Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness
Aim: To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and Methods: PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power...
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Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України
2016
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| Цитувати: | Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness / D.А. Кurinnyi, S.R. Rushkovsky, О.B. Dybska, G.V. Dubrovina, M.А. Pilinska // Experimental Oncology. — 2016 — Т. 38, № 4. — С. 280-282. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1376882025-02-23T19:58:08Z Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness Kurinnyi, D.A. Rushkovsky, S.R. Dybska, O.B. Dubrovina, G.V. Pilinska, M.A. Short communications Aim: To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and Methods: PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power plant and who were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness of the first and second degrees, were cultured in vitro. Astaxanthin was added into the culture medium at a final concentration of 20.0 µg/ml, prior to γ-irradiation of PBL in vitro at a dose of 1 Gy. The slides of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. Results: Astaxanthin demonstrated considerable radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cyto radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytoradioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytogenetic markers of radiation exposure (dicentrics and centric rings). Conclusion: The data evidence on radioprotective capacity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in vitro in PBL of liquidators irradiated during Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled “The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After”. 2016 Article Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness / D.А. Кurinnyi, S.R. Rushkovsky, О.B. Dybska, G.V. Dubrovina, M.А. Pilinska // Experimental Oncology. — 2016 — Т. 38, № 4. — С. 280-282. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. 1812-9269 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/137688 en Experimental Oncology application/pdf Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України |
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Short communications Short communications Kurinnyi, D.A. Rushkovsky, S.R. Dybska, O.B. Dubrovina, G.V. Pilinska, M.A. Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness Experimental Oncology |
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Aim: To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and Methods: PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power plant and who were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness of the first and second degrees, were cultured in vitro. Astaxanthin was added into the culture medium at a final concentration of 20.0 µg/ml, prior to γ-irradiation of PBL in vitro at a dose of 1 Gy. The slides of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. Results: Astaxanthin demonstrated considerable radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cyto radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytoradioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cytogenetic markers of radiation exposure (dicentrics and centric rings). Conclusion: The data evidence on radioprotective capacity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in vitro in PBL of liquidators irradiated during Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled “The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After”. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kurinnyi, D.A. Rushkovsky, S.R. Dybska, O.B. Dubrovina, G.V. Pilinska, M.A. |
| author_facet |
Kurinnyi, D.A. Rushkovsky, S.R. Dybska, O.B. Dubrovina, G.V. Pilinska, M.A. |
| author_sort |
Kurinnyi, D.A. |
| title |
Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness |
| title_short |
Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness |
| title_full |
Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness |
| title_fullStr |
Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness |
| title_sort |
astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness |
| publisher |
Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| topic_facet |
Short communications |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/137688 |
| citation_txt |
Astaxanthin modifies clastogenic effects of ionizing radiation in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the persons recovered from acute radiation sickness / D.А. Кurinnyi, S.R. Rushkovsky, О.B. Dybska, G.V. Dubrovina, M.А. Pilinska // Experimental Oncology. — 2016 — Т. 38, № 4. — С. 280-282. — Бібліогр.: 9 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Experimental Oncology |
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| fulltext |
280 Experimental Oncology 38, 280–282, 2016 (December)
ASTAXANTHIN MODIFIES CLASTOGENIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING
RADIATION IN VITRO IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
OF THE PERSONS RECOVERED FROM ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS
D.А. Кurinnyi1,*, S.R. Rushkovsky2, О.B. Dybska1, G.V. Dubrovina1, M.А. Pilinska1
1State Institution “National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical
Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
2Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Aim: To assess radioprotective activity of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced in vitro cytogenetic effects in human peripheral
blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and Methods: PBL from the cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation at high doses
in 1986 during accident on Chornobyl nuclear power plant and who were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness of the first and
second degrees, were cultured in vitro. Astaxanthin was added into the culture medium at a final concentration of 20.0 µg/ml,
prior to γ-irradiation of PBL in vitro at a dose of 1 Gy. The slides of metaphase chromosomes were analyzed. Results: Astaxanthin
demonstrated considerable radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cyto- radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cyto-radioprotective effect in irradiated PBL manifested in significantly decreased levels of unstable cyto-
genetic markers of radiation exposure (dicentrics and centric rings). Conclusion: The data evidence on radioprotective capacity
of astaxanthin toward radiation-induced cytogenetic effects in vitro in PBL of liquidators irradiated during Chornobyl nuclear
power plant accident. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled “The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After”.
Key Words: astaxanthin, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, chromosomal aberrations, γ-irradiation, acute radiation sickness,
radioprotective effect.
In April 26, 1986 the greatest technological catas
trophe in human history — the nuclear accident at the
Chornobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP) took place.
In Ukraine 222,498 persons received the status of li
quidators of this catastrophe. Among liquidators, who
performed emergency work on the fourth power unit
and received in the early days of the accident doses
from 1 to 12 Gy, 134 cases of acute radiation sickness
(ARS) were diagnosed [1]. Exposure of humans to ioni
zing radiation is manifested primarily by the damage
of the cell genome, which is one of the driving forces
for various pathologies with a genetic component,
including the malignant transformation of cells [2].
