The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
Aim. To perform the comparative study both of qualitative and quantitative content of lipids in parental and drug resistant breast cancer cells. Materials and methods. Parental (MCF-7/S) and resistant to cisplatin (MCF-7/CP) and doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dox) human breast cancer cells were used in the stud...
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Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України
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| Cite this: | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells / I.N. Todor, N.Yu. Lukianova, V.F. Chekhun // Experimental Oncology. — 2012. — Т. 34, № 2. — С. 97-100. — Бібліогр.: 28 назв. — англ. |
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| author | Todor, I.N. Lukianova, N.Yu. Chekhun, V.F. |
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| citation_txt | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells / I.N. Todor, N.Yu. Lukianova, V.F. Chekhun // Experimental Oncology. — 2012. — Т. 34, № 2. — С. 97-100. — Бібліогр.: 28 назв. — англ. |
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| description | Aim. To perform the comparative study both of qualitative and quantitative content of lipids in parental and drug resistant breast cancer cells. Materials and methods. Parental (MCF-7/S) and resistant to cisplatin (MCF-7/CP) and doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dox) human breast cancer cells were used in the study. Cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids content were determined by means of thin-layer chromatography. Results. It was found that cholesterol as well as cholesterol ethers content are significantly higher but diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols content are significantly lower in resistant cell strains than in parental (sensitive) cells. Moreover the analysis of individual phospholipids showed the increase of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid and the decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine in MCF-7/CP and MCF-7/Dox cells. Conclusion. Obtained results allow to suggest that the lipid profile changes can mediate the modulation of membrane fluidity in drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Experimental Oncology 34, 97–100, 2012 (June) 97
THE LIPID CONTENT OF CISPLATIN- AND DOXORUBICIN-
RESISTANT MCF-7 HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS
I.N. Todor*, N.Yu. Lukyanova, V.F. Chekhun
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
Aim. To perform the comparative study both of qualitative and quantitative content of lipids in parental and drug resistant breast cancer
cells. Materials and methods. Parental (MCF-7/S) and resistant to cisplatin (MCF-7/CP) and doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dox) human breast
cancer cells were used in the study. Cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids content were determined by means of thin-layer chroma-
tography. Results. It was found that cholesterol as well as cholesterol ethers content are significantly higher but diacylglycerols, triacyl-
glycerols content are significantly lower in resistant cell strains than in parental (sensitive) cells. Moreover the analysis of individual
phospholipids showed the increase of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid and the decrease of phosphatidy-
lethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine in MCF-7/CP and MCF-7/Dox cells. Conclusion. Obtained results allow to suggest that the lipid
profile changes can mediate the modulation of membrane fluidity in drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Key Words: MCF-7 cells, total lipids, phospholipids, tumor drug resistance.
Much attention has been recently paid to the lipid-
protein interactions as an important component in the
biochemical state and the regulation of cellular vital ac-
tivity [1–4]. These phenomena become of particular
importance in the process of transforming normal cells
into malignant. The notion of so-called membrane-lipid
therapy has even been formulated, which aims to develop
drugs that affect the lipid organization and can modulate
the localization and activity of membrane proteins [5, 6].
Lipids not only affect the structure of membranes, but also
fulfill the relevant regulatory functions in normal and tumor
cells. For example, some protein kinase C isoenzymes
are activated by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyletha-
nolamine and diacylglycerol [7–10]. Phosphoinositides,
namely phosphatidylinositol, take a direct part in the
operation of certain signal pathways in the cell and Ca2+-
transport [11]. Negatively charged phosphatidylserine
regulates the electrostatic interaction between proteins
and membranes [5], and some lipid domains in mem-
branes are peculiar temperature sensors during the
reaction of cells to heat shock [12]. According to several
studies there is a significant difference in lipid composi-
tion for normal and tumor cells of the same histogenesis
[13–17]. Thus, the existence of the differences in the level
of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM) and
phosphatidylinositol (PI) has been shown by T.E. Merchant
et al. during the comparative study of the lipid content
of normal breast tissue cells and tissues of benign as well
malignant tumors of human breast by the use of 31P NMR
spectroscopy [16]. The same authors found that low-
grade differentiated and high-grade differentiated tumors
vary in level of PC in colon cancer cells [14]. It was shown
that the reduction of cholesterol was observed in Mor-
ris 5123 hepatoma cell membranes in comparison with
hepatocytes[17].
Besides, the results of our previous studies have
shown that changes in lipid composition of tumor
cells also occur during the process of drug resistance
phenotype development. So in particular, some diffe-
rences in the phospholipid content of cell membranes
of parental and doxorubicin-resistant Guerin carci-
noma were found [18, 19]. These data indicate that
some minor phospholipids may play an important role
in the development of tumor drug resistance. Thus
due to the resistance development a malignant cell
acquires new properties which are reflected on the
both morphological level and change of its molecular
and biochemical characteristics [20].
