Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes

A small-sized gamma-detection block of scintillator-photodiodetem is reported. The block operates in the 0.05-3.0 meV energy range and the dose rate range from 10⁻⁶ to 10³ R/h and more. The detection block operates in a combined counting-current mode with spectrometry functions. Transition from the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Date:2004
Main Authors: Nekrasov, V.V., Belogub, V.V., Selegenev, E.M., Grynyov, B.V., Borodenko, Yu.A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України 2004
Series:Functional Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/139306
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Journal Title:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Cite this:Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes / V.V. Nekrasov, V.V. Belogub , E.M. Selegenev, B.V. Grynyov, Yu.A. Borodenko // Functional Materials. — 2004. — Т. 11, № 2. — С. 420-425. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-139306
record_format dspace
spelling nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1393062025-02-09T14:00:02Z Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes Розробка блока детектування системи сцинтилятор-фотодіод сполученого режиму роботи (лічильно-токовий) для азимутально-виявного комплексу Nekrasov, V.V. Belogub, V.V. Selegenev, E.M. Grynyov, B.V. Borodenko, Yu.A. News of technology A small-sized gamma-detection block of scintillator-photodiodetem is reported. The block operates in the 0.05-3.0 meV energy range and the dose rate range from 10⁻⁶ to 10³ R/h and more. The detection block operates in a combined counting-current mode with spectrometry functions. Transition from the counting mode to the current mode and back is carried out automatically. The detection block is designed for use in azimuthal detectin g complexes of surveyor robots, in multifunctional dosimeters, direction-finding dosimeters, etc. Разработан малогабаритный блок детектирования у -излучения системы сцинтиллятор-фотодиод, работающий в диапазоне энергий 0,05-3,0 меВ и диапазоне мощностей доз от 10⁻⁶ до 10³ Р/ч и более. Блок детектирования имеет совмещенный счетно-токовый режим с функцией спектрометрии. Переход со счетного режима на токовый и обратно происходит автоматически. Блок детектирования предназначен для использования в азимутально-обнаружительном комплексе робота-разведчика, многофункциональном дозиметре-пеленгаторе и др. Розроблено малогабаритний блок детектування у-випромінювання системи сцинтилятор-фотодіод, що працює у діапазоні енергій 0,05-3,0 MеВ і діапазоні потужностей доз від 10⁻⁶ до 10³ і більш Р/год. Блок детектування має суміщений рахунково-струмовий режим з функцією спектрометрії. Перехід з рахункового режиму на струмовий і назад проходить автоматично. Блок детектування призначено для використання у азимутально-виявляючому комплексі робота-розвідник, багатофункціональному дозиметрі, дозиметрі-пеленгаторі та ін. 2004 Article Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes / V.V. Nekrasov, V.V. Belogub , E.M. Selegenev, B.V. Grynyov, Yu.A. Borodenko // Functional Materials. — 2004. — Т. 11, № 2. — С. 420-425. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ. 1027-5495 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/139306 en Functional Materials application/pdf НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
collection DSpace DC
language English
topic News of technology
News of technology
spellingShingle News of technology
News of technology
Nekrasov, V.V.
Belogub, V.V.
Selegenev, E.M.
Grynyov, B.V.
Borodenko, Yu.A.
Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
Functional Materials
description A small-sized gamma-detection block of scintillator-photodiodetem is reported. The block operates in the 0.05-3.0 meV energy range and the dose rate range from 10⁻⁶ to 10³ R/h and more. The detection block operates in a combined counting-current mode with spectrometry functions. Transition from the counting mode to the current mode and back is carried out automatically. The detection block is designed for use in azimuthal detectin g complexes of surveyor robots, in multifunctional dosimeters, direction-finding dosimeters, etc.
format Article
author Nekrasov, V.V.
Belogub, V.V.
Selegenev, E.M.
Grynyov, B.V.
Borodenko, Yu.A.
author_facet Nekrasov, V.V.
Belogub, V.V.
Selegenev, E.M.
Grynyov, B.V.
Borodenko, Yu.A.
author_sort Nekrasov, V.V.
title Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
title_short Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
title_full Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
title_fullStr Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
title_full_unstemmed Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
title_sort development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes
publisher НТК «Інститут монокристалів» НАН України
publishDate 2004
topic_facet News of technology
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/139306
citation_txt Development of a detection block of a combined mode scintillator-photodiode system (counting-current) for azimuthal detecting complexes / V.V. Nekrasov, V.V. Belogub , E.M. Selegenev, B.V. Grynyov, Yu.A. Borodenko // Functional Materials. — 2004. — Т. 11, № 2. — С. 420-425. — Бібліогр.: 4 назв. — англ.