Therefore, protection of human genome in persons ex
posed to ionizing radiation is extremely important task.
One of the perspective radioprotectors is astaxan
thin — a natural carotenoid from xanthophyll group.
It has low toxicity, high antiradical and antioxidant acti
vity, the ability to pass through the cell membrane and
reach the genetic apparatus in the cell nucleus [3–6].
However, despite a number of investigations of vari
ous aspects of biological effects of astaxanthin, its
possible radioprotective properties are still unknown.
It is widely accepted that the frequency of chromo
somal aberrations in human peripheral blood lympho
cytes (PBL) specific for ionizing radiation could serve
as the reliable indicator of radiation mutagenesis inten
sity. So, exactly this criterion was chosen by us to as
sess possible gene protective properties of astaxan
thin. Previously we discovered the ability of astaxanthin
to decrease radiationinduced level of chromosomal
aberrations in somatic cells of conditionally healthy
volunteers [7]. In present study, we have evaluated
both background (output) frequency and spectrum
of chromosomal aberrations in PBL and cytogenetic
effects of ionizing radiation in vitro per se and com
bined with astaxanthin to estimate its radioprotective
potential even for persons who recovered from ARS.
A voluntary cytogenetic examination (under con
ditions of informed consent) was performed in two
liquidators (V. and B. aged 73 and 76, respectively),
in whom ARS of first and second degrees of severity
caused by radiation exposure during emergency work
at the reactor number four of CNPP was diagnosed
in the NRCRM clinic in 1987. Official documented ra
diation doses (2.0 and 2.8 Gy, respectively) for these
persons were established in 1986. Since 1987 both
liquidators are disabled persons of group II and have
been annually examined and treated in the NRCRM
clinic. In the past cytogenetic observations of these
persons were performed by us several times — pa
tient V. in 1996; patient B. in 1987, 1992, and 1997.
In 2016 not only background (output) frequency and
spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in PBL was
defined, but also cytogenetic effect under separate
and compatible action of astaxanthin and ionizing
radiation in vitro.
For cytogenetic studies a conventional classical test
system, human PBL cultured for 48 h, was used. Asta
xanthin (Sigma, USA) was introduced into the culture
medium in an optimal concentration of 20.0 µg/ml,
defined during our previous studies, at early G0 stage
of the first mitotic cycle before beginning the PBL in
cubation, prior to γirradiation using emitter IBL237C
(with the capacity of 2.34 Gy/min) at a dose of 1.0 Gy
[7]. The cytogenetic analysis accounted all aberrations
of chromatid (single fragments, chromatid exchanges)
Submitted: November 23, 2016.
*Correspondence: E-mail: kourinniy@gmail.com
Abbreviations used: ARS — acute radiation sickness; CNPP — Chor-
nobyl nuclear power plant; PBL — peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Exp Oncol 2016
38, 4, 280–282
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Experimental Oncology 38, 280–282, 2016 (December)38, 280–282, 2016 (December) (December) 281
and chromosome (free double fragments, acentric
rings, dicentric and ring chromosomes, abnormal
monocentrics) types, which can be recognized on uni
formly stained slides of metaphase chromosomes [8].
The results of cytogenetic analyses are shown in Ta
bles 1 and 2. The data presented in Table 1 demonstrate
a gradual decline over time of the overall frequency
of chromosomal aberrations in the exposed individuals,
mainly due to the elimination of specific cytogenetic
markers of radiation exposure — as unstable (dicentrics
and centric rings) as well as stable (abnormal mono
centrics) aberrations of chromosome type. However,
under the cytogenetic survey in 2016, the tendency
for increased level of free acentrics (single and double
fragments) was found, which permit to suggest the
development of hidden chromosomal instability [9].
For detection of the possible hidden chromosomal
instability and comparison of individual radiosensitivity,
the radiation in vitro exposure of PBL cultures obtained
from surveyed persons was conducted. As seen from
the data presented in Table 2, under in vitro irradiation
of PBL cultures the elevation of cytogenetic effects
up to 25.71 ± 2.61 and 32.56 ± 2.69 aberrations per
100 metaphases in liquidators B. and V., respectively,
was revealed. In both persons chromosome types
of aberrations were dominant, which is typical for
chromosomal mutagenesis under the radiation
exposure in G0 phase of mitotic cycle. In the
irradiated in vitro cultures the individual frequencies
of unstable radiogenic markers (total dicentric and
ring chromosomes) increased up to 18.22 ± 2.30 and
22.04 ± 2.38 per 100 metaphases in patients B. and V.,
respectively. Also, the frequency of chromosome
type acentrics increased significantly (total number
of double fragments and acentric rings increased
up to 5.71 ± 1.38 and 9.20 ± 1.65 per 100 metaphases
in liquidators B. and V., respectively). These data may
indicate the rise of radiosensitivity in “highdoses liqui
dators” in delayed terms after irradiation. It should
be noted that the data on in vitro tests of liquidator V.
with lower official dose and lower ARS degree, indi
cated his higher radiosensitivity.
