Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure

Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure

About 1% of women suffer from premature ovarian failure, which leads to a significant deterioration in the life quality. Most often this condition is caused by performed chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases, surgery performed on ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. The aim of this study was to compare...

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Datum:2017
Hauptverfasser: Kozub, M.M., Prokopiuk, V.Y., Skibina, K.P., Prokopiuk, O.V., Kozub, N.I.
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Veröffentlicht: Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України 2017
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spelling nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1385362025-02-23T20:23:01Z Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure Kozub, M.M. Prokopiuk, V.Y. Skibina, K.P. Prokopiuk, O.V. Kozub, N.I. Original contributions About 1% of women suffer from premature ovarian failure, which leads to a significant deterioration in the life quality. Most often this condition is caused by performed chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases, surgery performed on ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. The aim of this study was to compare different approaches of tissue and cell therapy in restoring the sexual function in case of ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in BALB/c mice with the modeled ovarian failure, induced by cyclophosphamide and busulfan. The restoration dynamics of ovarian and sexual function, liver and kidneys after application of cryopreserved explants, cryoextract, placental mesenchymal stem cells, those of adipose tissue has been studied. Results: It has been shown that the use of various methods of cell and tissue therapy has comparable efficacy when treating an ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy. The most rapid and complete restoration of the reproductive system, liver and kidneys was observed when using the placental explants, extract and cells, but not with the use of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue. No recovery of fertility in this experiment was observed. Conclusion: Various methods of cellular and tissue therapy are perspective in treatment of the chemotherapy complications. More effective are placental derivates. The authors are grateful to the employees of the Medical University of Hannover, Germany (Hannover Medical School, Germany) Dr. Thomas Mueller, Dr. Denys Pogozhykh, Dr. Olena Pogozhykh for assistance in performing the research (advisory assistance when working with placental MSCs) 2017 Article Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure / M.M. Kozub, V.Y. Prokopiuk, K.P. Skibina, O.V. Prokopiuk, N.I. Kozub // Experimental Oncology. — 2017 — Т. 39, № 3. — С. 181–185. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ. 1812-9269 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/138536 en Experimental Oncology application/pdf Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language English
topic Original contributions
Original contributions
spellingShingle Original contributions
Original contributions
Kozub, M.M.
Prokopiuk, V.Y.
Skibina, K.P.
Prokopiuk, O.V.
Kozub, N.I.
Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
Experimental Oncology
description About 1% of women suffer from premature ovarian failure, which leads to a significant deterioration in the life quality. Most often this condition is caused by performed chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases, surgery performed on ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. The aim of this study was to compare different approaches of tissue and cell therapy in restoring the sexual function in case of ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in BALB/c mice with the modeled ovarian failure, induced by cyclophosphamide and busulfan. The restoration dynamics of ovarian and sexual function, liver and kidneys after application of cryopreserved explants, cryoextract, placental mesenchymal stem cells, those of adipose tissue has been studied. Results: It has been shown that the use of various methods of cell and tissue therapy has comparable efficacy when treating an ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy. The most rapid and complete restoration of the reproductive system, liver and kidneys was observed when using the placental explants, extract and cells, but not with the use of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue. No recovery of fertility in this experiment was observed. Conclusion: Various methods of cellular and tissue therapy are perspective in treatment of the chemotherapy complications. More effective are placental derivates.
format Article
author Kozub, M.M.
Prokopiuk, V.Y.
Skibina, K.P.
Prokopiuk, O.V.
Kozub, N.I.
author_facet Kozub, M.M.
Prokopiuk, V.Y.
Skibina, K.P.
Prokopiuk, O.V.