series Functional Materials
work_keys_str_mv AT nekrasovvv developmentofadetectionblockofacombinedmodescintillatorphotodiodesystemcountingcurrentforazimuthaldetectingcomplexes
AT belogubvv developmentofadetectionblockofacombinedmodescintillatorphotodiodesystemcountingcurrentforazimuthaldetectingcomplexes
AT selegenevem developmentofadetectionblockofacombinedmodescintillatorphotodiodesystemcountingcurrentforazimuthaldetectingcomplexes
AT grynyovbv developmentofadetectionblockofacombinedmodescintillatorphotodiodesystemcountingcurrentforazimuthaldetectingcomplexes
AT borodenkoyua developmentofadetectionblockofacombinedmodescintillatorphotodiodesystemcountingcurrentforazimuthaldetectingcomplexes
AT nekrasovvv rozrobkablokadetektuvannâsistemiscintilâtorfotodíodspolučenogorežimurobotilíčilʹnotokovijdlâazimutalʹnoviâvnogokompleksu
AT belogubvv rozrobkablokadetektuvannâsistemiscintilâtorfotodíodspolučenogorežimurobotilíčilʹnotokovijdlâazimutalʹnoviâvnogokompleksu
AT selegenevem rozrobkablokadetektuvannâsistemiscintilâtorfotodíodspolučenogorežimurobotilíčilʹnotokovijdlâazimutalʹnoviâvnogokompleksu
AT grynyovbv rozrobkablokadetektuvannâsistemiscintilâtorfotodíodspolučenogorežimurobotilíčilʹnotokovijdlâazimutalʹnoviâvnogokompleksu
AT borodenkoyua rozrobkablokadetektuvannâsistemiscintilâtorfotodíodspolučenogorežimurobotilíčilʹnotokovijdlâazimutalʹnoviâvnogokompleksu
first_indexed 2025-11-26T14:28:12Z
last_indexed 2025-11-26T14:28:12Z
_version_ 1849863486555815936
fulltext 'HYHORSPHQW�RI�D�GHWHFWLRQ�EORFN�RI�DFRPELQHG�PRGH�VFLQWLOODWRU�SKRWRGLRGH�V\VWHP�FRXQWLQJ�FXUUHQW��IRU�D]LPXWKDO�GHWHFWLQJFRPSOH[HV 9�9�1HNUDVRY��9�9�%HORJXE ��(�0�6HOHJHQHY�%�9�*U\Q\RY��<X�$�%RURGHQNR 67&��,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV���1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV�RI��8NUDLQH�,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6FLQWLOODWLRQ�0DWHULDOV�6FLHQWLILF�5HVHDUFK�2UJDQL]DWLRQ 6(/', ����/HQLQ�$YH���������.KDUNLY��8NUDLQH 5HFHLYHG�1RYHPEHU��������� $� VPDOO�VL]HG� JDPPD�GHWHFWLRQ� EORFN� RI� VFLQWLOODWRU�SKRWRGLRGHWHP� LV� UHSRUWHG�� 7KHEORFN� RSHUDWHV� LQ� WKH� ���������uH9� HQHUJ\� UDQJH� DQG� WKH� GRVH� UDWH� UDQJH� IURP����� WR��� 5�K�DQG�PRUH��7KH�GHWHFWLRQ�EORFN�RSHUDWHV�LQ�D�FRPELQHG�FRXQWLQJ�FXUUHQW�PRGH�ZLWKVSHFWURPHWU\�IXQFWLRQV��7UDQVLWLRQ�IURP�WKH�FRXQWLQJ�PRGH�WR�WKH�FXUUHQW�PRGH�DQG�EDFNLV�FDUULHG�RXW�DXWRPDWLFDOO\��7KH�GHWHFWLRQ�EORFN�LV�GHVLJQHG�IRU�XVH�LQ�D]LPXWKDO�GHWHFWLQ JFRPSOH[HV�RI�VXUYH\RU�URERWV��LQ�PXOWLIXQFWLRQDO�GRVLPHWHUV��GLUHFWLRQ�ILQGLQJ�GRVLPHWH UV�HWF� èjoéjivzjt�ujsvmjijéqzt�p�isvr�lnznrzqévkjtq¹�γ −qosy·ntq¹�xqxznu��x|qtzqss¹�zvé�{vzvlqvl��éjivzjí�qp�k�lqjwjovtn� ëtnémqp����������unÆ�q�lqjwjovtn�uv�tvxznplvo�vz����� lv���� è�·�q�ivsnn��Èsvr�lnznrzqévkjtq¹�qunnz�xvkun�ntt�p�x·nztv�zvrv�k�p� én qu� x� {ytr|qnp� xwnrzévunzéqq�� Ínén}vl� xv� x·nztvmv� én quj� tj� zvrvk�p� qviéjztv�wévqx}vlqz� jkzvujzq·nxrq��Èsvr�lnznrzqévkjtq¹�wénltjotj·nt� ls¹�qxwvs�ov�kjtq¹� k� joquyzjs�tv�vitjéy qzns�tvu� rvuwsnrxn� évivzj�éjoknl·qrj�� utvmv{ytr|qv�tjs�tvu�lvoqunzén�wnsntmjzvén�q�lé��� $GYDQWDJHV�RI�WKH�VFLQWLOODWRU�SKRWRGLRGH�6�3'��V\VWHP�DV�FRPSDUHG�ZLWK�WUDGLWLRQDORQHV�� OLNH� JDV� FRXQWHUV�� VFLQWLOODWRU�307�VHPLFRQGXFWRU�GHWHFWRUV��HWF���KDYH�EHHQ�GH �VFULEHG�LQ�GHWDLO�LQ�PDQ\�SXEOLFDWLRQV�>���@�+RZHYHU�� DV� GLVWLQFW� IURP� WKHVH� V\VWHPVZLWK� RXWSXW� VLJQDOV� RI� UDWKHU� ODUJH� DPSOL �WXGH����������9�DQG�PRUH���WKH�6�3'�V\VWHPFDQQRW� EH� FRQVLGHUHG� DV� D� FRPSOHWH� RQH�VLQFH�WKH�VLJQDO�HPHUJLQJ�DW�WKH�SKRWRGLRGHRXWSXW� LV� YHU\� ZHDN� DQG� UHTXLUHV� IXUWKHUDPSOLILFDWLRQ� DQG� SURFHVVLQJ� LQ� RUGHU� WRUHDFK� DPSOLWXGHV� RI� a�������� 9�� 7KH� SURE�OHP� RI� DPSOLILFDWLRQ� RI� ZHDN� VLJQDOV� LVUDWKHU� FRPSOH[� DQG� UHTXLUHV� VSHFLDO� PHWK �RGV�DQG�ZD\V��0RUHRYHU��KLJK�UHTXLUHPHQWV DUH� SXW� WR� SKRWRGLRGH� SDUDPHWHUV�� PHHWLQJZKLFK�LV�DOVR�D�GLIILFXOW�WDVN��1HYHUWKHOHVV�LI�WKH�ZKROH�SUREOHP�LV�WUHDWHG�LQ�FRPSOH[�DOO� GLIILFXOWLHV� UHODWHG� WR� UHDOL]DWLRQ� RI� WKHSRVVLELOLWLHV�RIIHUHG�E\�6�3'�V\VWHPV�FDQ�EHRYHUFRPH�� $� FRPSOH[� DSSURDFK� PHDQV� WKDWOLPLWLQJ� SDUDPHWHUV� RI� WKH�ZKROH� FKDLQ� DUHWR� EH� UHDFKHG�� FU\VWDO�SKRWRGLRGH�GHWHFWRU�FLUFXLWU\��6XFK� IRUPXODWLRQ�RI� WKH� UHVHDUFKWDVNV� DOORZHG� XV� WR� REWDLQ� SRVLWLYH� UHVXOWV�RQH�RI�ZKLFK�LV�SUHVHQWHG�LQ�WKLV�SDSHU�$Q� D]LPXWKDO�GHWHFWLQJ� FRPSOH[� �$]'&�LV� GHVLJQHG� IRU� DXWRPDWLF� UHPRWH� GHWHFWLRQRI�ORFDO�VRXUFHV�RI� γ�UDGLDWLRQ�IRU�WKHLU�VDIHVWRUDJH�RU�QHXWUDOL]DWLRQ��$]'&�LV�LQVWDOOHGRQ�D�VXUYH\RU�URERW�DQG�FRPSULVHV�GHWHFWRUV )XQFWLRQDO�0DWHULDOV�����1R��������� �������²�,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV 1HZV�RI�7HFKQRORJ\ ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� RI� WZR� W\SHV�� RSHUDWLQJ� LQ� WKH� FXUUHQW� DQGFRXQWLQJ� PRGHV�� UHVSHFWLYHO\�� 7KH\� DUHJURXSHG� LQWR� WZR� EORFNV�� ��� GHWHFWRUV� LQHDFK�� $V� FRXQWLQJ� GHWHFWRUV�� JDV� FRXQWHUVDUH� XVHG�� ZKLOH� FXUUHQW�PRGH� GHWHFWRUV� DUH6(/',����� 6�3'� W\SH� GHWHFWRUV� GHYHORSHGE\�WKH�,QVWLWXWH�IRU�6LQJOH�&U\VWDOV�7KHVH� GHWHFWRUV� KDYH� D� QXPEHU� RI� VXE �VWDQWLDO� GUDZEDFNV�� DPRQJ� ZKLFK� RQHVKRXOG�QRWH�WKHLU�ODUJH�VL]H�DQG�ZHLJKW��ORZGHWHFWLRQ�HIILFLHQF\�RI�KLJK�HQHUJ\�SDUWLFOHVE\�JDV�GHWHFWRUV��SUREOHPV�LQ�FRPELQLQJ�LQ �IRUPDWLRQ� IURP� WKH� FXUUHQW� DQG� FRXQWLQJGHWHFWRUV�LQ�WKH����� 5�K�UDQJH��7KH�ODWWHUGUDZEDFN� LV� YHU\� LPSRUWDQW�� DV� LQ� WKLVUDQJH�JDV�GHWHFWRUV�DUH�UHDFKLQJ�VDWXUDWLRQ�ZKLOH� FXUUHQW� GHWHFWRUV� GLG� QRW� HQVXUH� WKHUHTXLUHG� VHQVLWLYLW\�� $V� D� UHVXOW�� WKH� VXU �YH\RU�URERW� LQ�WKLV�FURVVRYHU�UDQJH� ORVW�KLVRULHQWDWLRQ� LQ� γ�ILHOGV�� ZKLFK� FDXVHG� QHJD�WLYH�HIIHFWV�RQ�WKH�RSHUDWLRQ�TXDOLW\�:H� KDYH� GHYHORSHG� D� GHWHFWLRQ� EORFN�'%��RSHUDWLQJ� LQ�D�FRPELQHG�FRXQWLQJ�FXU �UHQW� PRGH� ZLWK� IXQFWLRQV� RI� VSHFWURPHWU\�ZKLFK� KDV� QR� DERYH�PHQWLRQHG� GUDZEDFNV�,Q�WKH�GRVH�UDWH�UDQJH�RI����� 5�K��'%�KDVD� FHUWDLQ� RYHUODSSLQJ� RI� WKH� FXUUHQW� DQGFRXQWLQJ�PRGHV��ZKLFK� DOORZV� FDUU\LQJ� RXWFRQWLQXRXV� PHDVXUHPHQWV�� 7KH� GHWHFWLRQEORFN�FRPSULVHV�D�6�3'�GHWHFWRU��D�SHDN�GH �WHFWRU��D�EORFN�IRU�SXOVH�DPSOLWXGH�PHDVXUH �PHQW� DQG� VSHFWUD� VWRUDJH�� D� EORFN� IRU� V\Q �FKURQL]DWLRQ�DQG�H[FKDQJH��D�EORFN�IRU�FXU �UHQW�PHDVXUHPHQW��DQG�D�56�����LQWHUIDFH�7KH�GHWHFWRU�LQFOXGHV�²�VFLQWLOODWRU�&V,�7O� RI�����FP� YROXPH�²�SLQ�SKRWRGLRGH���FP��²�FKDUJH�VHQVLWLYH�DPSOLILHU��&6$��²�����µV�DQG���µV�VKDSHUV�²�WHPSHUDWXUH�VHQVRU�²�FRPPXWDWRU�7KH�SHDN�GHWHFWRU�EORFN�FRQVLVWV�RI�²� WKH� SHDN� GHWHFWRU� LWVHOI�� ZKLFK�PHPRUL]HV��WKH�SXOVH�VKDSH�²�FRUUHFWRU�RI�����OLQH��ZKLFK�PHDVXUHVDQG�VWRUHV�WKH�����OLQH�ELDV�²�FRPSDUDWRU�²� GLJLWDO� YDULDEOH� UHVLVWRU� VHWWLQJ� WKHFRPSDUDWRU�WKUHVKROG�²� ODXQFKLQJ�FLUFXLW� IRU�SXOVH�DPSOLWXGHPHDVXUHPHQW�RQ�D�'�WULJJHU�7KH�EORFN�IRU�PHDVXUHPHQW�RI�SXOVH�DP �SOLWXGHV�DQG�VSHFWUD�VWRUDJH�FRQVLVWV�RI�²� D� ���GLJLW� DQDORJ�WR�GLJLW� FRQYHUWHU�$'&��²�PLFURSURFHVVRU��03��²�5$0�IRU�VSHFWUD�7KH� EORFN� IRU� FXUUHQW�PHDVXUHPHQW� FRQ �VLVWV�RI� ²�D����GLJLW�$'&��D�PLFURSURFHVVRU�²�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�FLUFXLW�7KH� EORFN� IRU� FXUUHQW� PHDVXUHPHQW� LVOLQNHG� WR� WKH� ELDV� VHWWLQJ� FLUFXLW�²� ��� 9�7KH�V\Q�FKURQL]DWLRQ�DQG�H[FKDQJH�EORFN� LVD�PLFURSURFHVVRU�PDQDJHU�FRQWUROOLQJ�D�V\V �WHP� RI� VHYHUDO� PHDVXUHPHQW� FKDQQHOV�� 7KH56����� LQWHUIDFH�HQVXUHV�FRQQHFWLRQ�ZLWK�DFRPSXWHU�YLD�&20�SRUW��IRU�UDSLG�H[FKDQJH�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�YLD�/37�SRUW���7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ�RI�WKH�RSWLFDO�VLJQDO�ZDVFDUULHG� RXW� LQ� WKH� IROORZLQJ� ZD\�� γ�TXDQWDDUH� FRQYHUWHG� LQWR� SKRWRQV�� LQ� WKH� SLQ�GLRGH��WKH�SKRWRQV�DUH�FRQYHUWHG�WR�DQ�HOHF �WULF� FKDUJH�� ZKLFK�� LQ� WXUQ�� LV� FRQYHUWHGLQWR� YROWDJH� LQ� WKH� FKDUJH�VHQVLWLYH� DPSOL �ILHU�� DQG� WKH� YROWDJH� GLIIHUHQFH� LV� VKDSHGLQWR�D�SXOVH��7KHQ�WKH�SXOVH�FRPHV��WKURXJKWKH� FRPPXWDWRU�� L�H��� WKH� RXWSXW� RI� RQH� RIWKH�VKDSHUV��WR�WKH�SHDN�GHWHFWRU�WKDW�VWRUHVWKH�PD[LPXP� SXOVH� YDOXH�� 7KH� SHDN� GHWHF �WRU�FDQ�RSHUDWH�LQ�WZR�PRGHV��ZDWFKLQJ�DQGVWRUDJH�� 6ZLWFKLQJ� RYHU� EHWZHHQ� WKH�PRGHVLV�PDGH�E\�WKH�PLFURSURFHVVRU��,Q�WKH�LQLWLDOVWDWH�� WKH� SHDN� GHWHFWRU� LV� LQ� WKH�ZDWFKLQJPRGH��DQG�WKH�VLJQDO�DW�WKH�GHWHFWRU�RXWSXWUHSHDWV� WKH� LQSXW� VLJQDO�� :KHQ� DQ� LQSXWSXOVH�SDVVHV�RYHU�D� VSHFLILHG�WKUHVKROG� �WKHWKUHVKROG�LV�VHW�E\�WKH�PLFURSURFHVVRU�XVLQJD� GLJLWDO� UHVLVWRU��� WKH� FRPSDUDWRU� IXQF �WLRQV�� :KHQ� WKH� FRPSDUDWRU� SDVVHV� RYHUIURP� ���� WR� ����� WKH�SHDN� GHWHFWRU�JRHV� WRWKH� VWRUDJH� PRGH� DQG� UHFRUGV� WKH� SXOVHPD[LPXP�� $IWHU� D� WLPH� LQWHUYDO� HTXDO� WRWKH�VKDSHU� WLPH�SOXV� RQH�PLFURVHFRQG� �FRQ �WUROOHG� E\� WKH� PLFURSURFHVVRU��� DQ� $'&ODXQFKLQJ� VLJQDO� LV� IRUPHG�� DQG� WKH� SHDNGHWHFWRU� JRHV� EDFN� WR� WKH� ZDWFKLQJ� PRGHDQG�ZDLWV� IRU� WKH�QH[W�SXOVH��7KH�UHVXOW�RI$'&� WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ� LV� ZULWWHQ� WR� 5$0XQGHU� FRQWURO� RI� WKH� PLFURSURFHVVRU�� 7KHGDWD�VWRUHG�LQ�5$0��VSHFWUD��DUH� WUDQV�IHU �UHG�WR�WKH�FRPSXWHU�XVLQJ�D�56�����SRUW�7R�PDNH�WKH�UHVXOWV�OHVV�GHSHQGHQW�XSRQWKH�ORDG��FRUUHFWLRQ�RI�WKH�¶���OLQH�LV�HQYLV �DJHG�LQ�WKH�SHDN�GHWHFWRU��7KH�FRUUHFWLRQ�LVHQVXUHG� E\� PHDVXUHPHQW� RI� WKH� ���� OLQHELDV� DQG� LQWURGXFLQJ� WKLV� FRUUHFWLRQ� LQ� DQDQDORJ� IRUP� WKURXJK� WKH� VXPPDWRU�� ,QPHDVXULQJ� VSHFWUD� XQGHU� KLJK� ORDGV�� VRPHSXOVHV�DUH�QRW�UHFRUGHG��ORDG�!