Results of astaxanthin impact on radiationinduced
in vitro cytogenetic effects are presented in Table 2, and
showed the significant (p < 0.01) reduction of the total
frequency of chromosomal aberrations (from 25.71 ±
2.61 to 15.30 ± 2.09 and from 32.56 ± 2.69 to 18.42 ±
2.12 per 100 metaphases in patients B. and V., respec
tively) due to significant (p < 0.01) decrease of clas
sical radiogenic markers (dicentric and ring chromo
somes) — from 18.22 ± 2.30 to 4.08 ± 1.89 and from
22.04 ± 2.38 to 7.89 ± 1.54 per 100 metaphases in pa
tients B. and V., respectively. The effectiveness of ra
dioprotective activity of astaxanthin according to these
indicators was ~78% and 64% in patients B. and V.,
respectively under ~82% in unexposed group of healthy
donors. However, almost unchanged (p > 0.05) total
frequencies of acentrics (7.49 ± 1.57 vs 9.86 ± 1.73 аnd
9.21 ± 1.65 vs 10.43 ± 1.75 per 100 metaphases in pa
tients B. and V., accordingly) and appearance of ab
normal monocentrics in liquidator B. (1.36 ± 0.67 per
100 metaphases) may testify both persistence of hidden
chromosomal instability in remote terms after highdose
irradiation and increase of individual radiosensitivity
in particular because of multiple Xray examinations
of ARS convalescences for a long time.
It should be noted that radioprotective activity
of astaxanthin in PBL of persons recovered from ARS
is lower than in PBL of healthy persons (total frequency
of chromosome type aberrations is 66% vs 43% and
48%, respectively) (see Table 2). These data suggest
that activity of the repair systems in postARS persons
is reduced even in delayed terms following highdose
irradiation.
REFERENCES
1. National Report «Thirty years of Chornobyl catastro-
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Table 1. The dynamics of cytogenetic effects in PBL of persons recovered from ARS at different terms after irradiation
Indi-
vidual
code
Year
of exami-
nation
Frequency
of aberrant
cells, %
Chromosomal
aberrations,
per 100 cells
Frequency of chromatid type
of aberrations, per 100 cells Frequency of chromosome type of aberrations, per 100 cells
Single
fragments
Exchan-
ges Total Double
fragments Dicentrics Centric
rings
Abnormal
monocentrics
Acentric
rings TotalM ± SE М ± m
B. 1987 11.50 ± 2.26 14.00 ± 2.45 1.00 0 1.00 3.00 1.50 1.00 6.50 1.00 13.00
1992 5.00 ± 1.61 5.00 ± 1.61 1.00 0 1.00 1.50 0.50 0 2.50 0 4.50
1997 2.00 ± 0.99 2.00 ± 0.99 1.50 0 1.50 0.50 0 0 0 0 0.50
2016 3.67 ± 1.20 3.67 ± 1.20 2.45 0 2.45 1.22 0 0 0 0 1.22
V. 1996 7.50 ± 1.86 8.00 ± 1.92 0.50 0 0.50 0 2.50 0.50 4.50 0 7.50
2016 3.87 ± 1.01 3.87 ± 1.01 1.93 0 1.93 1.66 0.28 0 0 0 1.94
Table 2. Cytogenetic effects in PBL of persons recovered from ARS after γ-irradiation in vitro at a dose of 1 Gy per se and combined with astaxanthin
Indi-
vidual
code
Treat-
ment
Frequency
of aberrant
cells, %
Chromosomal
aberrations,
per 100 cells
Frequency of chromatid type
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Single
fragments
Exchan-
ges Total Double
fragments Dicentrics Centric
rings
Abnormal
monocentrics
Acentric
rings TotalМ ± SE М ± m
B. Irr 25.0 ± 2.58 25.71 ± 2.61 1.78 0 1.78 5.71 16.43 1.79 0 0 23.93
B. Irr + A 14.62 ± 2.06 15.30 ± 2.09 1.70 0 1.70 8.16 4.08 0 1.36 0 13.60
V. Irr 30.92 ± 2.65 32.56 ± 2.69 1.32 0 1.32 7.89 18.75 3.29 0 1.31 31.24
V. Irr + A 16.44 ± 2.12 18.42 ± 2.22 2.30 0 2.30 7.56 7.24 0.65 0 0.67 16.12
* Irr 22.93 ± 1.19 24.55 ± 1.22 1.54 0 1.54 6.47 12.80 2.76 0.49 0.49 23.02
* Irr + A 7.82 ± 0.72 8.48 ± 0.75 0.72 0 0.72 4.67 2.37 0.43 0.22 0.07 7.76
Note: *unexposed group of comparison (n = 4) [7]; Irr — exposition to γ-irradiation; Irr + A — exposition to γ-irradiation and supplementation with astaxanthin.
282 Experimental Oncology 38, 280–282, 2016 (December)
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