Kozub, N.I.
author_sort Kozub, M.M.
title Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
title_short Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
title_full Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
title_fullStr Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
title_sort comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure
publisher Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України
publishDate 2017
topic_facet Original contributions
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/138536
citation_txt Comparison of various tissue and cell therapy approaches when restoring ovarian, hepatic and kidney’s function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure / M.M. Kozub, V.Y. Prokopiuk, K.P. Skibina, O.V. Prokopiuk, N.I. Kozub // Experimental Oncology. — 2017 — Т. 39, № 3. — С. 181–185. — Бібліогр.: 24 назв. — англ.
series Experimental Oncology
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fulltext Experimental Oncology 39, 181–185, 2017 (September) 181 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TISSUE AND CELL THERAPY APPROACHES WHEN RESTORING OVARIAN, HEPATIC AND KIDNEY’S FUNCTION AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED OVARIAN FAILURE M.M. Kozub1, V.Y. Prokopiuk2, *, K.P. Skibina3, O.V. Prokopiuk1, N.I. Kozub1 1Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Kharkiv 61018, Ukraine 2Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine 3Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv 61145, Ukraine About 1% of women suffer from premature ovarian failure, which leads to a significant deterioration in the life quality. Most often this condition is caused by performed chemotherapy, autoimmune diseases, surgery performed on ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. The aim of this study was to compare different approaches of tissue and cell therapy in restoring the sexual function in case of ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in BALB/c mice with the modeled ovarian failure, induced by cyclophosphamide and busulfan. The restoration dynamics of ovarian and sexual function, liver and kidneys after application of cryopreserved explants, cryoextract, placental mesenchymal stem cells, those of adipose tissue has been studied. Results: It has been shown that the use of various methods of cell and tissue therapy has comparable efficacy when treating an ovarian failure induced by chemotherapy. The most rapid and complete restoration of the reproductive system, liver and kidneys was observed when using the placental explants, extract and cells, but not with the use of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue. No recovery of fertility in this experiment was observed. Conclusion: Various methods of cellular and tissue therapy are perspective in treatment of the chemotherapy complications. More effective are placental derivates. Key Words: premature ovarian failure, chemotherapy, MSCs, placenta, menopause. In developed countries, the physiological age of the menopause onset is 50–52 years. Premature ova­ rian failure (POF) is observed in 1% of women under 40 and 0.1% under 30 years, among those 37% is due to iatrogenic causes (mainly after onco logy treat­ ment), 25% — to idiopathic, 19% — to genetic, 19% — to autoimmune [1, 2]. Complications of premature menopause are not only the lack of fertility, decreased libido and amenorrhea, but also a sharp deterioration in the quality of life, psycho­emotional disorders, os­ teoporosis, increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases and strokes [3, 4]. Traditional hormone therapy requires constant drug intake, has a number of limitations, does not restore fertility and does not correct pathological changes in target organs [5]. Cell therapy, protection of the ovarian reserve by the administration of gonadotropin­releasing agonists prior to the chemotherapy, cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, gametes, embryos are referred to perspective methods of POF correction [6, 7]. The most curative and numerous groups of the patients with POF are the women with iatrogenic and autoimmune origin of the disease [1, 3, 8]. It should be noted that the use of methods of cell and tissue therapy, unambiguously shown in autoimmune dis­ eases, is controversial in the patients with oncologic pathology. Along with the classical postulate, the wor­ sening of cancer prognosis with the use of stimulants and during pregnancy, there are the data on the ability of stem cells to suppress tumor growth independently and as a “vector” [11–14] as well as about the dif­ ferentiated approaches to the restoration of fertility in the women who underwent oncology [15, 16]. Most researchers use the introduction of various stem cells, often of either placental or adipose origin directly into the ovary, to restore the function of the ovaries that is effective in improving sexual function and ferti­ lity [17–20], but requires surgery, affects less other organs, demands the use of non­standardized culture techniques. The research aim was to compare the different approaches of tissue and cell therapy when restoring chemotherapy­induced ovarian failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the research we used 90 female 6­months old BALB/c mice weighing 20.2 ± 0.4 g with a regular estrous cycle, which were divided into 6 groups of 15 animals each: 1 — the animals with modeled POF with no treatment, 2 — the animals with modeled POF and treatment with cryopreserved placental explants, 3 — the animals with modeled POF and treatment with placental cryoextract, 4 — the animals with modeled POF and treatment with cryopreserved placental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 5 — the animals with modeled POF and treatment with cryopreserved adipose tissue MSCs, 6 — intact animals. POF was simulated according to the standard method [20] by means of administration of cyclophos­ phamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg (Baxter Oncology, Germany) and busulfan (Aspen Pharma, Germany) at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide (200 mg) Submitted: 24 April, 2017. *Correspondence: E-mail: v.yu.prokopiuk@gmail.com Tel.: +380506159027 Abbreviations used: MSCs — mesenchymal stem cells; PBS — phosphate buffered saline; POF — premature ovarian failure. Exp Oncol 2017 39, 3, 181–185 182 Experimental Oncology 39, 181–185, 2017 (September) was dissolved in 20 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), busulfan (20 mg) dissolved in 2 ml of dime­ thylsulfoxide was added, and intraperitoneally admini­ stered by 0.5 ml to each animal. Placental explants were obtained from the human placenta by fragmentation of the villi as reported previously [21]. The placental extract was obtained by means of previously described method [22]. With this aim the human placenta delivered within 3 hr af­ ter the cesarean section was fragmented, two parts of PBS were added to one part of the placental tissue, three times cooled by immersion in liquid nitrogen and warmed in a water bath at 37 °C, centrifuged at 1500 rpm/min, the supernatant was removed and used. The placental MSCs were obtained by the method previously described, wherein the placenta cells were obtained by enzymatic method using 0.25% trypsin [23]. The cells were phenotyped earlier, CD90, CD73, CD105 markers were present on their surface, CD34 was absent, they had the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic di­ rections [23]. MSCs of adipose tissue were obtained by the method [18] using enzymatic treatment with collagenase. For a number of reasons, the cell therapy necessi­ tates the use of cryopreserved objects [22]. Placental explants and MSCs were cryopreserved according to the previously used protocol [23], the DMEM with a high glucose content and L­glulamine (BioWest, France) enriched with 10% fetal bovine serum (Lonza, Germany) and 10% dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma, USA) was used as the cryoprotective medium, were frozen in Nunc cryotubes (USA) using isopropanol contain­ ers. Mr. Frosty™ Freezing Container (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) at a rate of 1 °C down to −70 °C, fol­ lowed by an immersion into liquid nitrogen. Thawing was performed in a water bath at 37 °C. Treatment started 2 weeks later the chemotherapy. Cryopreserved explants of the placenta were intra­ muscularly injected by 10 mg through a thick needle. The placenta extract was intramuscularly injected by 0.01 ml once a day for 5 days. MSCs were intraperi­ toneally introduced once at 1•105/animal. The dose and mode of administration were used in accordance with the recommendations for drug testing and pub­ lications [18, 20, 24]. The dynamics of changes in the weight of animals was studied. The function of the ovaries was examined by the method of vaginal cytology. The sexual func­ tion was examined by counting the number of vaginal plugs. Four weeks after the chemotherapy, 5 animals from each group were removed from the experiment, the preparations of ovaries, the uteri as organs of re­ productive system, liver and kidneys as detoxification organs were histologically examined. After 12 weeks, all the animals were removed from the experiments. During the experiment, the animals were exposed to natural light, they received standard food ad libitum. To assess sexual and reproductive functions, females were kept with 6­months old intact BALB/c males at 1:3 ratio. The maintenance of animals corresponded to the current rules on equipping and keeping the vivarium. The results were statistically processed by the ANOVA method using Past V. 3.15 (Hammer, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo) software. The placentas were obtained with the informed consent of women after the cesarean section surgery. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the “General Principles of the Experiments in Animals”, approved by the 5th Congress in Bioethics (Kyiv, 2013) and coordinated with the statements of the “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986), agreed with the Committee in Bio­ ethics of the Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Protocol No. 2 of June 3rd, 2013). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During studying the dynamics of animals’ weight for 8 weeks, the body mass of mice of the control group increased from 19.8 up to 22.2 g, being the feature of mice of this age. In all the groups after chemotherapy, the weight dropped sharply down to 17.5 g followed by a slow recovery. Simultaneously, at the same time, we found a change in their general condition, i.e. hypodynamia, felted hair, eye opacity. In the group with no treatment, the mice were restored to the intact group for 8 weeks. The group injected with the placenta explants restored the weight for 5 weeks after chemotherapy, the group that received the pla­ cental cryoextract did for 6 weeks, and the groups did after the introduction of the cells for 7 weeks (Fig. 1, a). Simultaneously with the restoration of weight, the general condition and appearance of the animals improved. When investigating the number of estrous cycles by the method of vaginal cytology in the control group, a regular cycle was observed in all the animals. In the animals after chemotherapy, the absence of superficial epithelium was noted, it began to appear 5 weeks after chemotherapy, and after 8 weeks it was observed in 50% of mice that was in accordance with the reports on this model [20]. In the group after the introduction of pla­ cental explants, the cyclicity was restored quickly, and 6 weeks after chemotherapy it was observed in 100% of the animals. The use of placental cryoextract restored the estrous cycle in 80% of the animals to the 5th week. The use of cells made it possible to achieve a result to the week 7–8 in 70% of animals (Fig. 1, b). It should be noted that after chemotherapy in most animals, a regular 4­day estrous cycle was not restored, there was a periodic ap­ pearance of a superficial epithelium in the smear of kera­ tinized cells for a period from 3 to 8 days, which indicated the estrogen saturation of the organism, possible without ovulation. Restoration of the estrous cycle was correlated with the weight of mice, so when comparing the weights of the animals and the onset of regular estrous cycle, Experimental Oncology 39, 181–185, 2017 (September) 183 it was noted that mice weighing less than 18 g rarely had a regular estrous cycle. When studying the sexual function it has been shown that the number of effective couplings in the group after chemotherapy made 30% at week 8 that corresponded to the published data for the model (Fig. 1, c). With the use of various methods of therapy, this index increased up to 60–80%, higher when the explants were used, less if using the placental cryo­ extract and cells were applied. In the investigation of reproductive function 90% of the control group females became pregnant during the experiment, an average number of fetuses was 12. None of the females after the chemotherapy became pregnant. According to the literature data for this model, restoration of fertility was described in the case when the cells were introduced directly into the ovary [20]. When the animals were removed from the experi­ ment at week 4 in intact animals the ovaries were of the usual size with follicles of various maturity (Fig. 2, a), all the layers and glands were visible in the uterus (Fig. 2, b), the kidneys were of usual structure with pre­ served glomerular and tubular apparatus (Fig. 2, c), the liver with preserved lobular structure (Fig. 2, d). In the animals after chemotherapy, the decreased size of uteri and ovaries has attracted the attention. In his­ tological examination a reduced number of primary follicles, complete absence of secondary ones, sharp atrophy, and shrinkage cells and organ as a whole were found in ovaries (Fig. 2, e). In uterus a strong atrophy with thinning of all the layers was observed (Fig. 2, f). Changes in the reproductive system did not differ in all the groups receiving chemotherapy. In the kidneys a sharp edema of the cortical and medular layers was observed (Fig. 2, g), however, in the groups using the placental explants and cryoextract only a part of the kidney was edematous, not more than a half of the sections’ area (Fig. 2, h). In the study of liver, edema and its impaired lobular structure were observed in all the groups (Fig. 2, i), however, in the groups treated with cryoextract and placenta explants, the lobular structure was partially preserved (Fig. 2, j). After 12 weeks when animals were removed from the experiment in the group after chemotherapy without treatment, a sharp increase in adipose tissue in the abdominal cavity was observed. The ovaries were reduced in size, histological examination indi­ cated the absence of structural elements in them: yel­ low bodies, primordial, primary, secondary follicles, the stroma was filled with large cells (Fig. 3, a). The restoration of estrogen saturation of the body in this 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Weeks a 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Bo dy m as s, g group 1 *** * * * * * group 2 group 3 group 4 group 5 group 6 * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Weeks b 0 10 20 30 40 60 50 70 90 80 100 An im al s, % 4 5 6 7 8 Weeks c 0 10 20 30 40 60 50 70 90 80 100 An im al s, % Fig.1. Dynamics of changes in body mass of animals (а), re­ covery of estrous cycles (b) and sexual activity (с), mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 (compared with control) Fig. 2. Morphological changes in organs of studied animals in 4 weeks after chemotherapy: a–d — control group, e–j — experimental groups. Hematoxylin­eosin, scale bar 100 mm 184 Experimental Oncology 39, 181–185, 2017 (September) group of animals was evidently due to an adipose tissue, but not ovaries. Histological examination of uteri showed less pronounced atrophic events than at week 4 after chemotherapy, but the thinning of layers as well as endometrium and myometrium atrophy was significant, the lumen was enlarged, the number of glands decreased (Fig. 3, b). Histological examination of kidneys demonstrated the shrinkage of the glomeruli and a persistent edema of tubules (Fig. 3, c). In liver the foci of cirrhosis, disordered lobular structure, and areas of nuclear polymorphism were observed (Fig. 3, d). In the study of the ovaries of animals treated with placental explants the structural elements were also absent, but the follicle­like formations, i.e. the rounded areas containing large cells with a light cytoplasm (Fig. 3, e) were also enlarged if compared with the pre­ vious group. Histological examination of uteri showed an increase in the number of glands, endometrial hyperplasia, myometrium thickening (Fig. 3, f), organ structure differed slightly from intact animals. In kid­ neys the minimal changes in glomerular and tubular apparatus were observed (Fig. 3, g). In liver the lobular structure was preserved, there were no cirrhosis foci, however polymorphism of nuclei was found (Fig. 3, h). In animals treated with placental cryoextract in the ovaries, there were no typical elements, individual follicle­like structures were observed (Fig. 3, i) with the size of the ovaries smaller than in the previous group. Uterus was close to the intact (Fig. 3, j), liver was with preserved lobular structure, in some cases we found the cell polymorphism, heterogeneity. The kidneys had the preserved structure, there was a shrinkage of individual glomeruli. When investigating the groups treated with MSCs of both a placental (Fig. 3, k, l) and adipose origins (Fig. 3, m, n), the structure of organs differed slightly. In both groups there were no typical elements in ova­ ries, the hyperplasia of either individual cells or cell groups was noted. The structure of uteri was close to native, with some atrophy of the layers, the num­ ber and size of glands were increased. In kidneys the structure was preserved, there was a shrinkage of some glomeruli. In liver we noted the preserved lobular structure, individual sites of accumulation of small nuclei. In addition, it should be noted that a response of animals to chemotherapy and treatment was differ­ ent. So in the first group in the ovaries of one animal the folliculogenesis was preserved, but not there was no formation of yellow bodies and 12 weeks later no changes in the liver and kidneys. In one animal of the second group in response to the introduced explants a sharp endometrial hyperplasia was observed, with Fig. 3. Morphological changes in organs of studied animals in 12 weeks after chemotherapy: a–d — group 1; e–h, o — group 2; i–j, p — group 3; k, l — group 4; m, n — group 5. Hematoxylin­eosin, scale bar 100 mm Experimental Oncology 39, 181–185, 2017 (September) 185 complete ovarian atrophy (Fig. 3, o). One animal of the third group demonstrated a severe atrophy of the uterus at week 12 (Fig. 3, p), cirrhotic changes in the liver, de­ spite gaining the weight. However, the changes in the remaining animals in the groups were of the same type. The performed studies enabled to draw the follow­ ing conclusions: the use of various methods of cell and tissue therapy (placental explants, cryoextract, cells) had a comparable efficacy when treating the ova rian failure, induced by chemotherapy. With systemic administration of drugs (non­topical), it is possible to restore kidneys, liver, ovarian function, but not fertil­ ity. The most rapid and complete restoration of repro­ ductive system, liver and kidneys was observed when using the organotypic culture and cryoextract of pla­ centa. The use of MSCs derived from various sources led to a slower recovery. Sensitivity to chemotherapy and treatment in individuals depended on the specific characteristics of an organism. FUNDING SOURCES The research was carried out within the frame­ work of the R&D topic Ref. № 2.2.6.89 “Investigation of geroprotective and gerotherapeutic effect of pla­ cental bioobjects”, R&D № 0113U002955 “Genetic modification and long­term storage of the placental stem cells for clinical use”. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to the employees of the Medical University of Hannover, Germany (Hannover Medical School, Germany) Dr. Thomas Mueller, Dr. De­ nys Pogozhykh, Dr. Olena Pogozhykh for assistance in performing the research (advisory assistance when working with placental MSCs). CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors state that there are no conflicts of in­ terest in this study. REFERENCES 1. Fenton AJ. Premature ovarian insufficiency: Patho- genesis and management. J Midlife Health 2015; 6: 147–53. 2. Panay N, Fenton A. 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