���N+]���)RUPHDVXUHPHQWV�XQGHU�VXFK�ORDGV��D�FRXQWLQJFKDQQHO� LV� SURYLGHG� WKDW� HQVXUHV� RSHUDWLRQXS�WR�����N+]��7KH�FXUUHQW�PHDVXUHPHQW�LVFDUULHG� RXW� LQ� WKH� SKRWRGLRGH� ELDV� FLUFXLW�7KH�SKRWRGLRGH�FXUUHQW�JRHV�WKURXJK�D�FXU �UHQW�PHDVXULQJ�UHVLVWRU�5L ����NΩ��DQG�WKHYROWDJH�IDOO�RQ�WKLV�UHVLVWRU� LV�PHDVXUHG�E\WKH����FKDQQHO�VLJPD�GHOWD�$'&��7KH�UHVXOW 1HZV�RI�7HFKQRORJ\ )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� LV� VHQW� WR� 5$0� DQG� IXUWKHU� WR� WKH� FRP �SXWHU��$'&� LV� FRQWUROOHG� E\� LWV� RZQ�PLFUR �SURFHVVRU��7KH�5�L��5��& FLUFXLW�RI�WKH�PHWHULV�GHVLJQHG�WR�FRPSHQVDWH�IRU�FXUUHQW�RVFLO �ODWLRQV�UHODWHG�WR�WKH�ELDV�VRXUFH�LQVWDELOLW\�7R�DFFRXQW�IRU�FXUUHQW�YDULDWLRQV�UHODWHG�WRFKDQJHV� LQ�WKH�SKRWRGLRGH�WHPSHUDWXUH��WKHODWWHU� LV�PHDVXUHG� DQG�� XVLQJ� D� NQRZQ� GH �SHQGHQFH�RI� FXUUHQW� RQ� WHPSHUDWXUH�� D� FRU �UHFWLRQ�LV�PDGH�WR�WKH�PHDVXUHPHQW�UHVXOW�8VLQJ� WKH� PHDVXUHPHQW� FKDQQHO� RI$]'&�� WKH� PHDVXUHPHQW� LV� FDUULHG� RXW� LQWKH� VDPH� ZD\�� EXW� WKHUH� LV�� LQ� DGGLWLRQ�� DPLFURSURFHVVRU�PDQDJHU� WKDW� V\QFKURQL]HVRSHUDWLRQ� RI� DOO� WKH� FKDQQHOV� DQG� SHUL �RGLFDOO\�UHDGV�RXW�WKH�GDWD��VSHFWUD�DQG�FXU �UHQWV���ZULWLQJ� WKHP� LQWR� WKH� FRPSXWHU�� ,QFKHFNLQJ�XS�� UHDGRXW� JRHV� WKURXJK� WKH�56�����SRUW�� DQG� LQ� WKH� UHDO� WLPH� VFDOH� RSHUD �WLRQ�²�WKURXJK�/37�SRUW�56����� LV� VORZ� �XS� WR� ����� NE\WH�V�� DWGLVWDQFHV� XS� WR� ��� P�� /37� LV� IDVW�����NE\WH�V��DW�GLVWDQFHV�XS�WR���P�7HFKQLFDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�WKH�GHWHFWLRQEORFN�LQ�WKH�FRXQWLQJ�RSHUDWLRQ�PRGH����(QHUJ\�UDQJH��0H9�²���������� 0D[LPXP� SXOVH� IUHTXHQF\� LQ� WKHFRXQWLQJ�PRGH��N+]�²�������2XWSXW�SXOVH�DPSOLWXGH��IRU� ���&V���9²������������7HPSHUDWXUH�VHQVRU�9� �&��²���������7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ�FRHIILFLHQW��P9� �&�²������3RZHU�VXSSO\�YROWDJH��9�²������&RQVXPHG�FXUUHQW��P$�²�������2YHUDOO�GLPHQVLRQV��PP�²���×��×���7HFKQLFDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�WKH�GHWHFWLRQEORFN�LQ�WKH�FXUUHQW�PHDVXUHPHQW�PRGH����� &XUUHQW� PHDVXUHPHQW� UDQJH�� µ$� ²������������ 0HDQ� VTXDUH� HUURU� LQ� �� V� DYHUDJLQJ�Q$�²������� &XUUHQW� PHDVXUHPHQW� GLVFUHWHQHVV�Q$�²�����3RZHU�VXSSO\�YROWDJH��9�²� ±�� ,Q� WKH� FRXUVH� RI� H[SHULPHQWV�� '%� QRLVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV�ZHUH�VWXGLHG�LQ�WKH�FRXQWLQJDQG� FXUUHQW� PRGHV�� FRXQWLQJ� UDWH� DV� IXQF �WLRQ�RI� WKH�PD[LPXP�H[SRVXUH�GRVH� �0('�LQ�WKH�FRXQWLQJ�PRGH��WKH�PHDVXUHG�FXUUHQWDV� IXQFWLRQ� RI� 0('� LQ� WKH� FXUUHQW� PRGH�'%�RSHUDWLRQ�XQGHU�WHPSHUDWXUH�YDULDWLRQV�,Q�)LJ�����WKH�QXPEHU�RI�'%�FRXQWV�SHU�VHF �RQG�LV�VKRZQ�DV�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WKH�FRPSDUDWRUWKUHVKROG��,W�FDQ�EH�VHHQ�WKDW�LQ�WKH�WKUHVK �ROG� UHJLRQ� RI� ��� FKDQQHOV�� WKH� QXPEHU� RIFRXQWV� LV� VKDUSO\� LQFUHDVHG�� ZKLFK� VKRZVWKDW� QRLVH� SXOVHV�PDNH� D� SUHGRPLQDQW� FRQ �WULEXWLRQ�WR�WKH�FRXQWLQJ�FKDQQHO��7KH�QRLVHFRQWULEXWLRQ� LV� IHOW� VWDUWLQJ� IURP� WKH� ����FKDQQHO�WKUHVKROG��ZLWK�D�VPRRWK�LQFUHDVH�WR �ZDUGV� ���� FKDQQHOV�� 7KXV�� WKH� FRPSDUDWRUOHYHO�VKRXOG�EH�VHW�DURXQG�WKH�YDOXHV�RI����������DGMXVWLQJ�LW�LQGLYLGXDOO\�IRU�HDFK�'%��0HDVXUHPHQWV� ZHUH� FDUULHG� RXW� VLPXOWD �QHRXVO\� IRU� WZR� VKDSLQJ� WLPHV�²��� µV� DQG��µV��KRZHYHU��WKH�%'�QRLVH�SUDFWLFDOO\�ZDVQRW� GHSHQGHQW� XSRQ� VKDSLQJ� WLPH�� 