Taking into account above mentioned the study
of qualitative and quantitative lipid composition
of sensitive and resistant malignant cells is relevant.
It can allow to clarify the mechanisms of tumor cells
resistance formation and to argue for the expedient
using of liposomal forms of anticancer drugs that could
probably increase the efficacy of anticancer therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cell strains and cell cultivation. The cells of the
parental MCF-7/S strain were cultivated in the Dulbecco
ISCOVE modified medium (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie
GmbH, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal calf
serum (“Sangva”, Ukraine) at 37◦C and saturated air
with 5% CO2. The cells were subcultured twice a week
with a 2–4x104 cells/cm2 surface plating density. Cell
lines resistant to the action of anticancer drugs (MCF-7/
CP — resistant to cisplatin and MCF-7/Dox — resistant
to doxorubicin) were obtained as presented earlier [24].
Thin-layer chromatography method. The
qualitative and quantitative composition of total lipids
Received: May 3, 2012.
*Correspondence: E-mail: todor_igor@yahoo.com
Fax: 38+(044)-258–16–56
Abbreviations used: Ch — cholesterol; ChE — cholesterol ethers;
CL — cardiolipin; DG — diacylglycerols; FFA — free fatty acids;
LPC — lisophosphatidylcholine; MG — mоnoacylglycerols; PA —
phosphatidic acid; PC — phosphatidylcholine; PE — phosphatidy-
lethanolamine; PG — phosphatidylglycerol; PI — phosphatidylinosi-
tol; PL — phospholipids; PS — phosphatidylserine; SM — sphingo-
mielyn; TG — triacylglycerols.
Exp Oncol 2012
34, 2, 97–100
98 Experimental Oncology 34, 97–100, 2012 (June)
and phospholipids were determined by thin-layer
chromatography method using plates “Sorbfil” PTSH-
AF-A (“Imid Ltd”, Krasnodar, Russia). To realize this
purpose the lipids from the MCF-7/S, MCF-7/CP and
MCF-7/Dox cells were extracted using a chloroform/
methanol solvent mixture (1:1, v/v). The thin-layer
chromatography of total lipids was carried out only
in one direction in the hexane/diethyl ether/glacial
acetic acid solvent system (85:15:1, v/v) [21]. The
thin-layer chromatography of phospholipids was car-
ried out in two mutually perpendicular directions [22].
The first solvent system was chloroform/methanol/
benzene/ammonia (65:30:10:6, v/v). The second
system was chloroform/methanol/benzene/acetone/
glacial acetic acid/water (70:30:10:5:4:1, v/v). After
the evaporation of the solvent system the plates were
treated with 10% H2SO4 in methanol and heated for
5 min at 180 ◦C. All chromatograms were scanned and
scans were imaged with the program Picture J. Lipid
content was expressed in percents. Seven experi-
ments with each cell line were performed in this study.
The statistical analysis of the results was carried out
using Student’s test. Differences were consi dered
significant at p<0.05.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results presented in Table 1 show marked diffe-
rences in the total lipid composition between sensitive
and resistant MCF-7 cell strains. It has to be marked
that used method didn’t allow to determine free fatty
acids in resistant cells. It was shown (see Table 1) the
significant increase of cholesterol in the MCF-7 cells
resistant to cisplatin and doxorubicin by 60 and 55%,
respectively (P<0,05). At the same time in the MCF-7/
CP and MCF-7/Dox cells the increase of cholesterol
esters content was recorded. Formation of drug resis-
tance phenotype in human breast cancer cells is also
accompanied with significant quantitative changes
of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols. For example,
in the cells of both resistant strains a much smaller
number of monoacylglycerols in comparison with
the cells of sensitive strain (P<0,05) was observed.
In the MCF-7/CP cells the amount of monoacylglyc-
erols was reduced by 3.7 fold and in the MCF-7/Dox
cells by 3.4 fold. The reduction of diacylglycerols and
triacyl glycerols amount in the cells of both resistant
strains was also recorded.
