thermal power plant. It is established that DC link connection to the active
 power controller of “Burshtyn island” allows providing the flexible control of the export power flows in alternating and
 direct current networks. Розглянуто функціональні можливості сучасних вставок постійного струму (ВПС). Запропоновано структурну схему організації автоматичного регулювання частоти в об'єднаній енергосистемі України за умови спорудження ВПС біля Хмельницької атомної електростанції. Наведено результати моделювання для випадку відключення енергоблока на Бурштинській тепловій електростанції. Встановлено, що підключення ВПС до автоматичного регулятора потужності "Бурштинського острова" дозволяє забезпечити гнучке керування експортними перетоками в мережах змінного та постійного струмів. Рассмотрены функциональные возможности современных вставок постоянного тока (ВПТ). Предложена
 структурная схема организации автоматического регулирования частоты в объединенной энергосистеме Украины для сооружения ВПТ возле Хмельницкой атомной электростанции. Приведены результаты моделирования
 при отключении энергоблока на Бурштынской тепловой электростанции. Установлено, что подключение ВПТ к
 автоматическому регулятору мощности «Бурштынского острова» позволяет обеспечить гибкое регулирование
 экспортными перетоками в сетях переменного и постоянного токов. en Інститут електродинаміки НАН України Технічна електродинаміка Електроенергетичні системи та устаткування Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link Гнучке керування експортними перетоками з використанням вставки постійного струму Гибкое управление экспортными перетоками с использованием вставки постоянного тока Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link Kyrylenko, O.V. Pavlovsky, V.V. Steliuk, A.O. Електроенергетичні системи та устаткування |
| title | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link |
| title_alt | Гнучке керування експортними перетоками з використанням вставки постійного струму Гибкое управление экспортными перетоками с использованием вставки постоянного тока |
| title_full | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link |
| title_fullStr | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link |
| title_short | Flexible control of the export power flows by using DC link |
| title_sort | flexible control of the export power flows by using dc link |
| topic | Електроенергетичні системи та устаткування |
| topic_facet | Електроенергетичні системи та устаткування |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/137002 |
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