7KH� '%GDUN� FXUUHQW� ZDV� PHDVXUHG� LQ� WKH� FXUUHQWPRGH�� ZLWK� PHDVXUHPHQWV� FDUULHG� RXW� IRU��� V�������PHDVXUHPHQWV���$V�D�UHVXOW��WKHKLJKHVW�FXUUHQW�ZDV�,G �������Q$��WKH�ORZ�HVW�²� ,G ������ Q$��7KH�PD[LPXP�VFDWWHUZDV� ����� Q$�� DQG� WKH� DYHUDJH� YDOXH� ²����� Q$�� 7KH�'%� GDUN� FXUUHQW� GLG� QRW� GH �SHQG�XSRQ�WKH�FRPSDUDWRU�WKUHVKROG�DQG�WKHVKDSLQJ� WLPH�� 7KHQ�ZH� VWXGLHG� WKH� '%� HQ �HUJ\�GHSHQGHQFH�LQ�WKH�VSHFWURPHWULF�PRGH�,Q� RXU�PHDVXUHPHQWV��ZH�XVHG�26*,�VWDQG �DUG�UDGLDWLRQ�VRXUFHV��PHDVXUHPHQW�WLPH�²���� V�� VKDSLQJ� WLPH� ²� �� µV�� 7KH� VRXUFHVZHUH�ORFDWHG�DJDLQVW�WKH�VLGH�VXUIDFH�RI�WKHGHWHFWRU��7KH�PHDVXUHPHQWV�UHVXOWV�DUH�SUH �VHQWHG�LQ�7DEOH���7KXV�� FRXQWLQJ� RYHU� HQHUJ\� EHJLQV� IURPWKH���WK FKDQQHO� �ZKLFK� FRUUHVSRQGV� WR� WKH��NH9�HQHUJ\���7KH�SRLQW�YDOXH�RI�RQH�FKDQ � )LJ����� (QHUJ\� GHSHQGHQFH� RI� WKH� GHWHFWLRQEORFN�VLJQDO�DPSOLWXGH� )LJ�����3XOVH�FRXQWLQJ�DV�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WKH�FRP�SDUDWRU�WKUHVKROG�OHYHO��xKDQQHOV�QXPEHU�3�� 1HZV�RI�7HFKQRORJ\ ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� QHO�LV�a�����NH9��7KH� ���$P OLQH�������NH9�OLHV� LQ� WKH� QRLVHV� �DW� WKH� WKUHVKROG� RI��� FKDQQHOV�� RQO\� WKH� ULJKW�KDQG� VORSH� RIWKH� SKRWRSHDN� FDQ� EH� REVHUYHG��� 7KH� SKR �WRSHDN� PD[LPXP� VKRXOG� SUHVXPDEO\� EH� LQWKH���WK FKDQQHO��ZLWK�HQHUJ\�UHVROXWLRQ�RIa��� ��� )RU� WKH� 26*,� VRXUFH�� WKH� VLJQDO� WRQRLVH� UDWLR� LV�a�����DW�WKH�SKRWRSHDN�PD[L �PXP��)LJ����VKRZV�WKH�HQHUJ\�GHSHQGHQFH�RIWKH�'%� VLJQDO� DPSOLWXGH��$V� LW� FDQ� EH� VHHQ�VLJQDO� DPSOLWXGH� LV� OLQHDUO\� GHSHQGHQW� XSRQ γ�UDGLDWLRQ� HQHUJ\�� DQG� WKH� VSHFWURPHWULFPRGH�RI�'%�RSHUDWLRQ�EHJLQV�IURP�����NH9�$IWHU� WKDW��ZH� VWXGLHG� WKH� HIIHFW� RI� WKHFRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROG� DQG� SXOVH� VKDSLQJWLPH� PXOWLSOLHG� E\� FRXQWLQJ� UDWH� DV� IXQF �WLRQ� RI� WKH� H[SRVXUH� GRVH� UDWH� �('5��� 7KH���&V VRXUFH� RI� DQ� 26*,� VHW� ZDV� IL[HG� LQWKH� FROOLPDWRU� DW� WKH� EHJLQQLQJ� RI� DGRVLPHWULF� GHWHFWRU� DUUD\� DQG� ZDV� QRWPRYHG�� '%� ZDV� IL[HG� RQ� D� URWDWLQJ� WDEOHZLWK�LWV�EDVH�VLGH�GLUHFWHG�WR�WKH�VRXUFH��'%LV� GHVLJQHG� LQ� VXFK� D� ZD\� WKDW� DW� ODUJHORDGV� �DERYH� ��� N+]�� VRPH� SXOVHV� DUH� QRWUHFRUGHG�LQ�VSHFWUXP�PHDVXUHPHQWV��7KHUH �IRUH��OLQHDU�GHSHQGHQFH�RI�WKH�FRXQWLQJ�UDWHXSRQ� ('5� IRU� WKH� ���&V SKRWRSHDN� LV� SUH�VHUYHG� RQO\� ZLWK� WKH� FRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROGa����FKDQQHOV�DQG�FRUUHVSRQGV�WR�WKH�HQHUJ\RI�����NH9��,Q�VSLWH�RI�WKH�IDFW�WKDW�DW�ODUJHORDGV�VKRUWHU�VKDSLQJ�WLPHV�DUH�UHFRPPHQGHGWR� EH� VHW�� WKH� VKDSLQJ� WLPH� GRHV� QRW� SUDFWL �FDOO\�DIIHFW�WKH�FRXQWLQJ�UDWH�DW�KLJK�('5�,Q� )LJ����� FRXQWLQJ� UDWH� YV�� ('5� LVVKRZQ� DW� WKH� FRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROG� RI� ���FKDQQHOV�� ,Q� )LJ����� '%� FRXQWLQJ� UDWH� LVVKRZQ� DV� IXQFWLRQ� RI� ('5� IRU� GLIIHUHQWFRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROG� YDOXHV� �VKDSLQJ� WLPH��µV��� ,W� FDQ�EH� VHHQ� WKDW�ZKHQ� WKH�WKUHVK � ROG�LV�KLJKHU�WKDQ�����FKDQQHOV��WKH�QXPEHURI�FRXQWV�VKDUSO\�LQFUHDVHV�GXH�WR�FRQWULEX �WLRQ� IURP�QRLVH��'%�FXUUHQW�YV��('5�VWXG �LHV�ZHUH�FDUULHG�RXW�XVLQJ�WKH� ���&V VRXUFH1R������ 7KH� WHPSHUDWXUH� ZDV� PHDVXUHGXVLQJ�D� WKHUPRPHWHU�� LQFUHDVLQJ� IURP�����WR� �����&� LQ� WKH� FRXUVH� RI� PHDVXUHPHQWV�7KH�PHDVXUH�PHQW�WLPH�ZDV����V��6DPSOLQJWLPH� IURP� WKH� FRPSXWHU� WR� PLFURSURFHVVRULV���V��5HVXOWV�RI�WKH�PHDVXUHPHQWV�DUH�SUH �VHQWHG�LQ�7DEOH����VKRZLQJ�WKDW�WKH�VKDSLQJWLPH� DQG� WKH� FRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROG� GR� QRWDIIHFW�WKH�FXUUHQW�JRLQJ�WKURXJK�WKH�SKRWR �GLRGH�� 7KH� UDQJH� ZKHUH� FXUUHQW� YV�� ('5OLQHDULW\� LV� SUHVHUYHG� LV� ���� P5�K�� :KHQ('5�ULVHV�DERYH�WKLV�YDOXH��WKH�FXUUHQW�FRQ �WLQXHV�WR�JURZ��EXW�WKH�OLQHDULW\�LV�YLRODWHG�7DEOH����� 7KH� PLQLPXP� ('5� YDOXH� DWZKLFK� FXUUHQW� EHJLQV� WR� QRWLFHDEO\� �E\������GLIIHU�IURP�WKH�GDUN�FXUUHQW�YDOXH�LVa����µ5�K�� 7KH� PD[LPXP� ('5� YDOXH� DWZKLFK�RXU�H[SHULPHQWV�ZHUH�FDUULHG�RXW�ZDV����� 5�K� �PHDVXUHPHQWV� ZLWK� WKUHH� ���&VVRXUFHV��1R�����������DQG������,Q� 6�3'� V\VWHPV�� GHSHQGHQFHV� RI� '%FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� XSRQ� WHPSHUDWXUH� DUH� YHU\LPSRUWDQW�� 7R� VWXG\� WKLV� GHSHQGHQFH�� '% )LJ����� &RXQWLQJ� UDWH� RI� WKH� GHWHFWLRQ� EORFNDV� IXQFWLRQ�RI� H[SRVXUH�GRVH�UDWH� IRU�GLIIHU�HQW�FRPSDUDWRU�WKUHVKROGV�3�)LJ� ���&RXQWLQJ�UDWH�RI�WKH�GHWHFWLRQ�EORFN�DVIXQFWLRQ�RI�H[SRVXUH�GRVH�UDWH�����&V�VRXUFH��� ²�VKDSLQJ�WLPH���µV��� ²VKDSLQJ�WLPH���µV )LJ�����'HWHFWLRQ�EORFN�FXUUHQW�DV�IXQFWLRQ�RIH[SRVXUH�GRVH�UDWH��&V��� VRXUFH�� 1HZV�RI�7HFKQRORJ\ )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ��� 7DEOH���1XFOLGH p��NH9 7KUHVKROG�FKDQQHOV 3XOVHV�SHU����V�xnr 5HVROXWLRQ��� z��FKDQQHOV zFDOF��FKDQQHOV���$P ���� � � � � ����&R ��� �� ������ ���� ��� ������&V ��� ��� ����� ��� ��� ���&R ���� ��� ����� ��� ��� ������� ��� ���� ����1RWH��z LV�WKH�FKDQQHO�QXPEHU�FRUUHVSRQGLQJ�WR�WKH� γ�OLQH�SKRWRSHDN�PD[LPXP��zFDOF � FDOFXODWHG�FKDQQHO�QXPEHU��$SSUR[LPDWLRQ�IRU�'%���zFDOF� ��������éc�7DEOH���� 5��P� ����� ����� ����� �����('5��P5�K ������ ������� ������� �������W�� �& ����� ����� ��� �����&XUUHQW��Q$� ������ ������ ������ ������ 1RWH��5� LV�WKH�GLVWDQFH�IURP�WKH�VRXUFH�WR�WKH�GHWHFWRU7DEOH���� 5��P� �� �� �� ��� ��('5��P5�K� ������� ������� ������ ����� ����&XUUHQW��Q$� ������ ������ ������ ������ �� 7DEOH���� 3DUDPHWHU� 7HPSHUDWXUH��� ��� ��� ��$YHUDJH�GDUN�FXUUHQW�YDOXH��Q$� ����� ����� ������ ������0HDQ�VTXDUH�GHYLDWLRQ�σ��Q$� ������� ������� ������� ������5HODWLYH�GHYLDWLRQ�δ��Q$� ����� ����� ����� ����$YHUDJH�FRXQWLQJ�YDOXH�IRU����V��SXOVHV�� ���� ����� ����� ������0HDQ�VTXDUH�GHYLDWLRQ�σ��SXOVHV�� ���� ���� ���� �����5HODWLYH�GHYLDWLRQ�δ, % ����� ����� ����� ���� 7DEOH��� 3DUDPHWHU� 7HPSHDUWXUH��� ��� ��� ��$YHUDJH�FXUUHQW�YDOXH��Q$� ����� ����� ������ ������0HDQ�VTXDUH�GHYLDWLRQ�σ��Q$� ����� ����� ����� ����5HODWLYH�GHYLDWLRQ�δ��Q$� ����� ����� ����� ����$YHUDJH�FRXQWLQJ�YDOXH�IRU����V��SXOVHV� �������� ���������� ��������� ���������0HDQ�VTXDUH�GHYLDWLRQ�V��SXOVHV�� ������ �������� �������� ������5HODWLYH�GHYLDWLRQ�δ���� ����� ����� ����� ���� 1HZV�RI�7HFKQRORJ\ ��� )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ZDV� KHDWHG� LQ� D� PXIIOH� IXUQDFH�� 