Table 1. The content of total lipids (%) in sensitive and resistant
MCF-7 strain cells (n = 7)
Lipids MCF-7/S MCF-7/CP MCF-7/Dox
Phospholipids (PL) 12.7±1.0 17.7±1.0 ▲ 18.7±1.3 ▲
Моnoacylglycerols (МG) 6.7±0.1 1.8±0.2 ▼ 2.0±0.4 ▼
Cholesterol (Ch) 18.1±1.8 29.0±0.8 ▲ 28.2±1.4 ▲
Free fatty acids (FFA) 5.6±0.1 0 ▼ 0 ▼
Diacylglycerols (DG) 19.4±0.7 17,6±0.6 15.0±0.5 ▼
Тriacylglycerols (TG) 29.6±0.9 8.3±0.7 ▼ 18.1±0.4 ▼
Cholesterol ethers (ChE) 7.9±1.2 25.6±0.7 ▲ 18.0±1.8 ▲
Note: ▲— significantly higher (P<0.05) than in MCF-7/S cells; ▼ — signifi-
cantly lower (P<0.05) than in MCF-7/S cells
We also found that the total content of phospholipids
is higher in resistant cells than in sensitive ones. The
individual phospholipid analysis of MCF-7/S, MCF-7/
CP MCF-7/Dox cells has shown that the resistant cells
compared with sensitive cells contain more SM and phos-
phatidylglycerol (Table 2) and, conversely, less PE. Also,
the increase of cardiolipin (diphosphatidyl glycerol) level
in resistant cells (especially in MCF-7/CP) was notewor-
thy. It is known that cardiolipin is localized both on the
inner and outer mitochondrial membrane sheets and
in contact places of eukaryotic cells. This substance
is necessary for the catalytic activity of several enzymes
involved in energy metabolism (provides the coupling
of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria [23]). The
interaction of cardiolipin with mitochondrial proteins
is specific. Acylic cardiolipin composition is an important
factor that provides the functional reactivation of mito-
chondrial enzymes, such as cytochrome-c-oxidase.
Moreover, acylic cardiolipin composition plays a key role
in the initiation of apoptosis (cit. [23]).
Table 2. The content of phospholipids (%) in sensitive and resistant cells
of MCF-7 strain (n = 7)
Lipids MCF-7/S MCF-7/CP MCF-7/Dox
Lisophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 5.6±0.4 6.5±0.9 5.9±0.4
Sphingomielyn (SM) 7.6±0.4 12.0±0.5 ▲ 9.8±0.2 ▲
Phosphatidylserine (PS) 6.7±0.4 8.8±0.6 ▲ 9.4±0.6 ▲
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 8.4±0.2 7.3±1.0 8.8±0.7
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) 39.4±2.4 30.2±3.0 ▼ 30.2±3.1 ▼
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 16.4±0.3 11.8±0.3 ▼ 12.8±0.6 ▼
Cardiolipin (CL) 6.7±0.3 9.2±0.4 ▲ 8.6±0.2 ▲
Phosphatidic acid (PA) 4.4±0.7 6.8±0.2 ▲ 7.4±0.3 ▲
Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 4.8±0.3 7.4±0.3 ▲ 7.1±0.2 ▲
Note: ▲ — significantly higher (P<0.05) than in MCF-7/S cells; ▼ — signifi-
cantly lower (P<0.05) than in MCF-7/S cells
The higher level of phosphatidic acid and phosphati-
dylserine was defined in the MCF-7/CP and MCF-7/Dox
cells comparatively to MCF-7/S cells. Phosphatidic acid
is an important point of branching in the biosynthesis
of various phospholipids (Fig. 1). Thus, the synthesis
of PC, PE and phosphatidylserine is carried out as a re-
sult of the hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid and diacyl-
glycerol formation under the influence of phosphatidic
acid phosphatase. Another variant of phosphatidic acid
metabolism is its conversion into CDP-diacylglycerol
which is used in biosynthesis of PI, phosphatidylglycerol
and cardiolipin [23].
In accordance with well known data about metabo-
lism of phospholipids we would also like to mention that
the differences between sensitive and resistant cells
in lisophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and PI content were
not observed in our study.
Thus, we found that the formation of resistance
to anticancer drugs is accompanied by changes in the
composition of lipids in MCF-7 human breast cancer
cells. The increase of cholesterol and SM content
causes as known the decrease of cell membrane fluid-
ity. This assumption is also confirmed by determination
of the PC/SM ratio. PC and SM adapt mainly lamellar
configuration of cell membrane and, therefore, sig-
nificantly influence the membrane stability and fluidity.
The content of PC in resistant cells was decreased
and SM — increased. Therefore as seen from the data
presented in Table 3, the PC/SM ratio in the MCF-7/
CP and MCF-7/Dox cells is significantly lower than the
same one in sensitive MCF-7/S cells that can indicate
the decrease of resistant cells membrane fluidity.
Experimental Oncology 34, 97–100, 2012 (June) 99
Table 3. The PC/SM ratio in MCF-7 cells (n=7)
MCF-7/S MCF-7/CP MCF-7/Dox
5.2±0.3 2.5±0.4 ▼ 3.1±0.3 ▼
Note: ▼ — significantly lower (P<0.05) than in MCF-7/S cells.