7KH� WHP �SHUDWXUH� ZDV� PHDVXUHG� ZLWK� D� PHUFXU\WKHUPRPHWHU�� 7KH� GDUN� FXUUHQW� ZDV� PHDV �XUHG�� DV� ZHOO� DV� QXPEHU� RI� FRXQWV�ZLWKRXWJDPPD�VRXUFH� DQG� ZLWK� D� ���&V VRXUFH� RI���� N%T� DFWLYLW\� �������� ,Q� 7DEOH����PHDV �XUHPHQW� UHVXOWV� DUH� SUHVHQWHG� IRU� WKH�GDUNFXUUHQW� ,G DQG� WKH� QXPEHU� RI� FRXQWV� DVIXQFWLRQ� RI� WHPSHUDWXUH� ZLWKRXW� JDPPD�VRXUFH�� ,Q�7DEOH����GDWD�DUH� VKRZQ�IRU�FXU �UHQW�DQG�'%�FRXQWV�DV�IXQFWLRQ�RI�WHPSHUD �WXUH�ZLWK�D����&V VRXUFH���$V�D�UHVXOW�RI�RXU�VWXGLHV��WKH�IROORZLQJFRQFOXVLRQV� FDQ� EH� PDGH�� :LWK� LQFUHDVHGORDGV�� WKH�HQHUJ\�UHVROXWLRQ�EHJLQV�WR�GHWH �ULRUDWH�� ,Q� PHDVXUHPHQWV� ZLWK� D� VRXUFH� RUZLWKRXW�D�VRXUFH��VXEVWDQWLDO�LQFUHDVH�LV�RE �VHUYHG� LQ� WKH� FRXQWLQJ� UDWH� FORVH� WR� WKHFRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROG�� ,Q� WKH� FRXQWLQJPRGH�� IRU� SUHVHUYDWLRQ� RI� OLQHDULW\� RYHU('5� IRU� GLIIHUHQW� �DV� IRU� WKHLU� HQHUJLHV�VRXUFHV�� GLIIHUHQW� FRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROGVVKRXOG� EH� VHW�� )RU� PHDVXUHPHQWV� LQ� WKHFRXQWLQJ�PRGH�ZLWK�D� ���&V VRXUFH��WKH�RS�WLPXP� FRPSDUDWRU� WKUHVKROG� LV� ���� FKDQ �QHOV�� :LWK� VXFK� WKUHVKROG�� WKH� FRXQWLQJUDWH� YV�� ('5� OLQHDULW\� LV� SUHVHUYHG� XS� WR����P5�K��7KH� OLQHDULW\� UDQJH� IRU� FXUUHQWLV�IURP�����P5�K�WR�����5�K��7KXV��WKHUH LV� D� FHUWDLQ� RYHUODSSLQJ� RI� WKH� UDQJHV� RIFRXQWLQJ� DQG� FXUUHQW� PRGHV�� :KHQ� ('5ULVHV� DERYH�����5�K�� WKH� FXUUHQW� FRQWLQXHVWR� LQFUHDVH��EXW� LWV� OLQHDULW\�RYHU�('5�ZLOOEH�YLRODWHG��7KH�GDUN�FXUUHQW�GHSHQGHQFH�RQWHPSHUDWXUH�LV�VLPLODU�WR�WKDW�FKDUDFWHULVWLFIRU� +DPDPDWVX� 6�������� SKRWRGLRGHV�� ,QWKH� FRXQWLQJ� PRGH�� VXEVWDQWLDO� LQFUHDVH� LQORDG�ZLWK�WHPSHUDWXUH�LV�DOVR�REVHUYHG�7KXV��ZH�KDYH�GHYHORSHG�DQG�SURGXFHG�DGHWHFWLRQ� EORFN� RSHUDWLQJ� LQ� D� FRPELQHGFRXQWLQJ�FXUUHQW� PRGH� �ZLWK� D� IXQFWLRQ� RIVSHFWURPHWU\��� ZKLFK� FDQ� EH� VXFFHVVIXOO\XVHG� LQ� DQ� D]LPXWKDO�GHWHFWLQJ� FRPSOH[�7KH� '%� KDV� VPDOO� VL]H� DQG�ZHLJKW� DW� KLJKVHQVLWLYLW\� LQ� D� EURDG� UDQJH� RI� JDPPD�UD �GLDWLRQ�GRVHV��������5HIHUHQFHV ���9�'�5\]KLNRY�� 3�(�6WDGQLN�� <X�$�<DNRYOHY�3ULE��L�7HNKQ��(NVS���1R����������������2�-LODU�� <�3HW]�� 3K\V��6WDW��6RO��D��� ���� �������������(�6DNDM�� ,(((�7UDQV��1XFO��6FL��� 16����� �������������(�$�'DQVKLQ�� 9�'�5\]KLNRY�� /�$�3LYHQ¶�(�0�6HOHJHQHY��3ULE�� L�7HNKQ��(NVS���1R������������� èvoévirj�isvrj�lnznrzykjtt¹�xqxznuqx|qtzqs¹zvé�{vzvlòvl�xwvsy·ntvmv�én quy�évivzq�sò·qs�tv�zvrvkqp��ls¹�joquyzjs�tv�kq¹ktvmvrvuwsnrxy {�{�sË}¯È°ºm��{�{�r�ãº��­����l�vËãË�ËÓ¼m�r�{��¯ÒÓ ºm����|�rº¯º�ËÓ}º èvoévisntv� ujsvmjijéqztqp� isvr� lnznrzykjtt¹� γ�kqwévuòtíkjtt¹� xqxznuq� x|qtzq�s¹zvé�{vzvlòvl���v� wéj|í�� y� lòjwjovtò� ntnémòp� ���������0nÆ� ò� lòjwjovtò� wvzy tvxznplvo�kòl����� lv���� ò�iòs�¡�è�mvl��Èsvr�lnznrzykjtt¹�uj��xyuò�ntqp�éj}ytrvkv�xzéyuv�kqp� én qu�o�{ytr|ò�í�xwnrzévunzéò¢��Ínén}òl� o�éj}ytrvkvmv� én quy�tj� xzéyuvkqp� òtjojl�wév}vlqz��jkzvujzq·tv��Èsvr�lnznrzykjtt¹�wéqotj·ntv�ls¹�kqrvéqxzjtt¹�y�joq�uyzjs�tv�kq¹ks¹í·vuy�rvuwsnrxò�évivzj�évokòltqr��ijmjzv{ytr|òvtjs�tvuy�lvoqunzéò�lvoqunzéò�wnsntmjzvéò�zj�òt�� 1HZV�RI�7HFKQRORJ\ )XQFWLRQDO�PDWHULDOV������������� ���