In general, paying attention to the change of cho-
lesterol and SM amounts in resistant cells, it is worth
to say about lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are peculiar areas
within the outer sheet of plasma membrane that are
enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids. They
are able to selectively incorporate proteins, modify
protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. These
membrane microdomains participate in the processes
of membranes invagination, signal transduction, en-
docytosis (cit. [23]).
To explain the obtained results we used the scheme
persented in the Fig. 1. It can be seen from the scheme
that an increase of phosphatidic acid and phosphati-
dylserine level is fixed in resistant cells. This situation
should result in the increase of PE and respectively
to the increase of PC. However, we don’t observe such
one. On the contrary, the level of last phospholipids
in the resistant cells becomes lower comparatively
to basestrain ones. On the one hand, cell maligniza-
tion is often accompanied by hyperhomocystein-
emia, which results in the disruption of methylation
processes (i.e., to hypomethylation), that it was
shown in our previous works [24, 25]. On the other
hand, perhaps, an inhibition of phosphatidylserine
decarboxylation occurs, which leads to the decrease
of PE. Along with this, in resistant cells probably also
an inhibition of PC synthesis through “diacylglycerol
way” carries out.
Glucose
Inositol
Phosphatidyl-
inositol
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidyl-
ethanolamine
CDP-DAG
Serine
Serine
Ethanolamine
CDP-choline
(CDP-ethanolamine)
Choline
(Ethanolamine)
Phosphocholine
(Phosphoethanolamine)
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
GlycerolDioxyacetone-
phosphate
Glycerol-3-
phosphate
Phoshatidic
acid
Pl
2 x Acyl-S-CoA
Acyl-S-CoA
1,2-diacyl-
glycerol
Triacyl-
glycerol
CO2
CH3
+
+
–
–
–
–
Fig. 1. Scheme of the biosynthesis of certain phospholipids. “+”
and “-” means increase or decrease of the corresponding lipids
in resistant MCF-7 cells
We suppose that the increase of cholesterol and
SM content results in the decrease of membrane flu-
idity, and the increase of phosphatidylserine results
in the activation of the cytotoxic substances elimina-
tion by means of P-glycoprotein, that is in accordance
with literature data [25–27]. The obtained data are also
confirmed by our previous results and the data of other
authors [18, 19, 28]. So, we have proved the role
of lipid component in the formation of drug resistance
phenotype in malignant cells. We would like to pres-
ent the hypothetical scheme of membrane in drug
resistant cells (Fig. 2). These data may be used for the
development of new forms of anticancer drugs which
could significantly improve the efficacy of cytostatics
through overcome drug resistance.
Sensitive cell membrane
Resistant cell membrane
Saturated phospholipids
Unsaturated phospholipids
Sphingomyelin
Cholesterol
Proteins
Fig. 2. Structural organization of chemotherapy drugs resistant
cell membranes
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Copyright © Experimental Oncology, 2012
|
| id | nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-138697 |
| institution | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| issn | 1812-9269 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-12-07T18:18:30Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | Todor, I.N. Lukianova, N.Yu. Chekhun, V.F. 2018-06-19T11:49:01Z 2018-06-19T11:49:01Z 2012 The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells / I.N. Todor, N.Yu. Lukianova, V.F. Chekhun // Experimental Oncology. — 2012. — Т. 34, № 2. — С. 97-100. — Бібліогр.: 28 назв. — англ. 1812-9269 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/138697 Aim. To perform the comparative study both of qualitative and quantitative content of lipids in parental and drug resistant breast cancer cells. Materials and methods. Parental (MCF-7/S) and resistant to cisplatin (MCF-7/CP) and doxorubicin (MCF-7/Dox) human breast cancer cells were used in the study. Cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids content were determined by means of thin-layer chromatography. Results. It was found that cholesterol as well as cholesterol ethers content are significantly higher but diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols content are significantly lower in resistant cell strains than in parental (sensitive) cells. Moreover the analysis of individual phospholipids showed the increase of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid and the decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine in MCF-7/CP and MCF-7/Dox cells. Conclusion. Obtained results allow to suggest that the lipid profile changes can mediate the modulation of membrane fluidity in drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. en Інститут експериментальної патології, онкології і радіобіології ім. Р.Є. Кавецького НАН України Experimental Oncology Original contributions The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells Article published earlier |
| spellingShingle | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells Todor, I.N. Lukianova, N.Yu. Chekhun, V.F. Original contributions |
| title | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells |
| title_full | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells |
| title_fullStr | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells |
| title_short | The lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells |
| title_sort | lipid content of cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant mcf-7 human breast cancer cells |
| topic | Original contributions |
| topic_facet | Original contributions |
| url | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/138697 |
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